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CHRONICLE 


or 


THE   CID, 

RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR, 

THE    CAMPEADOR. 


Prinlcd  iy  ^  Pop^t 
52.  Old  Boswell  Court,  Strand. 


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Cftronitle  of  tl)e  Cit). 

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frtntrt  rot  Honptan,  ^urut,  mcc^,  an5  jDrmc,  ^awno^tcC'roto, 

1808. 


4?  ^7 


PREFACE. 


Tliis  Chronicle  of  the  Cid  is  wliolly  translation,  but  it  is  not 
the  translation  oi  any  single  work.  The  three  following  have 
been  used. 

1.  CHRONICA  DEL  FAMOSO  CAVALLERO  CID  RUY- 
DIEZ  CAMPEADOR.     Burgos  1593. 

The  first  and  only  other  edition  of  this  Chronicle  was  printed 
in  1553.  The  Infante  Don  Fernando,  avIio  was  afterwards  Em- 
peror, seeing  the  manuscript  at  Cardeiia,  ordered  the  Abbot  Don 
Fr.  Juan  de  Velorado  to  publish  it,  and  obtained  an  order 
from  his  grandfather  Fernando  the  Catholic  King  to  the  same 
effect.  The  Abbot  perforihed  his  task  very  carelessly  and  very 
inaccurately,  giving  no  account  of  the  manuscript,  and  suffering 
many  errors  to  creep  into  the  text,  which  might  have  been  correct- 
ed by  collating  it  Avith  the  original. 

Beuther,  Escolano,  and  otlieis,  ascribe  it  to  Abenalfarax,  the 
nephew  of  Gil  Diaz.  Berganza  is  of  opinion  that  the  main  part 
was  written  by  Gil  Diaz  himself,  because  the  manuscript  at  Car- 
dena  says,  '  Then  Abenfax  the  Moor,  who  wrote  this  Chroni- 
cle in  Arabl3,  set  down  the  price  of  food:'  And  Abentaxi, 
according  to  him,  was  the  name  of  Gil  Diaz  before  his  conver- 
sion. Abenalfarax  is  named  in  the  end  of  the  book  as  the  author: 

a 


IV 


PREFACE. 

he  concludes  therefore  that  it  was  completed  by  him  ; .  .  and  this 
the  Covonica  Genera/ confirms  by  sayhig,  Segun  cuenta  laEstoria 
del  Cid,  que  de  aqui  adelante  compuso  Ahen  Alfarax  su  sobrino 
de  Gil  Diaz  en  Valencia.  The  printed  Clironicle  however  says 
Abenalfarax  where  Berganza  reads  Abenfax,  and  Avrites  Alfaraxi 
for  the  Moorish  name  of  Gil  Diaz.  This  question  is  not  easily 
decided.  There  is  nothing  Arabian  in  the  style  of  the  Chronicle, 
except  the  lamentation  for  Valencia,  which  is  manifestly  so.  It 
is  most  probably  the  work  of  a  Spaniard,  who  used  Arabic 
documents. 

It  is  equally  impossible  to  ascertain  the  age  of  this  Chroni- 
cle. The  Abbot  Arho  published  it  judged  that  it  was  as  old 
as  the  days  of  the  Cid  liimself.  This  supposition  is  absurd. 
Lucas  of  Tuy  and  the  Archbishop  Rodrigo  are  frequently 
cited  in  it.  It  Avas  however  an  old  manuscript  in  1552.  A  much 
older  Avas  seen  in  1593  by  Don  Gil  Ramirez  de  Arellano,  which 
according  to  his  account  was  in  Portugueze,  but  agreed  in 
the  main  with  that  Avhich  had  been  published.  The  older  the 
language,  the  more  it  would  resemble  Portugueze.  Another 
question  is,  whether  it  has  been  inserted  in  the  Covonica 
General,  or  extracted  from  it :  for  that  the  one  copied  from  the 
other  is  certain:  but  it  is  equally  certain  from  the  variations, 
that  each  must  have  had  some  other  original ;  . .  perhaps  the 
Arabic.  If  the  Chronica  del  Cid  be  extracted  from  the  General 
Chronicle,  which  is  giving  it  the  latest  date,  even  in  that  case  it 
Avas  Avritten  before  the  end  of  the  iSth  century;  that  is,  little 
more  than  150  years  after  the  Cid's  death ;  and  Avhatever  fiction 
has  been  introduced  into  the  story,  must  have  been  invented 
long  before,  or  it  Avould  not  have  been  received  as  tmth,  and  in- 
corporated into  the  general  history  of  Spain.  This  question  has 
not  been,  and  perhaps  cannot  be  decided.  There  are  some 
errors  in  the  Chronicle  of  the  Cid  Avhich  are  corrected  in  the 


PREFACE. 

General  Chronicle,  and  sometimes  it  contains  passages  which 
are  necessar}'^  to  explain  an  after  circumstance,  but  are  not 
found  in  the  other*. 

2.  Las  quatro partes  enteras  de  la  Cronica  de  EspaFia,  que  mando 
componer  el  Serenissimo  Ilei/  Don  Alonso  llmado  el  sabio,  donde 
se  coiitienen  los  acontescimientos  y  hazanas  maijores  y  mas  seTia- 
ladas  que  sucedieron  en  Espana,  desde  su  primer  a  poblacion 
hasta  cast  los  tiempos  del  dicho  senor  Rey.  Vista  y  emendada 
?nucha  parte  de  su  impresion  por  el  maestro  Floria7i  Docampo 
Cronista  del  empera.dor  rey  nuestro  senor.  Con  previlegio  impe- 
rial. 

Fue  impressa  la  presente  Cronica  general  de  Espana  en  la 
magnijica,  noble  y  antiquissima  cibdad  de  Zamora  :  por  los  hon- 
rrados  varones  Augustin  de  poz  y  Juan  Picardo  companeros 
inpressores  de  libros,  vezinos  de  la  dicha  cibdad.  A  costa  y  es- 
pensas  del  virtuoso  laron  Juan  de  Spinosa  mercader  de  libros 
vezino  de  Medina  del  Campo.  Acabose  en  nueve  dias  del  mes  de 
deziembre.  Ano  del  nascimiento  de  nuestro  Salvador  Jesu  Crista 
de  fnill  y  quinientos  y  quarenta  y  un  anos.  Heynando  en  Espana 
el  Emperador  Don  Carlos  nuestro  Senor  y  Itey  natural. 

Florian  de  Ocampo  relates  the  history  of  this  firsi  edition  in 
his  epistle  dedicatory  to  Don  Luys  de  Stuniga  y  Avila.  Tlie 
printers  of  Zamora,  he  says,  came  to  him  and  besought  him 
to  give  them  something  which  they  might  publish  to  the  use 
and  glory  of  those  kingdoms  whereof  they  and  he  were  natives. 
He  had  at  that  time  in  his  house  a  manuscript  of  this  Chronicle, 


*  The  language  of  the  Cfir.  del  Cid  is  sometimes  of  greater  antiquity  than  the 
other, . .  for  instance  ; . .  E  tamano  fue  el  plazer  del  Rey  D.  Fernando  e  de  los  sui/os 
quamanofue  el  pesar  del  Rey  D.  Ramiro  de  dragon  e  de  los  siiyos. 

In  the  Cor.  Ger.  quaii  grande  and  tan  grande  are  the  phrases.  But  thia  is 
a  subject  which  none  but  a  Spaniard  can  properly  investigate. 


y[  PREFACE. 

which  had  been  lent  him  by  the  Licentiate  Martin  de  Aguilar. 
Aguilar  joj'fully  gave  up  the  manviscript  to  the  printers,  and 
Ocampo  undertook  to  correct  the  press  as  far  as  he  could  in 
those  hours  which  he  could  spare  from  his  studies  and  pursuits  : 
this,  says  he,  I  did  with  such  fidehty  that  I  would  never  permit 
the  style,  nor  order,  nor  antique  words  to  be  changed,  holding 
any  such  alteration  to  be  an  offence  committed  upon  the  Avork 
of  another.  Notwithstanding  this  becoming  respect  for  antiquity, 
Ocampo  passes  a  censure  upon  the  style  at  the  end  of  the  Siima- 
rio.  lie  says,  Todas  estas  cosas  sohrediclias  van  escritas  en  estas 
quatro  partes  con  plahras  antigiias  y  toscas,  segnn  las  usavan 
los  Espanoles  al  tiempo  que  las  hazian,  qiiando  se  presciavan  mas 
de  h'len  obrar  que  de  hien  hablar ;  puesto  que  siempre  fiie  y  sera 
s>ran  alabanca  bien  hablar  a  los  que  bien  obron. 

The  Spanish  Chronicles  Avere  all  villainously  printed,  because 
the  printers  made  use  of  the  first  manuscript  they  could  find, 
and  the  correctors  did  their  best  to  bring  the  language  to  that 
of  their  OAvn  times,  after  the  ncAvest  and  most  approved  fashion. 
This  mischief  Ocampo  prevented  as  far  as  he  could,  but  he 
should  have  done  more ;  Ocampo  Avas  not  a  common  Corrector 
of  the  Press  ;  he  Avas  Chronicler  to  the  King  of  Castille,  and  any 
manuscript  in  the  kingdom  Avhich  he  had  asked  for  would  have 
been  put  into  his  hands  as  readily  as  that  of  his  friend  Aguilar. 
The  copy  Avhich  he  implicitly  folloAved  happened  to  be  remark- 
ably faulty.  AVords  and  sentences  are  omitted  in  almost  every 
column,  Avhole  chapters  are  wanting,  and  even  one  entire  reign. 
Zurita  collated  the  printed  book  Avith  a  manuscript  of  great  anti- 
quity, Avhich  had  once  belonged  to  the  famous  Marques  de  San- 
tillana  ;  and  this  copy,  in  Avhich  he  had  with  his  OAvn  hand  insert- 
ed all  the  omissions,  Avas  in  the  possession  of  the  Marques  de  Mon- 
dejar.  An  imperfect  manuscript,  which  is  likcAvise  of  great  anti- 
quity, is  at  Salamanca,  in  the  Collegio  de  S,  Bartolome :  some  man 


PREFACE. 

of  letters  has  prefixed  a  note  to  it,  sa3'ing  that  it  contains  many 
chapters  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  printed  book. . . ;/  tieiie 
tamhien  otra  utilidad  que  es,  el  liallarse  aqui  los  vocablos  y  voces 
cnstellanas  antigiias  en  sii  ptireza,  sin  haherse  Vunado  al  tiempo 
presente,  como  la  imprimio  Florian  de  Ocampo.  If  tliis  writer  be 
accurate,  the  copier  of  Aguikir's  manuscript  had  modernized  the 
book  as  well  as  mutilated  it. 

Ocampo  calls  this  Avork  la  Chronica  de  Espana,  que  mando 
componer  el  Serenissimo  Heij  D.  Alonso.  The  manuscript  which 
Zurita  collated  has  la  Estoria  de  Espana  que  fizo  el  mui  noble 
Rey  D.  Alonso.  The  Marques  de  Mondejar  possessed  three  ma- 
nuscripts, neither  of  which  supported  Ocampo's  reading,  nor  af- 
forded the  slightest  ground  for  supporting  it.  On  the  other  hand, 
Don  Juan  Manuel,  Alonso's  nephew,  expressly  says  tliat  the 
King  made  the  Chronicle,  and  in  the  Prologue  the  King  says  so 
himself.  That  Florian  de  Ocampo,  Avho  printed  the  Prologue, 
should  have  overlooked  this,  is  inconceivable  ;  and  why  he  should 
deny  that  the  King  wrote  it,  in  direct  contradiction  of  the  King's 
own  authority,  is  what  he  has  not  explained,  and  what  nobody 
can  explain  for  him.  Don  Francisco  Cerda  y  Rico  says,  the 
real  author  was  Maestre  Jofre  de  Loaysa,  Archdeacon  of  Toledo, 
and  afterwards  Abbot  of  Santander ;  and  this  he  says  he  has 
proved  in  a  dissertation  which  was  ready  for  the  press.  I  know 
not  whether  this  dissertation  has  appeared,  neither  do  t  know 
that  at  the  distance  of  more  than  five  centuries  any  proof  can 
possibly  be  obtained  to  show  that  Alonso  the  Wise  did  not  write 
the  history,  which  he  himself  says  he  wrote,  and  which  we  know 
he  was  capable  of  writing. 

The  printed  Chronicle  is  divided  into  four  parts,  and  the  last 
part  is  not  Alonso's  work.  Ocampo  gives  it  as  his  own  opinion, 
and  that  of  many  other  intelligent  persons,  that  it  was  not  writ- 
ten by  tlie  author  of  the  three  former,  because  it  contained  no- 


VII 


Vlll 


PREFACE. 

thing  but  what  was  to  be  found  in  other  books ;  because  the  style 
was  different,  and  the  hinguage  ruder, . .  the  Avhole  being  in 
fact  composed  of  fragments  put  together  without  any  attempt 
at  improving  them,  and  because  in  many  places  the  writer  ex- 
pressed himself  as  if  he  had  been  contemporary  Avith  the  persons 
whose  feats  he  was  then  recording.  There  is  no  doubt  that  this 
opinion  is  right.  It  ends  with  the  death  of  King  St.  Fernando, 
Alonso's  father.  It  is  in  this  part  that  the  history  of  the  Cid  is 
contained. 

This  very  curious  work  was  reprinted  at  Valladolid  in  1604. 
It  is  the  later  edition  which  I  have  used. 


3.     POEMA  DEL  CID. 

Sandoval  first  mentioned  this  poem,  which  is  preserved  at 
Bivar,  and  gave  the  four  first  lines,  calling  the  whole  '  Versos 
Barbaros  y  Notables.'  Berganza  afterwards  inserted  seventeen 
Unes  in  his  Antis;\iedadcs.  The  notice  which  they  thus  gave  of 
its  existence  excited  the  curiosity  of  Sanchez,  to  whom  Spanish 
literature  has  been  so  greatly  indebted,  and  he  published  it  in  the 
first  volume  of  his  Coleccion  de  Foesias  Castellanas  Anteriores 
al  Sigh  XV. 

Some  leaves  are  wanting  at  the  beginning  of  the  manuscript, 
and  one  in  the  middle.  The  Avhole  fragment  consists  of  3744 
lines,  the  three  last  of  which  are  added  by  the  transcriber; 

Quien  escribio  este  Ubro  del'  Dios  paraiso  :  Amen. 
Per  abbot  Ic  escribio  en  el  mes  de  mayo 
En  era  de  mill  e  CC  . .  XLV.  aJios. 

Who  Per  Abbat  Avas,  and  Avhether  Abbat  implied  his  rank  or 
his  name,  cannot  now  be  knoAvn : . .  it  is  certain  that  he  Avas  the 
copier  of  the  book,  not  the  author,  by  the  language,  which  is  much 


PREFACE. 

older  than  the  date  of  the  manuscript.     But  there,  is  a  difficulty 
concerning  the  date.     There  is  a  space  between  the  CC  and  the 
XLV;  and  that  space  is  just  as  much  as  another  C  would  have 
filled.      Perhaps,  says  Sanchez,  the  copier  put  one  C  too  much, 
and  erased  it ;  perhaps  he  placed  the  conjunction  e,  part  of  the 
date  being  expressed  by  words  and  part  by  figures,  and  after- 
wards erased  it  as  supei-fluous  ;  or  possibly  some  person  thought 
to  give  the  manuscript  greater  value  by  obliterating  one  C,  to 
make  it  appear  a  century  older.     The  writing  seems  to  be  of  the 
fourteenth  century.    It  is  of  little  consequence;  even  upon  that 
supposition  the  date  is  1307 :  and  no  person  can  doubt  that  the 
language  of  the  poem  is  considerably  older  than  that  of  Gonzalo 
de  Berceo,  who  flourished  about  1220 ; . .  .  a  century  is  hardly 
sufficient  to  account  for  the  difference  between  them.     Sanchez 
is  of  opinion  that  it  was  composed   about  the  middle   of  the 
twelfth  century,  some  fifty  years  after  the  death  of  the  Cid  ; . . . 
there  are  some  passages  Avhich  induce  me  to  believe  it  the  work 
of  a  contemporary.     Be  that  as  it  may,  it  is  unquestionably  the 
oldest  poem  in  the  Spanish  language.     In  my  judgment  it  is  as 
decidedly  and  beyond  all  comparison  the  finest. 

One  other  source  of  information  remains  to  be  mentioned, 
the  popular  ballads  of  the  Cid. 


ROMANCES  DEL  CID. 

Sarmiento  {Mem.  para  la  Hist,  de  la  Poesia,  §  546.  548.  550.) 
delivers  it  as  his  opinion,  that  the  popular  ballads  of  the  Twelve 
Peers,  Bernardo  del  Carpio,  Ferran  Gonzalez,  the  Cid,  &c.  were 
composed  soon  after  the  age  of  the  heroes  whom  they  cele- 
brate, and  were  what  the  Copleros,  Trouveurs,  Joculars,  and 
all  the  common  people,  sung  at  their  entertainments.  That  these 


IX 


PREFACE. 

being  orally  preserved,  were  subject  to  frequent  alterations  as 
the  lantruaoe  of  the  country  altered  ;  and  thus  when  at  length 
they  were  committed  to  writing,  their  language  Avas  materially 
difterent,  but  their  substance  remained  the  same.  In  support 
of  this  authority  which  he  assigns  to  them  in  point  of  fact,  he 
observes  that  the  Cor.  General  frequently  cites  the  Jo<ylare.s  or 
popular  poets.  Their  present  form  he  assigns  to  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century. 

Sarmiento  describes  the  collection  Avhich  he  had  seen  of  the 
Ballads  of  the  Cid  as  containing  one  hvmdredand  two  ballads,  in 
old  style,  and  in  eight  syllable  verse.  This  is  the  i/zs^oria  delmui/ 
valeroso  Cavallero  el  Cid  Riiij  Diez  de  Bivar,  en  Komances,  en 
lenguage  antiguo,  recopilados  por  Juan  de  Escobar.  Sevilhi,  1632. 
The  ballads  in  this  little  volume  are  chronologically  arranged  ; 
it  is,  I  believe,  the  only  separate  collection,  and  by  no  means 
a  complete  one.  Two  which  Escobar  has  overlooked  are  among 
the  Komances  nuevamente  sacados  de  Historias  Antiguas  de  la 
Cronica  de  Espana  por  Lorenzo  de  Sepulveda  tezino  de  Sevilla. 
Van  anadidos  muchos  nunca  vistos,  compuestos  por  tni  Cavallero 
Cesario,  cuyo  nomhre  se  guardapara  mai/ores  cosas.  Anvers,  1566. 
This  volume  contains  forty-one  ballads  of  the  Cid,  scattered 
through  it  without  any  regular  order.  There  are  thirty-two  in  the 
Romancero  General,  en  que  se  coniienen  todos  los  Romances  que 
andan  impressos  en  las  nueve  partes  de  Romanceros.  Aora  nueva- 
mente impresso,  anadido,  y  emendado.  Medina  del  Campo,  l602. 
Twelve  of  these  are  not  in  Escobar's  collection  ;  and  probabl}' 
others  which  he  has  overlooked  may  be  found  in  other  Roman- 
ceros. Many  of  these  ballads  are  evidently  little  older  than  the 
volumes  in  which  they  are  contained;  very  few  of  them  appear 
to  me  to  bear  any  marks  of  antiquity,  and  the  greater  part  are 
utterly  worthless.  Indeed  the  heroic  ballads  of  the  Spaniards 
have  been  over-rated  in  this  country  :  they  are    infinitely  and 


PREFACE.  xi 

every  way  inferior  to  our  ov/n.  There  are  some  spirited  ones  in 
the  Guerras  Civiles  de  Granada,  from  which  the  rest  have  been 
estimated ;  but  excepting  these,  I  know  none  of  any  value 
among  the  many  hundreds  Avhich  I  have  perused.  I  have  very 
seldom  availed  myself  of  the  Romances  del  Cid. 

The  Chronicle  of  the  Cid  is  the  main  web  of  the  present  vo- 
lume. I  have  omitted  such  parts  as  relate  to  the  general  his- 
tory of  Spain  but  have  no  reference  to  Ruydiez,  and  I  have 
incorporated  Avith  it  whatever  additional  circumstances,  either  of 
fact  or  costume,  are  contained  in  the  Cronica  General  or  the 
Foema  del  Cid.  The  poem  is  to  be  considered  as  metrical  his- 
tory, not  metrical  romance.  It  was  written  before  those  fictions 
were  invented  which  have  been  added  to  the  history  of  the  Cid, 
and  which  have  made  some  authors  discredit  what  there  is  not  the 
slightest  reason  to  doubt.  I  have  preferred  it  to  the  Chronicles 
sometimes  in  point  of  fact,  and  always  in  point  of  costume ;  for 
as  the  historian  of  manners,  this  poet,  whose  name  unfortunately 
has  perished,  is  the  Homer  of  Spain.  A  few  material  additions 
have  been  made  fi'om  other  authentic  sources,  and  the  refer- 
ences are  given,  section  by  section,  with  exemplary  minuteness. 


INTRODUCTION. 


If  any  country  might  have  been  thought  safe  from  the  Sara- 
cens, it  was  Spain.  Tlie  Wisi-Goths  had  been  nearly  three 
centuries  in  possession  of  it :  during  that  time  the  independant 
kingdoms  which  were  founded  by  the  first  conquerors,  had  been 
formed  into  one  great  monarchy,  more  extensive  and  more 
powerful  than  any  other  existing  at  the  same  time  in  Europe ; 
they  and  the  conquered  were  blended  into  one  people ;  their 
languages  Avere  intermingled,  and  the  religion  and  laAvs  of  the 
peninsula  had  received  that  character  which  they  retain  even 
to  the  present  day.  The  Wisi-Gotlis  themselves  were  a  more  for- 
midable enemy  than  the  Mahommedans  had  yet  encountered  ;  in 
Persia,  Syria,  and  Eygpt,  they  had  found  a  race  always  accus- 
tomed to  oppression,  and  ready  for  the  yoke  of  the  strongest ; 
among  the  Greeks  a  vicious  and  effeminated  people,  a  govern- 
ment at  once  feeble  and  tyrannical,  and  generals  who  either  by 
their  treacher}'  or  incapacity,  afforded  them  an  easy  conquest ;  in 
Africa  they  overrun  provinces  which  had  not  yet  recovered  from 


INTRODUCTION. 


If  any  country  might  have  been  thought  safe  from  the  Sara- 
cens, it  was  Spain.  The  AMsi-Goths  had  been  nearly  three 
centuries  in  possession  of  it :  during  that  time  the  indepcndant 
kingdoms  which  were  founded  by  the  first  conquerors,  had  been 
formed  into  one  great  monarchy,  more  extensive  and  more 
powerfiil  than  any  other  existing  at  the  same  time  in  Europe ; 
they  and  the  conquered  were  blended  into  one  people;  their 
languages  were  intermingled,  and  the  religion  and  laws  of  the 
peninsula  had  received  that  character  Avhich  they  retain  even 
to  the  present  day.  The  Wisi-Goths  themselves  were  a  more  for- 
midable enemy  than  the  Mahommedans  had  yet  encountered  ;  in 
Persia,  Syria,  and  Eygpt,  they  had  found  a  race  alwaj^s  accus- 
tomed to  oppression,  and  ready  for  the  yoke  of  the  strongest ; 
among  die  Greeks  a  vicious  and  effeminated  people,  a  govern- 
ment at  once  feeble  and  tyrannical,  and  generals  who  either  by 
their  treachery  or  incapacity,  afforded  them  an  easy  conquest ;  in 
Africa  they  overrun  provinces  which  had  not  yet  recovered  from 


XIV 


INTRODUCTION. 

the  destructive  victories  of  Belisarius.  But  the  Spanish  Goths 
were  a  nation  of  freemen,  and  their  strength  and  reputation 
unimpaired.  Yet  in  two  battles  their  monarchy  was  subverted  ; 
their  cities  fell  as  fast  as  they  were  summoned,  and  in  almost  as 
little  time  as  the  Moors  could  travel  over  the  kingdom,  they 
became  masters  of  the  whole,  except  only  those  mountainous 
reoions  in  which  the  language  of  the  first  Spaniards  found  an 
asylum  from  the  Romans,  and  which  were  now  destined  to 
preserve  the  liberties  and  institutions  of  the  Goths. 

No  country  was  ever  yet  subdued  by  foreign  enemies,  unless 
the  badness  of  its  government,  or  the  folly  of  its  governors,  pre- 
pared the  way  for  them.     The  laws  of  succession  among  the 
Wisi-Goths  were  ill-defined  and  worse  observed.     There   were 
claimants  to  the  crown  abject  enough  to  be  willing  to  accept  it 
from  the  hand  of  the  INIoorish  Conqueror,  and  fools  enough  to 
suppose  that  a  conqueror  Mould  give  it  them ;   actuated  by  this 
vile  hope,  and  by  the  desire  of  destroying  their  rival,  though 
the  utter  overthrow  of  their  country  should  be  brought  about 
by  the  same  means,  they  invited  the  invaders,  and  aided  them 
with  all  their  influence.    These  wretches  are  inexcusable.    Count 
Julian   was   provoked  by  heavier  injuries   to  pursue  the  same 
unhappy   course.      Rodrigo    the    reigning    King   had   forcibly 
violated  his  daughter.     An  act  of  manly  vengeance  Avould  have 
been   recorded   with   applause ;    but  he   betrayed  his  country 
and  renounced  his  religion  to  revenge  an  individual  wrong,  and 
for  him  too  there  is  no  excuse.     There  is  little  for  those  Arians 
and  other  persecuted  sectaries  with  whom  Spain  abounded,  who 
welcomed  the  Moors,   or  Avillingly  submitted  to  them,  . .  weak 
and   miserable  men,  to  rejoice  in  ruin,  because  it  fell   heavier 
upon  their  oppressors  than  themselves !     But  there  Avere  two 
classes  in  Spain,  the  Jcavs  and  the  slaves,  whom  the  grievances 
which  they  endured  justified  in  forwarding  any  revolution  that 


INTRODUCTION. 


afFo-ded  them  even  a  chance  of  change,   and  in  joinin'>'  any 
invaders  as  their  dehverers.     Tlie  persecution  v/hich  the  Jews 
endured  from  the  Wisi-Goth  Kings,  was  move  atrocious  than 
any  to  which  that  persecuted  race  had  yet  been  exposed :  . . . 
the  fiendish  system  of  extirpation,  which  has  since  been  pursued 
against  them  in  the  same  country,  v/as  littje  more  than  a  renewal 
of  the  execrable  laws  enacted  by  Sisebuto,  Suinthela,  Recesuinto, 
and  Egica.     If  they  were  detected  in  observing  any  custom  or  ^,„„  j,,,^, 
ceremony  of  their  religion,  they  were  to  be  killed  upon  the  spot,  'i^'^i 
or  stoned,  or  burnt;...  and  finally,  upon  an  absurd  accusation 
that  they  had  conspired  with  the  Jews  of  Africa  and  other  pro- 
vinces to  rise  against  the  Christians  and  destroy  them,  they  were 
all  condemned  to  slavery,  and  their  children  above  the  aoe  of 
seven  taken   from   them,  and    baptized.  "I'he  laws  respectino-  ^^^''J-^- 
slaves  were  inic^uitous  in  the  highest  degree.     At  one  time  they  ^El}!na'' 
were  not  admitted  as  witnesses,  and  the  law  which  disqualified  fff "34. 
them,  classed  them  with  thieves,  murderers,  and  poisoners.     If  n^roju^^o 
in  spite  of  this  law  their  evidence  was  taken,  it  was  not  to  be  W'*' 
beUeved,    though  it   had    been   forced   from   them    by   torture. 
AVhen   it  was  found  that  this   disqualification    too   frequently  bo.-i.^. 
obstructed  the  course  of  justice,   they  were  allowed  to  be  heard 
in  trilling  actions,  and  upon  any  deadly  fray,  provided  no  free 
witnesses  could  be  found.     In  questions  of  adultery,  treason,  bo.-i.  .0. 
coining,  nmrder,  and  poisoning,  they  might  be  tortured  to  extort, 
evidence  against  their  masters:  he  who  gave  it  under  the  torture 
suffered  with  the  criminal,  but  if  he  gave  it  without  compulsion, 
he  escaped ;  this  law  must  often  have  occasioned  the  condem- 
nation   of  the  innocent.     If  a  slave  who  had  been  transferred  d.-x.^. 
accused   his    former  master,  that  master  had   the   privileo-e  of '*■'*■ 
re-purchasing    him    to   punish    him  at    pleasure.       A  law  was  do-i,. 
made  to  keep  the  children  of  slaves  slaves  like  their  parents, 
because,  said  the  legislator,  there  is  agxeat  confusion  of  lineac^e 


t.  4. ;.  1  b. 


^^[  INTRODUCTION. 

when  the  son  is  not  like  the  father,  and  as  the  root  is  even  so 
must  the  branch  be.  By  a  still  greater  injustice,  if  a  runaway 
slave  of  either  sex  married  a  free  person,  under  pretence  of  being 
free,  the  children  of  that  marriage  became  slaves  to  the  owner  of 

Fuerojuigo.  thc  fugitivc.     If  a  woman  married  her  slave,  or  one  Avho  having 

M^—' 16.'     been  her  slave  had  been  emancipated,  both  were  to  be  burnt. 

Do.-i.  3.  The  very  sanctuary  was  forbidden  them ;  they  used  to  fly  to  the 
churches,  that  the  clergy  might  hear  their  complaints  and  compel 
their  merciless  owners  to  sell  them  ;  but  even  this  refuge  was 
taken  away,  and  it  was  enacted  that  they  should  be  given  up  to 

Do.— 1 5.7.  punishment.  There  was  a  penalty  for  harbouring  fugitive  slaves  ; 
and  Avhosoever  admitted  one  into  his  house,  though  the  runaAvay 
called  himself  free,  and  did  not  immediately  carry  him  before  a 
judge  for  examination,  was  to  receive  a  hundred  stripes  and  pay 
the  owner  a  pound ;  the  neighbours  were  liable  to  the  same  penal- 
ties, if  they  did  not  supply  his  neglect ;  all  persons  therefore  were 
bound  to  examine  a  suspicious  stranger,  and  torture  him  to  find 
out  Avho  he  was.  If  they  omitted  to  do  this,  men  or  women, 
of  Avhatever  race,  family,  or  rank,  were  to  suffer  two  hundred 
stripes,  churchmen  and  officers  of  justice  three  hundred,  and 
Bishop  or  Lord  who  Avas  thus  guilty,  either  for  compassion 
or  for  a  bribe,  was  to  forfeit  three  pounds  to  the  King,  and  do 
penance  during  thirty  days,    like  one    who  had   been   excom" 

Do.— 1. 9.    mvmicated.     The    monstrous   severity  of  this  law  proves    how 

t.  1.  J.  20.  ,  . 

frequently  these  unhappy  people  fled  ti-om  their  masters,  and 
the  legislator  complains  that  there  was  neither  city,  castle, 
burgh,  nor  village,  in  which  runaway  slaves  were  not  concealed. 
Such  Avere  the  laws  of  the  Spanish  Goths  respecting  slavery  ! 
Avhere  such  a  system  Avas  established,  the  first  invader  could  not 
but  be  victorious,  because  he  found  recruits  in  every  house. 
The  kingdom  deserved  to  fall,  and  it  fell. 

The  Mahommedans  made  many  proselytes  in  Spain  as  well 


INTRODUCTION, 

as  every  where  else  where  thej  estabhshed  themselves.  But 
the  groAvth  and  decline  of  all  jNIahonimedan  empires  are  neces- 
sarily connected  with  the  civil  and  religious  institutions  of  Islam- 
ism,  and  may  be  traced  to  them. 

In  forming  a  new  religion,  Mahommed  aimed  at  making  its 
ritual  less  burthensome,  its  morality  more  indulgent,  and  its 
creed  more  rational  than  those  of  other  nations.  It  Avas  not 
however  enough  to  appeal  to  the  reason,  nor  even  to  the  passions 
of  mankind,  without  at  the  same  time  profiting  by  their  cre- 
dulity. To  the  Jews  he  announced  himself  as  the  Messiah,  the 
conqueror  in  whom  their  prophecies  centered  ;  to  the  Chris- 
tians as  the  Paraclete  who  Avas  to  accomplish  the  yet  unfulfilled 
system  of  revelation.  The  mere  robber  Avould  soon  have  been 
crushed,  the  mere  philosopher  would  have  been  neglected,  and 
he  Avho  had  attempted  to  preach  the  incommunicable  nature 
of  Deity  either  among  Pagan  or  Christian  Idolaters,  Avould  hardly 
have  escaped  death  as  a  blasphemer.  God  is  God,  Avas  a  tenet 
to  which  none  Avould  have  listened  Avithout  the  darinai:  addition 
that  Mahommed  Avas  his  prophet.  The  impiety  of  one  reason- 
able doubt  Avould  have  shocked  and  terrified  those  Avho  believed 
tlie  impudence  of  an  asserted  mission.  Reason  Avas  too  Aveak 
to  stand  alone,  and  clung  to  fanaticism  for  support. 

No  traces  of  a  disordered  mind  are  discoverable  either  in  the 
life  or  in  the  doctrines  of  Mahommed.  The  pure  theism  AAiiich  he 
preached  he  probably  believed ;  but  his  own  claims  proceeded, 
from  ambition,  not  from  self-deceit.  Persevering  in  his  object,  he 
varied  the  means,  and  never  scrupled  at  accommodating  his  insti- 
tutions to  the  established  prejudices  of  the  people.  At  first  Jcm- 
salem  aves  chosen  to  be  the  metropohs  of  his  religion,  and  the  point 
toward  Avhich  all  the  faithful  should  turn  their  faces  in  prayei". 
This  privilege  he  transferred  to  Mecca,  and  though  he  destroyed 
the  Idols  of  the  Caaba,,  he  suffered  the  black  stone  Avhich  was 


xvii 


Xviii  INTRODUCTION. 

the  great  object  of  idolatrous  worship,  to  retain  its  honours. 
Those  founders  or  reformers  of  rehgion  Avho  were  inspired,  and 
those  who  beUeved  themselves  to  be  so,  have  spared  neither  the 
prejudices,  nor  passions,  nor  feeUngs,  nor  instincts,  which  opposed 
them.  Mahommed  attempted  no  such  conquest  over  human 
nature:  he  did  not  feel  himself  strong  enough  to  conquer.  His 
conduct  displayed  the  versatility  of  a  statesman,  not  the  inflexi- 
bility of  an  honest  fanatic. 

The  Moslem,  in  proof  of  their  religion,  appeal  to  the  plenary 
and  manifest  inspiration  of  the  Koran.     They  rest  the  divinity  of 
their  holy  Book  upon  its  inimitable  excellence ;  but  .instead   of 
holding  it  to  be  divine  because  it  is  excellent,  they  believe  its 
excellence   because  they  admit  its  divinity.     There  is  nothing 
in  the  Koran  which  affects  the  feehngs,  nothing  which  elevates 
the  imagination,  nothing  which  enlightens  the   understanding, 
nothing  which  ameliorates  the  heart :  it  contains  no  beautiful 
narrative,   no  proverbs  of  Avisdom  or  axioms  of  morality ;  it  is  a 
chaos  of  detached  sentences,  a  mass  of  dull  tautology.     Not  a 
solitary  passage  to  indicate  the  genius  of  a  poet  can  be  found 
in  the  whole  volume.     Inspired  by  no  fanaticism,  of  a  meagre 
mind,  and  with  morals  of  open  and  impudent  profligacy,  Ma- 
hommed has  effected  a  revolution  which  in  its  ruinous  conse- 
quences still  keeps  in  barbarism  the  greatest  and  finest  part  of 
the  old  world.     His  were  common  talents,  and  it  is  by  common 
talents  that  great  revolutions  have  most  frequently  been  effected ; 
when  the  train  is  ready  there  needs  no  lightning  to  kindle  it, 
any  spark  suflices.     That  his  character  was  not  generally  mis- 
taken, is  evident  from  the  number  of  imitators  who  started  up : 
there  is  also  reason  to  suspect  that  it  Avas  as  well  understood  by 
many  of  his  friends  as  by  his  enemies.     Ali  indeed  believed  in 
liim  with  all  the  ardour  of  youth  and  affection ;  but  they  Avho 
were  convinced  by  the  sword  are  suspicious  converts,  and  among 


INTRODUCTION. 

these  are  Abbas  and  Amrou  and  Caled,  the  hoUest  heroes  of 
Islaniism.  Ambition  and  the  hope  of  plunder  soon  filled  his 
armies,  and  they  who  followed  him  for  these  motives  could 
teach  their  children  what  they  did  not  believe  themselves. 

The  political  and  moral  systeiii  of  the  Impostor,  if  system  it 
may  be  called,  is  such  as  might  be  expected  from  one  who 
aimed  only  at  his  own  aggrandizement,  and  had  no  generous 
views  or  hopes  beyond  it.  That  his  language  and  his  institutions 
liave  spread  together  is  not  to  be  attributed  to  him  :  this  great 
political  advantage  necessarily  arises  when  nations  are  either 
civilized  or  converted  by  force,  and  it  is  only  by  force  that  this 
religion  has  been  propagated ;  its  missionaries  have  marched  in 
armies,  and  its  only  martyrs  are  those  who  have  fallen  in  the 
field  of  battle.  Mahommed  attempted  nothing  like  a  fabric 
of  society :  he  took  abuses  as  he  found  them.  The  continuance 
of  polygamy  was  his  great  and  ruinous  error ;  where  this  perni- 
cious custom  is  established,  there  will  be  neither  connubial,  nor 
paternal,  nor  brotherly  affection ;  and  hence  the  unnatural 
murders  with  which  Asiatic  history  abounds.  The  Mahomme- 
dan  imprisons  his  wives,  and  sometimes  knows  not  the  faces 
of  his  own  children  ;  he  believes  that  despotism  must  be  neces- 
sary in  the  state,  because  he  knows  it  to  be  necessary  at  home : 
thus  the  domestic  tyrant  becomes  the  contented  slave,  and  the 
atrocity  of  the  ruler  and  the  patience  of  the  people  proceed 
from  the  same  cause.  It  is  the  inevitable  tendency  of  polygamy 
to  degrade  both  sexes;  wherever  it  prevails,  the  intercourse 
between  them  is  merely  sexual.  Women  are  only  instructed 
in  wantonness,  sensuality  becomes  the  characteristic  of  whole 
nations,  and  humanity  is  disgraced  by  crimes  the  most  loath- 
some and  detestable.  This  is  the  primary  and  general  cause 
of  that  despotism  and  degradation  which  are  universal  through- 
out  the  East :  not  climate,  or  the  mountaineers  would  be  free 


XIX 


ix 


Introduction. 


atid  virtuous  ;  not  religion,  ibr  through  all  the  changes  of  belief 
which  the  East  has  undergone,  the  evil  and  the  effect  have 
remained  the  same. 

Mahomiiied  inculcated  the  doctrine  of  fatalism,  because  it 
is  the  most  useful  creed  for  d  conciueror.  The  blind  passiveness 
which  it  causes  has  completed  the  degradation,  and  for  ever 
impeded  the  improvement  of  all  Mahommedan  nations.  They 
will  not  struggle  against  oppression,  for  the  same  reason  that  they 
will  not  avoid  the  infection  of  the  plague.  If  from  this  state  of 
stupid  jiatience  they  arc  provoked  into  a  paroxysm  of  brutal 
fury,  they  destit)y  the  tyrant ;  but  the  tyranny  remains  unaltered. 
Oriental  revolutions  are  like  the  casting  a  stone  into  a  stagnant 
pool ;  the  surface  is  broken  for  a  moment,  and  tlien  the  green 
weeds  close  over  it  again. 

Siich  a  system  can  produce  only  tyrants  and  slaves,  those  who 
are  watchful  to  commit  any  crime  for  power,  and  those  who  arc 
ready  to  endure  any  oppression  for  tranquillity.  A  barbarous 
and  desolating  ambition  has  been  the  sole  motive  of  their  con- 
quering chiefs ;  the  wisdom  of  thcii'  wisest  sovereigns  has  pro- 
duced nothing  of  public  benefit :  it  has  ended  in  idle  moralizings, 

ximacin.  aud  thc  latc  discovery  that  all  is  vanity.  One  Tyrant  at  the 
hour  of  death  asserts  the  equality  of  mankind;  another,  who  had 
attained  empire  by  his  crimes,  exposes  his  shroud  at  last,  and 
proclaims  that  now  nothing  but  that  is  left  him.  I  have  slain 
the  Princes  of  men,  said  Az^zud  ad  Dowlah,  and  have  laid  waste 
the  palaces  of  Kings.  I  have  dispersed  them  to  the  East  and 
scattered  them  to  the  West,  and  now  the  Grave  calls  me,  and 

fflmacin.  I  must  go !  aud  he  died  with  the  frequent  exclamation,  What 
avails  my  wealth?  my  empire  is  departing  from  me!...  When 
Mahmoud,  the  gi-eat  Gaznevide,  was  dying  of  consumption  in 
his  Palace  of  Happiness,  he  ordered  that  all  liis  treasures 
ShbuH  be  brought  out  to  amuse  him.     They  weie  laid  before 


p.  18i 


Jl.  298 


INTRODUCTION.  Xxi 

liiin,  silk  land  t^^pestrj,  jewels,  vessels  of  silver  and  gold,  cof- 
fers of  money,  the  spoils  of  the  nations  whom  he  had  plundered  : 
it  was  the  spectacle  of  a  whole  day,,  .but  pride  yielded  to  the 
stronger  feelino;  of  nature ; . .  Mahmoud  recollected  that  he  was 

.  .  .  Marigny. 

in  his  mortal  sickness,  and  wept  and  nioralized  upon  tjie  vanity  ^"^  <'«• 
of  the  world-  '•*"• 

It  were  wearying  to  dwell  upon  the  habitual  crimes  of  which 
their  history  is  composed ;  we  may  estimate  their  guilt  by  what 
is  said  of  their  virtues.  Of  all  the  Abbassides,  none  but  Mutaded 
equalled  Almanzor  in  goodness.  A  slave  one  day,  when  fanning 
away  the  flies  from  him,  struck  off  his  turban,  upon  which  Mu- 
taded only  remarked  tl^t  the  boy  Avas  sleepy;  but  the  Vizir 
who  was  present  fell  down  and  kissed  the  ground,  and  exclaimed, 

0  Commander  of  the  Faithful,  I  never  heard  of  such  a  thing ! 

1  did  not  think  such    clemency  had  been  possible  ! . .  for  it  was  j^^^^^ 
the  custom  of  this  Caliph,  when  a  slave  displeased  him,  to  have  Kr^^"** 
the  offender  buried  alive.  *"■  '"* 

The  Maliommedan  sovereigns  have  suffered  their  just  punish- 
ment ;  they  have  been  miserable  as  well  as  wicked-     For  others 
they  can  feel  no  sympathy,  and  have  learnt  to  take  no  interest : 
for  themselves  there  is  nothing  but  fear ;  their  situation  excludes 
them  from  hope,  and  they  have  the  perpetual  sense  of  danger, 
and  the  dread   of  that  inevitable  hour  wherein  there  shall    bp 
no  distinction  of  persons.     This  fear  they  have  felt  and  confess- 
pd  ;  in  youth  it  has  embittered  enjoyment,  and  it  has  made  age 
dreadful.    A  dream,  or  the  chance  words  of  a  song,  or  the  figures 
of  the  tajjestry,  have  terrified  them  into  tears.     Haroun  Al  Ras- 
chid  opened   a  volume   of  poems,   and   read,    Where    are   the 
Kings,  and  where  are  the  rest  of  the  world  .^   They  are  gone  the 
way  which  thou    shalt   go.     O  thou  who  chusest  a  perishable 
world,  and  callest  him  happy  whom  it  glorifies,  take  what  th/e 
world  can  give  thee,  but  death  is  at  the  end !     And  at  these 


p.  153. 


^^•-  -  INTRODUCTION. 

Eimacin.     woFtls,  hc  wlio  had  murdered  Yahia  and  the  Barmecides,  wept 

aloud. 

In  these  barbarous  monarchies  the  people  are  indolent,  be- 
cause if  they  acquire  wealth  they  dare  not  enjoy  it.     Punishment 
produces  no  shame,  for  it  is  intlicted  by  caprice  not  by  justice. 
They  who  are  rich  or  powerful  become  the  victims  of  rapacity 
or  fear.     If  a  battle  or  fortress    be   lost,    the   Commander  is 
punished  for  his  misfortune ;  if  he  become  popular  for  his  vic- 
tories, he  incurs  the  jealous}^  and  hatred  of  the  ruler.     Nor  is 
it  enough  that  Avealth,  and  honour,  and  existence  are  at  the 
Despot's  mercy ;  the  feelings   and  instincts   mu-jt  yield   at  his 
command.     If  he  take  the  son  for  his  eunuch,  and  the  daugh- 
ter  for  his  concubine ;  if  he  order  the  father   to   execute    the 
child,  it  is  what  Destiny  has  appointed,  and  the  Mahommedan 
says,  . .  God's  will  be  done.     But  insulted  humanity  has  not  un- 
frequently  been  provoked  to  take  vengeance ;  the  monarch  is 
always  in  danger,  because  the  subject  is  never  secure  ;  these  are 
the  consequences  of  that  absolute  power  and  passive  obedience 
which  have  resulted  from    the  doctrines  of  Mahommed  ;  and 
this  is  the  state  of  society  wherever  his  religion  has  been  esta- 
blished. 

But  when  Islamism  entered  Spain,  it  was  in  its  youth  and 
vigour ;  its  destructive  principles  had  not  yet  had  time  to  deve- 
lope  themselves ;  and  its  military  apostles  could  safely  challenge 
corrupted  Christianity  to  a  comparison  of  creeds.  No  nation 
had  yet  been  able  to  resist  them  ;  they  had  gone  on  from  victory 
to  victory.  With  the  majority  of  mankind  the  successful  cause 
passes  for  the  right  one ;  and  when  there  were  so  many  motives 
for  conversion,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  the  greater  num- 
ber of  the  Spanish  Goths  became  converts  to  a  triumphant  faith. 
When  in  the  first  years  of  that  faith  Amrou  led  an  army  against 
Gaza,  the  Governor  asked,  for  what  reason  the  city  was  attacked. 


INTRODUCTION.  Xxiil 

Our  Master,  replied  Amrou,  has  sent  us  to  conquer  you,  unless 
ye  receive  our  religion;  do  this  and  ye  shall  be  our  companions 
and  brethren.  If  ye  refuse  this,  pay  a  yearly  tribute  for  ever,  and 
we  will  protect  you  against  all  invaders.  If  neither  of  these  terms  Eimadn. 
be  accepted,  there  can  be  only  the  sword  between  us,  and  we 
must  war  upon  you  in  obedience  to  the  command  of  the  Lord. 
This  was  the  system  of  the  Mahommedans,  and  hitherto  no 
policy  could  have  succeeded  better.  The  Christians  Avho  re- 
tained their  religion  became  a  kind  of  Helots,  who  supplied  the 
revenue  and  cultivated  the  land  ;  they  were  every  Avhere  the 
minority,  and  as  IVIahommedan  states  grew  round  them  on  all 
sides,  it  was  not  long  before  thej^  disappeared.  The  Moors 
found  the  same  obsequiousness  in  Spain  as  they  had  done  in 
Africa  and  in  the  East.  The  main  part  of  the  men  apostatized, 
and  the  women  contentedly  learnt  a  new  creed,  to  qualify  tliem- 
selves  for  foreign  husbands,  or  for  the  renegados  who  profited 
by  the  ruin  of  their  country.  But  there  yet  remained  Gothic 
valour  and  Gothic  genius.  Pelayo  baffled  them  with  a  troop 
of  mountaineers,  the  Avreck  and  remnant  of  the  nation.  This 
hero  was  strengthened  by  the  accident  of  his  royal  descent ; 
but  it  was  not  for  his  birth  that  his  fellow  soldiers  lifted 
him  upon  a  shield,  and  in  the  hour  of  difficulty  and  danger 
acclaimed  him  King.  In  a  strong  countr}^  Avith  the  defiles  of 
which  he  was  well  acquainted,  he  maintained  himself  against 
the  neighbouring  Moors.  His  own  weakness  was  his  best  security  : 
foes  like  these  were  beneath  the  notice  of  the  conqueror;  he 
who  had  overthrown  the  kingdom  of  the  Goths  did  not  stop 
to  exterminate  a  handful  of  banditti.  Once  already  had  Musa 
crost  the  Pyrenees  and  advanced  as  far  as  Carcassonne :  he  now 
proposed  to  overrun  France,  proceed  through  Germany  and 
,  Hungary  to  Constantinople,,  and  by  this  line  of  conquests,  con- 
nect Spain  with  the  Saracen  empire.     For  this  enterprize  he  was 


xxiv  INTRODUCTION. 

preparing  when  a  courier  seized  the  bridle  of  his  horse,  and 
commanded  him  in  the  CaUph's  name  to  set  out  for  Damascus. 
There  was  retribution  in  this.  Musa  had  imprisoned  Tarif 
because  he  envied  his  glory ;  he  himself  was  now  arrested  in 
his  own  career,  and  detained  in  Syria,  Avhile  secret  orders  were 
sent  to  destroy  his  whole  family.  All  who  were  in  Africa  were 
cut  off.  His  son  Abdalazis,  a  man  worthy  of  a  better  fate,  had 
been  left  governor  in  Spain ;  but  the  commanders  of  every  town 
at  this  time  exercised  independant  authority,  and  his  power 
was  little  more  than  nominal.  To  strengthen  himself  by  concili- 
ating the  Christians,  he  married  Egilona,  widow  of  the  late  King ; 

Bieda.i.3.  her  foolish  bigotry  was  one  occasion  of  his  ruin.  Finding  it 
impossible  to  convert  her  husband,  she  placed  saint-images  in 
all  her  apartments,  and  made  the  doors  so  low  that  he  could 
not  enter,  without  bowing  his  head  before  her  idols.  The  Moor- 
ish Chiefs  interpreted  this  as  an  artifice  on  his  part  to  entrap 
them  into  a  gesture  which  was  an  acknowledgment  of  their  infe- 
riority. His  views  were  too  generous  for  their  comprehension. 
He  wished  to  introduce  the  Gothic  forms  of  freedom,  and  with 
that  view  assembled  them  in  a  Cortes.  They  murdered  him, 
that  the  anarchy  might  continue.     His  head  was  sent  to  Da- 

Cardmne.u  mascus,  aud  the  Caliph  bade  Musa  look,  if  he  knew  the  face. 

p-  —  •  rpj^g  broken  hearted  old  man  retired  to  Mecca,  seeking  there  for 
that  consolation,  which,  such  is  the  blessed  nature  of  religion, 
every  religion  however  corrupted,  can  in  some  degree  bestow ; 
and  there  he  ended  his  days. 
V  Spain  was  so  distant  from  the  capital  of  the  Caliphs,  that  they 
were  continually  exerting  their  authority  there,  lest  their  weak- 
ness should  be  discovered.  For  tliis  reason  it  Avas  their  policy 
frequently  to  change  the  Governor,  a  system  every  way  perni- 
cious, which  allowed  integrity  no  time  to  be  useful,  and  hurried 
avarice  into  rapacity.     A  few  plundering  expeditions  were  made 


136. 
erreras. 
.  4..p.60. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXV 

be3T)nd  the  P^^enees,  while  tyranny  and  extortion  provoked 
frequent  commotions  at  home.  At  length  Abderrahman,  as 
well  to  employ  a  restless  people  as  to  gratify  his  own  ambition, 
collected  a  prodigious  army,  and  burst  into  France.  The  cause 
of  civilized  society  has  never  been  exposed  to  equal  danger, 
since  the  Athenians  preserved  it  at  Salamis.  Charles  Martel 
met  him  by  Tours,  and  destroyed  him  and  his  army.  To  re- 
venge this  defeat  was  for  awhile  the  great  object  of  the  Moors, 
and  Christendom  was  still  saved  by  the  same  hero.  Dissen- 
sions broke  out  between  the  original  conquerors,  and  the  Moors 
who  had  flocked  over  from  Africa :  an  army  of  Syrians  was 
called    in,  and    they   soon   became    a  third    party.    ISIeantime  cardonnt.^ 

136. 

Pelayo  and  the  Spaniards  strengthened  themselves  in  Astunas.  Fem 
Wherever  they  advanced  the}-^  found  a  number  of  Christians 
ready  to  assist  in  recovering  their  country.  Under  Alonso  the  Moraiet.13. 
Catholic,  they  became  formidable,  and  then  in  their  turn  weak- 
ened themselves.  His  successor,  Froyla,  murdered  one  brother, 
and  was  himself  murdered  by  another,  who  seized  the  throne. 
The  insecure  Usurper  made  himself  vassal  to  the  Moors,  and 
his  only  wars  were  against  the  slaves  in  his  own  kingdom,  who 
had  risen  upon  their  Christian  masters.  Bieda.3.a. 

The  revolution  which  established  the  Abbassides  in  Syria, erect- 
ed another  dynasty  and  a  new  empire  in  Spain.  Abdoulrahman, 
one  of  the  Ommiadcs,  fled  from  the  massacre  of  his  family,  and 
hid  himself,  with  his  child  and  his  brother,  in  a  forest  beside  the 
Euphrates.  They  were  discovered,  the  boy  was  slain,  the  two  a.d.  749. 
brethren  rode  into  the  river.  One,  allured  by  the  promise  of  his 
pursuers  to  spare  him,  turned  back  from  the  dangerous  passage, 
and  was  immediately  murdered.  Abdoulrahman  swam  on,  and  oardmnt. 
effected  his  escape.  He  got  into  Africa,  and  had  found  adhe- 
rents there  who  promised  to  protect  him  against  the  Governor, 
when  deputies  came  over  from  the  Spanish  Moors  to  invite  him 


1.  181. 


^^^j  INTRODUCTION. 

to  the  kingdom  of  Spain  as  his  inheritance.  His  reign  was  a 
perpetual  warfare  against  those  who  transferred  their  loyalty  with 
the  throne  of  the  Caliphs,  or  against  chiefs  who  fought  for  their 
own  affojandizement,  and  called  it  the  cause  of  the  Abbassides. 
Almanzor  made  one  direct  effort,  and  sent  Ala  Avith  troops  from 
Africa,  and  the  whole  weight  of  his  authority,  to  destroy  the  last 
of  a  rival  race.  He  was  at  Mecca  Avhen  the  head  of  Ala,  salt- 
ed and  filled  Avith  camphor,  was  nailed  against  his  palace 
door,  and  the  sight  made  him  rejoice  that  the  sea  rolled  between 

cardo,me.  lum  and  his  enemy.  The  Ommiade  triumphed  over  every 
opposer;   established  his  throne  at  Cordova,  and  left  the  un- 

A.D.  787.  disputed  sovereignty  of  all  the  Spanish  Moors  to  his  son.  The 
race  of  Abdoulrahman  should  not  go  without  their  fame.  An 
astrologer  predicted  to  his  successor  Haccham,  a  happy  and 
glorious  reign,  but  only  of  eight  years.  In  the  belief  of  this 
prediction  he  reigned  with  the  wholesome  fear  of  death  before 
his  eyes,  and  no  act  of  injustice  or  cruelty  is  of  him  recorded. 
Two  elder  brethren,  to  whom  he  had  been  wisely  preferred  by 
his  father,  attempted  to  dethrone  him  :  he  subdued  them,  and 
then  settled  ample  revenues  upon  these  dangerous  rivals,  when 
they  were  at  his  mercy.  Haccham's  armies  Avere  filled  by  sol- 
diers who  loved  him ;  and  Avhen  a  father  died,  the  sons  received 
liis  pay  till  they  also  Avere  of  an  age  to  serve.  The  Christians 
resisted  him  Avith  courage ;  but  he  pursued  them  into  their 
mountains,  and  burnt  the  palace  of  their  Kings,  and  so  reduced 
them,  that  Avhen  a  Avealthy  Moor  bequeathed  his  treasures  to 
ransom  his  countrymen  Avho  Avere  in  captivity  among  the 
Spaniards,  none  could  be  found  to  profit  by  the  bequest.  The 
Pyrenees  did  not  bound  his  exploits ;  he  completed  the  great 
Mosque  at  Cordova  Avith  the  spoils  of  Narbonne.     The  liberality 

carrfoi.n«.i.  of  tliis  Caliph  Avas  as  dangerous  to  the  Christians  as  his  arms. 

Ro^rJi^n.    Of  his  body  guard,  Avhich  consisted  of  five  thousand  men,  three 

r-  38.        thousand  Avere  renegades. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXvii 

The  reisin  of  the  second  Haccham  was  more  troubled.  Al- 
ways  in  arms  either  against  the  Leonese,  or  his  own  rebelhous 
subjects,  he  was  ahke  terrible  to  both.  A  revolt  threw  Toledo 
into  the  hands  of  the  Christians,  who  were  too  feeble  to  keep  the 
metropolis  which  they  had  thus  recovered.  Another  mutiny 
of  the  citizens  incensed  Haccham,  and  the  vengeance  which  he 
planned  was  in  the  spirit  and  upon  the  scale  of  Asiatic  barba- 
rity. Their  lellow  citizen  Amrouz  was  made  Governor;  he 
lured  the  atfections  of  the  people,  and  tempted  them  to  plot 
another  rebellion  in  which  he  should  be  their  leader ;  and  he 
persuaded  them  that  a  citadel  would  be  necessary  for  their  de- 
fence. They  built  one,  and  within  it,  a  palace  for  their  new 
Chief.  This  citadel  was  designed  to  keep  the  people  in  obedi- 
ence, and  Amrouz  m  ide  the  workmen  dig  a  pit  secretly  within 
the  walls,  deep  and  wide  and  long.  When  every  thing  was 
prepared,  Haccham  sent  his  son  to  Toledo,  on  some  specious 
pretext.  Amrouz  entertained  him  and  invited  all  Avho  pos- 
sessed either  authority  or  influence  in  the  town  to  a  feast.  As  roj.  a™. 
they  entered,  they  were  seized  ;  the  massacre  lasted  from  morn-  c.  22. 23. 

•    1       ■•  1  Cardonne 

ing  till  mid-day,  and  the  ready  orave  was  filled  with  five  thousand  '■  24s. 
bodies.  No  provocation  can  palliate  a  crime  like  this ;  yet  all  '«• 
that  his  subjects  complained  of  in  Haccham,  were  his  sloth,  his 
excesses  at  table,  and  above  all  his  love  of  wine.  New  mutinies 
excited  him  to  new  cruelty  :  meantime  the  Christians  insulted 
his  border.  A  female  Moor  as  she  was  led  away  into  captivity, 
called  upon  Haccham  to  deliver  her.  Her  appeal  was  reported 
to  him,  and  it  roused  his  pride.  He  entered  the  Christian  terri- 
tories at  the  head  of  a  victorious  army,  sought  out  the  v/oman, 
and  with  his  own  hand  broke  her  chains.  Cardmneu 

255. 

A  second  Abdoulrahman  succeeded.  He  is  called  the  Victo- 
rious, though  he  was  more  fortunate  against  his  own  rebellious 
subjects  than  against  the  Christians,  who  gained  upon  his  fron- 

d 


^Xyiij  •  INTRODUCTION. 

tier,  or  the  Normans  who  pkxndered  his  coast.    Mahommed,  the 
next  in  succession,  left  thirty  three  sons  ;  one  of  his  forty  four 
brethren  broke  the  line  of  inheritance  and  seized  his  nephew's 
throne.     The  Usurper  was  the  third  Abdoulrahnian,  the  most 
magnificent  of  the  Moorish  Kings  of  Spain.    His  history  is  like  a 
tale  of  Eastern  splendour,  with  an  Eastern  moral  at  the  end. 
To  gratify  the  vanity  of  a  favourite  slave,  he  built  a  town  and 
called  it  after  her  name,  Zehra,   which  signifies  the  ornament 
of  the  world.     There  were  in  its  palace  a  thousand  and  fourteen 
columns  of  African  and  Spanish  marble,  nineteen  from  Italian 
quarries,  and  a  hundred  and  forty  beautiful  enough  to  be  pre- 
sents from  the  Greek  Emperor.     The  marble  walls  of  the  Hall 
of  the  Caliph  were  inlaid  with  gold ;   birds  and  beasts   of  gold, 
studded   with  jewels,  spouted  Avater  into  a  marble  bason  in  its 
centre ;  the  bason  was  the  work  of  the  best  Greek  sculptors, 
and    above  it  hung   the   great   pearl   which  had  been  sent  to 
Abdoulrahnian  by  the  Emperor  Leon.     The  extent  of  the  build- 
ings may  be  imagined  by  the  size  of  his  seraglio,  which  contained 
six    thousand   three  hundred   persons.     This   was  his  favourite 
abode.     After  the  chase,   to  which  twelve  thousand  horsemen 
always  accompanied  him,  he  used  to  rest  in  a  pavilion  in  the 
gardens  ;  the  pillars  were  of  pure  Avhite  marble,  the  floor  of  gold 
and  steel  and  jewelry,  and  in  the  midst  there  was  a  fountain  of 
quicksilver.    Yet  Abdoulrahnian  left  a  writing  which  contained 
this  testimony  against  the  vanity  of  the  world.     From  the  mo- 
ment when  I  began  to  reign,  I  have  recorded  those  days  in  which 
I  enjoyed  real  and  undisturbed  pleasure  :  they  amount  to  four- 
teen.    Mortal  man,  consider  what  this  world  is,  and  what  depen- 
dance  is  to  be  placed   upon   its   enjoyments!    Nothing  seems 
wanting  to  my  happiness  ; . .  riches,  honours,  to  say  every  thing, 
sovereign  power.    I  am  feared  and  esteemed  by  my  contempo- 
rary princes,  they  envy  my  good  fortune,  they  are  jealous  of 


INTRODUCTION.  ^_- 

XXIX 

my  glory,  they  solicit  my  friendship.  Fifty  years  have  I  reigrred, 
and  in  so  long  a  course  of  time  can  count  but  fourteen  days 
which  have  not  been  poisoned  by  some  vexation.  c<.rrf«,„e,. 

The  reign  of  his  son  Haccham  was  short  and  splendid  and 
peaceful.     He   wanted    to   enlarge    his    palace    at   Zehra:    the 
ground  adjoining  was  the  property  of  a  poor  M'oman,  who  would 
not  for  any  price  sell  the  inheritance  of  her  fathers ;  the  work- 
men took  possession  by  force,  and  she  went  to  the  Cadi  Ibn 
Bechir   with  her  complaint.     Ibn    Bechir   took    a  larae  sack, 
mounted  his  ass,  and  rode  to  the  Caliph,  whom  he  found  sitting 
in  a  pavilion  which  had  been   built  upon  the   place ;  he  pros- 
trated himself  and  asked  permission  to  fill  the  sack  with  earth. 
Having  obtained  leave,  he  tilled  it,  and  then  requested  the  Prince 
would  help  him  to  lift  it  up  upon  the  ass.    Haccham  attempt- 
ed, but  fonnd  it  too  heavy.     Prince,  then  said  the  Cadi,  this 
is  but  a  small  part  of  that  land  whereof  you  have  wrongfully 
deprived  one  of  your  subjects  ; . .  how  will  you  at  the  last  judg- 
ment bear  the  burthen  of  the  Avhole  !     He  restored  the  ground, 
and  gave  with  it  the  buildings  which  had  already  been  erected 
there.  cardonnci. 

The  Christians  acquired  strength  during  the  disturbed  reign 
of  the  second  Haccham.  A  race  of  able  kings  succeeded 
Alfonso  the  Chaste.  Ramiro,  Ordono,  and  another  Alfonso, 
called  the  Great:  then  came  a  feebler  line,  and  the  Christians 
were  divided.  New  states  were  erected  in  Navarre,  in  Catalonia, 
and  in  Aragon :  if  these  sometimes  rivalled  the  Kings  of  Leon 
they  were  more  dangerous  to  the  Moors,  and  the  conunon  cause 
was  strengthened.  But  the  separation  of  Castille  from  Leon, 
was  a  dismemberment,  an  actual  loss  of  strength.  The  bond  of 
unity  once  broken,  jealousies  and  wars  followed,  and  the  example 
was  mischievous.  Galicia  was  ambitious  of  becoming  indepen- 
dant  like  Castille,  and  frequent  rebellions  were  the  consequence. 


34D. 


XXX 


INTRODUCTION. 

Abdoulrahman  profited  little  by  these  dissensions :  his  power 
was  employed  in  gratifying  a  passion  for  splendour,  for  wiiich 
he  is  better  remembered  than  he  aaouM  have  been  for  a  life  of 
greater  activity.  His  son  made  only  one  campaign.  A  sickly 
boy  succeeded  him.  IMahommed,  who  was  aj^pointed  his  guar- 
dian, was  called  after  the  manner  of  the  Orientals,  Alhagib,  or 
the  Eyelid  ;  he  soon  acquired  and  deserved  the  name  of  Alman- 
zor,  the  Victorious,  by  which  he  is  remembered  in  history.  The 
genius  of  this  man  well  nigh  proved  fatal  to  the  Spanish  Chris- 
tians, weakened  as  they  were  by  their  own  divisions.  The 
Leonese  looked  on  with  unconcern  or  with  satisfaction  while  he 
ravaged  Castille,  and  the  Castillians  Avere  consoled  when  Leon 
suffered  in  its  turn.  Two  and  fifty  times  did  he  lead  his  armies 
into  their  country,  and  return  with  their  spoils.  Such  terror 
had  he  struck  into  them,  that  Bermudo  retreated  with  the  seat 
of  oovernment  from  Leon  back  amons  the  mountains  to  Oviedo, 
the  bodies  of  the  Kings  his  predecessors  were  taken  from  their 
graves  and  removed,  and  the  relicks  of  the  Saints  and  ISIartyrs 
packed  up  for  flight.  This  fear  was  not  without  cause.  Alman- 
zor  appeared  before  the  Avails.  Count  Guillen  Avas  in  the  city, 
so  far  spent  Avith  sickness  that  he  could  not  stand  ;  nevertheless 
Avhen  he  heard  that  the  Moors  had  made  a  breach,  he  ordered 
his  men  to  arm  him  and  carry  him  in  his  bed  to  the  place  of 
danger.  There  he  encouraged  the  Leonese,  more  by  his  pre- 
sence than  by  his  Aveak  efibrts  ;  but  there  he  maintained  the 
breach  three  days,  and  there,  Avhen  another  quarter  had  been 
forced,  he  perished,  SAVord  in  hand,  in  his  bed.  The  conqueror 
carried  his  arais  farther  and  ravaged  Galicia.  Santiago,  the 
tutelary  Saint  of  Spain,  the  God  of  their  battles,  could  not 
defend  his  OAvn  Church.  Almanzor  sent  the  great  bells  from 
Compostella  to  be  his  trophies,  and  hung  them  up  as  lamps 
in  the  Mosque  of  Cordova.     During  one  of  his  expeditions,  the 


INTRODUCTION.  XXxi 

Christians  took  advantage  of  a  fall  of  snoAV,  and  occupied  the 
mountain  passes  to  intercept  his  return.  The  Moor  calmly  pitched 
his  camp  in  the  \alley,  and  prepared  to  make  it  his  dwelling 
place.  He  ploughed  and  sowed  the  ground,  and  so  harrassed 
the  country  behind  him,  that  the  Christians  offered  him  a  price  Borf-  xim. 

.  ^  Hist.Avai. 

for  his  commg  harvest,  and  implored  him  to  depart.  ^i. 

They  who  could  not  triumph  over  him  while  Ha  ing,  insulted 
him  with  lying  legends  when  he  was  no  more.  They  asserted 
that  the  Saints  whose  churches  he  had  profaned,  struck  him 
with  his  mortal  sickness,  and  that  Avhen  he  died  the  Devil 
was  heard  bewailing  him  along  the  banks  of  the  Guadakjuivir. 
But  the  Moors  wrote  truly  upon  his  monument,  ^Vhat  he  was  Cor.Gm.a. 
is  seen  in  his   actions  ;  such  a  Defender  of  Spain  will  not  be  ^'''""  "p^^ 

^  ^  ,  Casiri.  t,  -2. 

found  after  him.  p-*^. 

Yet  the  ascendanc}^  which  Almanzor  obtained  by  these  tri- 
umphs eventually  ruined  the  Spanish  Moors.  Their  King  had  still 
the  nominal  authority ;  Avhatever  splendour  his  state  required, 
and  whatever  luxuries  could  tend  to  amuse  or  effeminate  him,  were 
amply  afforded  him  ;  but  he  was  actually  a  prisoner  ;  he  never 
went  beyond  the  precincts  of  the  palace,  and  none  except 
the  governor's  friends  Avere  admitted  to  see  him.  For  a  cha- 
racter thus  helpless  and  enfeebled,  the  people  could  feel  no 
respect ;  and  they  repeatedly  offered  the  throne  to  Almanzor ; 
he  was  satisfied  with  the  substantial  sovereignty  which  he  enjoy- 
ed, nor  could  he  be  tempted  by  the  wish  of  leaving  a  legitimate 
title  to  his  son  Abdalmelic,  a  man  not  unworthy  of  such  a 
father.  That  son  was  supported  during  a  short  administration  mm.Ann. 
by  his  own  moderation  and  his  father's  fame.  Ilis  brother,  who  ''''^''"'''•'■ 
succeeded,  had  less  talent  and  less  virtue ;  he  usurped  the  royal 
title,  abused  his  power,  and  Avas  soon  destroyed.  Civil  wars 
ensued ;  the  Spanish  INIoors  espoused  the  cause  of  one  adven- 
turer, the  Africans  who  had  flocked  to  follow  Almanzor's  victo- 


10.  C.2. 


XXXll 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ties,  fouoht  for  another ;  the  race  of  Abtlouh-ahn-.an  was  cut  off, 

Mom.  1. 12.  and  his  eniiMro  Avas  divided.    Tlie  petty  tyrant  of  every  town  now 

''^''        called  himself  King,  and  crimes  and   miseries  multi])lied  with 

the  title.     The  lower  the  sceptre  sunk,  the  more  hands  were 

stretched  out  to  reach  it.     Ambition    takes  no  warninsr  from 

example.    Hynieya,  one  of  these  wretches,  asked  the  Cordovans 

to  make  him  King,  just  as  the  last  puppet  had  been  murdered. 

They  replied,  Do  you  not  see  the  tumidt4.ious  state  of  the  city  ? 

Kod.rim.    the    populace    will    destroy  you.       Obev   me  to-day,  said    he, 

Hiit.  At.  '       '  '  "  1  f 

p"-  and  kill  me  to-morrow.  Such  was  the  drunken  lust  for  power. 
I'lie  Moors  brought  with  them  into  Spain  the  causes  of  their 
own  destruction, . .  despotism  and  })olygamy  ;  consumptive  prin- 
ciples, which  suffered  indeed  the  body  to  mature,  but  when 
the  growing  energy  had  ceased,  innnediately  began  their  morbid 
and  mortal  action.  These  causes  produced  their  inevitable 
effects,  the  war  of  brother  against  brother,  the  revolt  of  towns  and 
provinces,  the  breaking  up  of  kingdoms.  The  S])aniards  mean- 
time were  free  ;  they  were  inferior  in  numbers,  they  were  less 
civilized  than  their  enemies,  and  their  history  is  sullied  by  acts 
of  worse  barbarity  ; . .  but  they  were  a  Christian  and  a  free  peo- 
ple. The  moral  institutions  of  Christianity  gave  them  a  decided 
and  increasing  advantage.  Even  its  corruptions  were  in  their 
favour.  Mahommed  won  his  first  victory  by  calling  for  an  army 
of  Angels,  when  his  troops  were  giving  way.  He  gallopped 
forward,  and  casting  a  handful  of  sand  among  the  enemy,  ex- 
claimed, Let  their  faces  be  covered  with  confusion!  The  Moslem 
believed  that  the  armies  of  God  obeyed  his  call,  and  in  that 
faith  they  were  victorious.  The  deliverers  of  Spain  encouraged 
their  followers  by  coarser  frauds  ;  a  hermit  had  promised  them 
victory, . .  or  they  had  seen  visions, . .  or  the  Cross  which  was 
their  banner,  had  appeared  to  them  in  the  sky.  The  invention 
of  a  tutelary   Saint  to  fight  their  battles,  not  metaphorically. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXxiii 

but  in  person,  was  a  bolder  and  more  animating  fiction.  Ra- 
mii-o  had  fought  a  whole  day  long  with  the  iMoors;  he  kept 
the  field  at  night  with  a  broken  and  dispirited  army,  who  were 
compelled  to  abide  the  next  morning's  danger,  because  they 
were  surrounded  and  could  not  fly.  The  King  called  them 
together,  and  told  them  that  Santiago  had  appeared  to  him 
in  a  dream,  and  had  promised  to  be  Avith  them  in  the  bat- 
tle, visibly  and  bodily,  on  a  white  steed,  bearing  a  white  ban- 
ner with  a  red  cross.  The  Leonese,  who  before  this  had  lost 
all  hope,  began  the  attack,  shouting  God  and  Santiago.  A 
knight  led  them  on,  riding  a  white  steed,  and  bearing  a  white 
banner  with  a  bloody  cross.  They  utterly  defeated  the  IMoors. 
A  general  tribute  in  bread  and  wine  was  granted  to  the  Saint's 
church  for  ever,  and  a  knight's  portion  from  the  spoils  of  every 
victory  which  the  Christians  should  gain. 

This  pious  fraud  was  the  resource  of  genius  in  distress ;  but 
it  had  been  preluded  by  deceit,  and  was  systematized  into  a 
national  mythology.  The  body  of  Santiago  had  been  disco- 
vered under  Ramiro's  predecessor;  his  grandson  Alfonso  rebuilt 
the  church  of  the  Apostle  with  greater  magnificence  than  the 
Christian  Kings  before  him  had  ever  displayed ;  and  its  priest- 
hood exercised  their  ingenuity  in  inventing  legends  to  the  honour 
of  their  patron  Saint,  and  to  their  own  emolument.  This  they 
did  so  successfully  that  Compostella  became  the  great  point 
of  European  pilgrimage.  The  merit  of  this  pilgrimage  was 
enhanced  by  the  difficulty  and  danger  of  the  journey;  the  pil- 
grims soon  became  so  numerous  that  parties  of  Moorish,  and  per- 
haps also  of  Christian  banditti,  associated  to  plunder  them.. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Canons  of  St.  Eloy  erected  guest-houses 
for  their  acconunodation  along  the  road  fiom  France,  and 
money  and  estates  were  often  bequeathed  to  endow  them  by 
individuals  and  princes.     After  their  example  a  few  hidalgos 


^^y^\y  INTRODUCTION. 

Avho  were  equally  devout  and  warlike,  joined  their  property, 
and  formed  themselves  into  a  religious  brotherhood  for  the 
purpose  of  protecting  the  pilgrims.  War  never  stops  at  defence- 
K.r,.n75.  They  soon  found  it  their  duty  to  attack  the  Misbelievers  :  and 
hence,  about  fourscore  years  after  the  death  of  the  Cid,  arose 
the   order  of  Santiago,  which  was  so  long  the   scourge  of  the 


Mariana.         --  ^ 

i.  n.c.  12.  Moors. 


A  regular  system  of  deceit  practised  by  the  priests  for  their 
own  immediate  interest,  continually  freshened  and  invigorated 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  people.    To  obtain  the  profits  of  a  favour- 
ite  altar,  was  the  motive  which  influenced  the    inventor  of  a 
Martyr's  body,  or  of  an  Image ;  but  Avhen  Chapels  were  thus 
founded,  cities  sometimes  grew.     A  shepherd  told  his  fellows 
that  he  had  followed  a  dove  towards  a  rock,  Avhither  by  her 
frequent  flight,   and    turning  back  to  him  upon  the  wing,  she 
seemed  to  invite  him :  there  he  had  discovered  a  cavern  and  an 
image  of  the  Virgin,  at  .whose  feet  the  Dove  remained  undis- 
turbed,  being    conscious   of  divine  protection.     Such  was   the 
devotion  of  the  people  that  a  town  was   soon  built  there.    St. 
Moret.^nn.  Maria  la  Blanca  was  deserted  by    all   its   inhal)itants  for  this 
dewt.  1.  YyQ\[QY  place  of  residence,  but  the  priests  and   people  go  yearly 
among  its  ruins  to  perform  a  service  for  the  souls  of  their  fore- 
fathers who  are  buried  there.    A  pious  Spaniard  employed  his  life 
in  improvingthe  great  road  to  Compostella,  opening  thickets  and 
building  bridges  along  the  way.     About  twenty  paces  from  his 
little  hermitage  he  made  his  own  tomb.     The  pilgrims  gratitude 
did  not  cease  when  their  benefactor  died.    His  tomb  became  a 
place  of  popular  devotion;    a  splendid  church  was   at  length 
erected  over   it,    and  that  church  is  now  the  Cathedral  of  a 
City,   which  is  called   St.    Domingo    de  la  Calzada,  after  his 
mZ-VL.'  '  name.    A  hermit,  by  name  Juan,  fixed  his  dwellino;  on  Mount 
638.         Uruela,  not  far  from  Jaca :    he  built  a  chapel  on  one  of  its 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXV 

summits,  and  dedicated  it  to  John  the  Baptist.  Four  other 
Monks  joined  him  :  the  fame  of  their  piety  was  bruited  abroad, 
and  their  chapel  became  the  chosen  spot  for  the  devotion 
of  the  Christians  round  about.  When  Juan  died  a  areat 
muhitude  assembled  at  his  funeral ;  six  hundred  hidalgos  were 
among  them ;  they  saw  their  numbers  and  the  strength  of  the 
country ;  the  feeling  which  had  brought  them  together  excited 
them,  they  elected  a  leader,  and  founded  the  kingdom  of  ISa- 

vnrrf.  Mariana. 

varre*  i.  g.  c.  i. 

The  local  deities  whom  their  Pagan  ancestors  had  worshipped 
were  less  numerous  than  the  Saints  who  patronized  the  churches 
of  the  Spanish  Christians.  Every  town,  almost  every  village, 
had  been  hallowed  by  the  death  or  burial  of  ISlartyrs,  to  whose 
wonder-working  bodies  the  faithful  were  led  sometimes  by  the 
song  of  Angels,  more  frequently  by  lights  hovering  over  their 
holy  graves.  Above  all,  the  Virgin  Mother  was  lavish  in  her 
favours  to  Spain.  Once,  she  descended  in  person  upon  a  stone 
pillar,  which  she  left  behind  her,  and  which  is  held  at  this  day 
in  as  high  veneration  by  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  ofCa- 
thohcks,  as  the  black  stone  at  Mecca  is  by  the  Mahommedans. 
Sometimes  she  sent  her  image  down  from  Heaven.  Sometimes 
a  dove  guided  the  chosen  discoverer  to  the  cavern  where  she  had 
been  hidden  ;  or  the  hunted  beast  who  ran  to  her  ruined  altar 
was  protected  by  her  pity,  or  struck  dead  for  his  intrusion.  In  the 
number  of  her  titles  the  deified  Maiy  exceeded  the  many-named 
Diana,  as  well  as  in  the  extent  and  effect  of  her  Avorship.  In 
perusing  the  attested  history  of  any  one  of  her  images,  the  reader 
might  think  she  had  imparted  to  it  all  her  power,  did  not  the  God- 
dess of  the  next  great  shrine  afiord  a  catalogue  of  wonders,  equally 
splendid,  equally  attested,  and  equally  authentic.  These  miracles 
were  easily  managed  in  darkness,  and  amid  the  wilds  and  ruins 
of  a  desolated  country.     The  clergy  sometimes,  in  the  confidence 


Xxxvi  INTRODUCTION. 

of  talent,  ventured  upon  a  more  public  and  general  exhibition. 

A.D.1063.  Fernando  tlie  Great  sent  to  Benabet  King  of  Seville,  requesting 
that  he  Mould  let  him  have  the  body  of  St.  Justa  to  remove 
to  Leon.  Three  Counts  and  two  Bishops  were  the  ambas- 
sadors to  beo-  this  boon.  Benabet  said  he  knew  nothing  about 
it,  he  had  never  heard  of  St.  Justa,  but  they  were  very  welcome 
to  her  body  if  they  could  find  it.  Upon  this  Alvito  the  Bishop 
of  Leon  said  tliey  would  pray  three  days  for  a  revelation. 
At  the  close  of  the  third  day  Alvito  fell  asleep  at  his  prayers, 
and  there  appeared  to  him  in  a  dream  an  old  man,  who  told 
him  that  St.  Justa  must  not  be  removed.  Seville  was  not  to 
be  deprived  of  a  treasure  reserved  for  its  glory  when  it  should 
again  become  a  Christian  city, . .  but  they  might  have  his  body 
instead.  . .  And  who  was  he  ? . .  He  was  St.  Isidore.  Alvito  hum- 
bly intreated  him  to  be  dreamt  of  twice  more,  that  he  might 
be  sure  this  was  not  merely  a  dream  ;  and  the  dead  Bishop 
gave  the  desired  proof.  At  his  last  appearance  he  struck  the 
ground  thrice  Avith  his  crosier,  saying,  You  will  find  me  here, 
here,  here.  In  the  morning  three  holes  were  seen  in  the  ground, 
and  upon  digging  there  they  discovered  his   body  in  full  odour. 

sandomi.ff.  Tlic  couft  aud  clcrgy  went  out  from  Leon  in  procession  to  meet 
the  relicks ;  the  King  and  his  three  sons  bore  the  body  bare- 
footed ;  all  the  Monks  and  Clergy  of  the  city  were  feasted  upon 
the  occasion,  and  Fernando  and  the  Queen  served  them  at  the 

JetaSanct-    board. 
orunt. 

^p'-*-  The  zeal  with  which  these   patron  Saints  were  worshipped 

was  proportionate  to  the  beneficial  power  which  they  possessed. 
They  could  preserve  their  own  district  from  pestilence,  and  if 
for  the  sins  of  the  people  they  sometimes  suffered  the  Infidels 
to  violate  their  sanctuaries,  they  never  failed  to  punish  the 
violation.  In  their  beatitude  they  were  still  influenced  by 
human  feelings,  by  gratitude,  and  by  national  and  local  aflfec- 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXvii 

tion.  A  Saint  was  the  representative  of  his  townsmen  in  Heaven, 
where  he  was  supposed  to  receive  their  prayers,  and  exert  all 
his  influence  in  their  behalf. 

The  religious  fervour  of  the  Moors  meanwhile  was  abatino;. 
Fanaticism  in  a  few  generations  becomes  bigotr}-.  The  belief 
which  the  first  ISIahommedans  had  chosen  was  inherited  by 
their  children  ;  in  the  fathers  it  had  the  life  and  ardour  of  a  new 
passion ;  in  the  sons  it  was  become  habit,  inveterate  indeed, 
but  cold.  Tills  process  has  been  exemplified  in  every  age,  and 
by  every  sect.  The  Dominicans  and  Franciscans  of  the  present 
day  profess  the  same  tenets  Avhich  their  predecessors  practised 
at  the  massacre  and  the  auto  da  fe.  There  are  analogies  in 
nature  ;  the  wolf  has  been  tamed  into  the  dog :  and  swine  were 
once  fonnidable  in  the  forest. 

In  the  first  years  of  the  INIoorish  conquest  the  Christians  car- 
ried on  a  perpetual  war  against  their  invaders.  Tliere  was  no 
alternative  between  hostilities  and  submission ;  but  during  the 
anarchy  which  soon  weakened  the  conquerors,  their  little  king- 
dom acquired  a  respectable  strength,  and  they  could  venture 
to  rest  from  war  when  peace  was  convenient.  A  righteous 
national  hatred  was  encouraged  by  their  leaders,  and  this  hatred 
was  increased  by  religious  contempt  and  abhorrence.  Yet  even 
these  feelings  readily  gave  way  whenever  either  pviblicor  individual 
interest  required  their  sacrifice.  A  frequent  intercourse  neces- 
sarily subsisted  between  the  two  people ;  discontented  chiefs 
fled  to  a  Moorish  Court  for  protection,  and  the  Christian  princes, 
when  at  war  Avith  each  other,  scrupled  not  to  invite  Moorish 
assistance.  It  has  even  been  said,  that  when  the  kingdom  of 
Aragon  was  founded,  and  that  compact  established  between  the 
sovereign  and  the  people  M'hich  the  Aragoncze  have  struggled 
so  nobly,  but  unsuccessfully  to  maintain,  one  of  the  privileges 
proposed  to  them  was,  that  they  might  chuse  either  a  Christian,  c.T"  ' 


XXXVIU  INTRODUCTION. 

or  a  Mahommedan  King,  at  jileasure;    but  they  rejected  it  as  a 
thing  which  ought  not  to  be  thought  of. 

Still  the  Avar  between  the  two  nations  Avas  a  war  of  extermina- 
tion. Peace  was  never  named,  never  thought  of  as  a  thing  possi- 
ble; but  because  perpetual  liostilities  would  have  destroyed  both 
by  famine,  they  made  occasional  truces  by  common  consent, 
to  recover  streno;th  for  renewina;  the  contest:  or  the  Aveaker 
poAver  purchased  a  respite  by  paying  tribute,  till  he  believed 
himself  strong  enough  to  revolt.  These  intervals  Avere  short; 
the  Spaniards  could  never  long  endure  to  be  idle  ;  they  had  to 
recover  the  country  of  their  fathers,  an  honourable  and  a  holy 
object:  and  Avar  also  Avas  the  business,  the  amvisement,  the 
passion  of  the  age.  It  Avas  in  Avar  that  the  chiefs  found  their 
sport  and  their  spoil;  tliat  the  King  at  once  employed  and 
gratified  a  turbulent  nobility ;  that  the  people  indulged  their 
Avorst  passions,  and  believed  that  they  Avere  at  the  same  time 
atonins:  for  their  sins.  And  Avhat  a  Avarfare  !  it  Avas  to  burn  the 
standing  corn,  to  root  up  the  vine  and  the  oIIa'C,  to  hang  the 
heads  of  their  enemies  from  the  saddle-boAV,  and  drive  mothers 
and  children  before  them  Avith  the  lance  ;  to  massacre  the  men 
of  a  toAvn  in  the  fury  of  assault ;  to  select  the  chiefs  that  they 
rniolit  be  murdered  in  cold  blood ;  to  reserve  the  Avomcn  for 
violation,  and  the  children  for  slavery  ;  .  .  and  this  Avarfare  year 
after  year,  till  they  rested  from  mere  exhaustion.  The  soldiers 
of  Ferran  Gonzalez  complained  that  they  led  a  life  like  Devils, 
like  those  in  Hell,  Avho  rested  neither  dav  nor  nioht :  Our  Lord, 
said  they,  is  like  Satan,  and  Ave  are  like  his  servants,  Avhose  Avhole 

p!"3.^™4.  delight  is  in  separating  soul  from  bod}'.  The  Spaniards  on 
their  part  suffered  retaliated  cruelties,  and  the  perpetual  sense  of 
danger.    At  one  time  Knights,   Nobles,  and  Kings,  never  slept 

Co.  f.  03.   Avithout  having  the  Avar-horse  ready-saddled  in  the  chamber. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  eleventh  centui'y,  Navarre,  Aragon, 


INTRODUCTION.  XXxix 

and  Castille,  Avere  united  under  Sancho  the  Great.  But  expe- 
rience had  not  taught  the  Christian  Kings  good  policy,  and  when 
accident  had  joined  the  separate  states,  the  possessor  divided 
them  at  his  death,  desirous  that  his  sons  should  all  be  Kincs, 
though  thereby  they  inevitably  became  enemies.  Sancho  left 
Navarre  to  his  eldest  son  Garcia,  Aragon  to  his  bastard  son 
Ramiro,  and  Castille  to  Fernando;  and  these  latter  states,  which 
had  long  been  independant,  now  first  received  the  appellation  of  , 
kingdom.  eis. 

Sancho  had  compelled  Bermudo  the  King  of  Leon  to  give 
his  sister  in  nianiage  to  Fernando  ;  the  King  of  Leon  had  no 
children,  his  sister  was  his  heir,  and  the  kingdom  therefore  would 
fall  to  her  husband.  Leon  had  long  been  declining;  but  when 
the  territories  of  Sancho  were  divided  at  his  death,  Bermudo 
hoped  to  recover  its  old  ascendency,  and  declared  war  ao^ainst 
his  brother-in-law.  Fernando  called  Garcia  to  his  aid,  and  an 
obstinate  battle  was  fought.  Bermudo,  who  was  a  brave  man 
confident  in  his  own  strength,  and  in  that  of  his  horse  Pelay- 
uelo,  rode  into  the  Castilian  army,  meaning  to  eno-ao-e  Fernando 
man  to  man ;  he  was  slain  in  the  attempt,  and  Fernando 
possessed  himself  of  Leon  by  the  double  right  of  conquest  and: 
inheritance. 

The  elder  brother  regarded  with  impatience  the  division  of 
his  father's  kingdoms.  Fernando  had  excited  some  dispute 
respecting  their  boundary,  and  though  no  enmity  was  yet  avowed, 
no  fraternal  affection  existed.  It  happened  that  Garcia  fell  sick  ; 
the  Castilian  went  to  visit  him  at  Najara  ;  he  discovered  that  his 
brother  designed  to  imprison  him,  and  extort  a  cession  of  terri- 
tory for  his  ransom,  and  he  hastily  departed,  and  then  sent  to 
excuse  his  departure  on  the  plea  of  urgent  business.  He  soon 
feigned  sickness  and  requested  Garcia  to  come  and  see  him ;  the 
Kmg  of  Navarre  came,,  and  was  immediately  made  prisoner: 


xl 


INTRODUCTION. 

by  the  help  of  money  he  eflfected  liis  escape,  and  open  war  fol- 
lowed. Garcia  invited  the  Moors  to  his  assistance,  and  entered 
Castille.  The  armies  met  about  four  leagues  from  Burgos,  near 
Atapuerca.  St.  Inigo,  the  Abbot  of  Ona,  endeavoured  to  per- 
suade Garcia  to  peace;  the  good  old  man  was  revered  by  him, 
and  though  his  persuasions  were  vain,  still  continued  in  the 
camp,  hoping  he  might  yet  succeed  in  his  mediation.  An 
old  knight  called  Fortun  Sanchez  tried  also  to  reconcile  the 
brethren  ;  he  was  Garcia's  foster-father,  and  had  loved  them  both 
from  infancy.  When  he  found  that  his  advice  and  entreaties 
were  of  no  avail,  knowing  the  danger  of  Garcia,  and  that 
he  could  not  prevent  it,  the  old  man  threw  off  his  defensive 
armour,  and  with  only  his  sword  and  spear,  went  foremost 
among  the  enemy  to  die,  that  he  might  not  behold  the  over- 
throw and  destruction  of  his  foster-child.  Before  the  battle 
began,  two  knights  whom  Garcia  had  unjustly  stript  of  their 
possessions  came  to  him,  and  demanded  that  he  would  redress 
their  wrongs,  and  for  the  future  respect  their  privileges.  The 
demand  was  just,  but  Garcia  gave  no  ear  to  it,  perhaps 
provoked  that  it  should  be  made  like  a  menace  in  liis  hour 
of  need-  They  then  renounced  their  allegiance,  and  went 
over  to  the  Castillian  army.  The  other  knights  who  had 
joined  with  them  in  their  remonstrance,  did  not  indeed  desert 
the  King,  but  they  served  him  without  good  will,  and  with- 
out exertion.  There  was  a  band  of  Leonese,  who  directed 
their  efforts  against  him  to  revenge  Bermudo  ;  the  two  knights 
whom  Garcia  had  wronged,  fought  in  their  company,  and 
one  of  them  thrust  him  through  Avith  a  lance.  The  wound 
was  mortal.  He  died  upon  the  field  with  his  head  between 
the  Abbot's  knees,  the  pious  old  man  holding  it,  and  pray- 
ing  and  weeping  over  him  as  he  expired.  A  great  stone 
If- 6-         was  set  up  as   a  monument,    by   the   brook   side   where   he 


INTRODUCTION. 


was  si  Mil.  In  consequence  of  this  victory  Fernando  became 
the  most  po\verfuI  of  all  the  Kings  of  Spain,  Moor  or  Chris- 
tian. It  was  in  his  days  that  the  Cid  began  to  distinguish 
himself. 


xli 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK  r. 

St  a.  '  Tage 

I.  How  King  Ferraitdo  reigned  in  Cas- 

tille  -  -  -       I 

I [.  Of  the  lineage  of  Rodiigo  of  Bivar       t 

III.  Of  the  strife  between  Count  Gomez 

and  Diego  Laj/nez,  and  hocv  Rod- 
ri-ro  s/etc  him      -  -  -3 

o 

IV.  How  Rodiigo  took  the  Jive  Moorish 

kings  -  -  -       4 

V.  Hoiv  Xiniena  Gomez  asked  Rodrigo 

of  the  King  in  marriage  -       5 

VI.  Huu)  Rodrigo  accepted  her  for  his 

uife  -  -  -       6 

VII.  How  Rodrigo  took  his  zcife  home, 

and  of  the  vow  which  he  made  7 

VIII.  Of  the  dispute  concerning  Cala- 
horra  -  -  -       S 

IX.  Of  the  charitif  of  Rodrigo  towards 

the  leper  -  -  -     ib. 

X.  Of  the  combat  which  was  fought  for 

Calahurra  -  -  -     1 1 

XI.  How   the    Counts  plotted   against 

Rodrigo      -  '  -     12 

^ll.  How  Rodrigo  gained  a  great  vic- 

tory  over  the  Moors     -  -     14 


Stct.  ^  rag,, 

XIII.  Of  the  taking  of  Fiseu     -  -     14 

XIV.  Of  the  taking  of  Lamego  -     ]6 

XV.  Of  the  siege  of  Coimbra  -     17 
X\  I.  How    Santiago    appeared  to    the 

Greek  Bishop         -  -     19 

XVII.   Of  the  grant  made  by  the  King 

to  the  monks  of  Lorvam  -     20 

XV  [II.  How  Rodrigo  wa^  knighted  22 

XIX.  Of  the  taking  of  Montemor         -     23 

XX.  How  Ruydiez  was  called  the  Cid       24 

XXI.  How  the  Emperor  demanded  tri- 

bute of  Spain  -  .     ib, 

XXII.  Of  the  answer  which  the  King 

sent  -  -  -     25 

XXIII.  How  the  Cid  defeated  the  Lord 

(f  Savoy         -  -  -     2(5 

XXIV.  How  the  Pope  and  the  Emperor 
yielded  their  demand  -     27 

XXV^  How  the  King  returned  into  his 

own  land         -  -  -     28 

XXV^I.  How  the  King  divided  his  do- 
minions        -  -  -     ib. 

XXVII.  How  the  Infante  D.  Sancho 
complained  of  the  wrong  which 
was  done  him  -  -     50 

XXVIII.  Of  the  death  of  the  King  ib. 

b 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK  II. 

Sec«.  Page 

I.  How  King  Don  Siimfio  zcas  wroth  at 

the  paitilioii  of  tlie  kingdoms       -     S3 

ir.  How  the  Kings  of  Navarre  and  Ara- 

gon  came  against  Castille  -     34 

III.  How    King   Don   Sancho  defeated 

the  King  of  Aragon        -  -55 

IV.  Of  the  beginning  of  the  strife  be- 

tween the  brethren  -  -     37 

V.  IIozo  King  Don  Sancho  had  a  meet- 

in<r  with  his  brother  King  Don 
Alfonso  -  -  -     38 

VI.  How  King  Don  Garcia  sent  to  ask 

aid  from  his  brother  King  Don 
Alfonso       -  -  -30 

VII.  How  DonRodrigo  Frojaz  slew  Ferna  40 

VIII.  Of  the  battle  at  Agoa  de  Mai/as       41 

IX.  How  King  Don  Garcia  fed  to  the 

Moors         -  -  -     42 

X.  Hate  King  Don   Garcia    went   out 

from  Suntarem  to  battle  -     43 

XI.  Hozc  Altar  Funez  asked  the  king 

for  a  horse  and  arms       -  -     44 

XII.  How  King  Don  Sancho  was  taken, 

and  of  the  death  of  Don  Rod- 
rigo  Frojaz         -  -  -     45 

XIII.  How  Altar  Funez  rescued  the  king    47 

XIV.  How  King  Don  Garcia  was  taken    48 

XV.  How    King     Don    Sancho    went 

against  his  brother  Alfonso      -     49 

XVI.  Of  the  buttle  at  Vulpegeru  -     oO 
X\  II.  How  the  Cid  delivered  King  Don 

Sancho         -  -  -  -     51 

XVIII.  Hon  King  Don  Alfonso  fed  to 

the  Moors       -  -  -     52 

XIX.  Of  the  fiiendship  which  Alimai/- 

rnon  shewed  to  Kins:  Don  Al- 
fonso       -  -  -     53 


Sect.  Page 

XX.  Of  the  talk  which  the  Moors  held, 

in  what  manner   Toledo  could 

be  taken  -  -  -     54 

XXI.  How    Alimaymon  took   an   oath 

from  King  Don  Alfonso  -     56 

XXII.  How  King  Don  Sancho  crozvn- 

ed  himself  King    of  the    three 
kingdoms         -  -  -57 

XXIII.  Huw  King  Don  Sancho  tcent 
against  Zamora        -  -     58 

XXIV.  Of  the  message  which  the  king 
sent  to  Dona  Urraca  -  -     59 

XXV.  Of  the  council  which  Doni  Ur- 

raca held,  and  the  answer  which 
she  gate  -  -  -     61 

XXVI.  How   the   King  was  wroth  with 

the  Cid      -  -  -63 

XXVII.  How  Dona  Urraca  resolved  to 
yield  the  town  -  -     65 

XXVIII.  How  Fellido  Dolfos  fed  out 

of  the  town  -  -67 

XXIX.  How  the  men  of  Zamora  warn- 
ed King  Don  Sancho  of  the 
treason  which  uas  desig)ied  CS 

XXX.  //oci'    King    Don    Sancho    zcas 

slain  by  treason         -  -     69 

XXXI.  How  Fellido  Dolfos  fed  to 
Ddfia  Urraca  for  protection  71 

XXXII.  Of  the  death  of  the  king  ib. 


BOOK  in. 

I.  How  it  was  resolved  to  impeach  the 

people  of  Zamora         -  -     74 

II.  How  Don  Diego  Ordonez  made  the 

impeachment       -  -  -     75 

III.  Of  the  manner  in  which  the  combat 

was  to  be  peiformed     .  -     76 


CONTENTS. 


Sect.  ~  Page 

IV.  How  Don  Arias  and  his  sons  re- 

S'lhed  to  do  combat  for  Zaniura        77 

V.  Iloii'  Don  Arias  n'as  persuaded  that 

/'is  sun  Pedrarias  should  do  Out- 
tie  in  his  sSiud  -     •  •     7ii 

\\.  Of  the  first  eonibct  -  -     79 

Vil.    Of  the  second  coinbat        -  -     8U 

VIII.  Of  the  third  combat,  and  hou'  it 
Teas  left  undetermined    -  -'81 

IX.  How  King  Don  Afonso  depa  ted 

from  Toledo        -  -  -     ^4 

X.  Hoic    the   Cid   would  /lot   kiss   the 

King's  hand        -  -  -     f  G 

XI.  Of  the  oalh  uhich   King  Don  Al- 

fonso took      -  -  -     86 

XII.  How   Don  Alfonso  was  crowned 

King  -  -  -     89 

XIII.  Huw  King  Don  Alfonso  went  to 
succour  Alinwyniun      -  -     90 

XIV.  How  the  King  went  into  Toledo         9' 

XV.  Of  the  noble  dealing  of  the  King 

with  Aliiunyiuon         -  -     9- 

XVI.  How  my  Cid  won  many  battles     -     ^i 
X\  II.  How    King   Don    Alfonso    was 

made  wroth  with  the  Cid  -     Qj 

XVIII.  How  the   Cid   was    wrongfully 

banished      -  -  -     9(j 

XIX.  Huw  the  Cid  departed  from  his 

own   house,    being   a  banished 
man         -  -  -     97 

XX.  How  the  Burgalese  dared  not  re- 

ceive him     -  -  -     ib. 

XXI.  How  the  Cid  sent  to  borrow  mo- 

ney of  the  Jews        -  -     9S 

XXII.  How    the  Jews  lent  the   money 

and  took  away  the  chests  -  101 

XXIII.  How  the  Cid  went  to  Dona  Xi- 
mena  at  Cardena    •  -  102 


Sect.  '>t« 

XXIV.  Mow  the  Cid  took  leave  of  his 

wife  and  duugliiers     -  -     104 

XX V^.  How  the  Cid  left  the  kingdom 

of  King  Don  Alfonm  -     105 

BOOK   IV. 


I.  How  the  Cid  won  the  castle  of  Cas- 

trejon        -  _  _ 

II.  Hozc  the  Cid  sold  his  spoil  to  the 

Moors    -  -  . 

III.  How  the  Cid  went  against  Alcocer 

IV.  Of  the  taking  of  Alcocer     - 
\  .   How  the  King  of  J  ulencia  sent  or- 
ders to  take  the  Cid  alive 

VI.  How  the  Cid  was  besieged  in  Al- 

cocer     -  .  . 

VII.  How  the   Cid  went  out   to  give 

them  battle 
\  III.   Hozc  Pero  Bermudez  cariifd  the 
banner  info  the  middte  of  the 
Moors     - 

I X.  Of  the  great  victory  won  by  the  Cid    1 1 5 

X.  How  the  Cid  sent  a  present  to  King 

Don  Alfonso  -  -lift 

XI.  Hozc   Alvar   Fanez  presented  the 

horses  to  the  King      -  -     1 1 7 

XII.  How  the  Cid  departed  from  Al- 

cocer    -  -  -     1 13 

XIII.  How  Uie  Cid  was  received  into 


107 

108 
109 
110 

HI 

lis 

ib. 


-     11^ 


Zaiasfoza 

XIV.  How  ike  Cid  spoiled  the  country 

XV.  How  Don  Ramon  Berenauer  came 

to  take  away  his  spoil  from  the 
Cid 

XVI.  Of  the  great  bounty  of  the  Cid  to- 

wards    Don    Ramon   Beren- 
guer       -  .  . 


119 

120 


-     121 


122 


CONTENTS. 


12o 


ib. 


1'26 


128 


1G9 


Sect.  ^  f'S' 

XVII.  ITorc  the  Cid  K'on  all  the  lands 

of  Boiriaiin 

XV III.  How  the  Cid  dejhilcd   King 

Ahemilfaiige  and  Don  Ra- 
mon Bereiigaer ;  and  of  the 
•rreal  treason  which  was  com- 
mitted  at  Rueda 

XIX.  How  the  Cut  took  the  Castle  of 

Rueda     -  - 

XX.  Hoic  the  Cid  took  King  Don  Pe- 

dro of  AragOH  prisoner 

XXI.  How  the  Cid  returned  into  Cas- 

til/e 

BOOK  V. 

I.  How   the   King  of  Badajoz  would 

have  taken  Toledo         -  -     131 

II.  How  Diego  Rodriguez  the  son  of 

the  Cid  teas  slain      -  -     132 

III.  How    King    Don   Alfonso    went 

against  Toledo  -  -     133 

IV.  Of  the  taking  of  Toledo  -       ib. 

V.  How  Yuhia  went  to  sptf  the  state  of 

Valencia     -  -  -     134 

VI.  How  Yuhia  was  received  info  Va- 

lencia       -  -  -     133 

VII.  Of  the  tax  which  was  raised  for 

barley  for  the  Christians  -     137 

YIII.   How  Yahia  went  agaimt  Aben- 

mazot  in  Xativa        -  -     138 

IX.  How  Abenalfange   came  to   help 

Abenmazot  -  -     13U 

X.  How  Alvar   Fanez  plundered  the 

count  I  y  -  -  -     140 

XI.  Of  the  covenant  which  one  of  the 

sons  of  Abdalla  Azis  made 
with  King  Don  Alfonso  142 


Srct.  Poje 

XII.  How  Alvar   Fanez    rvas    called 

awayfom  Valencia     -  -     143 

XIII.  How    the  Cid    went    to    Zara- 

<ruza  -  -  -      144 

XIV.  How  the  King  of  Zaragoza  could 

not  win  the  city  us  he  thought       ib. 

XV.  Hoio    Count    Ramon    Jierengucr 

came  against  J  ulencia  -     145 

XVI.  Of  the  covenant  which  was  made 

between  King  Yahia  and  the 

Cid  -  -  -     146 

XVII.  How  Count  Ramon  came  with 

a  great  power  of  Frenchmen 
against  the  Cid  -  -     147 

XVIII.  Of  the  letter  which  Count  Ra- 

mon sent  unto  the  Cid  -     149 

XIX.  Of  the  letter  which  the  Cid  sent 

in  reply    -  -  -       ib. 

XX.  How  the  Cid  defeated  Count  Ra- 

mon      -        .         -  -     150 

XXI.  Of  the  death   of  Abenalfange, 

and  how  the  Cid  became  mas- 
ter in  the  land       -  -     152 

XXII.  How  the  Cid  went  to  Requena, 

thinking  to  meet  the  king       -     154 

XXIII.  How  King  D<m  Alfonso  ba- 

nished the  Cid  a  second  time  ib. 

XXIV.  How  the  Cid  laid  waste    the 

lands  of  King  Don  Alfonso, 

and  the  king  did  him  just  ice         1 55 

XXV.  How  Abeniaf  sent  to  the  Almo- 

ravides  to  come  against  Va- 
lencia    -  -  -     157 

XXVI.  How  Valencia  vms  won  by  the 

Almoravides  -  -     15^ 

XXVII.  How  Abeniaf  put  King   Ya- 
hia to  death  -  -       ib. 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK  VI. 


Sect. 


I.  How  Abeniaf  was  greali/  puffed  np 

II.  How  the  Cid  sent  letters  to  Jbeniaf 

III.  How  the  Cid  laid  siege  to  Jubulla 

IV.  How  the  Cid  warred  against  Fa- 

lencia     -  _  _ 

V.  How  the  Cid  offered  to  support  Jbe- 

niaf, who  agreed  to  send  away 
the  Almoravides 

VI.  How  Abeniaf  sent  great  treasures 

to  the  Miramamoliu 

VII.  How  the  Cid  won  the  suburb  of 

Alcudia    -  - 

V  III.  //ore-  they  of  Valencia  sent  away 
the  yllrnoravides,  and  made 
peace  with  the  Cid     - 

IX.  How  Juballa  became  a  great  town 

X.  How  the  Cid  made  war  upon  Albar- 

razin       -  _ 

XI.  How  Abeniaf  sent  for  the  Cid 

XII.  How  the  Cid  asked  Abeniaf  to 

give  him  a  garden     - 

XIII.  How  they  of  Valencia  took  cou- 

rage because  of  the  approach 
of  the  Almoravides    - 
Of  the  great  rain  and  wind  ichich 
caused  the  Almoravides  to  turn 
back      -  -  . 

XV.  Of  the  great  price  of  food  in  Va- 
lencia, and  how  the  suburbs 
were  destroyed 

XV  I.  Hoza  the  Almoravides  returned 
into  their  own  country 

XVII.  Of  the  lamentation  which  was 

made  for  Valencia     - 

XVIII.  How  they  of  Valencia  put  their 

trust  again  in  Abeniaf 

XIX.  How  Abeniaf  took  the  sons  of 


XIV. 


Page 
161 

162 
1G3 

164 


I6j 
166 
167 


169 
170 

171 

172 

ib. 


173 
174 

176 

177 
178 
180 


Sect. 

Aboegib  and  delivered  them 
to  the  Cid 

XX.  How  Abeniaf  went  out  to  meet  the 

Cid,  and  how  he  zcould  not 
keep  the  terms  which  were 
made         -  _  _ 

XXI.  Of  the  pride  and  tyranny  of  Abe- 

niaf;  and   how  the  price  of 
food  waxed  more  and  more     - 

XXII.  Of  the  famine  which  there  was 

in  Valencia 

XXIII.  How  they  sent  to  ask  aid  of  the 

King  of  Zaragoza     - 

XXIV.  Of  the  answer  of  the  King  of 

Zaragoza,  and  of  the  search 
which  Abeniaf  made  for  food 

XXV.  How  the  King  of  Zaragoza  sent 

letters  to  Valencia     - 
XX V  I.    How  Abenmoxiz  rose  against 
Abeniaf,  and  how  he  zcas  taken 

XXVII.  How  the  Cid  attacked  the  city 
and  was  put  to  the  worst,  and 
of  the  great  cruelty  which  he 
committed  upon  the  Moors     - 

XXVIII.  How  the  people  went  to  an 
Alfaqui,  and  it  was  accorded 
that  he  should  go  between  them 
and  the  Cid 

XXIX.  How  the  Cid  7nade  Martin 
Pelaez  <f  a  coward  a  good 
kni<'ht 

XXX.  How  the  city  was  to  be  yielded 

up,  if  succour  did  not  come 
within  ffleen  days     -  _     200 

XXXI.  Of  the  riches  which  were  found 
upon  the  messengers,  and  of  the 
price  of  food  .  -     201 

XXX 11 1.  HoiC  the  city  was  yielded  up     202 


Page 


181 


183 


185 


186 


1S7 


188 


190 


191 


193 


195 


ib. 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK  VI r. 

Sfct. 

I.  How  the  people  died  after  the  famine 

II.  0/  the  honour  which  the  Cid  did 

unto  the  Moors 

III.  How  the  Cid  spake  unto  the  Moors 

IV.  What  farther  the  Cid  said  unto  the 

Moors      -  - 

V.  How  the  promises  of  the  Cid  proved 

false,  and  how  he  demanded 
that  Abeniaf  should  be  deliver- 
ed itito  his  hands 

VI.  How  the  Moors  asked  council  of 

Abdalla  Adiz,  and  how  they 
delivered  up  Abeniaf 

VII.  How  the  Cid  said  that  he  zcould 

dwell  in  the  Alcazar,  and  how 
he  took  possession  thereof 
YIII.  How  Abeniaf  was  tortured  to 
make  him  give  account  of  his 
riches,  and  he  gave  a  false  ac- 
count, and  was  storied 

IX.  Of  the  speech  which  the  Cid  made 

unto  the  Moors,  telling  them 
that  he  would  have  the  city  to 
himself     -  - 

X.  How    the    King    of    Seville   came 

against  Valencia,  and  was  de- 
feated      - 

XI.  How  the  Cid  numbered  his  people 

XII.  How  there  came  a  Bishop  to  Va- 

lencia, and  the  Cid  made  the 
city  a  bishopric  for  him 
How  the  Cid  sent  for  his  wife 

and  daughters 
How  these  messengers  came  to  the 
king,  and  of  the  great  favour 
zcliich  was  shewn  them 
How  they  came  to  Burgos,  and 


204 

205 
ib. 

207 


20S 


210 


-     211 


213 


215 


XIII. 


XIV. 


XV 


Sect. 


XVI. 


how  Dona  Ximena  and  her 
daughters  left  the  monastery  to 
SO  with  them  to  Valencia 

o 


216 
217 


218 
ib. 

-    219 


Fage 

221 

224 

228 

229 

231 
ib. 


How    Dona    Ximena    and    her 
daughters  came  to  Valencia     - 

XVII.  How  tidings  came  that  the  Mi- 

ramamolin  zcas  coming  against 
Valencia  -  - 

XVIII.  How  the  Cid  took  his  wife  and 

daughters  upon  the  tower,  that 
the//  might  see  the  Moors  land 

XIX.  Of  the  counsel  which  was  taken, 

after  what  manner  they  should 
attack  the  Moors 

XX.  Of  the  great  victory  which   the 

Cid  won  over  King  Yucef    - 

XXI.  Hotv  the  Cid  entered  the  city,  and 

how  he  gave  in  marriage  the 
damsels  of  his  icife  Dona 
Ximena        _  -  _     233 

XXII.  Of  the  great  spoil  which  was 

found  _  _  .     234 

XXIII.  How  King  Yucef  died^and  of 

the  charge  he  gave  his  bro- 
ther to  revenge  him  -  -    235 

XXIV.  Of  the  present  ichich  the  Cid 

sent  unto  the  king     -  -       ib. 

XXV.  How  the  Infantes  of  Carrion 

desired  to  marry  the  Cid's 
daughters      -  -  .     237 

XXVI.  How  the  meeting  was  appoint- 

ed between  the  King  and  the  Cid    238 

XXVII.  How  they  made  ready  for  the 
meeting         -  -  -     240 

XXVIII.  Of  the  meeting      -  -    24i 

XXIX.  How  the  King  asked  the  Cid 

to  give  his  daughters  in  mar- 
riage to  the  Infantes  -     243 


CONTENTS. 


Sect.  Page 

XXX.  How  the  Cid  dhpeeded  himself 

of  the  king   -  -  -     244 

XXXL  Of  the  conditions  of  the  In- 
fantes       -  -  -     245 

XXXII.  How  Alvar  Fanez   gave  his 
kinswomen  to  the  Infa?ites    -     24G 

XXXIII.  Q/'Me/«ama^e      -  -     247 


BOOK  VIII. 

J.  How  King  Bucar  made  ready  to  re- 
venge his  brother  King  Yucef     249 

II.  Of  the  cowardice  shewn  by  the  In- 

fantes of  Carrion  when   the 

lion  brake  loose      -  -     250 

III.  How  the  Infantes  plotted  to  re- 

venge themselves  upon  the  Cid    25 1 

IV.  How  the  Infantes  icere  afraid  when 

they  beheld  the  great  power  of 

the  Moors  -  -     252 

V.  Of  the  message  sent  by  King  Bucar 

to  the  Cid  -  -     254 

VI.  Of  the  answer  of  the  Cid  -     255 

VII.  Of  the  order  of  the  Cids  battle  ib. 

VIII.  How  the  Cid  defeated  King  Bu- 

car and  tiventy-nine  kings      -     257 

IX.  Of  the  great  spoil  which  was  icon 

by  the  Christians      -  -     260 

X.  How    the   Infantes  said    that  they 

would  return  into   their  own 
country     -  -  -     261 

XI.  Hoiv  Dona  Ximena  mistrusted  the 

evil  purpose  of  the  Infantes    -     2G2 

XII.  Of  the  parting   between  the  Cid 

and  his  daughters     -  -       ib. 

XIII.  How  the   Infantes   would  have 

slain  Abengalvon    -  -    264 


Sect. 

XIV.  Of  the  great  cruelty  ichick  the 

Infantes  committed  upon  their 
wives     -  -  - 

XV.  How   Felez    Mitnoz  found  these 

dames  lying  in  thefoied 

XVI.  How  Pero  Sanchez  and  the  other 

knights  defied  the  Infantes     - 

XVII.  How  those  knights  made  their 

complaint  to  the  king 

XVIII.  How  Felez  Munoz  found  a 
good  man  who  took  the  dames 
to  his  house 

XIX.  How  Diego   Tellez   took   these 

dames  to  Santesteban 

XX.  IIoio  Alvar  Fanez  demanded  jus- 

tice of  the  King  against  the 
Infantes    -  - 

XXI.  How  Alvar  Fanez  went  for  the 

dames     -  -  . 

XXII.  How  Pero  Bermud^z  returned 

to  Valencia 

XXIII.  How  the  dames  returned  to  Va- 
lencia       -  . 


BOOK  IX. 

I.  Ilnw  the  Cid  departed  for  the  Cortes 

II.  How  the  Infantes  would  fain  have 

been  held  excused 

III.  Of  the  meeting  between  theCidand 

the  King       -  -  _ 

IV.  How  the  Cid  sent  his  ivory  seat  to 

be  placed  in  the  palace 

V .  Of  the  strife  which  was  about  to  rise 

concerning  the  ivory  seat 
V  I     How  the  Cid  and  his  knights  ap- 
paralled  theimehes  and  went 
to  Uie  Cmtes         -  -    286 


Page 

265 
267 
268 
269 

271 
273 

27s 
275 
277 
278 

28a 
281 

282 
233 
284 


CONTENTS. 


Sect 

VII.  How  the  King  hade  the  Cid   sit 

on  his  ivory  seat      - 

VIII.  How  the  Kiugappointcd  Alcaldes 

lo  givejtidgmoit  in  this  cause 

IX.  How  the  Cid  demanded  back  Co- 

lada  and  Tizona 

X.  HoTV  the  Cid  made  his  second  de- 

mand against  the  Infantes     - 

XI.  How  the  Cid  made  his  third  de- 

mand against  the  Infantes    - 

XII.  How  the  Cid  defed  the  Infantes 

XIII.  How  Pero  Bermndez  being  an- 

gered by  the  Cid  smote  down 
Count  Don  Garcia     - 

XIV.  How  the  King  said  that  he  would 

give  sentence  in  this  matter    - 

XV.  How   the   battle  was  appointed, 

and  the  Cid  named  his  cham- 
pions 

XVI.  How  the  Infantes  of  Aragon  and 

Navarre  sent  to  ask  the  daugh- 
ters of  the  Cid  in  marriage    - 

XVII.  How    the    Cid    committed  his 

three   knights   to   the    King's 
protection 

XVIII.  Of  the  nobleness  with  which  the 

Cid  distributed  his  treasure    - 

XIX.  How  the  Cid  would  have  given 

Bavieca  to  the  King 

XX.  Of  what  the  Cid  said  to  his  three 

knights         _  .  - 


BOOK  X. 


Page 

287 

2SS 

289 

290 

293 
295 

297 
298 

-     299 


300 

301 

302 

303 

ib. 

305 


Sect.  Page 

III.  How  they  entered  the  lists  -         -     307 

IV.  Of  the  combat  between  Pero  Ber- 

mudez    and    Ferrando  Gon- 
zalez    -  -  -     308 

V.  Of  the  battle  between  Martin  Anto- 

linez  and  Diego  Gonzalez     -     309 

VI.  Of  the  battle  between  Muno  Gus- 

tioz  and  Suero  Gonzalez        -     310 

VII.  How  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  were 

declared  traitors      -  -       ib. 

V'lII.   Of  the  great  joy  which  was  made 

in  I  alencia  -  -     312 

IX.  How  the   Snldan  of  Persia  sent 

pi'esents  to  the  Cid    -  -     314 

X.  Of  the  presents  which  the  Soldan 

sent  -  -  .     315 

XI.  Of  what  past  between  the  messenger 

of  the  Soldan  and  the  Cid     -     317 

XII.  Of  the  reason  why  the  Soldan  sent 

this  great  present       -  -     318 

XIII.  Of  the  coming  of  the  Infantes 

of  Aragon  and  Navarre         -     320 

XIV.  Of  the  marriage  of  the  Infantes      321 

XV.  How  the  messenger  of  the  Soldan 

was  dispatched      -  -    322 

XVI.  How  the  Alcalde  of  Valencia  was 

baptized       -  .  _     303 


I.  Hoze  the  King  went  to  Carrion 

II.  How  the  Infantes  sent  to  desire  that 

Colada  and  Tizona  might  not 

be  used  against  them    -         -    306 


BOOK  XI. 

I.  How  tidings  came  that  King  Bucar 

was  coming  against  I  alencia     -     326 

II.  How  St.  Peter  appeared  unto  the 

Cid       -  -  -     3£7 

III.  How  the  Cid  spake  to  his  people        328 

IV.  How  the  Cid  took  to  his  bed  -     330 

V.  How  the  Cid  appointed  what  should 

be  done  after  his  death  -     331 


CONTENTS. 


Sect.  Page 

VI.  How  the   Cid  made  Iiis  testament 

and  departed  -  -     332 

V'll.  Hozc  King  Bueitrcame  up  against 

the  Citi/        -  -  -     334 

VIII.  How   the    Christians    zcent   out 

from  Valencia        -  -     335 

IX.  Hozc  King  Bucar  was  utterly  dis- 

conijited        -  -  -     336 

X.  How  the  Moors  zcent  into  the  cifi/       338 

XI.  How  the  sons-in-law  of  the   Cid 

came  to  meet  the  hodi/  -     340 

XII.  How  King  Don  Alfonso  came  to 

do  honour  to  the  Cid    -        -    342 

XIII.  How  the  body  of  the  Cid  was 

placed  in  his  iron/  chair         -     343 

XIV.  How  the  company  brake  up  after 

this  was  done  -  -     344 

XV.  Of  the  care  which  was  taken  nj 

Bavieca        -  -  -       ib. 

XVI.  Of  the  death  of  Dona  Ximena   -     340 

XVII.  Of  what  happened  to  a  Jew  who 

would  have  taken  the  Cid  by 

the  beard      .  .  .    347 

XVIII.  HoTC  the  body  of  the  Cid  was 

interred        -  -  -     349 

XIX    Of  the  death  of  Gil  Diaz  -       ib. 

XX.  How  the  King  of  Navarre  re- 


sect. Page 

stored  the  booty  which  he  had 
taken  in  honour  to  the  Cid    -     350 

XXI.   How  the  Cid  went  to  the  great 

battle  of  the  Navas  de  Tolosa     352 

XX If.  How  King  Don  Alfonso  the 
Wise  removed  the  body  of  the 
Cid  .  .  -     353 

XXIII.  Of  the  second  removal  of  the 
body,  and  how  it  was  resolved. 

to  remove  it  again     -  -     354 

XXIV.  Of  the  ceremonies   before  the 

lid  of  the  tomb  was  lifted       ~     355 

XXV.  How  the  third  translation  was 

performed     -  -  -     35Q 

XXVI.  Of  the  miraculous  rain  which 

fell  during  this  translation     -     35S 

XXVII.  Of  the  letter  which  the  Em- 
perorissued  touching  this  trans- 
lation        -  _  -     359 

XXVIII.  How  the  tombs  were  trans- 
lated to  the  middleof  the  great 
Chapel     -  -  -     361 

XXIX.  Of  the  state  of  those  tombs  at 

the  present  time     -  -     3fi2 

XXX.  Of  the  relicks  of  the  Cid  -     3Q3 

XXXI.  How  the  Cid  should  have  been 

canonized     -  -  -     365 


d 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  FIRST  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.     Kino-  Don  Ferrando  succeeded  to  the  states  of  Castille  BOOK 

•  -I 

after  the  death  of  his  father  King  Don  Sancho  el  Mayor,  in  the   .^...^-.^ 

era  1072,  which  was  the  year  of  the   Incarnation   1034,  and  "Z^,2 

from  the  coming  of  the  Patriarch  Tubal  to  settle  in  Spain  3197,  cSl'" 

and  from  the  general  deluge  3339,  and  from  the  creation  of  the 

world  499-5,  according  to  the  computation  of  the  Hebrews,  and 

from  the  beginning  of  the  false  sect  of  the  Moors  413.     And  in 

the  year   1037  Ferrando  slew  Bermudo  the   King  of  liCon  in 

battle,  who  was  his  wife's  brother,  and  conquered  his  kingdom, 

and  succeeded  to  it  in  right  of  his  wife  Doiia  Sancha.     So  he 

Avas  the  first  person  who  united  the  states  of  Castille  and  Leon, 

and  the  first  who  was  called  King  of  Castille ;  for  till  this  time 

the  lords  of  that  country  had  been  called  Counts.     He  was  a 

good  king,  and  one  who  judged  justly  and  feared  God,  and  was 

bold  in  all  his  doings.     Before   he  reigned  he  had  by  Dona 

Sancha  his  wife  the  Infanta  Doiia  Urraca,  his  eldest  daughter, 

who  was  a  right  excellent  lad}',  of  good  customs  and  bounty 

B 


^  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  beauty  ;  and  after  her  he  had  the  Infante  Don  Sancho,  his 
.,„„.^-,»^  eldest  son  and  lieir  ;  and  then  the  Infanta  Dona  Elvira,  Avhom 
after  the  death  of  the  King  her  father,  her  brother  King  Don  Al- 
fonso married  to  the  Count  Don  Garci  de  Cabra.  And  after  he 
became  King  he  had  the  Infante  Don  Alfonso,  and  the  Infante 
Don  Garcia,  who  was  the  youngest  of  all.  And  he  put  his  sons 
to  read,  that  they  might  be  of  the  better  understanding,  and  he 
made  them  take  arms,  and  be  shown  how  to  demean  themselves 
chrmiradei  j^  battlc,  aud  to  bc  huntsmcii.     And  he  ordered  that  his  daush- 

Cia-  Clip.  1.  '  O 

f^Tga^"*'  ters  should  be  brought  up  in  the  studies  beseeming  dames,  so 

hb.u7ap\.  that  they  might  be  of  good  customs,  and  instructed  in  devotion 

lib.i.cap  0  and  in  all  things  which  it  behoved  them  to  know. 

Of  the  line.       II.     lu  tliosc  days  arose  Rodrigo  of  BivarS  who  Avas  a  youth 

fo'o/Bivar.  stroug  iu  amis  and  of  good  customs;  and  the  people  rejoiced  in 

him,  for  he  bestirred  himself  to  protect  the  land  from  the  Moors. 

Now  it  behoves  that  ye  sliould  know  whence  he  came,  and  from 

what  men  he  was  descended,  liecause  we  have  to  proceed  with 

his  history.     Ye  are  to  know  therefore,  that  after  the  treason 

which  King  Don  Ordono  the  Second  committed  upon  the  Counts 

of  Castille,  that  country  remained  Avithout  a  chief :  the  people 

therefore  chose  two  judges,  of  Avliom  the  one  Avas  called  Nuno 

Rasuera,    and    the    other    Laj'n    Calvo,    Avho  married   Nuno's 

daughter,    Elvira    Nunez.       From    Nuno   Rasuera   King    Don 

Eerrando  descended,    and  from   Layn    Calvo,   Diego  Laynez, 

Avho  took  to  Avife  Dona  *  Teresa  Rodriguez,  the  daughter  of  Don 


'  He  was  lord  of  the  town  of  that  name,  now  a  small  place  about  two  leagues 
North  of  Burgos.  Berganza  conjectures  that  he  was  called  from  it  to  distinguish 
him  from  iiis  cousin  Rodrigo  Diaz,  son  of  Count  Don  Diego  de  Asturias, 

'  The  Chr.  del  Cid  calls  her  Dona  Teresa  Nunez,  and  her  father  Count  Nuno 
Alvarez  de  Amaya.      Berganza  (j.   10.  ^   II7.)  quotes   two    ancient  MSS.    to 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  9 

Rodrigo  Alvarez,  Count  and  Governor  of  Asturias,  and  had  by  BOOK 
her  this  Rodrigo.     In  the  year  of  the  Incarnation   1026  was   ^.J^ 
Rodrigo  born,  of  this  noble  lineage,  in  the  city  of  Burgos,  and 
in  the  street  of  St.  Martin,  hard  by  the  palace  of  the  Counts  of 
Castille,  where  Diego  Laynez  had  his^  dwelling.    In  the  church 
of  St.  Martin  was  he  baptized,  a  good  priest  of  Burgos,  whose 
name  was  Don  Pedro  de  Pernegas,  being  his  godfather :  and  chr.ddcid. 
to  this  church  Rodrigo  was  always  greatly  affectionate,  and  he  rB4««<,, 
built  the  belfrev  tower  *  thereof.  i.i-d'w. 

III.     At  this  time  it  came  to  pass  that  there  Avas  strife  be-  ofthestn/c 
tween  Count  Don  Gomez  the  Lord  of  Gormaz,  and  Diego  Lay-  c!Z"go. 
nez  the  father  of  Rodrigo ;  and  the  Count  insulted  Diego  and  otgn'tay. 

hi   1  -K -r  T-^ .  .  ^  nee,  and  how 

_,  nn  a  blow.     Aow  Diego  was   a  man  in  years,  and   his  fodrigos^eof 

strength  had  passed  fi-om  him,  so  that  he  could  not  take  ven- 
geance, and  he  retired  to  his  home  to  dwell  there  in  solitude  and 
lament  over  his  dishonour.  And  he  took  no  pleasure  in  his  food, 
neither  could  he  sleep  by  night,  nor  would  he  lift  up  his  eves 
fro}ii  the  ground,  nor  stir  out  of  his  house,  nor  conmiune  with  his 
friends,  but  turned  from  them  in  silence  as  if  the  breath  of  liis 


prove  that  her  name  was  Teresa  Rodriguez  ;  and  the  Cid's  own  name,  Rodrigo, 
must  be  admitted  as  some  presumption  in  their  favour.  One  of  these  authorities 
states  that  Diego  Laynez  and  his  wife  were  buried  at  S.  Pedro  dc  Cardena. 

'  In  Berganza's  days  the  Casas  del  Cid  were  shown  at  Burgos,  and  probably 
are  so  at  this  day.  The  Monastery  of  Cardena,  to  which  he  had  given  ihem, 
granted  them  to  the  city  upon  a  low  rent,  and  on  condition  that  the  arms  of 
Rodrigo  should  always  be  preserved  over  the  gateway,  in  token  of  respect  to 
him  who  was  so  great  an  honour  to  the  city,  and  by  them  the  arms  of  the 
Monastery,  in  memory  that  it  had  been  his  iniientor. 

Beiganza,  5.  10  §  129. 

'  For  this  Berganza  quotes  the  liistoria  de  Burgos  of  P.  Fray  Melchior  Prieto. 


4 


CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 


BOOK  shame  would  taint  them.  Rodrigo  was  yet  but  a  youth,  and  the 
^„4^  Count  was  a  mighty  man  in  arms,  one  Avho  gave  his  voice  first  in 
the  Cortes,  and  was  held  to  be  the  best  in  the  Avar,  and  so  pow- 
erfld  that  he  had  a  thousand  friends  among  the  mountains. 
Howbeit  all  these  things  appeared  as  nothing  to  Rodrigo  when  he 
thought  of  the  wrong  done  to  his  father,  the  first  which  had  ever 
been  offered  to  the  blood  of  Layn  Calvo.  He  asked  nothing  but 
justice  of  Heaven,  and  of  man  he  asked  only  a  fair  field  ;  and  his 
father  seeing  of  how  good  heart  he  was,  gave  him  his  sword  and 
his  blessinff.  The  sword  had  been  the  sword  of  Mudarra  in  for- 
mer  times,  and  Avhen  Rodrigo  held  its  cross  in  his  hand,  he  thought 
within  himself  that  his  arm  was  not  weaker  than  Mudarra's. 
And  he  went  out  and  defied  the  Count  and  slew  him,  and  smote 
off  his  head  and  carried  it  home  to  his  father.  The  old  man  Avas 
sitting  at  table,  the  food  lying  before  him  untasted,  Avhen  Rodrigo 
returned,  and  pointing  to  the  head  Avhich  hung  from  the  horse's 
collar,  dropping  blood,  he  bade  him  look  up,  for  there  Avas  the 
herb  Avhich  should  restore  to  him  his  appetite :  the  tongue,  quoth 
he,  Avhich  insulted  you,  is  no  longer  a  tongue,  and  the  hand  Avhich 
Avrongcd  you  is  no  longer  a  hand.  And  the  old  man  arose  and 
embraced  his  son  and  placed  him  above  him  at  the  table,  saying, 
xscohar,      that  he  Avho  had  brought  home  that  head  should  be  the  head  of 


the  house  of  Layn*  Calvo. 


Rom.  1,  2, 
3,4. 

H,nv  Rodri.       IV.     Aftcr  this  Diego  being  full  of  years  fell  asleep  and  Avas 

jicMoorTsft  gathered  to  his  fathers.     And  the  Moors  entered   Castillc,  in 

'"^^'        great  poAver,  for  there  came  Avith  them  five  Kings,  and  they  past 

above  Burgos,  and  crost  the  mountains  of  Oca,  and  plunder- 


'  The  death  of  Count  Gomez  is  mentioned  by  the  Chronicles,  Claiibav,  and 
Mariana,  but  not  the  cause  of  the  quarrel.  This,  with  the  circumstances  which 
iollow  it,  is  given  from  the  first  four  Ballads  in  Escobar's  collection. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^ 

ed  Carrion,  and  Vilforado,  and   Saint  Domingo  de  la  Calzada,  BOOK 
and  Logrono,  and  Najara,  and  all  that  land  ;  and  they  carried  ^' 
away  many  captives  both  male  and  female,  and  brood  mares,  and 
flocks  of  all  kinds.     But  as  they  Avere  returning  with  all  speed, 
Rodrigo  of  Bivar  raised  the  country,  and  came  up  with  them  in 
the  mountains  of  Oca,  and  fell  upon  them  and  discomfited  them, 
and  won  back  all  their  booty,  and  took  all  the  five  Kings  pri- 
soners.    Then  he  went  back  to  his  mother,  takino-  the  Kinos  with 
him,  and  there  he  divided  the  whole  spoil  Avith  the  hidalgos  and 
his  other  companions,  both  the  Moorish  captives  and  all  the  spoil 
of  whatever  kind,  so  that  they  departed  right  joyfully,  being 
well  pleased  with  what  he  had  done.     And  he  gave  thanks  to 
God  for  the  grace  which  had  -been  vouchsafed  to  him,  and  said 
to  his  mother,  that  he  did  Qot  think  it  good   to  keep  the  Kino-s 
in  captivity,  but  to  let  them  go  freely  ;  and  he  set  them  at  liberty 
and  bade  them  depart.    So  they  returned  each  to  his  own  coun- 
try, blessing  him  for  their  deliverance,  and  magnifying  his  great 
bounty  ;  and  forthwith  they  sent  him  tribute  and  acknowledged  cap^t'^'''' 
themselves  to  be  his  vassals.  /."lot!"'' 

V.     King  Don  Ferrando  was  going  thi'ough  Leon,  putting  the  wo»Aw,m 
Kingdom  in  order,  when  tidings  reached  him  of  the  good  speed  edTodriga 
which  Rodrigo  had  had  against  the  Moors.     And  at  the  same  ""^'ri«sl 
time  there  came  before  him  Ximena  Gomez,  the  daughter  of  tlic 
Count,  who  fell  on  her  knees  before  him  and  said.  Sir,  I  am 
the  daughter  of  Count  Don  Gomez  of  Gormaz,  and  Rodrioo 
of  Bivar  has  slain  the  Count  my  father,  and  of  three  daugh- 
ters whom  he  has  left  I  am  the  youngest.     And  Sir,  I  come  to 
crave  of  you  a  boon,  that  you  Avill  give  me  Rodrigo  of  Bi^ar  to 
be  my  husband,  Avith  whom  I  shall  hold  myself  ancII  married, 
and  greatly  honoured ;  for  certain  I  am  that  his  possessions  will 
one  day  be  greater  than  those  of  any  man  in  your  dominions. 
Certes  Sir,  it  behoves  you  to  do  this,  because  it  is  for  God's  ser- 


5  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  vice,  and  because  I  may  pardon  Rodrigo  with  a  good  will.     The 
,^,.^^    King  held  it  good  to  accomplish  her  desire  ;  and  forthwith  order- 
ed letters  to  be  drawn  up  to  Rodrigo  of  Bivar,  wherein  he  enjoin- 
ed and  commanded  him  that  he  should  come  incontinently  to  Pa- 
lencia,  for  he  had  much  to  comnumicate  to  liim,  upon  an  af- 
cap  3        fair  which  was  o-reatly  to  God  s  service,  and  his  own  welfare  and 

Chr.  Gen.  =>  '' 

ff.  194.       great  honour. 

How  Rodri-      VI.     When  Rodrigo  saw  the  letters  of  his  Lord  the  King  he 

\cTjorhis    greatly  rejoiced  in  them,  and  said  to  the  messengers  that  he  would 

wife* 

fulfil  the  King's  pleasure,  and  go  incontinently  at  his  command. 
And  he  dight  himself  full  gallantly  and  mcII,  and  took  with  him 
man}'  knights,  both  his  own  and  of  his  kindred  and  of  his  friends, 
and  he  took  also  many  new  arms,  and  came  to  Palencia  to  the 
King  with  two  hundred  of  his  peers  in  amis,  in  festival  guise ; 
and  the  King  went  out  to  ineet  him,  and  received  him  right  well, 
and  did  him  honour ;  and  at  this  were  all  the  Counts  displeased. 
And  when  the  King  thought  it  a  fit  season,  he  spake  to  him  and 
said,  that  Doiia  Ximeiia  G  omcz,  the  daughter  of  the  Count  whom 
he  had  slain,  had  come  to  ask  him  for  her  husband,  and  would  for- 
give him  her  father's  death  ;  Avherefore  he  besought  him  to  think 
it  good  to  take  her  to  be  his  wife,  in  which  case  he  would  sliO\\^ 
him  great  favour.  AVheii  Rodrigo  heard  this  it  pleased  him  well, 
and  he  said  to  the  King  that  he  would  do  his  bidding  in  this,  and  in 
all  other  things  which  he  mioht  command  ;  and  the  King  thanked 
him  much.  And  he  sent  for  the  Bishop  of  Palencia,  and  took 
their  vows  and  made  them  plight "  themselves  each  to  the  other 


°  This  inaniage,  with  all  its  circumstances,  has  been  doubted.  The  marriage 
settlement  of  the  Cid  to  Ximena  Diaz,  daughter  of  his  cousin  Count  Don  Diego 
de  Asturias,  is  extant  among  the  arcliivcs  at  Burgos,  and  has  been  printed  by 
Sandoval.  This  author  however,  who  is  sufficiently,  and  more  than  sufficient!}-, 
sceptical    concerning   the  history  of  the  Cid,    admits  that  the  marriage   with 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  7 

accordino-  as  the  law  directs.     And  when  they  were  espoused  the  BOOK 

O  ^  T 

Kino-  did  them  great  honour,  and  gave  them  many  noble  gifts,  — ;^ 
and  added  toRodrio;o's  lands  more  than  he  had  till  then  possessed : 
and  he  loved  him  greatly  in  his  heart,  because  he  saw  that  he 
was  obedient  to  his  commands,  and  for  all  that  he  had  heard  him  cap.' I 

Chr.  Gen. 

say.  i"''*- 

VII.     So  Rodrio-o  departed  from  the  king,  and  took  his  spouse  H<m-  RodH. 

<^  i  ^  ,  go  took  his 

Avith  him  to  the  house  of  his  mother,  and  gave  her  to  his  mo-  wife  home, 

"-^      _  and  oj  the 

ther's  keeping:.     And  forthwith  he  made  a  vow  in  hei-  hands  that  vow  which 

I        ^  he  maae. 

he  would  never  accompany  with  her,  neither  in  the  desert  nor  in 
the  inhabited  place,  till  he  had  won  five  battles  in  the  field. 
And  he  besought  his  mother  that  she  Avould  love  her  even  as  she 
loved  him  himself,  and  that  she  would  do  good  to  her  and  show 
her  great  honour,  for  which  he  should  ever  serve  her  Avith  the 
better  good  will.      And  his    mother  promised   him  so    to  do ; 

O  ^  .  Chr.delCid. 

and  then  he  departed  from   them   and  went  out  agamst  the  «?■  *; 

*  ^  Chr.  Gen. 

frontier  of  the  Moors.  ■^•'»^- 


Ximena  Gomez  is  asserted  in  so  many  manuscripts,  and  her  tomb  shown  with 
such  evident  authenticity  in  the  monastery  of  St.  Juan  de  Peua,  that  there  is 
evidence  enough  to  prove  two  marriages,  both  wives  having  the  same  baptismal 
name,  and  the  first  dying  young. — Ji/  bastantes  iiidkios,  y  digo  provanai  sirfi- 
cieiite,  para  ihzir,  que  Rodiigo  Diaz  fue  casado  dos  vezes,  una  en  tiempo  del  Rei/ 
Don  Fentando  con  Ximena  Gomez,  como  dizen  las  historias.  ff.  34. 

"  I  do  not,"  says  Berganza,  (5.  11.  §  132.)  hold  for  very  certain  what  is  related 
of  this  matcli;  because  of  the  suspicion  there  is  that  the  ancients  intermixed  in 
their  histories  some  marriage  adventures  taken  from  the  Joculars  {Juglares);  just 
as  in  these  times  the  composers  of  Comedies  are  wont  to  invent  such,  even  when 
they  are  treating  of  the  histories  of  saints."  If  however  it  be  admitted,  as  it  is, 
that  Rodriso  had  a  wife  named  Ximena  Gomez,  the  circumstances  of  that  mar- 
riage  are  not  to  be  disbelieved  for  their  singularity;  had  such  circumstances  ap- 
peared incredible,  or  repugnant  to  common  feeling,  they  would  not  liave  been  in- 
vented ; — whether  therefore  they  be  true  or  false,  they  are  equally  characteristic 
of  the  state  of  manners. 


3  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK      VITI.     Now  the  history  relates  that  King  Don  Ferrando  con- 
v^-v^  tended  with  King  Don  Raniiro  of  Aragon  for  the  city  of  Calahor- 
pitTcm.'    ra,  which  each  claimed  as  his  own  ;  in  such  guise  that  the  King  of 
uh^^a.  "  Aragon  ])laced  it  upon  the  trial  by  combat,  confiding  in  the 
prowess  of  Don  Martin  Gonzalez,  Avho  was  at  that  time  held  to 
be  the  best  knight  in  all  Spain.     King  Don  Ferrando  accepted 
the  challenge,  and  said  that  Rodrigo  of  Bivar  should  do  bat- 
tle on  his  part,  but  that  he  Avas   not  then  present.      And  they 
plighted  homage  on  both  parts  to  meet  and  bring  each  his  knight, 
and  the  knight  who  conquered  should  win  Calahorra   for  his 
Lord.      Having  ratified  this   engagement,   they  returned   into 
their  own  lands.     And  immediately  Ferrando  sent  for  Rodrigo 
of  Bivar,  and  told  him  all  the  matter  as  it  then  stood,  and  that 
'     he  was  to  do  battle.     Well  pleased  was  Rodrigo  Avhen  he  heard 
this,  and   he  accorded   to  all  that  the   King  had  said  that  he 
should  do  battle    for  him  upon  that   cause;  but  till   the  day 
arrived  he  must  needs,  he  said,  go  to  Compostella,  because  he 

Chr.iielCid.  .  1-1 

fup.6.       had  vowed  a  puojnmaffe  ;  and  the  Knig  was  content  therewith, 

Chr.  Gen.  .  . 

ff-  '«*        and  gave  him  great  gifts. 

ofthecha.       IX.     Rodrigo  forthwith  set  out  upon  the  road,  and  took  with 

hodngoto-  him  twenty  kniohts.     And  as  he  went  he  did  great  good,  and 


wards  the 


leper.  gavc  aluis,  feeding  the  poor  and  needy.  And  upon  the  way  they 
found  a  leper,  struggling  in  a  tpiagmire,  who  cried  out  to  them 
with  a  loud  voice  to  help  him  for  the  love  of  God;  and  when 
Rodrigo  heard  this,  he  alighted  from  his  beast  and  helped  him, 
and  placed  him  upon  the  beast  before  him,  and  carried  him 
with  him  in  this  manner  to  the  inn  where  he  took  up  his  lodg- 
ing that  night.  At  this  were  his  knights  little  pleased.  And 
when  supper  was  ready  he  bade  his  knights  take  their  seats,  and 
he  took  the  leper  by  the  hand,  and  seated  him  next  himself, 
and  ate  with  him  out  of  the  same  dish.  I'he  knights  were  greatly 
offended  at  this  foul  sight,  insomuch   that  they  rose  up  and  left 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  q 

tlie  cliambcr.  But  Rodrigo  ordered  abed  to  be  made  ready  BOOK 
for  himself  and  for  the  leper,  and  they  twain  slept  together.  When  -^^^ 
it  was  midnight  and  Rodrigo  was  fast  asleep,  the  leper  breathed 
aoainst  him  between  his  shoulders,  and  that  breath  Avas  so  strong 
that  it  passed  through  him,  even  through  his  breast ;  and  he  awoke, 
being  astounded,  and  felt  for  the  leper  by  him,  and  found  him 
not ;  and  he  began  to  call  him,  but  there  was  no  rej^ly.  Then 
lie  arose  in  fear,  and  called  for  light,  and  it  was  brought  him  ;  and 
he  looked  for  the  leper  and  could  see  nothing ;  so  he  returned 
into  the  bed,  leaving  the  light  burnins;.  And  he  beoan  to  think 
within  himself  what  had  happened,  and  of  that  breath  which 
had  passed  through  him,  and  how  the  leper  Avas  not  there. 
After  a  while,  as  he  Avas  thus  musing,  there  appeared  before 
him  one  in  Avhite  garments,  avIio  said  unto  him,  Sleepest  thou  or 
Avakest  thou,  Rodrigo?  and  he  answered  and  said,  I  do  not 
sleep  :  but  Avho  art  thou  that  bringest  Avith  thee  such  brightness 
and  so  sweet  an  odour?  Then  said  he,  I  am  Saint  Lazarus, 
and  knoAv  that  I  Avas  the  leper  to  Avliom  thou  didst  so  much 
good  and  so  great  honour  for  the  love  of  God  ;  and  because 
thou  didst  this  for  his  sake  hath  God  noAv  granted  thee  a 
great  gift ;  for  Avhensoever  that '  breath  Avhich  thou  hast  felt  sliall 
come  upon  thee,  Avhatever  thing  thou  desirest  to  do,  and  shalt  then 
begin,  that  shalt  thou  accomplish  to  thy  heart's  desire,  Avhether 
it  be  in  battle  or  aught  else,  so  that  thy  honour  shall  go  on 


^  E  por  el  bkn  que  tu  por  el  su  amor  mefeziste,  otorgate  Dios  tin  gran  don,  que 
quando  el  bafo  que  sentiste  ante  te  teniere,  que  cumiences  la  cosa  que  qu/sieres  fazer; 
asu  como  en  lides,  o  en  otras  cosas,  tockis  las  acaOaras  complidamente. 

Both  the  Chronica  del  Cid  aud  the  Chronica  General  have  this  passage.  It  is 
remarkable  that  the  promised  token  is  never  afterwards  referred  to.  Tlie  Baikid 
which  appears  to  be  one  of  the  more  ancient  ones^  omits  tiie  circumstance  alto- 
gether.     Sepulveda,ff.66.     Escobar,  Rum.  \2. 

C 


10  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  increasing  from  day  to  day;  and  thou  slialt  be  feared  both  bj 
v^,,.^!^  JNIoors  and  Christians,  and  thy  enemies  shall  never  prevail 
against  thee,  and  thou  shalt  die  an  honourable  death  in  thine 
own  house,  and  in  thy  renown,  for  God  hath  blessed  thee  ; — 
therefore  go  thou  on,  and  evermore  persevere  in  doing  good  ; 
and  with  that  he  disappeared  *.  And  Rodrigo  arose  and 
prayed  to  our  lady  and  intercessor  St.  Mary,  that  she  Avould 
pray  to  her  blessed  son  for  him   to  watch   over   both  his  body 


'  This  miracle  of  the  leper  is  sufficiently  common  in  hagiology.  Simam 
Rodriguez,  who  introduced  the  Jesuits  into  Portugal,  took  one  in  like  manner 
into  his  bed,  who  disappeared  during  the  night ;  por  teiUura,  sent  saber  quem 
agusalhava,  recolhia  ao  mesmo  C/iristo,  says  I'ellez.  In  most  of  these  miraculous 
stories  charity  is  carried  to  an  excess  at  once  loathsome  and  ridiculous.  Thus 
in  the  Chronicle,  cliz  que  les  semejava  que  cai/a  la  gafcdad  en  la  escudilla  en  que 
comia. 

Berganiia  displays  some  right  Catholic  logic  upon  this  subject.  We  believe, 
lie  says,  the  cruelty  of  Dives  towards  Lazarus  in  refusing  him  the  crumbs  which 
fell  from  his  table ;  why  then  should  w€  not  believe  that  the  human  heart  is 
capable  of  an  equal  degree  of  charity?  And  as  if  to  show  there  was  nothing 
extraordinary  in  the  miracle,  he  relates  three  such,  one  of  which  happened 
"  about,  if  not  at  the  very  same  time,  to  Pope  Leo  IX."  The  devotion  of  the 
Cid  to  St.  Lazarus  is  brought  forward  in  proof  of  the  trulh  of  the  story.  He  gave 
certain  houses  in  Palcncia  lo  form  a  parish  and  hospital  under  his  invocation,  and 
established  a  brotherhood  (Cofradia)  of  knights  in  the  hospital  to  attend  to  the 
lepers.  This  institution  was  revived  by  Don  Alonzo  Martinez  de  Olivera,  one 
of  his  descendants,  as  appears  by  his  will,  and  by  a  privilege  of  Fernando  IV. 
granted  in  I'.QG.  Another  proof  is,  that  the  promise  of  perpetual  success  made 
by  the  Saint  was  accomplished. 

Leprosy  is  a  disease  so  loathsome,  and  was  considered  as  so  dreadfully  in- 
fectious, that  it  is  easy  to  conceive  how  charity  towards  a  leper  should  be  con- 
sidered as  an  effort  of  heroic  piety. — \Miy  was  there  a  sort  of  infamy  attached  to 
it."  A  clergyman  becoming  a  leper  was  to  be  superseded,  and  just  enough 
allowed  him  from  his  former  preferment  to  subsist  upon  ;  but  if  he  were  dis- 
abled by  any  other  disease,  a  coadjutor  was  allowed  him,  and  he  was  to  receive 
half  his  income,  and  retain  his  rank.     1  Faitlda.  Tit.  iG.  /.  18. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


11 


and  soul  in  all  his  undertakings;  and  he  continued  in  prayer  BOOK 
till  the  day  broke.  Then  he  proceeded  on  his  way,  and  per-  .^^^ 
formed  his  pilgrimage,  doing  much  good  for  the  love  of  God  and  cap'.f^'''' 
of  St.  JSIary.  ^        ^  fs';;  ^"'■ 

X.     Now-  the  day  came  -which  had  been  appointed  for  the  o/ the  com. 
combat  concerning  CalahoiTa,  between  Rodrigo  and  Don  Mar-  wasfiught. 
tin    Gonzalez,    and    Rodrigo   was    not   arrived ;    therefore   his  fi<"T«. 
cousin  Alvar  Fanez  IMinaya  undertook  the  battle  in  his  stead, 
antl  ordered  his  horse  to  he  harnessed »  right  well.     Wlule  he 
was  arming  himself  Rodrigo  came  up  and   took   the   horse  of 
Alvar   Fanez,    and   entered   the  lists  ;    Don   INIartin   Gonzalez 
did  the  same,  and   the  judges   placed   them   fairly,  each  in  his 
place,  so  that  neither  should  have  the  sun  in  his  eyes  '".    They 
ran    their   career,  one  against  the    other,    and  met  so  fiercely    ' 
that  their  lances  brake,  and  both   were  sorely  wounded ;  but 
Don  Martm  began  to  address  Rodrigo,  thinkino;  to  dismay  him  : 
Greatly  dost  thou  now  repent,  Don  Rodrigo,  said  he,  that  thou 
hast  entered  into  these  hsts  Avith  me ;  for  I  shall  so  handle  thee 
that  never  shalt  thou  many  Dona  Ximena  thy  spouse,  whom 
thou  lovest  so  Avell,  nor  ever  return  alive  to  Castille.     Rodrigo 
waxed  angry   at  these  words,  and  he  replied.  You  are  a  good 


*  Mando  armar  su  caialto  muy  bieii.  Harness,  it  may  be  remembered,  is  a 
word  used  in  our  Bible  for  armour. 

"  Partieronles  el  so/.  The  phrase  is  remarkable,  aud  may  best  be  rendered 
by  explaining  it.  AJany  battles,  in  what  the  Spaniards  call  the  days  of  the 
shield  and  lance,  have  been  lost  because  the  conquered  army  had  their  faces- 
towards  the  sun. 

"  Ecjually  without  any  (avour  distributed  to  them  the  sun — "  is  the  way  in 
which  Anthony  Munday  expresses  this.     Primaleon,  P.  l.page  201. 


12  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  knio-ht,  Don  Martin  Gonzalez,  but  these  words  are  not  suitable 

T  O  ' 

^;^  to  this  place,  for  in  this  business  we  have  to  contend  with  hands 
and  not  with  empty  speeches  ;  and  the  power  is  in  God  who  will 
give  the  honour  as  he  thinketh  best.  And  in  his  anger  he  made 
at  him,  and  smote  him  upon  his  helmet,  and  the  sword  cut 
throuoli  and  wounded  as  much  of  the  head  as  it  could  reach, 
so  tliat  he  was  sorely  hurt  and  lost  much  blood.  And  Don 
Martin  Gonzalez  struck  at  Rodrigo,  and  the  sword  cut  into 
the  shield,  and  he  plucked  it  towards  him  that  with  main  force 
he  made  Rodrigo  lose  the  shield  ;  but  Rodrigo  did  not  forget 
himself,  and  Avounded  him  again  in  the  face.  And  they  both 
became  greatly  enraged,  and  cruel  against  each  other,  striking 
without  mercy,  for  both  of  them  Averc  men  Avho  knew  Iioav  to 
demean  themselves.  But  Avhilc  they  thus  struggled  Don 
Martin  Gonzalez  lost  much  blood,  and  for  very  weakness 
he  could  not  hold  himself  upon  his  horse,  but  fell  from  his 
horse  upon  the  ground  ;  and  Rodrigo  alighted  and  Avent  to  him 
and  slew  him  :  and  Avhen  he  had  slain  him  he  asked  the  judges 
if  there  Avas  any  thing  more  to  be  done  for  the  right  of  Cala- 
horra  :  and  they  made  ansAver  that  there  Avas  not.  Then  came 
the  King  Don  Fcrrando  to  him,  and  alighted  by  him,  and 
helped  to  disarm  him,  and  embraced  him  much  ;  and  Avhen  he 
Avas  disarmed  he  Avent  Avith  him  from  the  field,  he  and  all  the  Cas- 
tillians  greatly  rejoicing ;  but  as  great  as  Avas  the  pleasure  of 
King  Don  Ferrando  and  his  people,  so  great  Avas  the  sorroAv  of 
Kino-  Don  Ramiro  of  Arasjon  and  of  his.  And  he  ordered  them 
to  take  up  Don  Martin  Gonzalez,   and   they   carried   the   body 

cap.  8.       into  his  OAvn  lands,  and  he  Avent  Avith  it,  and  Calahorra  remained 

Chr.  Gen. 

lae.         in  the  poAver  of  King  Don  Ferrando. 

How  the  _         XI.     ]5ut    Avheu    the   Counts  of  Castillo    saAv  how   Rodrigo 

Couiits  plot-  ^ 

tedagainst   incrcascd   dav  by  day  in  honour,  they  took  counsel  toocther 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR 


13 


that  they  should  plot  with  the  INIoors,  and   fix  a  day  of  battle  BOOK 
with  them  on   the  day  of  the  Holy  Cross  in  May,  and  that  they  ^^^^ 
should  invite  Rodrigo  to  this  battle,  and  contrive  with  the  INIoors 
that  they  should  slay  him  ;  by  which  means  they  should  be  re- 
venged upon  him,  and  remain  masters  of  Castille,  which  now  be- 
cause of  him  they  could  not  be.     This  counsel  they  sent  to  com- 
municate to  the  Moors   and    to  the   Moorish   Kinus    who   were 
Rodrigo's  vassals,   being  those  whom  he  had  made  prisoners 
and  set  at  libert\\     But  they,  when  they  saw  this  counsel  and 
the  falshood  Avliich  was  devised,  took  the  letters  of  the  Counts, 
and  sent  them   to  Rodrigo  their  Lord,   and   sent  to  tell   him 
all    the    secret    of  the  treason.     And    Rodrio-o    thanked   them 
greatly  for  their  good  taith,  and  took  the  letters  and  carried  to 
the  King,  and  showed  him  all  the   enmity  of  the   Counts,   and 
especially  of  the  Count  Don  Garcia,  who  was  afterwards  called 
of  Cabra.     AVhcn  the  King  saw  this  as  it  Avas,  he  was  astonished 
at  their  great  falshood,  and  he  issued  his  letters  in  which  he 
ordered  them  to  leave  his  dominions;  then  he  went  to  Santiag-o 
on   a  pilgrimage,    and   ordered   Rodrigo   to   cast  these   Counts 
out  of  the  land  ;    and  Rodrigo  did  as  the  King  commanded 
him.     Then  Dona  Elvira  his  kinswoman,  the  wife  of  the  Count 
Don   Garcia,    came  and  fell    on   her  knees    betore  him ;    but 
Rodrigo  took  her  by  the  hand  and  raised  her  up,  and  would 
not  hear  her  till  she  w^as  arisen.     And  when  he  had  raised  her 
up  she  said,  I  beseech  you  Cousin,  since  you   have  banished 
me  and  my  husband,  that  you  would  give  us  a  letter  to  some 
King  Avho  is  one  of  your  vassals,  enjoining  him  to  befriend  us, 
and  give  us  something  for  your  sake  Avhereon  Ave  may  live      So 
he  gave  her  a  letter  to  the  King  of  Cordova,  Avho  received  her 
and  her  husband  avcII  for  the  love  of  Rodrigo,  and  gave  Cabra 
to  him,  that  he  and  liis  people  niiglu  dwell  therein.     This  Count  S?f  ^"'' 
was  afterwards  so  ungratclid  to  the  King  of  Cordova  that  he'^^o-^'"' 


14 


CHllONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 


BOOK  made  war  upon  him  from  Cabra  which  the  King  had  given  hinu 
^^^.J.,^   till  Rodrigo  "  came  and  took  iK 

Ho,c  PodH-       XII.     'I'he  history  rclateth  tliat  at  this  time  while  the  King 
f'rfat'vu'-''  was  in  Galicia,  tiie  ]\Ioors  entered  Estremadura,  and  the  peo- 
Afwrs."^  ^  pie  called  upon  Rodrigo  of  15ivar  to  help  them.     And  when  he 
heard  the  summons  he  made  no  delay,  but  gathered  together 
his  kinsmen  and  liis  friends,  and  went  against  the  misbelievers. 
And  he  came  uj)  with  them  between  Atienza  and  8an  Estevan 
de  Gormaz,   as  they  Avere  carrying  away  a  great  booty  in  cap- 
tives and  in  flocks,  and  there  he  had  a  brave  battle  Avith  them 
in  the  field  ;  and  in  fine  Rodrigo  conquered,  smiting  and  slay- 
ing, and  the  pursuit  lasted  for  seven  leagues,  and  he  recovered 
all  the  spoil,  which  Avas  so  great  that  two  hundred  horses  Avere 
the  fifth,  for  the  Avhole  spoil  Avas  Avorth  a  hundred  times  a  thou- 
sand maravedis.     Rodrigo  divided  the  Avhole  among  his  people 
Avithout  covetousness,  and  returned  Avith  great  honour. 
Of  the  XIII.     NoAV  the  greater  part  of  these  Moors  had  been  they 

^^"^""^  of  Merida,  Badajoz,  Beja,  and  Evora,  and  the  King  Avas 
minded  to  requite  them  in  their  OAvn  land  according  to  their 
deeds  ;  and  he  entered  into  the  heart  of  their  country,  carrying 
with  him  fire  and  sAvord,  and  pressed  them  sorely  so  that  they 
yielded  vassalage.  Tlien  turning  through  Portugal,  he  Avon  the 
toAvn  of  Sea,  Avhich  Avas  upon  the  Avestern  slope  of  the  Serra  da 
Estrella ;  and  also  another  toAvn  called  Ganme,  the  site  Avhereof 
cannot  noAv  be  known,  for  in  course  of  years  names  change  and  are 
forgotten.  And  proceeding  Avith  his  conquests  he  laid  siege  to 
the  city  of  Viseu,  that  he  might  take  vengeance  for  the  death  of 


Chr.ftdCid. 
cap.  1 1 . 
Chr.  Gen. 
197. 


"  Como  vos  lo  conttira  adehitite  la  Jii/.storia,  says  the  Chronica  del  C'ul,  and 
the  promise  is  repeated  in  the  Chionka  General ;  but  no  such  account  is  to  be 
found  in  either. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ*  DE    BIVAIl.  ^  r; 


iJ 


King  Don  Alfonso,  his  wife's  father,  who  had  been  slain  before  BOOK 
that  city.     But  the  people  of  Viseu,  as  they  lived  with  this  fear  ^;^ 
before  their  eyes,  had  fortified  their  city  well,  and  stored  it  abun- 
dantly witli   all  things    needful,  and  moreover,   they  put  their 
trust  in  their  Alcayde,  who  was  an  African,   by  name  Cid  Ala- 
fum,  a  man  tried  in  arms.    He  encouraged  them,  saying  that  the 
city  could  not  bp  taken  in  ten  years,  by  a  greater  power  than 
the  Christians ;  and  there  were  many  good  arbalisters  in  the  city, 
who  shot  so  strono;  that  neither  shield  nor  armour  availed  ao-ainst 
then-  quarrels.     King  Don  Ferrando  therefore  ordered  mantles  to 
be  made,  and  also  pavaises  to  protect  his  people;  and  moreover  he 
enjoined  them  to  fasten  boards  upon  their  shields,  so  that  the  quar- 
rels from  the  cross-bows  might  not  pierce  through.     And  he  con- 
tinued for  eighteen  days  to  combat  the  city,  keeping  such  good 
watch,  thatneither  could  they  within  receive  help  from  without,  nor 
themselves  issue  forth ;  and  on  the  eighteenth  day,  which  Avas  the 
Vesper  of  St.  Peter's,  he  won  the  city  by  force  of  arms  ;  and  few 
were  they  avIio  escaped  from  the  sword  of  the  conquerors,  except 
those  who  retreated  with  Alafum  into  the  castle.     And  on  the 
following  day  at  the  hour  of  tierce  they  also  came  to  terms,  and 
yielded   themselves  to  his  mercy,   saving  their  lives.      In  this 
manner  was  Viseu  ^-^  recovered  by  the  Christians,  and  never  after 
did  that  city  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  barbarians.     And  the 


■'  The  particulars  of  tliis  siege  are  recorded  in  a  MS.  Chronicle  which  be- 
longed to  Andre  de  Resende,  better  known  to  antiqi..-»rians  by  his  latinized  name,. 
Resendius.     Both  Brito  and  Sandoval  relate  them  from  this  source. 

The  Alcayde  had  lands  given  him  by  ['orraado,  where  his  name  is  still  pre- 
served, a  Sena  being  still  called  Monte  Alafom,  and  the  whole  district  the 
Concelho  de  Ahifoens,  from  whence' the  ducal  title,  lately  extinct  in  the  person  of 
Don  Joam  Carlos  de  Braganza,  Sousa,  e  Ligae,  the  third  Duke. 

Brilo,  P.  2.  L.  7.  C  28, 


IQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    ClD, 

BOOK  Moor  who  luul  slain  Khm  Don '^  Alfonso  fell  into  Ferrando's 
s^^^  power,  and  llic  King  took  vengeance  and  punished  him  in  all 
Brito.  Mo„.  ^]^^,   parts  which  had  offended ;  he  cut  off  the  foot  whicii  had 

J.n$itcma,  i 

Par.ajib.;.  pi-est  down  the  '*  Armatost,  and  lopl  off  the  hands  which  had 
Sandoval,  j^^^jj  ^j^^  ^^^^^,  ,^,_j^|  ^j^^^.j  ^jjp  q^arrcl,  and  plucked  out  the  eyes 
cvn-.rfdcrf.  ^y|^-(,]j  j^j^j  taken  the  mark  ;  and  the  living  trunk  was  then  set 
los!   '"■    up  as  a  butt  for  the  archci-s. 

Of  the  XIV.     In  all  these  wars    there  was    not  a  man  who   bore 

Lumf^o  greater  part,  or  did  better  feats  in  arms,  than  Eodrigo  of  Bivar. 
And  the  King  went  up  against  Lamego,  and  besieged  it. 
Now  Zadan  Aben  Iluim,  son  of  Iluim  Alboazem,  the  King 
thereof,  was  mightier  than  all  the  Kings  who  had  reigned  be- 
fore him  in  Lamego,  and  he  had  peopled  man}^  places  from 
the  Douro  *^  even  to  the  rivers  Tavora  and  A^ouga.  And  be- 
cause he  Avas  well  beloved  and  his  city  avcII  stored  and  strong, 
all  the  chief  INIoors  in  that  district  being  dismayed  by  the  fall 
of  Viseu,  retired  into  it,  to  be  under  his  protection.     But  mau- 


"  Alfonso  V.  Having  laid  siege  to  Viseuj  he  rode  out  one  day  to  reconnoitre, 
with  nothing  on  but  his  shirt  and  his  cloak,  on  account  of  tlie  heat.  This  Moor 
took  aim  at  him,  and  tliougli  he  was  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  walls, 
.shot  him  between  the  shoulders, — being,  says  Morales,  the  first  and  last  of  ous 
Kino^s  who  died  in  war  against  the  Moors.     He  was  slain  in  the  year  1027. 

"  The  Armatuste  was  an  instrument  used  for  <harging  the  cross-bow  at  this 
time,  as  they  were  not  made  of  steel,  says  Brito.  According  to  this  author  the 
foot  was  used  to  press  the  bow  down;  but  in  the  original  document  it  is  called 
the  foot  of  the  Armatost,  which  seems  as  if  it  acted  upon  the  instrument  like  a 
lever. 

'^  Duero  is  tiie  Spanish  orthograpy.  I  prefer  the  Portugueze,  beca''se 
though  the  river  rises  in  Spain,  it  falls  into  the  Sea  in  Portugal;  and  it  seems  right 
to  adopt  that  name  by  which  it  is  known  where  it  is  of  most  importance. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  3  y 

gre  all  their  power,  King  Don  Ferrando  girt  the  city  roundabout,  BOOK 
and  brought  against  it  so  many  engines,  and  so  many  bastilles,   ,^„.^ 
that  Zadan  submitted,    and  opened   his  gates  on  the  twenty- 
second  of  July,  the  day  of  St.  IVIary  Magdalene,  being  twent}-- 
five   days    after   the    capture    of  Viseu.     And    Zadan    became  Britonion. 
tributary  to  the  King,  and  the  King  took  with  him  many  of  f ""c.  fg/'" 
the  Moors,  to  be  employed  in  building  up  the  churches  which  «?'.  13. 
had  fallen  to  iiiin  since  the  land  Avas  lost.  /.  Vgs.^"" 

XV.     All  this  while  was  Coimbra  in  the  power  of  the  mis-  ofthesiege 
believers.      And    the  Abbot   of  Lorvam  took  counsel  Avith  his  " 
IMonks,  and  they  said,    Let  us  go  to  King  Ferrando  and  tell 
him  the  state  of  the  city.  And  the}^  chose  out  two  of  the  brethren 
for  this  errand.     ^\  hen  the  Moors  therefore  Avho  came  to  hunt 
among  the  mountains  took  uj)  their  lodging  in  the  IMonastery 
as    they  Avere  Avont  to  do,    these    tAvaiii  said  unto    them,  We 
AAould    go    to  the   holy   Domiiucum,    to    say  prayers    there  for 
our  sins.      So  feigning   this  to  be  their   emmd  they  set  forth, 
and  came  to  the  King  in  the  toAvn  of  Carrion,  and  spake  unto 
him  in  council,   saying.    Sir    King,  we  come    to   you   through 
AA^aters  and  OAcr  mountains  and  by  bad  Avays,  to  tell  you  con- 
cerning  Coimbra  in  Avhat  plight  it  is,  if  yovi   desire  to  knoAv, 
and    in    Avhat  guise  the  Moors    dAvell    therein,  Avhat  they  are 
and  hoAA-  many,  and  Avith  hoAA^  little  heed  they  keep  the  city. 
And  he  said  unto  them,    I  beseech  ye,   for  the  love  of  God, 
say  on.     Then  told  they  liim  Avhat  they  knew  :  and  the  King 
took  counsel  upon    this   matter   Avith   Rodrigo   of  Bivar,    and 
Rodrigo  said,  that  certes  the  Lord  Avould  help  him  to  Avin  the 
city  ;  and  he  said  that  he  would  fain  be  knighted  by  the  King's 
hand,  and   that  it  seemed  to  him  noAV  that  he  should  receive 
knighthood   at   his    hand    in  Coimbra.     A  covenant  Avas  then 
made  with  the  tAvo  Monks,  that  they  should  go  Avith  the  army 
against  the  city  in  the  month  of  January  Avithout  fail.     Nqav 


jg  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

this  was  in 'October.  Incontinently  the  King  sent  to  snmmon 
his  knights  and  people,  and  Avhea  one  part  of  them  had  assem- 
bled at  Santa  Maria,  he  bade  them  do  all  the  damage  they 
could  against  Coimbra,  and  ravage  the  country,  M'hich  accord- 
ingly they  did.  In  the  mean  time  the  King  made  a  pilgrimage  to 
Santiao-o,  as  Rodriso  had  exhorted  him  to  do  ;  and  he  remained 
there  three  days  and  nights  in  prayer,  offering  great  gifts,  and 
taking  upon  himself  great  devotion,  that  it  might  please  God 
to  fulfil  his  desire.  And  with  the  help  of  Santiago  he  gathered 
too-ether  a  great  host,  and  went  up  against  Coimbra  in  the 
month  of  January,  even  as  he  had  covenanted,  and  laid  siege 
to  it.  And  he  fought  against  the  city  all  February,  and  March, 
and  April,  May  and  June,  five  months  did  lie  fight,  and  could 
not  prevail  against  it.  And  Avhen  July  came  the  food  of  the 
besiegers  failed  them,  insomuch  that  they  had  only  the  dole 
for  a  few  days  left ;  then  the  baggage  was  made  ready,  and 
the  sumpter-beasts  and  serving-men  were  ordered  to  depart  for 
Leon,  and  proclamation  was  made  in  the  camp  that  the  army 
should  remain  yet  four  days,  and  on  the  fifth  they  might  break 
up  and  depart  every  one  to  his  own  house.  But  then  the  INIonks 
of  Lorvam  and  the  Abbot  consulted  together  and  said.  Let  us 
now  go  to  the  King  and  give  him  all  the  food  which  we  have,  both 
oxen  and  cows,  and  sheep  and  goats  and  swine,  wheat  and 
barley  and  maize,  bread  and  wine,  fish  and  fowl,  even  all  that 
we  have;  for  if  the  city,  which  God  forbid,  should  not  be  Avon 
by  the  Christians,  Ave  may  no  longer  abide  here.  Then  Avent 
they  to  the  King  and  gave  him  all  their  stores '",  both  of  flocks 
and  herds,  and  pulse,   and  Avine  beyond  measure,  Avhich  they 


"  Berganza  intimates  a  possibility  that  these   stores  were  miraculously  in- 
creased by  the  prayers  of  the  Monks. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jq 

had  for  a  long  time  stored.     Then  was  there  abundance  in  the  BOOK 
camp;    but  they   who  were  within  the    city  waxed  feeble  for  ,^J^ 
hunger  and  long  suffering,  because   the   Christians  beset  them 
on  all  sides,  and  AvaiTed  upon  them  hotly,  and  brought  their 
engines  to  bear  on  every  part,  and  the  walls  of  the  city  were 
broken    down.      AVhen   the  Moors  saw  this  they  came  to  the 
King,  and  fell  at  his  feet,  and  besought  him  of  his  mercy  that 
he  Avould  let  them  depart,  leaving  to  him  the  city  and  all  that 
they  had  therein,  for  they  asked  for  nothing  but    their  lives. 
And  the  King  had  compassion  upon  them  and  granted  their  Brim  m,,. 
prayer;  and  the  city  was  yielded  to  him  on  a  Sunday  at  the  t.T.af. 
hour  of  tierce,  which  was  before  a  week  had  run  out  since  the  ^^  i!. 
Monks  of  Lorvam  had  succoured  the  host.  /.  los. 

WI.     Xow  it  came  to  pass  that  while  the  King  lay  before  HoicSaMia- 
Coimbra,  there  came  a  pilgrim  from  the  land  of  Greece  on  nil-  totheCrtek 
grimage  to  Santiago  ;  his  name  was  Estiano,  and  he  was  a  Bishop. 
And  as  he  was  praying  in  the  church  he  heard  certain  of  the  towns- 
men and  of  the  pilgrims  saying  that  Santiago  was  wont  to  appear 
in  battle  like  a  knight,    in  aid  of  the  Christians.      And  when 
he  heard  this  it  nothing  pleased  him,  and  he  said  unto  them, 
Friends,  call  him  not  a  knight,  but  rather  a  fisherman.     Upon 
this  it  pleased  God  that  he  should  fall  asleep,  and  in  his  sleep 
Santiago  appeared  to  him  with  a  good  and  chearful  countenance, 
holding  in  his  hand  a  bunch  of  kevs,  and  said  unto  him.  Thou 
thinkest  it  a  fable  that  they  should  call  me  a  knight,  and  sayest 
that  I  am  not  so :   for  this  reason  am  I  come  unto  thee  that 
thou  never  more  mayest  doubt  concerning  my  knighthood  ;  for 
a  knight  of  Jesus  Christ  I  am,  and  a  helper  of  the  Christians 
against   the  ]\loors.      While  he  was   thus   saying  a  horse  Avas 
brought  him  the  which  was  exceeding  Avhitc,  and  the  Apostle 
Santiago  mounted  upon  it,  being  Avell  clad  in  bright  and  fair 
armour,  after  the  manner  of  a  knight.     And  he  said  to  Estiano, 


20  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

I  go  to  help  Kino;  Don  Ferrand     who    has   hiin    these   seven 

months   before  Coinibra,   and  to-nioiTow,  witli  these  keys  wliich 

thou  seest,   Avill   I  open  the  gates  of  tlic   city   vuito  him  at  the 

hour  of  tierce,   and  deliver  it  into  his  hand.     Having  said  this 

he  departed.     And  the  Bishop  when  he  awoke  in  the  morning 

called    together   the    clergy    and    people    of  Compostella,    and 

^ap.14.  ' '  told  them  what  he  had  seen  and  heard.     And  as  he  said,  even 

ff/ioa!"     so  did  it  come  to  pass  ;  for  tidings  came  that  on  that  day,  and  at 

Rom.  13.     the  hour  of  tierce,  the  gates  of  the  city  had  been  opened. 

Of tht grant      XVII.     Kiug    Don    Ferrando    then    assembled    his    Counts 

Kini: lathe   and  chief  captains,  and  told  them  all  tliat  the  Monks  of  Lorvam 

monks  ^f 

Lormm.      had  donc,  in  bringing  him  to  besiege  the  city,  and  in  supj)lying 

his  army  in  their  time  of  need  :  and  the  Counts  and  chief  captains 

made  answer  and  said,  Certes,  O  King,  if  the  ]\Ionks  had  not 

given  us  the  stores  of  their  Monastery,  thou  couldest  not  have 

taken  the   city  at  this    time.     The    King  then  called  for    the 

Abbot  and  the  brethren,  for  they  were  with  him  in  the  host, 

and  said  the  hours  to  him   daily,  and  mass  in  St.  Andre's,  and 

buried  there  and  in  their  Monastery  as  many  as  had  died  during 

the  siege,  either  of  arrow-wounds  or  by  lances,  or  of  their  own 

infirmities.      So  they  came  before  him  and  gave  him  joy  of  his 

conquest ;  and  he  said  unto  them,  Take  ye  noAv  of  this  city  as 

nuich  as  ye  desire,  since  by  God's  favour  and  your  council  I 

have  Avon  it.     But  they  made  answer.  Thanks  be  to  God  and 

to  3^ou,  and  to  3'our  forefathers,  we  have  enough  and  shall  have, 

if  so  be  that  we  have  your  favour  and  dwell  among  Christians. 

Only  for  the  love  of  God,  arid  for  the  remedy  of  your  oavu  soul, 

give  us  one  church  with  its  dwelling  houses  Avithin  the  city,  and 

confirm  unto  us  the  gifts   made  to   us  in  old   times   by   your 

forefathers,  and  the  good  men  to  whom  God  give  a  happy  rest. 

With  that  the  King  turned  to  his  sons  and  his  soldiers,  and  said, 

Of  a  truth,  by  our  Creator,  these  who  desire  so  little  are  men 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^J 

of  God.       I    would    have  given  them  half  the  city,  and  they  BOOK 
will  have  only  a  single    church  !     Now    therefore,    since    they  ^^^^ 
require   but   this,    on    the   part  of  God  Almighty  let  us  grant 
and    confirm    unto    them    what    they    ask,    to    the    honour  of 
God  and  St.    Mamede.      And  the  brethren  brought  him  their 
chartei-s  of  King  Ramiro,   antl  King  Bermudo,  and  King  Al- 
fonso, and  of  Gonzalo  JNloniz,  who  was  a  knight  and  married 
a  daughter  of  King  Bermudo,  and  of  other  good  men.     And 
the  King  confirmed  them,  and  he  bade  them  make  a  writing  of 
all  which  had  passed   between   him   and  them  at  the  siege  of 
Coimbra ;  and  when  they  brought  him  the  writing,  they  brought 
him  also  a  crown  of  silver  and  of  gold,  which  had  been  King 
Bermudo's,  and  which  Gonzalo  j\foniz  had  given  to  the  Mo- 
nastery in  honour  of  God  and  St.   Mamede.     The  Kins:  saw 
the  crown,  how  it  was  set  Avith  precious   stones,  and  said  to 
them.   To  what    end    bring  ye  hither  this  crown?     And  they 
said.    That  you  should    take    it.    Sire,    in  return  for  the  good 
wliich  you  have  done  us.     But  he  ansAvered,  Far  be  it  from  me 
that  I  should  take  from  your  Monastery  what  the  good  men 
before  ine  have  given  to  it !     Take  ye   back   the   crown,  and 
take  also  ten  marks  of  siher,  and    make    with   the  money  a 
good  cross,  to  remain  with  you  for  ever.     And  he    who  shall 
befriend  you,  may  God  befriend  him  ;  but  he  who  shall  disturb 
you  or  your  Monaster}',  may  he  be  cursed  by  the  living  God 
and  by  his  Saints.     So  the  King  signed  the  Avriting  which  he 
had  commanded  to  be  made,  and  his  sons  and  chief  captains 
signed  ''  it    also,    and  in    the  writing  he  enjoined  his  children 


"  The  history  of  the  siege  of  Coimbra,  as  far  as  the  Monks  of  Lorvam  are 
concerned,  is  preserved  in  this  very  writing,  to  which  among  other  witnesses, 
the  name  of  Rodrigo  Diaz  appears.     Biito  has  printed  tlie  original  Latin  in  the 


22  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  his  children's  children,  as  many  as  should  come  after  him, 

^^^   to  hononr  and   protect  the   Monastery  ot"  Lorvam,    upon  his 

blessino-  he  charo;ed  them  so  to  do,  because  he  had  found  the 

£«.2.7."28.  brethren  better  than  all  the   other  Monks  in  his  dominions. 

HowRo.         XVIII.     Then    King    Don    Ferrando   knighted   Rodrigo    of 

knQbud.     Bivar  in  the  great   mosque  of  Coimbra,    which    he    dedicated 

to  St.  INIary.     And  the  ceremony  was  after  this  manner:  the 

King  girded  on  his  sword,  and  gave  him  the  kiss  '*,  but  not  the 


Monorchia  Lusitana.  P.  2.  L.  7-  C.  23.  Its  authenticity  has  never  I  believe 
been  called  in  question  ;  the  Latin  is  barbarous,  and  contains  one  Arabic  word, 
which  was  disused  at  a  very  early  period  ;  it  dillers  from  the  Ballads  and  Chroni- 
cles, in  assigning  seven  months  to  the  siege,  instead  of  seven  years,  and  is  in  other 
respects  authenticated  by  other  records. 

There  is  however  one  passage  which  at  first  appears  suspicious.  The  Monks 
in  asking  leave  of  the  Moors  to  make  their  pilgrimage  say, — Vulumm  ire  ad 
Sanctum  Dominicum  J'acere  orationem  pro  peccalis  nostris.  Sanctum  Domi- 
7»V«w  has  been  literally  rendered  St.  Domingo;  butBrito  has  perceived  the  error, 
for  neither  of  the  St.  Domingos  were  then  born.  Dominicum,  he  says,  is  here 
used  in  its  ancient  signification,  for  a  church ;  and  the  church  thus  called  for  dis- 
tinction, is  probably  that  of  San  Salvador  at  Oviedo,  llien  the  most  famous  in 
Spain  for  its  treasury  of  relicks.  Sandoval  explains  it  in  the  same  manner,  but 
accounts  less  satisfactorily  for  his  explanation.  He  translates  the  words  Santo 
Domingo,  and  says  in  a  marginal  note,  Santo  Domingo  seria  Oviedo,  que  por 
excelencia  se  diria  Sanctum  Dominicum,  primer  Santo  del  Scjior. 

The  document  is  very  valuable,  and  that  not  merely  because  it  gives  a 
fuller  and  more  authentic  account  of  ihe  conquest  of  Coimbra  than  is  elsewhere 
to  be  found.  It  proves  that  the  Kings  of  Leon  had  possession  of  this  district 
at  an  early  age ;  that  the  Christians  were  tolerated  with  the  utmost  freedom 
by  the  Moorish  conquerors; — and  that  the  conquerors  had  good  reason  to  repent 
of  their  toleration. 

'=  The  blow  was  given  with  the  hand  upon  the  neck,  and  with  these 
words,  Despertad,  if  no  os  durmais  en  las  cosas  de  Cavalleriti, — Awake,  and  sleep 
not  ill  affairs  of  knighthood.  Berganza.  5.  U.  |.  142.  He  adds  that  the 
king  omitted  this,  knowing  well  that  the  Cid  needed  no  such  e.\hortation. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  23 

blow.     To    do    him    move    honour  the    Queen    gave    him    his  BOOK 
horse,  and  the  Infanta  Doiia  Urraca  fastened    on   his    spurs  ;  ^^^^^^^ 
and  from  that  day  forth  he  Mas  called  Ruydiez '».     Then  the 
King  commanded  liim  to    knight  nine  noble  scpaires    with  his 
own  hand  ;     and    he    took    his    sword    before   the  altar,    and 
knighted  them.      The  King  then  gave  Coimbra  to  the  keep- 
ing of  Don  Sisnando,    Bishop   of  Iria ;    a    man,    avIio    having 
more  hardihood  than   religion,  had   by  reason  of  his  misdeeds 
gone  over  to  the  jMoors,  and  sorely  infested  the  Christians  in 
Portugal.      But  during  the  sieoe   he  had  come  to  the  King-'s 
service,    and    bestiiTcd    himself   well    against  the  Moors ;  and 
therefore    the    King   took   him  into  liis  favour,  and  gave  him 
the  city  to  keep,  which  he  kept,  and  did    much    evil    to  the  ^ap''!l'^"'' 
Mooi-s  till  the  day  of  his  death.     And  the  King  departed  and  /.  igg.'"' 
went  to  Compostella  to  return  thanks  to  Santiago.  i?am.i3. 

XIX.  But  then  Benalfagi,  who  was  the  Lord  of  man}'  lands  o/  the 
in  Estremadura,  gathered  together  a  great  power  of  the  Moors  Mmumor. 
and  built  up  the  walls  of  Montemor,  and  from  thence  waged 
war  against  Coimbra,  so  that  they  of  Coimbra  called  upon  the 
King  for  help.  And  the  King  came  up  against  the  town, 
and  fought  against  it,  and  took  it.  Great  honour  did  Ruy- 
diez win  at  that  siege ;  for  having  to  protect  the  foragers,  the 
enemy  came  put  upon  him,  and  thrice  in  one  day  was  he 
beset  by  them ;  but  he,  though  sorely  prest  by  them,  and  in 
great  peril,  nevertheless  would  not  send  to  the  camp  for  suc- 


"  Ruy  is  merely  the  abbreviation  of  Rodrigo.  Berganza  (5.  11.  §142.) 
infers  from  this  passage,  that  they  who  aspired  to  knighthood  were  called  only 
by  their  baptismal  names,  and  did  not  assume  the  patronymic  till  they  had 
received  the  order ; — in  signification  that  they  were  not  to  pride  themselves  upon 
hereditary  honour  till  they  were  able  to  support  it. 


24 


CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 


BOOK  cour,  but  put  forth  his  manhood    and    defeated   them.       And 
v^!^  from  that  day  the  King  gave  more  power  into  his  hands,  and 
i^Vf  28.  made  him  head  over  all  his  household. 
chr.dMid.      ^^      ^^^^    ^j^g    j^gj^  ^£  LgQj-^    besought  the  King  that  he 

/''2o^*"'    Avould  repeople  Zamora,  which  had  lain  desolate  since  it  was 

H<»vRuy.    destroyed  by   Almanzor.     And    he   went   thither  and  peopled 

faildihe    the  city,  and  gave  to  it  good    privileges.      And  while  he  was 

there  came  messengers  from  the  five  Kings  who  Avere  vassals  to 

Ruydiez  of  Bivar,  bringing  him  their  tribute  ;  and  they  came  to 

him,  he  being  with  the  King,  and  called  him  Cid,  which  signi- 

fyeth  Lord,  and  would  ha\e  kissed  his  hands,    but  he  Avould 

not  give  them  his  hand  till  they  had  kissed  the  hand  of  the  King. 

And  Ruydiez  took  the  tribute  and  offered  the  fifth  thereof  to  the 

King,  in  token  of  his  sovereignty  ;  and  the  King  thanked  him, 

but  would  not  receive  it,  and  from  that  time  he  ordered  that 

chr-ieicid.  j^y^.j-p2  should  be  called  the  Cid,  because  the  INloors.  had  so 

Chr.  Gen.  nil* 

/.  201.       called  mm. 

How  the  XXL     Li   those  days  Pope  Victor  IL    held    a   council    at 

vZ^dedtri.  Florence,  and  the  Emperor  Henry  there  made  his  complaint 
.s>/i«"  against  King  Don  Ferrando,  that  he  did  not  acknowledge  his 
sovereignty,  and  pay  him  tribute  like  all  other  Kings ;  and  ha 
besouglit  the  Pope  to  admonish  him  so  to  do.  And  the  Pope 
being  a  German,  and  the  fiiend  of  Henry,  sent  to  the  King  to 
admonish  him,  and  told  him  that  unless  he  obeyed  he  would 
proclaim  a  crusade  against  liim ;  and  in  like  manner  the  Em- 
peror, and  the  King  of  France,  and  the  other  Kings,  sent  to  ex- 
hort him  to  obedience,  defying  him  if  he  should  refuse.  When 
the  Kins:  saw  their  letters  he  was  troubled,  for  he  knew  that  if 
this  thing  were  done,  great  evil  would  follow  to  Castille  and 
Leon.  And  he  took  counsel  with  his  honourable  men.  They 
seeing  on  the  one  hand  the  gi-eat  power  of  the  Church,  and 
on  the  other  the  great  evil  that  it  would  be  if  Castille  and  Leon 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  25 

should  be  made  tributary,  knew  not  what  counsel  to  give;  BOOK 
howbeit  at  length  they  said  to  him  that  he  should  do  the  Pope's  .^,-^!.^ 
bidding.  At  this  council  the  Cid  Avas  not  present,  for  he  had 
lately  completed  his  marriage  with  Dona  Ximena  Gomez,  and 
was  then  with  her;  but  at  this  time  he  arrived,  and  the  King 
showed  him  the  letters,  and  told  hmi  the  matter  how  it  then 
stood,  and  what  had  been  the  advice  of  his  good  men,  and  be- 
sought him  to  speak  his  advice,  as  a  good  and  true  vassal  to 
his  Lord.  AVhen  the  Cid  heard  what  had  passed  it  grieved  him 
to  the  heart,  more  for  the  counsel  which  had  been  given  to  the 
King,  than  because  of  the  Pope's  commands ;  and  he  tvirned  to 
the  King  and  said.  In  an  ill  day,  Sir,  were  you  born  in  Spain, 
if  it  be  in  your  time  to  be  made  tributary,  which  it  never  was 
before ;  for  all  the  honour  which  God  hath  given  you,  and  what- 
ever good  he  hath  done  to  you,  is  lost  if  it  should  be  so.  And, 
Sir,  whoever  hath  given  you  this  counsel  is  not  a  true  man, 
neither  one  who  regardeth  3'our  honour  nor  your  power.  But 
send  to  defy  them  since  they  will  have  it  so,  and  let  us  carry 
the  war  home  to  them.  You  shall  take  Avith  you  five  thousand 
knights,  all  of  whom  are  liidalgos,  and  the  JMoorish  Kings  who 
are  your  vassals  will  give  you  two  thousand  knights ;  and.  Sir, 
you  are  such  a  one  as  God  loves,  and  he  will  not  that  your 
honour  should  perish.  And  the  King  thought  that  he  was  Avell  dpltt^"^' 
counselled  by  him,  for  the  King  was  of  a  gi'eat  heart.  ff!202^"' 

XXII.  Then  the  King  ordered  letters  to  be  Avritten,  in  o/ the  an- 
■which  he  besought  the  Pope  not  to  proceed  farther  against  Ite'King'' 
him  without  just  cause,  for  Spain  had  been  conquered  by  those 
Avho  dwelt  therein,  by  the  blood  of  them  and  of  their  fathers, 
and  they  had  never  been  tributary,  and  never  would  be  so,  but 
•would  rather  all  die.  Moreover  he  sent  his  letters  to  the  Em- 
peror and  to  the  other  Kings,  telling  them  that  they  well  knew 
the  wrong  wliich  the  Emperor  did  him,  having  no  jurisdiction 


qq  chronicle  of  the  cid, 

BOOK  over  him,  nor  lawful  claim;  and  he  besought  them  to  let  him 
.^^.^^  alone  that  he  might  continue  to  wage  war  against  the  enemies 
of  the  faith ;  but  if  the>'  persisted  to  sjieak  against  him  he  then 
sent  them  back  their  friendship,  and  defied  them,  and  Avhere 
they  all  were  there  would  he  go  seek  them.  While  this  reply 
was  on  its  way  he  gathered  together  his  people,  as  he  and  the 
Cid  had  advised,  and  set  forward  with  eight  thousand  and  nine 
hundred  knights,  both  of  his  own  and  of  the  Cid,  and  the  Cid 
led  the  advanced  guard.  When  they  had  passed  the  passes  of 
Aspa  they  found  that  the  country  Avas  up,  and  the  people 
would  not  sell  them  food  ;  but  the  Cid  set  his  hand  to,  to  burn 
all  the  country  before  him,  and  plunder  fi'om  those  who  would 
not  sell,  but  to  those  who  brought  food  he  did  no  wrong.  And 
after  such  manner  did  he  proceed,  that  wherever  the  King  and 
his  army  arrived  they  found  all  things  of  which  they  could  stand 
c,I)l.'aa.  ' '  in  need ;  and  the  news  went  sounding  throughout  all  the  land, 
/."202."'"    so  that  all  men  trembled. 

HowtheCid  XXIII.  Then  Count  Remon,  Lord  of  Savoy,  Avith  the 
Lord  of  poAver  of  the  King  of  France^  gathered  together  tAventy  thou- 
sand knights  and  came  beyond  Tolosa,  to  hold  the  road 
against  King  Don  Ferrando.  And  he  met  Avith  his  harbinger "" 
the  Cid,  Avho  Avent  before  him  to  prepare  lodgings,  and  they  had 
a  hard  battle ;   and  the  men  of  the  Count  Avere  discomfited,  and 


iSni'iij/. 


'"  Aposentador.  Harbinger  is  the  corresponding  word  :  an  officer  of  the 
Prince's  court,  lliat  allotteth  the  noblemen  and  tliose  of  the  houshold  tlieir 
lodgings  in  time  of  progress.     Minshezc. 

Anthony  Munday  {Primahon,  Part  1.  p.  58.)  speaks  of  the  Founiers  and 
Harbingers  of  the  Emperor.  The  former  of  these  terms  is  found  in  French, 
Spanish,  Italianj  Dutch,  and  German.  Its  etymology  is  doubtful,  and  it  seems 
in  England  to  have  given  place  to  a  word  of  more  obvious  meaning,  as  Furriel 
has  done  in  Spain. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  QTr 

lie  himself  made  prisoner  and  many  with  him,  and  many  were  BOOK 
slain.     And  the  Count  besought  the  Cid  of  his  mercy  to  set  him  ^^ 
tree,  saying  that  he  would  give  him  a  daughter  he  had,  the  which 
was  right  fair ;    and  the  Cid  did  as  he  besought  him,  and  the 
daughter  was  given  to  him,  and  he  set  the  Count  free.     And 
by  this  woman  King  Don  Ferrando  had  his  son  the  Cardinal  ^capif''' 
Ferrando,  avIio  was  so  honourable  a  man.  ff!'io^'"' 

XXIV.     After  this  the  Cid  had  another  battle  with  all  the  mwthe 
power  of  France,  and  discomfited  them,  and  at  neitlier  of  these  l7EmperoT 
battles  did  the  king  and  his  main  army  arrive.     So  the  news  ^dmmd'!""^ 
went  sounding  before  them  to  the  council,  of  the  fierceness  of 
the  Cid ;  and  as  they  all  knew  that  he  was  the  conqueror  of 
battles,  they  knew  not  what  to  advise ;  and  they  besought  the 
Pope  that  he  would  send  to  them,  begging  them  to  turn  back, 
and  saying  that  they    did  not  require  tribute.      These  letters 
came  to  the  King  when  he  had  past  Tolosa,  and  he  took  coun- 
sel with  the  Cid  and  with  his  good  men,  and  they  advised  that 
he  should  send  two  of  his  good  men  to  the  Pope,  Avho  should 
tell  him  to  send  a  Cardinal  with  power  to  make  a  covenant,  that 
this  demand  should  never  again  be  made  upon  Spain  ;  and  that 
persons  from  the  Emperor  and  from  the  other  Kings  also  should 
come  to  ratify  this,  and  meanwhile  he  would  abide  where  he 
was.    But  if  they  did  not  come  he  would  go  on  to  them.    Count 
Don  Rodrigo,  and  Alvar  Faiiez  Minaya,  and  certain  learned  men, 
were  sent  with  this  bidding.     And  when  they  came  to  the  Pope 
and  gave  him  their  letters,  he  Avas  much  dismayed,  and  he  as- 
sembled the  good  and  honourable  men  of  the  council,  and  asked 
of  them   what  he  should  do-     And  they  made  ans\ver  that  he 
must  do  as  the  King  willed   him,  for  none  was  so  hardy  as  to 
fight  against  the  good  fortune  of  his  vassal  the  Cid.     Then  the 
Pope  sent  Master  Roberto,  the  Cardinal  of  St.  Sabina,  with  full 
powers,  and  the  representatives  of  the  Emperor  and  of  the  other 


2g  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Kino's  came  also  and  sioned  the  covenant,  that  this  demand 
,^^^.  sliould  never  again  be  made  upon  the  King  of"  Spain.     And  the 
2p't!^''''  writings  which  they  made  were  confirmed  by  the  Pope  and  by 
^.'202.'"'    the  Emperor  and  the  other  Kings,  and  sealed  with  tlieir  seals. 
How  the  XXV.     While  this  Avas  doing  tlie  King  abode  where  he  was, 

tu^fed'i„to  beyond  Tolosa ;  six  months  did  he  abide  there.  And  the  Pope 
sent  to  ask  of  him  the  daughter  of  Count  Remon ;  and  she  was 
then  five  months  gone  with  child ,;  and  by  the  advice  of  his  vas- 
sal the  Cid  the  King  sent  her,  and  sent  to  tell  the  Pope  the 
whole  truth,  requesting  that  he  would  see  she  was  taken  care  of; 
and  the  Pope  ordered  that  she  should  be  taken  care  of  till  the 
cA^ent  should  be.  And  she  was  delivered  of  the  Abbot  Don 
Ferrando  ;  the  Pope  Avas  his  godfather,  and  brought  him  up 
right  honourably,  and  dispensed  with  his  bastardry  that  he  might 
hold  any  sacred  dignity  ;  and  in  process  of  time  he  Avas  made  an 
honourable  Cardinal.  So  the  King^'  returned  Avith  great  ho- 
nom-  into  his  OAvn  land,  and  from  that  time  he  Avas  called  Don 
Ferrando  the  Great,  the  Emperor's  Peer ;  and  it  was  said  of  him 
cap^il.  '    in  songs  that  he  had  passed  the  passes  of  Aspa  in  despite  of  the 

C/ir.  Gen.       -,-,  , 

/.  203.       ±  renchmen. 

How  the  XXVI.  Many  other  things  did  King  Don  Ferrando,  AA^hich  are 

edhisdomi-  Avritten  in  the  book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Spain,  en- 
riching churches  and  monasteries,  and  honouring  the  saints  and 


-'  Bcrganza  believes  every  thing  in  the  history  of  this  expedition,  except  the 
episode  of  the  Lord  of  Savoy's  daughter,  which  he  attributes  with  good  reason  to  the 
Jocalars.  That  FL-rraiido  had  no  bastard  son  of  that  name,  or  that  dignity,  is  cer- 
tain ;  and  to  suppose,  as  the  Chronicle  does,  that  this  son  was  old  enough  at  the 
King's  death  to  have  his  brethren  confided  to  his  care,  is  a  manifest  absurdity. 
Berganza  guesses  that  there  was  such  a  Cardinal  Abbot,  but  that  he  was  the  King's 
nephew  ;  this  is  a  mere  guess,  for  there  is  no  other  intimation  of  the  existeuce  of 
any  such  person  than  in  this  story,  which  is  so  evidently  false  in  all  its  parts. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAE.  2^ 

mart\T5,  and  making  war  upon  the  misbelievers.  And  it  came  BOOK 
to  pass  when  he  was  Avaxed  old,  that  as  he  was  one  day  sa^dng  s^^,^ 
his  pravers,  the  confessor  St.  Isidro  appeared  unto  him,  and  told 
hi  n  the  day  and  hour  when  he  should  die,  to  the  intent  that  he 
might  make  ready  and  confess  his  sins,  and  make  atonement  for 
them,  and  take  thought  for  his  soul,  that  so  he  might  appear 
clean  from  oftence  before  the  face  of  God.  From  that  day  he, 
being  certain  that  his  end  was  at  hand,  began  to  discharge  his 
soul.  And  he  devised  A\dthin  himself  how  to  dispose  of  the 
kingdoms  Avhich  God  had  given  him,  that  there  might  be  no 
contention  between  his  sons  after  his  death ;  and  he  thought  it 
best  to  divide  his  lands  among  them ;  but  this  which  he  thought 
best  proved  to  be  the  worst,  and  great  evil  came  thereof,  for 
better  had  it  been  that  he  had  left  all  to  the  eldest.  Howbeit 
it  Avas  his  pleasure  to  divide  them  :  he  had  three  sons,  Don 
Sancho  Avho  Avas  the  eldest,  and  Don  Alfonso  avIio  Avas  the  second 
born,  and  Don  Garcia  avIio  Avas  the  youngest ;  and  two  daugh- 
ters. Dona  Urraca  and  Dona  Elvira.  The  mamier  in  Avhich  he 
divided  his  lands  Avas  this  :  he  g-aA^e  to  Don  Sancho  the  kingdom 
of  Castille  as  far  as  to  the  riA^er  Pisuerga,  on  the  side  of  Leon, 
Avith  the  border  ^%  Avhich  included  the  dioceses  of  Osma,  and 
Segovia,  and  Avila,  and  on  the  side  of  Navarre  as  far  as  the 
Ebro,  as  he  had  Avon  it  from  his  nephew  Don  Sancho  Garcia, 
Kino-  of  Navarre.  To  Don  Alfonso  he  gave  the  kingdom  of 
Leon,  and  in  Aslurias  as  far  as  the  river  Deva,  Avhich  runs  by 
Oviedo,  and  part  of  Campos  as  far  as  Carrion  and  the  river 


"  Estremadura  is  the  word  wliicli  I  have  rendered  Border.  It  is  now  the 
name  of  two  provinces,  one  in  Spain,  the  other  in  Portugal.  Border  was  its 
original  meaning,  as  the  word  implies;  and  the  country  designated  by  that  name 
varied  as  the  Christians  extended  their  conquests. 


50 


CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 


BOOK  Pisuersa,    with  the   border,    Avhich  contained    the   dioceses  of 

^J;^   Zamora,    Salamanca,    and    Ciudad  Rodiigo,    and    the    city    of 

Astoro-a,  and  other  lands  in  Galicia,  with  the  toAvn  of  Zebreros. 

To  Don  Garcia  he  gave  the  kingdom  of  Galicia,  and  all  the  lands 

which  he  had  won  in  Portugal,  with  the  title  of  King  of  Galicia, 

which  country  had  had  no  King  of  its  OAvn  since  the  kingdom  of 

Z'p^tf^'^'  the   Suevi  had  been  overthrown  by  King  Leovegildo.     And  to 

ff!'2o^!"'    Dona  Urraca  he  gave  the  city  of  Zamora  with  all  its  dependencies, 

ff^fi!" '     and  with  half  the  Infantazgo  ;  and  the  other  half,  with  the  city 

lu.Tg.    of  Toro  and  its  dependencies,  to  Dona  Elvira. 

How  the  XXVII.    When  the  Infante  Don  Sancho  knew  that  the  King 

sanchlcoin-  his  fatlicr  had  made  this  allotment  it  displeased  him,  for  he  was 

plained  of  •ii.r*!  ii  -i  ii 

the  wroug     the  eldest  son ;  and  he  said  to  his  father  that  he  neither  could 

tvhich  was 

done  him.  jjqj.  ouglit  to  makc  this  division ;  for  the  Gothic  Kings  had  in 
old  time  made  a  constitution  for  themselves,  that  the  kingdom 
and  empire  of  Spain  never  should  be  divided,  but  remain  one 
dominion  under  one  Lord.  But  the  King  replied  that  he  would 
not  for  this  forbear  to  do  as  he  had  resolved,  for  he  had  Avon  the 
kingdom :  then  the  Infante  made  answer.  Do  as  you  will,  being 
my  father  and  Lord ;  but  I  do  not  consent  unto  it.  So  the 
King  made  this  division  against  the  right  of  the  Infante  Don 
Sancho,  and  it  displeased  many  in  the  kingdom,  and  many  it 

c</^28.  ' '  pleased ;  but  they  avIio  Avere  of  good  understanding  perceived 

thr.  Gen.  -i         i   •     i  i  i 

/.  205.       the  evil  Avhich  Avoiiid  arise. 

Of  the  death      XXVIII.     After  this  the  King  fell   sick   Avith   the  malady 

«/■  the  A'iiig.  •  *  1  1   • 

Avhereof  he  died.  And  he  made  himself  be  earned  to  Leon,  and 
there  on  his  knees  before  the  bodies  of  the  saints  he  besought 
mercy  of  them.  And  putting  his  croAvn  upon  his  head  before 
the  holy  body  of  St.  Isidro  he  called  upon  God,  saying,  O 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  thine  is  the  poAver  over  all,  and  thine  is 
the  kingdom,  for  thou  art  King  of  all  kingdoms,  and  of  all 
Kings,  and  of  all  nations,  and  all  are  at  thy  command.     And 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BlVAll.  3| 

now  Lord  I  return   unto  thee   the  kinojdom  m  hich   thou  hast  BOOK 

8;iven  me,  but  I  beseech  thee  of  thy  mercy  that  my  soul  may  ,^; , 

be  brought  to  the  hoht  which  hath  no  end.  Having  said 
thus,  he  stript  himseh'  of  the  royal  robes  adorned  with  gold 
in  which  he  was  arrayed,  and  took  the  crown  from  his  head 
and  placed  it  upon  the  altar;  and  he  put  sackcloth''^  upon 
the  carrion  of  his  body,  and  prayed  to  God,  confessing  all  the 
sins  which  he  had  conmiitted  against  him,  and  took  his  acquittal 
from  the  Bishops,  for  they  absolved  him  from  his  sins;  and 
forthwith  he  there  received  extreme  unction,  and  strewed  ashes 
upon  himself.  x\fter  this,  by  his  own  order  he  was  carried  to 
St.  Mary  of  Almazan  in  pilgrimage,  and  there  he  remained  thrice 
nine  days,  beseeching  St.  Mary  that  she  would  have  mercy  upon 
him  and  intercede  with  her  blessed  Son  for  his  soul.  From 
thence  they  carried  him  to  Cabezon,  and  there  the  Abbot  Don 


''  111  this  instance  I  have  rendered  cilicio  by  sackcloth,  a  famihar  word  in 
this  sense,  and  here  sufficieutly  accurate.  Cilicium,  a  Ci/icibiis  populis  dictum, 
apiid  qnus  (lit  iitqiiit  Vauuo  de  re  lustka,  cap.  11.)  Cilicia  primum  confecta 
sunt.  Cilicia  Aiabes  nuncupaiit  ■vehtmenta  pelUhus  caprarum  coiUexta,  ex  qidbiis 
sibi  tentoriafacinnt.  IsiD.  Est  autem  vcstis  e  pills  hircorum  et  caprarum  tonsilibns 
texta,  qua  mutiachi  et  eremlcola  dum  pamtentiam  agcbant  tili  comueventut. 
Gr.  y.iKr/.tov,  a  hat.  ut  alia  p/ura  grccca  locabula  a  tutlnis  eodem  modo  forma ntur. 

Mliishew. 

The  cilicio  was  however  sometimes  made  of  such  materials  that  to  call  it 
either  haircloth  or  sackcloth  would  be  a  contradiction  in  terms.  In  a  future 
work  therefore,  wherein  it  will  frequently  be  necessarj'  to  mention  it,  I  shall 
venture  to  anglicize  the  original  word,  which  in  all  probability  has  already  been 
done  by  some  of  our  Catholic  writers.  I  believe  there  are  few  words  in  any 
European  language  for  which  a  precise  term  may  not  be  found  in  our  own  ; 
but  our  Dictionaries  are  miserably  imperfect.  The  Reviews  have  more  than 
once  censured  me  for  having  introduced  new  words,  when  not  my  English  but 
their  own  ignorance  was  in  fault. 

Our  word  in  the  Bible  is  literally  from  the  Hebrew  p©  sale, — a  word  which 
is  said  to  be  the  same  in  almost  every  known  language. 


32  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  Ferrando  came  to  him,  an  honourable  man,  and  many  other 
^„,^j;^^  honourable  men  of  his  realms,  and  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  whom  the 
A.D.1065.  King  commended  to  the  Infante  Don  Sancho,  his  son.     And 
after  he  had  put  all  his  affairs  in  order  he  remained  three  days 
lamenting  in  pain,  and  on  the  fourth,  being  the  day  of  St.  John 
the  Evangelist,    he  called   for  the  Cardinal  Abbot,   and  com- 
mended Spain  and  his  other  sons   to  him,  and  gave  him  his 
blessing,  and  then  at  the  hour  of  sexts  '*  he  rendered  up  his  soul 
without  stain  to  God,  being  full  of  years.     So  they  carried  him 
to  Leon  and  buried  him   near  his  father,  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Isidro,   which  he  had  built.     Thirty  and  one  years  did  King 
Don  Ferrando  the  Great,  who  was   peer  with  the  Emperor, 
reign  over  Castille.     The  Queen  his  wife  lived  two  years  after 
him,  leading  a  holy  life ;  a  good  Queen  had  she  been  and  of 
good  understanding,  and  right  loving  to  her  husband :    alway 
had  she  counselled  him  well,  being  in  truth  the  mirror  of  his 
chr.deicid.  kingdoms,  and  the  friend  of  the  widows  and  orphans.     Her  end 
31^' '  '    '  was  a  good  end,  like  that  of  the  King  her  husband  :   God  give 
f.  205.  '    them  Paradise  for  their  reward.     Amen. 


"  Berganza  (5.  12.  ^  155.)  in  examining  tliis  account  of  the  King's  death, 
admits  as  beyond  all  doubt,  that  St.  Isidro  warned  him  of  it ; — shews  by  good 
proof  that  he  might  receive  extreme  unction  before  the  Viaticum,  and  says  that 
Cabezon  has  been  wrongly  understood  to  mean  the  name  of  a  place,  E  lo  Uevaron 
a  cabezon  meaning  that  he  was  carried  in  men's  arms,  being  unable  to  stand. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  SECOND  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID, 


I.     The  history  relates  how  after  the  death  of  King  Don  Fer-  BOOK 
rando,   the  three  Kinos  his  sons  reigned  each  in  his  kingdom,    v^^^ 
according  to  the  division  made  by  their  father,  who  had  divided  oZsanfho 
that  which  should  all  by  right  have  descended  to  the  King  Don  'l^.uhTpL. 
Sancho.     Now  the  Kings  of  Spain  were  of  the   blood  of  the  tlngdotJ.'^ 
Goths,  which  was  a  fierce  blood  %  for  it  had  many  times  come 


'  The  Chronica  General  refers  here  to  the  Archbishop  Rodrigo,  whose  words 
are  these  :  Sed  licet  ipse  regnumjiliis  divisisset,  et  partem  suam  unicuique  assignasset, 
quia  omnis  potestas  impatiens  est  coitsortis^  et  quia  lieges  HispanicE  a  feroci  Gottho- 
rum  sanguine  contraxerunt,  ne  majores  aliquem  vetint  parem,  nee  minores  supenorem, 
itepius  inter  Gotthos  regalia  fnnera  fraterno  sanguine  maduerunt .  Rex  ilaque- 
Sancius,  Castella  et  NavarrcB  Jiiiibus  nou  contentus,  inhumanitatis  Gotthica  suc- 
cessor et  hizres,  et  snnguinem  fratrum  sitire,  et  ad  eorum  regnam  capit  cupidus  aiihe- 
lare,  Sfc.     L.  6.  C.  15. 

The  Archbishop  himself  seems  to  have  had  before  him  the  observation  which 
the  Monk  of  Silos  makes  on  the  same  occasion.     Porro  Hispanici  Reges  tantca 

P 


^^  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  to  pass  among  the  Gothic  Kings,  that  brother  had  slain  brotlier 
v^Arw  upon  this  quarrel;  fiom  this  blood  was  King  Don  Sancho 
descended,  and  he  thought  that  it  would  be  a  reproach  unto 
him  if  he  did  not  join  together  the  three  kingdoms  under  his  own 
dominion,  for  he  was  not  pleased  with  Avhat  his  father  had  given 
him,  holding  that  the  whole  ought  to  have  been  his.  And  he 
went  through  the  land  setting  it  in  order,  and  what  thing  soever 
mp.  32  33!  his  peoijle  asked  at  his  hand  that  did  he  grant  them  freely,  to 

Chr.  Go.         ,  ,      ,  ,  .     ,  •         1      •      1 

/  205.       the  end  that  he  might  wm  then"  hearts. 

Hmothe  II.     Now  when    Kins;   Don  Sancho  of  Navarre    saw    that 

Kings  of  » 

Navarre      thcrc  was  a  new  Kins;  in  Castille,  he  thouoht  to  recover  the  lands 

and  Aragon  ^  '-' 

c^meagainst  ^f  gurcva  aud  of  Old   Castille  as    far  as   Laredo,  which  had 

CaitMe.  ' 

been  lost  Avhen  the  King  his  father  was  defeated  and  slain  at 
Atapuerca  in  the  mountains  of  Oca.  And  now  seeing  that  the 
kingdom  of  Ferrando  was  divided,  he  asked  help  of  his  uncle 
Don  Ramiro,  King  of  Aragon  ;  and  the  men  of  Aragon  and 
of  Navarre  entered  Castille  together.  But  King  Don  Sancho 
gathered  together  his  host,  and  put  the  Cid  at  their  head  ;  and 
such  account  did  he  give  of  his  enemies,  that  he  of  Navarre  was 
glad  to  enjoy  Rioja  in  peace,  and  lay  no  farther  claim  to  what 
his  father  had  lost.  Now  the  Kins;  of  Castille  was  wrotli  aoainst 
the  King  of  Aragon,  that  he  should  thus  have  joined  against  him 
without  cause ;  and  in  despite  of  him  he  marched  against  the 
]\Joors  of  Zaragoza,  and  laying  waste  their  country  with  fire 
and  sword,  he  came  before  their  city,  and  gave  orders  to  assault 
it,   and  began  to  set  up  his  engines.     AVlicn  the  King  of  Zara- 


ferocitath  dianitur  fore,  quod  qiium  ex  eonem  stirpe  quilibef.  Heguhis  adtiUa  atate 
jam  arma  prima  siimpseril,  sive  in  fratres,  sen  in  pareiUe.s,  si  snperslites  foerint ,  ut 
jus  regale  solus  obtijieat,  pro  viribus  contendere  jiarat. 

Chrouicnn  Monachi  Siliensis,  C.  '2.  ^  10. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  35 

goza  saw  the  great  will  which  the  King  had  to  do  evil  unto  him,  BOOK 
and  that  there  was  none  to  help  him,  he  thought  it  best  to  come 


to  his  mercy,  paying  tribute,  or  serving  Mm,  or  m  any  manner 
whatsoever.  And  he  sent  interpreters  to  King  Don  Sancho 
saying,  that  he  would  give  him  much  gold  and  silver,  and  many 
gifts,  and  be  liis  vassal,  and  pay  him  tribute  yearly.  The  King 
received  them  right  honourably,  and  Avhen  he  had  heard  their 
bidding  he  answered  resolutely,  being  of  a  great  heart.  All  this 
which  the  King  of  Zaragoza  sends  to  say  unto  me  is  Avell,  but 
he  hath  another  thing  ui  his  heart.  He  sends  to  bid  me  break 
up  the  siege  and  depart  from  liis  land,  and  as  soon  as  I  should 
have  departed,  he  would  make  friends  unto  himself  among  Chris- 
tians and  among  Moors,  and  fail  me  in  all  wliich  he  covenants. 
Nevertheless  I  will  do  this  thing  wliich  your  King  requires  of 
me ;  but  if  in  the  end  he  lie,  I  will  come  back  upon  him  and 
destroy  him,  trusting  in  God  that  he  cannot  defend  himself 
against  me.  And  Avheii  the  interpreters  heard  this  they  were 
greatly  dismayed,  and  they  returned  and  told  their  King  all  that 
he  had  said.  And  the  INIoors  seemg  that  they  could  not  help 
jj  themselves,  made  such  terms  with  him  as  it  pleased  liim    to 

grant,  and  gave  him  hostages  that  they  might  not  be  able  to 
prove  false.     And  they  gave  him  gold  and  silver  and  precious  „;,?33. 
stones  in  abundance,  so  that  with  great  riches  and  full  honour-  j.  206. "" 
ably  did  he  and  all  his  men  depart  trom  the  siege.  ff.n. 

III.     Greatly   was    the    King  of  Aragon  displeased  at  this  how  King 
which    Kins    Don    Sancho    had    done,    thinkins;    that    it  was  defeuu-dthe 

,      ,  ,    King  of 

to  his  great  injury  and  abasement,  for  Zaragoza  he  held  ^ragm. 
to  be  within  his  conquest  And  he  came  out  with  all  his 
power  to  cut  off  the  King's  return,  and  took  possession  of 
the  way,  and  said  unto  him  that  he  should  not  pass  till 
he  had  made  amends  for  the  great  dishonour  which  he  had 
wrought   him,  in  coming   into  his   conquest   and  against   his 


9. 


g  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  vassals:  the  amends  Avhich  he  reqinred  Avas,  that  he  should 
^JJ:^  yield  unto  him  all  the  spoil,  and  all  which  the  King  of  Zaragoza 
had  given  him,  else  should  he  not  pass  without  battle.  \V  hen 
King  Don  Sancho  heard  this,  being  a  man  of  great  heart, 
he  made  answer,  that  he  was  the  head  of  the  kingdoms 
of  Castille  and  Leon,  and  all  the  conquests  in  Spain  were 
his,  for  the  Kings  of  Aragon  had  no  conquests  appertaining 
imto  them,  being  by  right  his  tributaries,  and  bound  to  appear 
at  his  Cortes.  Wherefore  he  counselled  him  to  waive  this 
demand,  and  let  him  pass  in  peace.  But  the  King  of  Aragon 
drew  up  his  host  for  battle,  and  the  onset  was  made,  and 
heavy  blows  were  dealt  on  both  sides,  and  many  horses  were 
left  without  a  master.  And  while  the  battle  was  yet  vq^on 
the  chance,  King  Don  Sancho  riding  right  bravely  through  the 
battle,  began  to  call  out  Castille !  Castille !  and  charged  the 
main  body  so  fiercely  that  by  fine  force  he  broke  them  ;  and 
when  they  were  thus  broken,  the  Castillians  began  cruelly 
to  slay  them,  so  that  King  Don  Sancho  had  pity  thereof,  and 
called  out  unto  his  people  not  to  kill  them,  for  they  were 
Christians.  Then  King  Don  Ramiro  being  discomfited,  retired 
to  a  mountain,  and  King  Don  Sancho  beset  the  mountain 
round  about,  and  made  a  covenant  with  him  that  he  should 
depart,  and  that  the  King  of  Zaragoza  should  remain  tribu- 
tary to  Castille  ;  and  but  for  this  covenant  the  King  of  Aragon 
would  then  have  been  slain,  or  made  prisoner.  This  was  the  bat- 
tle whereof  the  ]>lack  Book  of  Santiago  sj^eaketh,  saying,  that  in 
a.d.io6j.  this  year,  on  the  day  of  the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  was  the  great 
slaughter  of  the  Christians  in  Porca.  In  all  these  wars  did  my 
Cid  demean  himself  after  his  wonted  manner ;  and  because  of  the 
cup.sA.  ' ' .great  feats  which  he  performed  the  King  loved  him  well,  and 
/.Io6.™'  made  him  his  Alferez ;  so  that  in  the  whole  army  he  was  second 
/.  22.  '     only  to  the  King.     And  because  Avhen  the  host  Avas  in  the  field 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  •  ^j 

it  was  his  office  to  chuse  the  place  for  encampment,  therefore  BOOK 
M'as  my  Cid  called  the  Campeador  ^.  v^^A-' 

IV.     AVliile   King   Don   Sancho  was  busied  in    these  wars,  o/ the  be- 
Kin<?  Don  Garcia  of  Galicia  took  bv  force  from  Dona  Urraca  thest/ifebe- 

_  •        _  t'::een  the 

his  sister  a  great  part  of  the  lands  which  the  King  tlieu'  father  brethm,. 
had  given  her.     And  when   she  heard  this  she  began  to  lament 
aloud,  saying,  Ah  King   Don  Ferrando,  in  an  evil  hour  didst 
thou  divide  th}^  kingdom,  for  thereby  will  all  the  land  be  brought 
to  destruction.     And  now  also  will  be  accomplished  that  which 
my  fosterer  Arias  Gonzalo  said,  for  now  that  King  Don  Garcia 
who  is  my  j^oimger  brother,   hath  dispossessed  me  and  broken 
the  oath  which  he  made  unto  my  father,  Avhat  will  not  the  elder 
do,  who  made  the  vow  by  compulsion,  and  alway  made  pro-     - 
testation   against  the   division !     God    send    that   as   thou    hast 
disherited  me,  thou  mayest  speedily  thyself  in  like  manner  be 
disherited,  Amen!    But  when   King   Don   Sancho   heard  what 
his  brother  had  done  he  was  well  pleased  thereat,  thinking  that 
he  might  noAV  bring  to  pass  that  which  he  so  greatly  desired  ; 
and  he  assembled  together  liis  Ricos-omes  and  his  knights,  and 
said  unto  them,   The    King  m}^   father   divided   the   kingdoms 
Avhich  should  have   been  mine,   and  therein   he    did   unjustly  ; 
now  King  Don  Garcia  my  brother  hath  broken  the  oath  and 
disherited    Dona    I'rraca   niA^    sister ;    I   beseech   ye   therefore 
counsel  me  what  I  shall  do,  and  in   what  manner  to  proceed 
against  him,  for  I  will  take  his  kingdom  aAvay  from  him.     Upon 


^  This  word  is  variously  latinized  Campiator,  Campidator,  and  Campiductor. 
Berganza,  by  way  of  explaining  it,  gives  an  account  of  the  origin  and  form  of 
judicial  combats,  and  supposes  that  the  title  was  given  to  Rodrigo  either  because 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  tiie  field  on  such  occasions,  or  King's  Champion. 
Sandoval's,  which  I  have  followed^  is  the  more  probable  explanation. 


33  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  this  Count  Don  Garcia  Ordonez  arose  and  said,  There  is  not 
v_^^  a  man  in  the  world,  Sir,  who  Avould  counsel  you  to  break  the 
command  of  your  father,  and  the  vow  Avhich  you  made  unto 
him.  And  the  King  was  greatly  incensed  at  him  and  said.  Go 
from  before  me,  for  I  shall  never  receive  good  counsel  from  thee. 
The  King  then  took  the  Cid  by  the  hand  and  led  him  apart, 
and  said  unto  him,  Thou  Avell  knowest,  my  Cid,  that  when  the 
King  my  father  commended  thee  unto  me,  he  charged  me  upon 
pain  of  his  curse  that  I  should  take  you  for  my  adviser,  and 
whatever  I  did  that  I  should  do  it  with  your  counsel,,  and  I 
have  done  so  even  until  this  day  ;  and  thou  hast  alway  coun- 
selled me  for  the  best,  and  for  this  I  have  given  thee  a  county  in 
my  kingdom,  holding  it  well  bestowed.  Now  then  I  beseech 
you  advise  me  how  best  to  recover  these  kingdoms,  for  if  1  have 
cap.  3i.    '  not  counsel  from  you  I  do  not  expect  to  have  it  from  any  maa 

Chr.  Gen.       .  ,  ,  , 

J.  207.       in  the  world. 

Mow  King        V.     Greatly  troubled  at  this  was  the  Cid,   and  he  answered. 

Don  Sancho  _  .  _  i  i       •        i      i  i  i 

had  a  meet-  aud   Said,    111,  oir,  would    it   behove  me  to    counsel  you   that 

'ing  with  his  _  ^  /•      1  -«T 

brother  Kwg  vQu  sliould  ffo  asainst  the  will  of  your  father.  You  welt 
know  that  when  I  Avent  to  Cabezon  unto  him,  after  he  had 
divided  his  kingdoms,  hoAV  he  made  me  swear  to  him  that  I 
would  alway  counsel  his  sons  the  best  I  could,  and  never  give 
them  ill  counsel ;  and  Avhile  I  can,  thus  must  I  continue  to  do. 
But  the  King  ansAvered,  My  Cid,  I  do  not  hold  that  in  this  I  am 
breaking  the  oath  made  to  my  father,  for  I  ever  said  that  the 
partition  should  not  be,  and  the  oath  Avhich  I  made  Avas  forced 
upon  me.  Noav  King  Don  Garcia  my  brother  hath  broken  the 
oath,  and  all  these  kingdoms  by  right  are  mine  :  and  tlierefore  I 
Avill  that  you  counsel  me  how  I  may  unite  them,  for  from  so 
doing  there  is  nothing  in  this  Avorld  Avhich  shall  prevent  me, 
except  it  be  death.  Then  Avhen  the  Cid  saAv  that  he  could  by 
no  means  turn  him  from  that  course,  he  advised  him  to  obtain 


HODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  3^ 

the  love  of  his  brother  King  Don  Alfonso,  that  he  might  grant  BOOK 
him  passage  through  his  kingdom  to  go  against  Don  Garcia :  -.^^ 
and  if  this  should  bo  refused  he  counselled  him  not  to  make  the 
attempt.  And  the  King  saw  that  his  counsel  Avas  good,  and 
sent  his  letters  to  King  Don  Alfonso  beseeching  him  to  meet 
him  at  Sahaoim.  AVhen  Kino-  Don  Alfonso  received  the  letters 
Jie  marvelled  to  what  end  this  might  be :  howbeit  he  sent  to  say 
that  he  woukl  meet  him.  And  the  two  Kings  met  in  Sahagun. 
And  King  Don  Sancho  said,  Brother,  3^ou  well  knoAv  that  King 
Don  Garcia  our  brother  hath  broken  the  oath  made  unto  our 
father,  and  disherited  our  sister  Dona  Urraca  :  for  this  I  will 
take  his  kingdom  away  from  him,  and  I  beseech  you  join  with 
me.  But  Don  Alfonso  answered  that  he  would  not  go  against 
the  will  of  his  father,  and  the  oath  which  he  hatl  sAvorn.  Then 
King  Don  Sancho  said,  that  if  he  would  let  him  pass  through  his 
kingdom  he  would  give  him  part  of  what  he  should  gain  :  and 
King  Don  Alfonso  agreed  to  this.  And  upon  this  matter  they 
fixed  another  day  to  meet ;  and  then  forty  knights  were  named, 
twenty  for  Castille  and  twenty  for  Leon,  as  vouchers  that  this 
which   they  covenanted   should   be  faithfully  fulfilled  on   bothcap.'se. "' 

,  Citr.  Gen* 

Sides,  '  /•  208. 

VI.     Then  King  Don  Sancho  gathered  together  a  great  host,  now  King 
Castillians   and   Leonese,    and    the}^   of  NavaiTe   and    Biscay,  s^ftofflifc' 

,,     .  1         r»      1         1  1  aid  from  his 

Asturians,  and  men  or  Aragon  and  of  the  border.  And  he  sent  i"-other Ki„g 
Alvar  Fanez,  the  cousin  of  the  Gid,  to  King  Don  Garcia,  to  bid 
him  yield  up  his  kingdom,  and  if  he  refused  to  do  this  to  defy 
him  on  his  part.  Alvar  Fanez,  albeit  unwillingly,  was  bound 
to  obey  the  bidding  of  his  Lord,  and  he  went  to  King  Don 
Garcia  and  delivered  his  bidding.  When  King  Don  Garcia 
heard  it  he  was  greatly  troubled,  and  he  cried  out  in  his  ti'ouble 
and  said.  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  thou  rememberest  the  oath  which 
we  made  to  our  father !  for  my  sins  I  have  been  the  first  to  break 


/Q  CHRONICLE    OF   THE   CID, 

JU)OK  it,  and  have  disherited  my  sister.     And  he  said  to  Alvar  Fane?, 

^J-l^  Say  to  my  brother  that  I  beseech  him  not  to  break  the  oath  Avhi(  h 

he  made  to  our  father;  but  if  he  will  persist  to  do  this  thing  I 

must  defend  myself  as  I  can.     And  with  this  answer  Alvar  Fa- 

nez  returned.     Then  King  Don  Garcia  called  unto  him  a  knight 

of  Asturias,  whose  name  was  Ruy  Ximenez,  and  bade  him  go  to 

his  brother  King  Don  Alfonso  and  tell  him  what  had  past,  and 

how  King  Don  Sanclio  would  take  aAvay  his  kingdom  from  him;. 

and  to  beseech  him  as  a  brother  that  he  Avould  not  let  him  pass 

through  his  dominions.     And  King  Don  Alfonso  replied,   Say 

to  my  brother  tliat  I  will  neither  help  King  Don  Sancho,  nor 

oppose  him  :   and  tell  him  that  if  he  can  defend  himself  I  shall 

be  well  pleased.     And  with  this  answer,  Ruy  Ximenez  returned, 

rap's?'. ' '  and  bade  the  King  look  to  himself  for  defence,  for  he  would 

#: ™08. '^""  find  no  help  in  his  brother. 

How  Don  VII.  Now  Don  Garcia  was  not  beloved  in  his  kingdom  of 
Frqittflku)  Galicia,  neither  in  Portugal,  for  as  much  as  he  showed  little  fa- 
vour to  the  hidalgos,  both  Galegos  and  Portuguese,,  and  vexed 
the  people  Avith  tributes  which  he  had  newly  imposed.  The 
cause  of  all  this  was  a  favourite  ^,  by  name  Verna,  to  whom  the 
King  gave  so  much  authority,  that  he  displeased  all  the  chief 
persons  in  his  dominions,  and  hearkened  unto  him  in  all  things  ; 
and  by  his  advice  it  was  that  he  had  despoiled  his  sister  Dona 
Urraca  of  her  lands,  and  his  sister  Dona  Elvira  also,  and  had 
done  other  things,  Avhereby  Portugal  and  Galicia  were  now  in 
danger  to  be  lost.  And  the  knights  and  hidalgos  took  counsel 
together  how  they  might  remedy  these  evils,  and  they  agreed 


'  Garibay  sa3's  a  female  favourite ;  in  lliis  he  differs  from  all  other  authorities, 
otherwise  the  inannei-s  of  the  age  would  not  render  his  account  improbable.  The 
story  of  Inez  de  Castro  is  well  known. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DB    BIVAK.  ^l 

that  the  Kmg  should  m  the  name  of  them  all  be  advised  how  ill  BOOK 
he  was  served,  and  intreated  to  put  away  his  favourite.  Don  vjlj;^ 
Rodrigo  Froja^  was  the  one  named  to  speak  unto  the  King  ;  for 
being  a  man  of  approved  valour,  and  the  Lord  of  many  lands , 
it  was  thoucrht  that  the  Kino-  would  listen  more  to  him  than  to 
any  other.  But  it  fell  out  otherwise  than  they  had  devised,  for 
Verna  had  such  power  over  the  mind  of  the  King,  that  the 
remonstrance  was  ill  received,  and  Don  Rodrioo  and  the  other 
hidalgos  were  contumeliously  treated  in  public  by  the  King.  Don 
Rodrigo  would  not  bear  this,  being  a  right  lo^-al  and  valiant 
man ;  and  he  went  one  day  into  the  palace,  and  finding  Verna 
busied  in  affairs  of  state,  he  drew  forth  his  sword  and  slew 
him ;  then  leaving  the  palace,  for  none  cared  to  lay  hands  on 
him,  he  left  Portugal,  and  took  the  road  toward  France ;  many 
of  his  vassals  and  kinsmen  and  friends  followins;  him,  to  seek  ^'"^"''"■f. 

~  '  del  Coiide 

their  fortunes  in  a  country  where  valour  would  be  esteemed,  for  ^'"'/"'"' 

•^  y  p.  45. 

they    were    Aveary    of    the    bad    government    of    King    Don  "p.^g^''*' 

fi-^vi-\-t  Chron.Gen. 

OdlCld.  ^203 

VIII.  But  when  King  Don  Garcia  knew  of  the  league  which  o/the  bat. 
his  brethren  had  made  to  divide  his  kingdom  between  them,  it  'lltiaf,^'! 
was  a  greater  trouble  to  him  than  the  death  of  Verna,  and  he 
called  his  chief  captains  together  and  consulted  with  them  ; 
and  they  advised  him  that  he  should  send  to  I'ecall  Don  Rodrio-o 
Frojaz,  for  having  him  the  realm  would  be  secure,  and  without 
him  it  was  in  danger  to  be  lost.  So  two  hidalgos  Avere  sent  after 
him,  and  they  found  him  in  Navarre,  on  the  eve  of  passing  into 
France.  But  Avhen  he  saAV  the  King's  letters,  and  knew  the  peril 
in  Avhich  he  then  stood,  setting  aside  the  remembrance  of  his 
own  wrongs,  like  a  good  and  true  Portugueze,  he  turned  back, 
and  went  to  the  King  at  Coimbra.  In  good  time  did  he  arrive, 
for  the  captains  of  King  Don  Sancho  had  now  gained  many 
lands  in  Galicia  and  in  the  province  of  Beira,  finding  none  to 


4^  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  resist  them,  and  the  Count  Don  Nuno  de  Lara,  and  the  Count 
v^^IJ^    of  Monzou,  and  Don  Garcia  de  Cabra,  were  drawing  nigh  unto 
Coimbra.     When  Don  Rodrigo  heard  this  and  knew  that  the  Cas- 
tilhans  Avere  approaching,  and  who  they  were,  he  promised  the 
Kino-  either  to  maintain  his   cause,  or  die  for  it ;  and  he  be- 
sought  him  not  to  go  into  the  battle  himself,  having  so  many  vas- 
sals and  so  good ;  for  it  was  not  fitting  that  he  should  expose 
himself  when  there  was  no  King  coming  against  him.     And  it 
came  to  pass  that  when  the  scouts  gave  notice  that  the  Castillians 
were  at  hand,  he  ordered  the  trumpets  to  be  sounded,  and  the 
Portugueze  sallied,  and  a  little  beloAV  the  city,  at  the  place  which 
is  now  called  Agoa  de  Mayas,  the  two  squadrons  met.     Then 
was  the  saying  of  Arias  Gonzalo  fulfilled,  that  kmsmen  should 
kill  kinsmen,  and  brother  fall  by  his  brother's  hand.     But  the 
Portugueze  fought  so  well,  and  especially  Don  Rodrigo,  and  his 
brothers  Don  Pedro  and  Don  Vermui  Frojaz,   that  at  length 
they   discomfited  tlie  Castillians,  killing  of  them  five   hundred 
and  forty,  of  whom  tlivee  hnndred  were  knights,  and  Avinning  their 
pennons  and  banners.     Ilowbeit  this  victory  Avas  not  obtained 
without  great  loss  to  themselves;  for  tAVO  hundred  and  twenty  of 
their  people  Avere  left  upon  the  field,  and  many  Avere  sorely 
wounded,  among  Avhom,  even  to  the  great  peril  of  his  hfe,  Ava& 
xobiiiario    ^on  Rodrigo  Frojaz,  being  Avounded  Avith  many  and  grievous 
au!^'  ^      Avounds.    In  this  battle  Avas  slain  the  Count  Don  Fafes  Sarracem 
"ap.i'g^"^'  de  Lanhoso,  Avith  many  of  his  vassals,  he  from  Avhom  the  God- 
ff\2os.  ' "  inhos  are  descended :  he  Avas  a  right  good  knight. 
jhw  King        IX.     A  sorroAvful  defeat  Avas  that   for    King  Don  Sancho, 
ciajied'to     more  for  the  quality  of  the  slain  than  for  their  number;  and  he 
put  himself  at  the  head  of  his  army,  and  hastened  through  the 
midst  of  Portugal,  to  go  against  his  brother.     And  King  Don 
Garcia  hearing  of  his  approach,  called  together  liis  knights  and 
hidalgos,  and  said  unto  them,  Friends,  Ave  have  no  land  Avhere- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  43 

unto  to  fly  fi-om  the  King  Don  Sancho  my  brother,  let  us  there-  BOOK 
fore  meet  him  in  battle,  and  cither  conquer  him,  or  die ;  for  better  ^^^ 
is  it  to  die  an  honouralilc  death  than  to  suffer  this  spoiling  in  our 
country.     And  to  the  Portugueze  he  said.  Friends,  ye  are  right 
noble  and  haughty  knights,  and  it  is  your  custom  to  have  among 
you  tew  lords  and  good  ones;  now  therefore  make  me  a  good  one, 
which  will  be  to  30ur  own  great  honour  and  profit;  and  if  I  come 
out  of  this  struggle  well,  I  shall  guerdon  ye  well,  so  that  ye  shall 
understand  the  Avill  I  have  to  do  good  towards  ye.     And  they 
made  answer  and  said  that  they  would  stand  by  him  to  the  last, 
and  that  he  should  not  be  put  down  by  their  default.     Then 
spake  he  to  the  Galegos  and  said.  Friends,  ye  are  right  good  and 
true  knights,  and  never  w^as  it  yet  said  that  lord  was  forsaken  by 
you  in  the  field. ,    I  put  myself  in  your  hands,  being  assured 
that  ye  will  well  and  loyally  advise  me,  and  help  me  to  the  ut- 
most of  your  poAver.    Ye  see  how  King  Don  Sancho  my  bro- 
ther presses  upon  us,  and  we  have  nothing  left  us  but  to  die  or  to 
concpicr ;  but  if  ye  know  any  other  counsel,  I  beseech  ye  tell  it 
now.    And  the  Galegos  answered,  that  they  would  serve  and  de- 
fend him  loyall}-,  and  that  they  held  it  best  to  fight.  Nevertheless 
they  w'ere  too  few  in  number  to  stand  against  the  King  Don 
Sancho  :  so  the}^  retired  betbre  him.    And  Don  Garcia  took  Avitli 
him  three   hundred  horsemen,  and  went  to  the  Moors,  and  be* 
sought  them  to  lend  him  aid  against  his  brother,  saying  that  he 
woidd  give  them  the  kingdom  of  Leon.  And  the  Moors  made  an-    - 
swer,  O  King,  thou  canst  not  defend  thyself;  how  then  canst 
thou  give  unto  us  the  kingdom  of  Leon  ?  Howbeit  they  did  him  cip.fo. ' 
honour  and  gave  him  gicat  gifts,  and  he  retvu'ned  to  his  people  /.Soq.^"' 
and  recovered  many  of  the  castles  which  he  had  lost.  i.e.'e.'is. 

X,     Then  King  Don  Sancho  came  against  his  brother,  to  be-  How  A;»g 
siege  him  in  Santarem.     And  the  Poitugueze  and  Galegos  took  weutmu 
counsel  together  what  they  should  do ;  for  some  were  of  advice  "''» "•  <""- 


44. 


CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 


BOOK  that  it  was  better  to  d€fend  the  cities  and  fortresses  vrhich  they 
^.i^  held,  and  so  lengthen  out  the  war;  others  that  they  should  har- 
rass  the  army  of  the  Castillians  Avith  frequent  skirmishes  and 
assaults,  and  never  give  them  battle  power  to  power,  thinking 
that  in  this  manner  they  might  baffle  them  till  the  winter  came 
on.  Don  Rodrigo  Frojaz  was  at  this  time  recovering  of  the 
Avounds  which  he  had  received  at  Agoa  de  Mayas,  and  he  said 
unto  the  King  that  it  behoved  him  above  all  things  to  put  his 
kingdom  upon  the  hazard  of  a  battle ;  for  his  brother  being  a 
greater  lord  of  lands  than  he,  and  richer  in  money  and  more  pow- 
erfid  in  vassals,  could  maintain  the  Avar  longer  than  he  could  do, 
Avho  peradventure  Avould  find  it  difficult  another  year  to  gather  to- 
gether so  good  an  army  as  he  had  now  ready.  For  this  cause  he 
advised  him  to  put  his  trust  in  God  first,  and  then  in  the  hidal- 
gos Avho  Avere  Avitli  him,  and  Avithout  fear  give  battle  to  the  King 
his  brother,  over  whom  God  and  his  good  cause  Avould  give  him 
glorious  victory.  And  to  shoAV  his  oavu  good  Avill  to  the  King, 
he  besought  of  him  the  leadins:  of  the  van  for  himself  and  the 
Counts  Don  Pedro  and  Don  Vermui  Frojaz  his  brethren,  and 
his  tAvo  nephcAvs.  Greatly  Avas  the  King  Don  Garcia  en-^ 
couraged  by  his  gallant  cheer,  and  he  bade  his  host  make  ready 
to  give  battle  to  King  Don  Sancho,  as  soon  as  he  should  ar- 
rive ;  and  he  marched  out  from  the  city,  and  took  his  stand  near 
unto  it  in  a  field  Avhere  afterwards  Avere  the  vineyards  of  the  toAvn. 
And  Avhen  the  banners  of  the  Castillians  Avere  seen  advancing, 
the  Gale2;os  and  Portuo;ueze  drcAv  up  in  battle  array,  Don  Ro- 

SrltoMon.  ®  f  ,11111 

ius.a.7.29^.  drioo  and  his  brethren  havmg  the  van,  as  he  had  requested,  and 

Sohdiimo,  ^  .  . 

V-  "7-         a  body  of  chosen  knights  Avith  them. 

ijnwAivar        XI.     Couut  Dott  Garcla  came  in  the  front  of  King  Don  San- 

Fanez  asked  ^  ^ 

the  Kiugfor  eho's  armv,  and  in  the  one  wing  was  the  Count  de  Monzon  and 

n  horse  and  ^  ^ 

""'■'■         Count  Don  Nniio  de  Lara ;  and  the  Count  Don  Fruela  of  Astu- 
rias  in  the  other;  and  the  King  Avas  in  the  rear,  Avith  Don  Diego 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  45 

de  Osma,  who  canied  his  banner:  and  in  this  manner  were  they  BOOK 
arrayed  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other,  being  ready  for  the  onset.  ,^J^:^ 
And  King  Don  Garcia  bravely  encouraged  his  men,  saying.  Vas- 
sals and  friends,  ye  sec  the  great  wrong  Avhich  the  King  my  bro- 
ther doth  unto  me,  taking  from  me  my  kingdom;  I  beseech  ye 
help  me  now  to  defend  it;  for  ye  well  know  that  all  which  I  had 
therein  I  divided  among  ye,  keeping  ye  for  a  season  like  this. 
And  they  answered,   Great  benefits  have  we  received  at  your 
hands,  and  we  will  serve  you  to  the  utmost  of  our  power.     Now 
when  the  two  hosts  were  ready  to  join  battle,  Alvar  Fanez  came 
to  King  Don  Sanrho  and  said  in  him.  Sir,  T  have  played  away 
my  horse  and  arms;  I  beseech  you  give  me  others  for  this  battle, 
and  I  will  be  a  right  good  one  for  you  this  day ;  if  I  do  not  for 
you  the  service  of  six  knights,  hold  me  for  a  traitor.     And  the 
Count  Don  Garcia,  who  heard  this,  said  to  the  King,  Give  him. 
Sir,  what  he  asketh  ;  and  the  King  ordered  that  horse  and  arms 
should  be  given  him.     So  the  armies  joined  battle  bravely  on 
both  sides,  and  it  was  a  sharp  onset ;  many  were  the  heavy 
blows  which  were  given  on  both  sides,  and  many  were  the  horses  f^'^  t/.^'''* 
that  were  slain  at  that  encounter,  and  many  the  men.     Now  ^''o^"'" 
my  Cid  had  not  yet  come  up  into  the  field.  j/'"2o!"'' 

XII.     Now  Don  Rodrigo  Frojaz  and  his  brethren  and  the  How  King 
knights  who  were  with  them  had  resolved  to  make  straight  for  wustakm,  * 
the  banner  of  the  King  of  Castille.     And  they  broke  throuoh  dLthofDo,^ 
the  ranks  of  the  Castillians,  and  made  their  way  into  the  middle  f°»j<^^. 
of  the  enemy's  host,  doing  marvellous  feats  of  arms.     Then  was 
the  fight  at  the  hottest,  for  they  did  their  best  to  win  the  banner, 
and  the  others  to  defend  it ;  the  remembrance  of  what  they  had 
fomierly  done,  and  the  hope  of  gaining  more  honours,  heartened 
them;  and  with  the  Castillians  there  was  their  King,  giving  them 
brave  example  as  well  as  brave  Avords.     The  press  of  the  battle 
was  here ;  here  died  Gonzalo  de  Sies,  a  right  valiant  Portugueze, 


.^  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  on  the  part  of  Don  Garcia;  but  on  Don  Sanclio's  part  the  Count 
'^-      Don  Nuiio  was  sorely  Avounded  and  thrown  fiom  his  horse;  and 
Count  Don  Garcia  Ordonez  was  made  prisoner,  and  the  ban- 
ner of  King  Don  Sancho  was  beaten  down,  and  the  King  him- 
self also.     The   first  who  encountered    liim    Avas    Don    Gomes 
Echiguis,  he  from  whom  the  old  Sousas  of  Portugal  derived 
their  descent;  he  was  the  first  who  set  l)is  lance  against  King  Don 
Sancho,  and  the  otiierone  was  Don  Moninho  Herniigis,  and  Don 
Rodrigo  made  way  through  the  press  and  laid  hands  on  him 
and  took  him.     But  in  the  struggle  his  old  wounds  burst  open, 
and  having  received   many  new  ones  he  lost  much  blood,  and 
perceiving  that  his  strength  was  failing,  he  sent  to  call  tlie  King 
Don  Garcia  with  all  speed.     And  as  the  King  came,  the  Count 
Don  Pedro  Frojaz  met  him  and  said.  An  honourable  gift,  Sir,  hath 
my  brother  Don  Rodrigo  to  give  you,  but  you  lose  him  in  gain- 
inw  it.     And  tears  fell  from  the  eyes  of  the  King,  and  he  made 
answer  and  said.  It  may  indeed  be  that  Don  Rodrigo  may  lose 
his  life  in  serving  me,  but  the  good  name  which  he  hath  gained, 
and  the  honour  which  he  leaveth  to  his  descendants,  death  can- 
not take  away.     Saying  this,  he  came  to  the  place  where  Don 
Rodrio-o  was,  and  Don  Rodrigo  gave  into  liis  hands  the  King 
Don  Sancho  his  brother,  and  asked  him  three  times  if  Ije  was 
discharged  of  his  prisoner;  and  when  the  King  had  answered 
Yes,  Don  Rodrigo  said.  For  me,  Sir,  the  joy  Avhich  I  have  in  your 
victory  is  enough  ;  give  the  rewards  to  these  good  Portugueze, 
who  Avith  so  good  a  Avill  have  put  their  lives  upon  the  hazard  to 
serve  you,  and  in  all  things  folloAV  their  counsel,  and  you  will 
not  err  therein.     Having  said  this  he  kissed  the  King's  hand, 
and  lying  upon  his  shield,  for  he  felt  his  breath  fail   him,  with 
his  hehnet  for  a  pillow,  he  kissed  the  cross  of  his  sword  in  re- 
membrance of  that  on  Avhich  the  incarnate  Son  of  God  had  died 
for  him,  and  rendered  up  his  soul  into  the  hands  of  his  Creator. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^j 

This  was  the  death  of  one  of  the  worthy  knights  of  the  Avorld,  BOOK 
~  Don  Rodrigo  Frojaz.   In  all  the  conquests  which  King  Don  Fer-  v,^,^^,-^/ 
rando  had  made  from  the  Moors  of  Portugal,  great  part  had  he 
borne,  insomuch  that  that  King  was  wont  to  say  that  other  Princes 
might  have  more  dominions  than  he,  but  two  such  knights  as  his 
two  Rodrigos,  meaning  my  Cid  and  this  good  knight,  there  was  z.^s'.2.^"'a. 
none  but  himself  who  had  for  vassals.  48.""™' 

XIII.  Then  King  Don  Garcia  being  desirous  to  be  in  the  pur-  How  Ahar 
suit  himself,  delivered  his  brother  into  the  hands  of  six  knights  ed"the'Ki"g. 
that  they  should  guard  him,  which  he  ought  not  to  have  done. 
And  when  he  was  gone  King  Don  Sancho  said  unto  the  knights. 
Let  me  go  and  I  will  depart  out  of  your  country  and  never  enter 
it  again ;  and  I  will  reward  ye  well  as  long  as  ye  live ;  but  they 
answered  him,  that  for  no  reward  Avould  tiiey  commit  such  dis- 
loyalty, but  would  guard  him  Avell,  not  ofibring  him  any  injury, 
till  they  had  delivered  him  to  his  brother  the  King  Don  Garcia. 
While  they  were  parleying  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya  came  up,  he  to 
whom  the  King  had  given  horse  and  arms  before  the  battle  ;  and 
he  seeing  the  King  held  prisoner,  cried  out  Avith  a  loud  voice,  Let 
loose  my  Lord  the  King:  and  he  spuVred  his  horse  and  made  at 
them ;  and  before  his  lance  was  broken  he  overthrew  two  of 
them,  and  so  bestiiTcd  himself  that  he  put  the  others  to  flight ; 
and  he  took  the  horses  of  the  two  whom  he  had  smote  down, 
and  gave  one  to  the  King,  and  mounted  upon  the  other  himself, 
for  his  own  was  hurt  in  the  rescue;  and  they  went  together  to  a 
little  rising  ground  where  there  was  yet  a  small  body  of  the 
knights  of  their  party,  and  Alvar  Fanez  cried  out  to  them  aloud. 
Ye  see  here  the  King  our  Lord,  who  is  free ;  now  then  remember 
the  good  name  of  the  Castillians,  and  let  us  not  lose  it  this  day. 
And  about  four  hundred  knights  gathered  about  him.  And  '  *' 
while  they  stood  there  they  saw  the  Cid  Ruydiez  coming  up 
with  three  hundred  knights,  for  he  had  not  been  in  the  battle, 


43  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  they  knew  liis  green  pennon.    And  when  King  Don  Sancho 

v^»,^   beheld  it  his  heart  rejoieed,  and  he  said,  Now  let  us  descend 

into  the  plain,  for  he  of  good  fortune  conieth  :  and  he  said,  Be 

of  good  heart,  for  it  is  the  will  of  God  that  I  should  recover  my 

kingdom,  for  I  have  escaped  from  captivity,  and  seen  the  death 

of  Don  Rodrigo  Frojaz  who  took  me,  and  Ruydiez  the  fortunate 

one  Cometh.     And  the  King  went  down  to  him  and  welcomed 

him  right  joyfully,  saying,   In  happy  time  are  you   come,  my 

fortunate  Cid  ;  never  vassal  succoured  his  Lord  in  such  season  as 

you  now  succour  me,  for  the  King  my  brother  had  overcome 

cap.Au  ' '  me.     And  the  Cid  answered.  Sir,  be  sure  that  you  shall  recover 

ff.  209.  "     the  day,  or  I  will  die  ;  for  wheresoever  you  go,  either  you  shall 

Nobiliario,       ,  .      .        .  t         -n  i  i 

49.  be  victorious  or  1  will  meet  my  death. 

How  King        XIV.     By  this  time    King  Don   Garcia  returned  from  the 

was  taken,    pursuit,  siugiiig  as  he  came  full  joyfully,  for  he  thought  that  the 

King  his  brother  was  a  prisoner,  and  his  great  poAver  overthrown. 

But  there  came  one  and  told  him  that  Don  Sancho  was  rescued 

and  in  the  field  again,  ready  to  give  him  battle  a  second  time. 

Bravely  Avas  that  second  battle  fought  on  both  sides  ;  and  if  it 

had  not  been  for  the  great  prowess  of  the  Cid,  the  end  would 

not  have 'been  as  it  was  :  in  the  end  the  Galegos  and  Portugueze 

Avere  discomfited,  and  the  King  Don  Garcia  taken  in  his  turn. 

And  in  that  battle  the  tAvo  brethren  of  Don  Rodrigo  Frojaz, 

^,    r-       Don  Pedro  and  Don  Vermui,  Avere  slain,  and  the  two  sons  of 

'an-MCid.  Don  Pedro,  so  that  five  of  that  family  died  that  da}'.     Aiid  the 

Briioliou.    King  Don  Sancho  put  his  brother  in  better  Avard  than  his  brother 

■,]Tg.     ''  three  hours  before  had  put  him,  for  he  put  him  in  chains  and 

#'27?° '     sent  him  to  the  strong  castle  of  Luna  *. 


'  Tlie  history  of  Garcia's  captivity  is  defective.    His  epitaph  says  that  he  was 
.taken  by  stratagem.     The  Castle  of  Luna  was  in  Alfonso's  dominions,  and  from 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  49 

XV.     When  Kinoj  Don  Sanclio  had  done  this  he  took  unto  BOOK 

II 
himself  the  kingdom  of  Gahcia  and  of  Portugal,  and  without  ^.^v^ 

delay  sent  to  his  brother  kmg  Don  Altonso,   commanding  limi  Don  sanch„ 

.  .  1    •       1  •     1  vent  againit 

to  yield  up  to  him  the  kinodom  of  Leon,  tor  it  was  his  by  rigtit.  hisbrother 
At  this  was  the  King  of  Leon  troubled  at  heart  ;  howbeit  he 
answered  that  he  would  not  yield  up  his  kingdom,  but  do  his 
utmost  to  defend  it.  Then  King  Don  Sancho  entered  Leon, 
slaying  and  laying  waste  before  him,  as  an  army  of  infidels 
would  have  done ;  and  King  Don  Alfonso  sent  to  him  to  bid 
him  cfiase  from  this,  for  it  was  inhuman  work  to  kill  and  plunder 
the  innocent :  and  he  defied  hira  to  a  pitched  battle,  saying 
that  to  whichsoeyer  God  should  give  the  victory,  to  him  also 
would  he  give  the  kingdom  of  Leon :  and  the  King  of  Castille 
accepted  the  defiance,  and  a  day  Avas  fixed  for  the  battle,  and 
the  place  Avas  to  be  Lantada,  which  is  near  unto  Carrion.     The 


hence  Sandoval  infers  that  he  aided  Sancho.  Beiganza  adduces  two  early 
MSS.  to  prove  that  Sancho  set  him  free,  and  tliat  he  was  afterwards  takea 
by  Alfonso;  and  it  should  be  remarked  in  corroboration  of  this  opinion,  that  the 
Archbishop  Rodrigo  makes  the  defeat  and  flight  of  Alfonso  anterior  to  Garcia's 
capture  :  but  whether  or  not  Alfonso  assisted  one  brother  in  ruining  the  other, 
he  profited  by  the  crime.  Seventeen  years  after  iiis  own  succession  he  suffered 
Garcia  to  remain  a  prisoner  and  in  chains.  At  the  end  of  that  time  Garcia  fell 
sick  and  desired  to  be  bled.  The  King  then  either  felt  or  affected  compassion, 
and  ordered  his  brother's  irons  to  be  taken  off.  But  Garcia  would  not  submit  to 
this  tardy  and  unavailing  humanity  ;  he  knew  that  his  sickness  was  mortal,  and 
said  that  as  he  had  worn  those  irons  so  long,  he  would  die  in  them,  and  all  that 
he  requested  of  his  brother  now,  was  that  he  might  be  buried  in  them.  This  was 
not  refused,  and  he  was  buried  in  his  chains  beside  the  King  his  father,  in  the 
church  of  St.  Isidro  at  Leon.     Chronica  General,  ff.  234. 

His  monument  represents  him  in  these  fetters.  This  is  the  epitaph  :  H.  R. 
Dmnus  Garcia  Rex  Portugalice  et  Galicia,  Jilius  Regis  Magni  Ferdinandi :  hie 
iiigenio  captus  a  fratre  suo,  in  vincuUs  obiit.     £/-3  .m.c.xxviu.    xi  Kal.  Aprilis. 

Sandoval,  ff.  27. 
H 


50  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

HOOK  chief  counsellor  of  Kins;  Don  Alfonso  Avas  Don  Pero  Ansures, 

II  ■ 

,.„.^J^   a  notable  and  valiant  knight,  of  the  old  and  famous  stock  of  the 

Ansures,  Lords  of  IMonzon,  which  is  nigh  unto  Palencia ;  the  same 

Avlio  in  process  of  time  was  Count  of  Carrion  and  of  Saldana 

and  Liebana,  and  Lord  of  Valladolid,  a  city  which  was  by  him 

greatly  increased.     This  good  knight  commanded  the  arniy  of 

his  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  on  the  part  of  King  Don  Sancho 

came  Ruydiez  the  Cid.     Both  Kings  were  in  the  field  that  day, 

and  full  hardily  was   the  battle  contested,   and  great  was  the 

mortality  on  either  side,  for  the  hatred  which  used  to  be  between 

Moors  and  Christians  Avas  then  between  brethren..     And  that  day 

also  was  the  saying  of  Arias  Gonzalo  fulfilled.     But  in  the  end 

2plii^'^'  the  skill  and  courage   of  my    Cid  prevailed,    and   King  Don. 

/.  210.'"     Alfonso  was  fain  to  avail  himself  of  his  horse's   feet  to   save 

Sanditval,         -    .  ^  ^ 

ff.  29.        himself. 

Of  the  battle  XVI.  Nevertheless  the  power  of  King  Don  Alfonso  was  not 
.uFuipege-  ^^^  destroyed,  and  he  Avould  not  yield  up  his  kingdom  :  and  he 
sent  to  his  brother  a  second  time  to  bid  him  battle,  saying  that 
whosoever  conquered  should  then  certainly  remain  King  of 
Leon ;  and  the  place  appointed  was  at  Vulpegera,  beside  the 
river  Carrion.  And  the  tAvo  armies  met  and  joined  battle,  and 
they  of  Leon  had  the  victory,  for  my  Cid  Avas  not  in  the  field. 
And  King  Don  Alfonso  had  pity  upon  the  Castillians  because 
they  Avere  Christians,  and  gave  orders  not  to  slay  them  ;  and 
his  brother  King  Don  Sancho  fled.  Noav  as  he  Avas  flying,  my 
Cid  came  up  Avith  his  green  pennon  ;  and  Avhen  he  saAv  that 
the  King  his  Lord  had  been  conquered  it  grieved  him  sorely  : 
hoAvbcit  he  encouraged  him  saying,  This  is  nothing,  Sir !  to  fail 
or  to  prosper  is  as  God  pleases.  But  do  you  gather  together 
your  people  Avho  are  discomfited,  and  bid  them  take  heart. 
The  Leonese  and  Galegos  are  Avith  the  King  your  brother, 
secure  as  they  think  themselves  in  their  lodging,  and  taking  no 


HODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  51 

thovio-ht  of  you  ;  for  it  is  their  custom  to  extol  themselves  when  BOOK 

•         •  II 

their  fortune  is  fair,  and  to  mock  at  others,  and  in  this  boast-  .^^^^ 

fulness  will  they  spend  the  night,  so  that  we  shall  find  them  sleep- 
ing at  break  of  day,  and  will  fall  upon  them.  And  it  came  to 
pass  as  he  had  said.  The  Leonese  lodged  themselves  in  Vulpe- 
gera,  taking  no  thought  of  their  enemies,  and  setting  no  watch  ; 
and  Ruydiez  arose  betimes  in  the  morning  and  fell  upon  them, 
and  subdued  thera  before  they  could  take  tlieir  arms.  King 
Don  Alfonso  fled  to  the  town  of  Carrion,  which  was  three 
leagues  distant,  and  would  have  fortified  himself  there  in  the  cap.  44. 45.' 

Chr.  Gtn, 

Church  of  St.  Mary,  but  he  was  surrounded  and  constrained  to  #210. 

Sandoval^ 

jield.  i'-^o- 

XVII.  Now  the  knights  of  Leon  gathered  together  in  their  How  the  ca 
flight,  and  when  they  covdd  not  find  their  King  they  were  King  Don 
greatly  ashamed,  and  they  turned  back  and  smote  the  Castil- 
lians ;  and  as  it  befell,  they  encountered  King  Don  Sancho 
and  took  him  prisoner,  not  having  those  in  his  company  whom 
he  should  have  had,  for  his  people  considered  the  victory  as 
their  own,  and  all  was  in  confusion.  And  thirteen  kniolits  took 
him  in  their  ward  and  were  leading  him  away, — but  my  Cid 
l)eheld  them  and  galloped  after  them :  he  was  alone,  and  had  no 
lance,  having  broken  his  in  the  battle.  And  he  came  up  to 
them  and  said,  Knights,  give  me  my  Lord  and  I  will  give  unto 
you  yours.  They  knew  him  by  his  arms,  and  they  made  ansAver, 
Ruydiez,  return  in  peace  and  seek  not  to  contend  with  us, 
otherwise  we  will  carry  you  away  prisoner  with  him.  Aiid  he 
waxed  wroth  and  said.  Give  me  but  a  lance  and  I  will,  single  as 
I  am,  rescue  my  Lord  fiom  all  of  ye :  by  God's  help  I  will  do  it. 
And  they  held  him  as  nothing  because  he  was  but  one,  and  gave 
him  a  lance.  But  he  attacked  them  thercAvith  so  bravely  that 
he  slew  eleven  of  the  thirteen,  leaving  two  only  alive,  on  whom  rap?ll^' ' 
he  had  mercy  ;  and  thus  did  he  rescue  the  King.     And  the  /.  '210!"' 


52  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CII>, 

BOOK  Castillians  rejoiced  greatly  at  the  King's  deliverance:  and  King 
>.,,„.^^  Don  Sancho  Avent  to  Burgos,  and  took  with  him  his  brother 
A.D.1072.  prisoner. 

jiow  King  XVIII.  Great  was  the  lov^e  which  the  Infanta  Dona  Unaca 
jied  to  the  bore  to  her  brother  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  when  she  heard  that 
he  was  made  prisoner,  she  feared  least  he  should  be  put  to  death : 
and  she  took  Avith  her  the  Count  Don  Peransures,  and  went  to 
Burgos.  And  they  spake  with  the  Cid,  and  besought  him  that 
he  would  join  with  them  and  intercede  with  the  King  that  he 
should  release  his  brother  from  prison,  and  let  him  become  a 
Monk  at  Sahagun.  Full  willing  was  the  Cid  to  serve  in  any 
thing  the  Infanta  Dona  Urraca,  and  he  went  Avith  her  before 
the  King.  And  she  knelt  down  before  the  King  her  brother, 
and  besought  mercy  for  Don  Alfonso,  his  brother  and  hers.. 
And  the  King  took  her  by  the  hand  and  raised  her  from  her 
knees,  and  made  her  sit  beside  him,  and  said  unto  her,  Now 
then,  my  sister,  say  what  you  would  have.  And  she  besought 
him  that  he  Avould  let  their  brother  Don  Alfonso  take  the  habit 
of  St.  Benedict,  in  the  royal  Monastery  of  Sahagun,  and  m}^ 
Cid,  and  Count  Peransures  and  the  other  chief  persons  who 
were  there  present,  besought  him  in  like  manner.  And  the  King 
took  my  Cid  aside,  and  asked  counsel  of  him  what  he  should  do ; 
and  the  Cid  said,  that  if  Don  Alfonso  were  willing  to  become  a 
Monk,  he  would  do  well  to  set  him  free  upon  that  condition^ 
and  he  besought  him  so  to  do.  Then  King  Don  Sancho,.  at  my 
Cid's  request,  granted  to  Dona  Urraca  what  she  had  asked. 
And  he  released  King  Don  Alfonso  from  prison,  and  Doa 
Alfonso  became  a  Monk  in  the  Monastery  at  Sahagun,  more 
by  force  than  of  free  will.  And  being  in  the  Monastery  he 
spake  with  Don  Peransures,  and  took  counsel  with  him,  and 
fap^it^*^'  fled  away  by  night  from  the  Monks,  and  went  among  the  Moors 
f.'^u'"'    to  King  Alimayraon  of  Toledo.     And  the  Moorish  King  wck 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  53 

corned  liiin  with  a  good  will,  and  did  oreat  honour  to  liini,  and  BOOK 

gave  him  great  possessions  and  many  gifts.  v-i-v-*-' 

XIX.     When  Dona  Urraca  knew  that  her  brother  King  Don  ofthe 

friendship 

Alfonso  had  fled  to  Toledo,  she  sent  to  him  three  good  men  ^-hich  ah- 

piaymon 

of  the  kingdom  of  Leon,  that  thev  should  be  his  counsellors,  '^^'^'i^'" 

~  '  '  King  Don 

for  she  loved  him  well.  These  were  Don  Pero  Ansures,  and  ^^i''"""- 
Don  Ferran  Ansures,  and  Don  Gonzalo  Ansures,  all  three 
brethren  :  and  they  went  wdtli  King  Don  Sancho's  permission, 
for  it  was  God's  pleasure.  Now  Alimaymon  rejoiced  in  the 
King  Don  Alfonso,  and  loved  liim  as  if  he  had  been  his  own 
son.  And  Don  Alfonso  made  a  covenant  with  him  to  love  him 
and  defend  him  and  serve  him  alway,  so  long  as  he  should 
remain  with  him,  and  not  to  depart  from  him  without  his  leave ; 
and  the  King  covenanted  on  his  side  to  love  liira  and  honour 
him,  and  defend  him  to  the  utmost  of  his  power.  And  Ali- 
maymon ordered  fair  palaces  to  be  edified  for  him,  by  the  wall 
of  the  Alcazar,  on  the  outer  part,  that  the  Moors  of  the  city 
might  do  no  displeasure  neither  to  him  nor  to  his  companions  : 
and  they  were  hard  by  a  garden  of  the  King's,  that  he  might 
go  out  and  disport  himself  therein  whensoever  it  pleased  him. 
And  for  these  things  King  Don  Alfonso  loved  to  ser\'e  King 
Alimaymon.  Nevertheless  when  he  saw  the  great  honour  of  the 
King  of  Toledo,  and  how  powerful  he  was,  and  that  he  was  the 
Lord  of  so  great  chivalry,  and  of  the  noblest  city  which  had  be- 
longed unto  the  Gothic  Kings,  from  whom  he  himself  was 
descended,  it  grieved  him  in  liis  heart  to  see  that  city  in  the 
hand  of  the  Moora :  and  he  said  within  his  heart,  Lord  God  and 
Father  Jesus  Christ,  it  is  wholly  in  thy  power  to  give  and  to 
take  away,  and  right  it  is  that  tliy  will  should  be  done,  even  as 
thou  hast  done  it  to  me,  to  Avhom  thou  gavest  a  kingdom,  and 
it  was  thy  will  to  take  it  away  from  me,  and  thou  hast  made  me 
come  hither  to  sene  the  enemies  who  were  at  the  serAdce  of  the 


54  CHRONICLE    or    THE    CID, 

BOOK  King  my  father.  Lord,  I  put  my  hope  in  thee  that  thou  wilt 
K^,^  deUver  me  from  this  servitude,  and  give  me  a  land  and  kingdom 
to  command,  and  that  thou  wilt  show  unto  me  such  favour  that 
this  land  and  this  city  shall  by  me  be  won,  that  thy  holy  body 
may  be  sacrificed  in  it  to  the  honour  of  Christendom.  This 
prayer  he  made  with  great  devotion  and  with  many  tears  ;  and 
the  Lord  God  heard  him,  as  hereafter  you  shall  hear  in  this 
history.  In  those  days  King  Alimaymon  was  at  Avar  Avith  other 
Moorish  Kings  his  enemies,  and  King  Don  Alfonso  fought 
against  them  on  his  side,  and  did  such  good  serAuce  that  he 
quelled  their  poAver,  and  they  durst  no  longer  offend  him. 
And  in  time  of  peace  Don  Alfonso  and  his  companions  Avent 
foAvling  along  the  banks  of  the  Tagus,  for  in  those  days  there 
AA^as  much  game  there,  and  venison  of  all  kinds ;  and  they 
killed  A^enison  anions;  the  mountains.  And  as  he  Avas  thus 
sporting  he  came  to  a  place  Avhich  is  noAV  called  Brihuega,  and 
it  pleased  him  Avell,  for  it  Avas  a  fair  place  to  dAvell  in,  and 
abounded  Avith  game,  and  there  Avas  a  dismantled  castle  there, 
and  he  thought  that  he  Avould  ask  the  King  for  this  place.  And 
he  returned  to  Toledo  and  asked  it  of  the  King,  and  King 
Alimaymon  gave  it  him,  and  he  placed  tlwre  his  huntsmen  and 
his  foAvlers  Avho  Avere  Christians,  and  fortified  the  place  as  his 
OAvn.     And  the  lineage  of  these  people  continued  there  till  Don 

Chr.delCid.  .  '='.  , 

cnp.48.49.  Juan,  the  third  archbishop  of  Toledo,  enlarged  it,  and  peopled 
i' '•'"•       the  parish  of  St.  Pedro.  t-j^-j     . 

ofoietoik        XX.     It  came  to  pass  after  this  that  both  the  Kinsfs  one 
Moors  hcu,  tlay  came  out  of  Toledo,  and  past  over  the  brido;e  of  Alcantara, 

inwnat  man-  '  ^  C7  ' 

and  Avent  into  the  royal  garden  to  disport  themselves  therein  and 
take  their  pleasure.  And  at  evening  Don  Alfonso  lay  doAvn 
upon  a  bed  to  sleep,  and  King  Alimaymon  fell  in  talk  with  his 
favourites  concerning  his  city  of  Toledo,  hoAV  strong  it  was  and 
hoAv  Avell  provided  Avith  all  things,  and  that  he  feared  heithei' 


inwhatman 
Iter  Toledo 
could  be 
taken. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ   DE   BIVAR.  55 

war  of  Moor  nor  Christian  against  it;  and  he  asked  them  if  it  BOOK 

II 
could  by  any  means  be  lost  in  war.     Then  one  of  them  answered   s^v->-^ 

and  said,  Sir,  if  you  would  not  hold  it  ill,  I  would  tell  you  how 

it  might  be  lost,  and  by  no  other  manner  in  the  world  could  it 

be  so.     And  the  King  bade  him  say  on.     And  the  favourite 

then  said.  If  this  city  were  beset  for  seven  years,  and  the  bread 

and  the  wine  and  the  fi-uits  should  be  cut  down  j^ear  by  year,  it 

would  be  lost  for  lack  of  food.     All  this  Kinsj  Don  Alfonso 

heard,  for  he  was  not  sleeping,  and  he  took  good  heed  of  it. 

Now  the  IMoors  knew  not  that  he  was  lying  there.     And  when 

they  had  thus  spoken  Alimaymon  arose  to  Avalk  in  the  palace, 

and  he  saw  King  Don  Alfonso  13'ing  there  as  if  he  Avere  sleeping : 

and  it  troubled  him,  and  he  said  to  his  favourites,  We  did  not 

lieed  Alfonso  Avho  is  lying  there,  and  has  heard  all  that  Ave  have 

said.     And  the  favourites  made  answer.  Kill  him.  Sir,     But  the 

King  said,  Hoav  shall  I  go  against  my  true  promise  ?  moreoA'er 

he  sleepeth,  and  peradvcnture  hath  heard  nothing.     And  they 

said  to  him.  Would  you  knoAV  Avhether  or  not  he  sleepeth.^  and 

he  ansAvered,  Yea:  and  they  said.  Go  then  and  Avake  him,  and 

if  he  have  drivelled  he  hath  slept,  but  if  not  he  hath  been  aAvake 

and  hath   heard   us.     Then    King    Don    Alfonso    immediately 

Avetted  the  pilloAV%  and  feigned  himself  hard  to  be  aAvakened, 

,  .   ,.  1111  Chr.ddCid. 

so  that  Amna^'mon  thought  he  slept.  ^p.  50. 


»  Garibay  relates  with  due  discredit  an  old  story,  in  which  Alfonso  is  put  to  a 
more  painful  proof.     To  try  whether  he  is  really  asleep  they  propose  to  pour 
melted  lead  upon  his  hand  ;  he  resolutely  lets  the  proof  be  made,,  and  his  hand  is- 
burnt  through,  from  whence,  it  is  added,  he  was  called  El  dela  mano  oradada, — he 
i;  of  the  pierced  hand.     But  this  appellation  was  in  reality  given  him  for  his  liberal- 

J|  ity,  como  oy  diu  dezimos  maniroto,  a  /os  que  mucho  gastati,  como  lo  nolo  bien  Atcocer 

sobre  el  memo  jpunto.     L.  11.  C.  12.     The  Chronica  General  has  neither  of  these 
stories. 


5Q  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK       XXI.    And  when  the  Easter  of  the  Sheep"  was  come,  which 

^Jl^:^   the  Moors  celebrate,  the  King  of  Toledo  went  out  of  the  city 

l^ymlU'tnok  to  kill  thc  shccp  at  the  place  accustomed,  as  he  was  wont  to  do, 

7,'TgVon'"  and  King  Don  Alfonso  went  with  him.     Now  Don  Alfonso  was 

jifomo.      ^  goodly  personage  and  of  fair  demeanour,  so  that  the  Moors 

liked  him  welL     And  as  he  was  going  by  the  side  of  the  King, 

two  honourable  Moors  followed  them,  and  the  one  said  unto  the 

other,  IIoAV   fair  a  knight   is  this  Christian,  and  of  what  good 

customs !  well  doth  he  deserve  to  be  the  lord  of  some  great  land. 

And  the  other  made  answer,  I  dreamed  a  dream  last  night,  that 

this  Alfonso  entered  the  city  riding  upon  a  huge  boar,  and  many 

swine  after  him,  who  rooted  up  all  Toledo  with  their  snouts,  and 

even  the  Mosques  therein :  Certes,  he  will  one  day  become  King 

of  Toledo.     And  while  they  Avere  thus  comnmning  every  hair 

upon  King  Don  Alfonso's  head  stood  up  erect,  and  Alimaymon 

laid  his  hand  upon  them  to  press  them  ilown,  but  so  soon  as  his 

hand  was  taken  off  they  rose  again ;  and  the  two  Moors  held  it 


^The  Bairem  of  the  Turks.  "  This  festival  conslsteth  of  four  days  succes- 
sively, days  of  satisfaction,  rejoicing,  and  content,  wherein  both  soul  and  body 
are  exhiiiraled.  The  sacrifice  must  be  of  a  creature  lawfully  to  be  eaten,  elected 
from  the  drove  or  flock  of  those  who  have  them,  or  purchased  by  those  who  have 
none  of  their  own;  and  it  ought  to  be  in  good  case,  sound  and  healthy,  and  the 
ceremony  performed  at  the  hour  of  Adoah,  (in  the  forenoon,  when  the  sun  is  half 
way  advanced  towards  the  meridian)  the  feet  of  the  victim  fast  tied,  the  head  to 
the  Keb/a,  and  when  thc  weapon  passeth  over  the  creature's  throat,  BismUlah 
Allahii  Akl)ur  must  be  pronounced  aloud.  If  possible  this  ought  to  be  performed 
in  a  clear  unpolluted  place,  rather  in  private  than  otherwise,  and  accompanied 
with  fumigations  of  odoriferous  drugs.  This  must  be  constantly  observed  once  a 
year  on  this  day,  and  every  ^Jussulman  must  then  sacrifice  a  sheep  if  he  is  able, 
or  if  not,  that  which  he  can  most  conveniently  procure  ;  for  God  receiveth  and 
accepteth  of  ofterings  according  to  the  intention  with  which  they  are  rendered  bj 
the  offerer."     Morgans  Makomelisin  Etplained,  Vol.  2.  P.  188. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  57 

for  a  great  token,  and  spake  Avith  each  other  concerning  it,  and  BOOK 
one  of  King  Ahmaymon's  favourites  heard  all  which  they  said,  v^^ 
And  after  the  sheep  had  been  sacrificed  they  returned  into  the 
city,  and  the  favourite  told  the  King  what  he  had  heard  the  two 
I^Ioors  say  ;  and  the  King  sent  for  them  fortlnvith,  and  questioned 
them,  and  they  repeated  to  him  what  they  had  said,  even  as  ye 
have  heard.  And  King  Alimaymon  said  unto  them,  What  then 
shall  I  do?  and  they  made  answer,  that  he  should  put  Don  Al- 
fonso to  death  ;  but  the  King  replied,  that  this  he  w^ould  not 
do,  nor  go  against  the  true  promise  Avhich  he  had  given  him,  but 
that  he  would  so  deal  that  no  evil  should  ever  come  towards  him- 
self from  Alfonso.  So  he  sent  for  Don  Alfonso  and  bade  him 
swear  that  he  would  never  come  against  him,  nor  against  his  sons, 
and  that  no  evil  should  come  against  them  from  liim  ;  and  King 
Don  Alfonso  did  as  Alimaymon  required,  and  did  him  homage 
to  this  effect.  And  tlienceforth  was  the  King  of  Toledo  more 
secure  of  him,  and  held  him  even  in  greater  tkvour  than  before. 
All  this  while  did  Kins;  Don  Alfonso  govern  himself  by  the  advice  cap.ii. 

1     •         1    1   •  1-  1  1  II      CAr.  Gen.-  ' 

of  Count  Peransures,  who  alway  advised  hun  discreetly  and  well.  #  ^u. 

XXII.     But  when  King  Don  Sancho  heard  hoAv  his  brother  How  King 
had   fled    from    the    INlonastery,    he   drew    out    his    host    and  crouned 

*^  himselj  King, 

went    ao-ainst   the  city   of    Leon.     The    Leonese    would    fain  c/;"'^"'««' 

^  ^  kingdoms*  , 

have  maintained  the  city  against  him,  but  they  could  not,  and 
he  took  the  city  of  Leon,  and  all  the  towns  and  castles  which 
had  been  under  the  dominion  of  his  brother  King  Don  Alfonso. 
And  then  he  put  the  crown  upon  his  head,  and  called  himself 
King  of  the  three  kingdoms.  He  was  a  fair  knight  and  of  mar- 
vellous courase,  so  that  both  Moors  and  Christians  were  dis~ 
mayed  at  what  they  saw  him  do,  for  they  saw  that  nothing  Avhich 
he  Avilled  to  take  by  force  could  stand  against  him.  And  when 
the  Infanta  Doiia  Urraca,  and  the  men  of  Zamora,  saw  that  he 
had  quiet  possession  of  both  his  brothers  kingdoms,  they  feared 

I 


58  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  that  he  avouIcI  come  against  them  and  disherit  his  sister  also. 
^^J^^  And  for  this  reason  they  took  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  to  be  their 
chief  captain,  Dona  Urraca's  foster-father,  that  by  his  means 
they  might  protect  themsehes,  if  need  should  be.  And  it  came 
to  pass  as  they  had  feared,  for  King  Don  Sancho  knew  that  his 
sisters  greatly  loved  Don  Alfonso,  and  he  thought  that  by  their 
counsel  he  had  tied  from  the  Monastery,  especially  by  Dona  Ur- 
raca's, because  Don  Alfonso  guided  himself  in  all  things  by  her 
counsel,  holding  her  in  place  of  a  mother,  for  she  was  a  lady  of 
great  understanding.  And  he  went  forth  with  liis  arm}',  and 
took  from  the  Infanta  Dona  Elvira  the  half  of  the  Infantazgo 
which  she  possessed,  and  also  from  Dona  UiTaca  the  other  half. 
And  he  went  against  Toro,  the  city  of  Doiia  Elvira,  and  took  it ; 
and  then  he  went  to  Zamora  to  Dona  Urraca,  bidding  her  yield 
him  up  the  city,  and  saying  that  he  Avould  give  her  lands  as  much 
as  she  required  in  the  plain  country.  But  she  returned  for  an- 
swer, that  she  would  in  no  manner  yield  unto  him  that  Avhich 
the  King  her  father  had  given  her ;  and  she  besought  him  that 
f^iiQ^"'  he  would  suffer  her  to  continue  to  dwell  peaceably  therein,  saying 
ca;;?52.  i3."  that  uo  disscrvicc  should  ever  be  done  against  him  on  her  part. 
How  King  XXIII.  Then  King  Don  Sancho  went  to  Burgos,  because  it 
ucut  againlt  was  uot  thc  scasou  for  besieging  a  toAvn,  being  winter.  And  he 
sent  his  letters  through  all  the  land,  calling  upon  his  vassals  to 
assemble  together  upon  the  first  day  of  March  in  Sahagun,  up- 
on pain  of  forfeiting  his  favour.  Now  though  the  King  M'as  yet 
but  a  young  man,  M'hose  beard  was  but  just  coming,  he  was  of 
so  great  courage  that  the  people  feared  him,  and  dared  not  do 
otherwise  than  as  he  commanded.  And  they  assembled  toge- 
ther in  Sahagun  on  the  day  appointed;  and  when  the  King 
heard  in  what  readiness  they  were,  it  gladdened  him,  and  he 
lifted  up  his  hands  to  God  and  said,  Blessed  be  thy  name,  O 
Lord,  because  thou  hast  given  me  all  the  kingdoms  of  my  father. 


RODRTGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  59 

And  when  he  had  said  this  he  ordered  proclamation  to  be  made  BOOK 
through  the  streets  of  Burgos,  that  all  should  go  forth  to  protect  ^.^^ 
the  host  and  the  body  of  the  King  their  Lord.  And  the  day  in 
which  they  left  Burgos  they  took  up  their  lodging  at  Fromesta  ; 
and  the  next  day  they  came  to  Camon,  but  the  King  would 
not  lodge  there,  and  he  went  on  to  Sahagun,  Avhere  the  army 
awaited  him,  and  took  up  his  lodging  without  the  town ;  and  on 
the  following  morning  he  bade  the  host  advance,  and  they  made 
such  speed  that  in  three  dajs  they  arrived  before  Zaniora,  and 
pitched  their  tents  upon  the  banks  of  the  Douro;  and  he  ordered 
proclamation  to  be  made  throughout  the  host  that  no  harm 
should  be  done  until  he  had  commanded  it.  And  he  mounted 
on  horseback  Avith  his  hidalsros  and  rode  round  the  town,  and 
beheld  how  strongly  it  was  situated  upon  a  rock,  with  strong 
Avails,  and  many  and  strong  tOAvers,  and  the  river  Douro  running 
at  the  foot  thereof;  and  he  said  unto  his  knights.  Ye  see  how 
strong  it  is,  neither  Moor  nor  Christian  can  prevail  against  it ; 
if  I  could  have  it  from  my  sister  either  for  money  or  exchange,  ^'''jif^"* 
I  should  be  Lord  of  Spain..  cay.' si. 54^ 

XXIV.     Then  the  King  returned  to  his   tents,   and  incon- 


snire  which 


tinently  he  sent  for  the  Cid,  and  said  unto  liim,  Cid,  you  \heKingsent 
Avell  knoAv  how  manifoldly  you  are  bound  unto  me,  both  raca. 
by  nature,  and  by  reason  of  the  breeding  Avhich  the  King 
my  father  gave  you ;  and  Avhen  he  died  he  commended 
you  to  me,  and  I  haAC  e\er  shoAvn  favour  unto  you,  and 
you  have  ever  served  me  as  the  ioyalest  vassal  that  ever 
did  service  to  his  Lord ;  and  I  have  for  your  good  deserts 
given  unto  you  more  than  there  is  in  a  great  county,  and 
have  made  you  the  chief  of  all  my  household.  Noav  therefore 
I  beseech  you  as  my  friend  and  true  vassal,  that  you  go 
to  Zamora  to  my  sister  Dona  L^rraca,  and  say  unto  her 
again,   that  I   beseech   her  to   give  me   the   town   either   for 


QQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  a  price,  or  in  exchange,  and  I  will  give  to  her  IMedina  de 
v^^^  ]{io-sec(),  with  the  whole  Infantazgo,  from  A'illalpando  to 
\  ailadolid,  and  Tiedra  also,  which  is  a  good  Castle  ;  and  I 
Avill  swear  unto  her,  with  twelve  knights  of  my  vassals,  never 
to  break  this  covenant  between  us ;  but  if  she  I'cfuseth  to 
do  this  I  will  take  away  the  town  from  her  by  force.  And  my 
Cid  kissed  the  hand  of  the  King  and  said  unto  him.  This 
bidding,  Sir,  should  be  for  other  messenger,  for  it  is  a  heavy 
thing  for  me  to  deliver  it ;  for  I  Avas  brought  up  in  Zamora 
by  your  father's  command,  in  the  house  of  Don  Arias  Gonzalo, 
with  Doiia  Urraca  and  with  his  sons,  and  it  is  not  fitting 
that  I  should  be  the  bearer  of  such  biddins;.  And  the  King 
persisted  in  requiring  of  him  that  he  should  go,  insomuch 
that  he  was  constrained  to  obey  his  will.  And  he  took  with 
him  fifteen  of  his  knights  and  rode  towards  Zamora,  and  Avhcn 
he  drew  nigh. he  called  unto  those  who  kept  guard  in  the  towers 
not  to  shoot  their  arrows  at  him,  for  he  was  Ruydiez  of  Bivar, 
who  came  to  Doiia  Urraca  with  the  bidding  of  her  brother 
King  J3on  Sanclio.  AVith  that  there  came  down  a  knight  Avho 
was  nepliew  to  Arias  Gonzalo,  and  had  the  keeping  of  the  gate, 
and  he  bade  the  Cid  enter,  saying  that  he  would  order  him  to 
be  Avell  lodo-ed  while  he  went  to  Dona  Urraca  to  know  if  she 
A\-ould  be  pleased  to  sec  him.  So  the  Cid  Avent  in,  and  the 
knight  went  to  the  Infanta,  and  told  her  that  Ruydiez  of  Bivar 
was  come  Avith  a  message  from  King  'Don  Sancho;  and  it 
pleased  her  avcII  that  he  should  be  the  messenger,  and  she  bade 
him  come  before  her  that  she  might  knoAV  Avhat  Avas  his  bid- 
ding ;  and  she  sent  Arias  Gonzalo  and  the  other  knights  of 
her  party  to  meet  him  and  accompany  him.  And  Avhen  the 
Cid  entered  tlie  palace  Dona  Urraca  advanced  to  meet  him, 
and  oTcetcd  him  full  Avell,  and  they  seated  themselves  both 
Kptm  the  Estrado.     And  Dona  Urraca  said  unto  him,  Cid,  you 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gj 

well  know  that  vou  were  brouoht  up  Avith  me  here  in  Zamora,  in  BOO  K 
the  house  of  Don  Arias  Gonzalo,  and  ^A'hen  my  father  Avas  at  .^.^^-^^ 
the  point  of  death  he  charged  you  that  you  should  alway  coun- 
sel his  sons  the  best  you  could.  Now  therefore  tell  me  I 
beseech  \ou  A\hat  is  it  which  my  brother  goes  about  to  do,  now 
that  he  has  called  up  all  Spain  in  amis,  and  to  what  lands 
lie  thinks  to  2.0,  whether  against  ISIoors  or  Christians.  Then 
the  Cid  answered  and  said.  Lady,  to  messenger  and  a  letter  no 
wrong  should  be  done ;  give  me  safe  assurance  and  I  will  tell  unto 
you  that  which  the  King  your  brother  hath  sent  me  to  say.  And 
she  said  she  would  do  as  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  should  advise  her. 
And  Don  Arias  answered  that  it  was  well  to  hear  what  the 
King  her  brother  had  sent  to  say:  Peradventure,  said  he,  he 
goeth  against  the  Moors,  and  requires  aid  of  you,  which  it 
would  be  right  to  give ;  and  for  such  service  I  and  my  sons 
would  go  with  lum,  and  1  would  give  fifteen  of  my  people  well 
mounted  and  armed,  and  supply  tlicni  Avith  food  for  ten  years, 
if  he  needed  them.  Dona  L  rraca  then  said  to  the  Cid,  that  he 
might  speak  his  bidding  safely-  Tlien  said  my  Cid,  the  King 
your  brother  sends  to  greet  you,  and  beseeches  you  to  give  him 
this  toAvn  of  Zamora,  either  for  a  price  or  in  exchange;  and  he 
Avill  give  to  you  jMcdina  dc  Rio-seco,  Avith  the  Avhole  Infantazgo, 
from  Mllal[)ando  to  A'alladolid,  and  the  good  castle  of  Tiedra, 
and  he  Avill  SAvear  unto  you,  with  twelve  knights  his  vassals,  never 
to  do  3'ou  hurt  or  harm  ;  but  if  you  Avill  not  give  him  the  toAvn,  he  /  313"'" 

.,,  ,         .  .  .,,  Chr.delCid. 

Avill  take  it  aganist  your  aviII.  «;;.  55. 

XXV.    AA  hen  Doiia  Urraca  heard  this  she  Avas  sorely  grieved,  ofthecoun- 
and  in  her  great  sorroAv  she  lamented  aloud,  saving.  Wretch  that  urmcMd, 
1  am,  many  are  the  evil  messages  avIucIi  1  have  heard  since  my  swerwhick 
father's  death!  He  hath  disherited  my  brother  King  Don  Garcia 
of  his  kingdom,  and  taken  liim,  and  noAV  holds  him  in  irons  as 
if  he  Avere  a  thief  or  a  Moor :  and  he  hath  taken  his  lands  from 


62  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  my  brother  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  forced  him  to  go  among  the 
v^,^^  Moors,  and  hve  there  exiled,  as  if  he  had  been  a  traitor ;  and 
Avould  let  none  go  Avith  him  except  Don  Peransnres  and  his 
brethren,  whom  I  sent :  and  he  hath  taken  her  lands  from  my 
sister  Dona  Elvira  against  her  will,  and  now  would  he  take 
Zamora  from  me  also !  Noav  then  let  the  earth  open  and  swallow 
me,  that  I  may  not  see  so  many  troubles !  And  with  that,  iu 
her  strong  anger  against  her  brother  King  Don  Sancho,  she  said, 
I  am  a  woman,  and  well  know  that  I  cannot  strive  with  him  m 
battle;  but  I  Avill  have  him  slain  either  secretly  or  openly. 
Then  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  stood  up  and  said.  Lady  Dona  Ur- 
raca,  in  thus  complaining  and  making  lamentation  you  do 
inconsiderately  ;  for  in  time  of  trouble  it  befits  us  to  take  thought 
of  Avhat  best  is  to  be  done,  and  so  must  we  do.  Now  then, 
Lady,  give  order  that  all  the  men  of  Zamora  assemble  in  St. 
Salvador's  and  know  of  them  whether  they  will  hold  Avith  you, 
seeing  that  your  father  gave  them  to  you  to  be  your  vassals. 
And  if  they  will  hold  Avith  you,  then  give  not  you  up  the  tOAvn, 
neither  for  a  price,  nor  in  exchange ;  but  if  they  Avill  not,  let  us 
then  go  to  Toledo  among  the  Moors,  Avhere  your  brother  King 
Don  Alfonso  abideth.  And  she  did  as  her  foster-father  had  ad- 
vised, and  it  Avas  proclaimed  through  the  streets  that  the  men  of 
Zamora  should  meet  in  council  at  St.  Salvador's.  And  Avhen  they 
Avere  all  assembled,  Doiia  Urraca  arose  and  said,  Friends  and 
vassals,  ye  have  s6en  how  my  brother  King  Don  Sancho  hath 
disherited  all  his  brethren,  against  the  oath  Avhich  he  made  to 
tlie  King  my  father,  and  noAv  he  Avould  disherit  me  also.  He  hath 
sent  to  bid  me  give  hmi  Zamora,  either  for  a  price  or  in  ex- 
change. NoAV  concerning  this  I  Avould  knoAv  Avhereunto  ye 
advise  me,  and  if  you  Avill  hold  Avith  me  as  good  vassals  and 
true,  for  he  saith  that  he  Avill  take  it  fi'om  me  Avhether  I  will 
or  no ;  but  if  ye  Avill  keep  my  career  I  think  to  defend  it  by 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  53 

God's  mercy  and  with  your  help.  Then  by  command  of  the  BOOK 
council  there  rose  up  a  knight  who  was  called  Don  Nuno,  a  .^,,^^J^ 
mail  of  worth,  aged,  and  of  fair  speech ;  and  he  said,  God  re- 
ward you,  Lady,  this  favour  which  you  have  shewn  us  in  thinking 
good  to  come  to  our  council,  for  Ave  are  your  vassals,  and  should 
do  what  you  command.  And  we  beseech  you  give  not  up 
Zamora,  neither  for  price  nor  for  exchange,  for  he  who  besieges 
you  upon  the  rock  would  soon  drWe  you  from  the  plain.  The 
council  of  Zamora  wih  do  your  bidding,  and  Avill  not  desert  you 
neither  for  trouble  nor  for  danger  which  may  befall  them,  even 
unto  death.  Sooner,  Lady,  will  Ave  expend  all  our  possessions, 
and  eat  our  mules  and  horees,  yea  sooner  feed  upon  our  children 
and  our  wives,  than  give  up  Zamora,  unless  by  your  command. 
And  they  all  with  one  accord  confirmed  Avhat  Don  Nuno  had 
said.  When  the  Infanta  Dona  Urraca  heard  this  she  Avas  Avell 
pleased,  and  praised  them  greatly  ;  and  she  turned  to  the  Cid 
and  said  unto  him.  You  Avere  bred  up  Avith  me  in  this  toAvn  of 
Zamora,  Avhere  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  fostered  you  by  command  of 
the  King  my  father,  and  through  your  help  it  Avas  that  the  King 
my  father  gave  it  unto  me  to  be  my  inheritance.  I  beseech  you 
help  me  noAV  against  my  brother,  and  intreat  him  that  he  Avill 
not  seek  to  disherit  me  ;  but  if  he  Avill  go  on  Avitli  Avhat  he  hath 
begun,  say  to  him  that  I  Avill  rather  die  Avith  the  men  of  Zamora, 
and  they  Avith  me,  than  gi\'e  him  up  the  toAvn,  either  for  price  or 
exchange.  And  Avith  this  ansAver  did  the  Cid  return  unto  the  f.  213. 
King.  ™^  56- 

XX  VL     When  King  Don  Sancho  heard  Avhat  the  Cid  said,  How  the 
his  ano;er  kindled  ao;ainst  him,  and  he  said.  You  have  given  this  wmhwith 
counsel  to  my  sister  because  you  Avere  bred  up  Avith  her.     And 
my  Cid  answered  and  said.  Faithfully  have  I  discharged  your 
bidding,  and  as  a  true  vassal.    HoAvbeit,  O  King,  I  Avill  not  bear 
arms  against  the  Infanta  3'our  sister,  nor  against  Zamora,  because 


g4  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  of  the  days  Avliich  are  past '; — and  I  beseech  you  do  not  persist 
.^J.^:^   in  doing  tliis  wrong.     But  then   King  ])c>n  Sancho  was  more 
greatly  incensed,  and  he  said  unto  liim,  If  it  were  not  that  my 
father  left  you  commended  to  m.c,  I  would  order  you  this  instant 
to  be  hanaed.     But  for  this  which  you  have  said  I  command  you 
to  quit  my  kingdom  within  nine  days.     And  the  Cid  went  to  his 
tent  in  anger,  and  called   for  his  kinsmen  and  his  friends,  and 
bade  them  make  ready  on  the  instant  to  depart  with  him.     And 
he  set  forth  with  all  the  knights  and  esquires  of  his  table,  and 
with    all   their   retainers   horse   and  foot,  twelve  hundred   per- 
sons,   all   men    of  approved   Avorth,   a  goodly  company ; — and 
they   took   the  road    to   Toledo,    meaning   to  join   King  Don 
Alfonso  among  the  Moors.     And  that  night  they  slept  at  Castro 
Nuno.     But  when  the  Counts  and  Ricos-omes,  and  the  other 
good  men  of  the  host  saw  this,  they  understood  the  great  evil 
and  disservice  which  might  arise  to  the  King,  and  to  the  land, 
from  the  departure  of  the  Cid,  who  went  away  in  wrath.     iVnd 
they  went  to  the  King  and  said  unto  him,  Sir,  wherefore  would 
you  lose  so  good  a  vassal,  who  has  done  you  such  great  service  ?  If 
he  should  go  unto  your  brother  Don  Alfonso  among  the  Moors,  he 
Avould  not  let  you  besiege  this  city  thus  in  peace.     And  the  King- 
perceived  that  they  spake  rightly,  and  he  called  for  Don  Diego 
Ordonez,  the  son  of  Count  Don  Bermudo,  who  was  the  son  of  the 
Infante  Don  Ordoiio  of  Leon,  and  bade  him  follow  the  Cid,  and 
beseech  him  in  his  name  to  return  ;  and  whatever  covenant  he 


'  I  have  ventured  to  insert  in  this  place  the  declaration  of  tlie  Cid  that  he 
woukl  not  bear  arms  against  Zamora,  which  is  nowhere  to  bo  found,  neither  ir» 
the  Chronicles  nor  Ballads,  though  referred  to  by  some,  and  implied  in  all. 
This  seemed  the  fittest  place,  as  it  would  account  for  the  violence  of  King 
Sancho's  resentment,  which  would  hardly  have  been  so  excited  by  the  failure  of 
his  embassy,  or  a  mere  suspicion  that  the  Cid  had  not  faithfully  discharged  it. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  g5 

should  make  it  should  be  confirmed  unto  him;  and  of  this  he  BOOK 
ordered  his  letters  of  credence  to  be  made  out.  And  Don  Diego  v^ry^ 
Ordonez  Avent  to  horse,  and  rode  after  the  Cid,  and  overtook 
him  between  Castro  Nuno  and  Medina  del  Campo.  And  Avhen 
it  was  told  vmto  the  Cid  that  Don  Dieo-o  Ordonez  was  comino- 
he  turned  to  meet  him,  and  greeted  him  well,  and  asked  him 
wherefore  he  was  come.  And  he  delivered  the  King's  bidding, 
and  showed  unto  him  his  letters  of  credence,  and  said  unto  him 
that  the  King  besought  liim  not  to  bear  in  mind  the  words  which 
he  had  spoken  unto  him,  being  in  anger.  Then  the  Cid  called 
together  his  kinsmen  and  friends,  and  asked  them  what  they 
should  do.  And  they  counselled  him  that  he  should  return  ta 
the  King,  for  it  was  better  to  remain  in  his  land  and  serve  God, 
than  to  go  among  the  ISIoors.  And  he  held  their  counsel  good, 
and  called  for  Don  Diego,  and  said  unto  him  that  he  would  do 
the  will  of  the  King  :  and  Don  Diego  sent  to  the  King  to  tell 
him  how  he  had  sped.  And  when  the  Cid  drew  nigh  unto  the 
host,  the  King  went  out  with  five  hundred  knights  to  meet  him, 
and  received  him  gladly,  and  did  him  great  honour.  And  the 
Cid  kissed  his  hand  and  asked  him  if  he  confirmed  what  Don 
Diego  had  said ;  and  the  King  confirmed  it  before  all  the 
knights  Avho  were  there  present,  promising  to  give  him  great 
possessions.  And  when  they  came  to  the  army  great  Avas  the  joy 
because  of  the  Cid's  return,  and  great  Avere  the  rejoicino-s  Avhich 
AA'ere  made :  but  as  great  Avas  the  sorroAV  in  Zamora,  for  they  Avho 
were  in  the  toAvn  held  thatihe  siege  Avas  broken  up  by  his  depar- 
ture. NcA^ertheless  my  Cid  Avould  not  bear  arms  against  the  ^"at'"''" 
Infanta,  nor  against  the  toAvn  of  Zamora,  because  of  the  days  ^^2,f"* 
which  Avere  past.  cup^t?^''^' 

XXVII.  And  the  King  ordered  proclamation  to  be  made  iJowDona 
throughout  the  host  that  the  people  should  make  ready  to  at- ■thXa" 
tack  the  toAvn      And  they  fought  against  it  three  days  and  three  ^"«'''-"'* 

K 


(5(3  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  nights  so  bravely  that  all  the  ditches  were  filled  up,  and  the  bar- 

TI  " 

y,,^^  bicans  thrown  down,  and  they  Avho  were  within  fought  sword 
in  hand  Avith  those  Avithout,  and  the  waters  of  the  Douro,  as 
they  past  below  the  town,  Avere  all  discoloured  Avith  blood. 
And  Avlien  Count  Don  Garcia  de  Cabra  saAV  the  great  loss 
Avhich  they  Avere  suffering,  it  grieved  him  ;  and  he  Avent  unto  the 
King  and  told  him  that  many  men  Avere  slain,  and  advised  him 
to  call  off  the  host  that  they  should  no  longer  fight  against  the 
toAvn,  but  hold  it  besieged,  for  by  famine  it  might  soon  be  taken. 
Then  the  King  ordered  them  to  draAV  back,  and  he  sent  to 
each  camp  to  know  Iioav  many  men  had  died  in  the  attack, 
and  the  number  Avas  found  to  be  a  thousand  and  thirty.  And 
Avhen  the  King  knew  this  he  Avas  greatly  troubled  for  the  great 
loss  Avliich  he  had  receiA^ed,  and  he  ordered  the  toAvn  to  be  be- 
leagered  round  about,  and  in  tliis  manner  he  begirt  it,  that  none 
could  enter  into  it,  neither  go  out  therefrom;  and  there  AAas  a 
great  famine  Avithin  the  toAvn.  And  Avhen  Don  Arias  Gonzalo 
saAV  the  misery,  and  the  hunger,  and  the  mortality  Avhicli  Avere 
there,  he  said  to  the  Infanta  Dona  Urraca,  You  see.  Lady,  the 
great  Avretchedncss  Avhich  the  people  of  Zamora  have  suft'ercd, 
and  do  every  day  suffer  to  maintain  their  loyalty ;  noAV  then 
call  together  the  Comicil,  and  thank  them  truly  for  Avliat  they 
have  done  for  you,  and  bid  them  giA'e  up  the  toAvn  Avithin  nine 
days  to  the  King  your  brother.  And  Ave,  Lady,  Avill  go  to 
Toledo  to  your  brother  King  Don  Alfonso,  for  Ave  cannot  de- 
fend Zamora;  King  Don  Sancho  is  of  so  great  heart  and  so 
resolute,  that  he  Avill  never  break  up  the  siege,  and  I  do  not  hold 
it  good  that  you  should  abide  here  longer.  And  Dona  L^iTaca 
gave  orders  that  the  good  men  of  Zamora  should  meet  toge- 
ther in  Council;  and  she  said  unto  them,  Friends,  ye  Avell  see 
the  resoluteness  of  King  Don  Sancho  my  brother;  and  already 
have  ye  suffered  much  evil  and  much  Avretchedness  for  doing 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  QJ 

right  and  loyally,  losing  kinsmen  and  friends  in  my  service.  Ye  BOO  K 
have  done  enough,  and  I  do  not  hold  it  good  that  ye  should  .^^ 
perish;  I  command  ye  therefore  give  up  the  town  to  him 
within  nine  days,  and  I  will  go  to  Toledo  to  my  brother 
Kino-  Don  Alfonso.  The  men  of  Zamora  when  they  heard  this 
had  o-reat  sorrow,  because  they  had  endured  the  siege  so  long, 
and  must  now  oive  up  the  town   at  last ;  and  they  deteraimed  cap.  ss.  59. 

^  -*■  Chr.  Cren, 

all  to  go  with  the  Infanta,  and  not  remain  in  the  town.  ff-  214- 

XXVIII.     When  Vellido  Dolfos  *  heard  this,  he  went  to  Dona  How  niuo 

Doljojled 

Urraca  and  said,  T,ady,  I  came  here  to  Zamora  to  do  you  ser-""^^"": 
vice  Avith  thirty  knights,  all  well  accoutred,  as  you  know ;  and  I 
have  served  you  long  time,  and  never  have  I  had  fi'om  you  guerdon 
for  my  service,  though  I  have  demanded  it :  but  now  if  you  Avill 
grant  my  demand  I  Avill  relieve  Zamora,  and  make  King  Don 
Sancho  break  up  the  siege.  Then  said  Doiia  Urraca,  Vellido,  I 
shall  repeat  to  thee  the  saying  of  the  wise  man,  A  man  bargains 
well  Avith  the  slothful  and  with  him  Avho  is  in  need ;  and  thus  you 
would  deal  with  me.  I  do  not  bid  thee  commit  any  evil  thing,  if 
such  thou  hast  in  thy  thought ;  but  I  say  unto  you,  that  there 
is  not  a  man  in  the  Avorld  to  whom  if  he  should  relieve  Zamora, 
and  make  the  King  my  brother  raise  the  siege,  I  Avould  not 
grant  Avhatsoever  he  might  require.  And  when  Vellido  heard 
this  he  kissed  her  hand,  and  went  to  a  porter  Avho  kept  one  of 
the  gates  of  the  toAvn,  and  spake  with  him,  saying,  that  he 
should  open  the  gate  vmto  him  Avhen  he  saw  him  flymg  toward  it, 
and  he  gave  him  his  cloak.  Then  Avent  he  to  his  lodging  and 
armed  himself,  and  mounted  his  horse,  and  rode  to  the  house 
of  Don  Arias  Gonzalo,  and  cried   Avith  a  loud  voice,  We  all 


•  Dolfos  is  the  corrupted  patronymic  of  Ataulpho,  the  Adolphus  of  modern 
Germany. 


QQ  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  know  the  reason,  Don   Arias  Gonzalo,  why  you  Avill    not  let 


y..^-^^  Dona  Urraca  exchange  Zamora  a\  ith  her  brother ;  it  is  because  you 
deal  Avith  her  as  with  a  harlot,  like  an  old  traitor.  When  Arias 
<jonzalo  heard  this,  it  grieved  him  to  the  heart,  and  he  said.  In 
an  evil  day  was  I  born,  that  so  shameful  a  falsehood  as  this 
should  be  said  to  me  in  mine  old  age,  and  there  should  be  none 
to  revenge  me  I  llien  his  sons  arose  and  armed  themselves  has- 
tily, and  Avent  after  Vellido,  who  fled  before  them  toward  the 
gate  of  the  town.  The  porter  when  he  saw  him  coming  opened 
the  gate,  and  he  rode  out  and  gallopped  into  the  camp  of  the 
King  Don  Sanclio,  and  the  others  followed  him  till  they  were 
nigh  the  camp,  but  farther  they  did  not  venture.  And  Vellido 
went  to  the  Kino;  and  kissed  his  hand,  and  said  unto  him  these 
false  words  Avith  a  lying  tongue :  Sir,  because  I  said  to  the 
Council  of  Zamora  that  they  should  yield  the  toAvn  unto  you, 
the  sons  of  Arias  Gonzalo  would  have  slain  me,  even  as  you 
have  seen.  And  therefore  come  I  to  you.  Sir,  and  will  be  your 
vassal,  if  I  may  find  favour  at  your  hands.  And  I  Avill  shew 
you  hoAV  in  a  few  days  you  may  have  Zamora,  if  God  pleases  ; 
and  if  I  do  not  as  I  have  said,  then  let  me  be  slain.  And  the 
King  believed  all  that  he  said,  and  received  him  for  his  vassal,  and 
did  him  great  honour.  And  all  that  night  they  talked  together 
of  his  secrets,  and  he  made  the  King  believe  that  he  knew  a 

S  60.*^"''  postern  by  means  of  Avhich  he  Avould  put   Zamora   into   his 

Chr.  Gen.      i  i 

^.iij.       hands. 

Mnothe  XXIX.     On  the  morrow  in  the  morning,  one  of  the  knights 

ZTrat-ani.  who  Avcrc  lu  thc  toAvn  Avent  upon  the  Avail,  and  cried  out  Avith 

Imic/IL/"  a  loud  voice,  so  that  the  greater  part  of  the  host  heard  him, 

Jhich'a,"    King  Don  Sanclio,  give  ear  to  Avhat  I  say ;  I  am  a  knight  and 

hidalgo,  a  native  of  the  land  of  Santiago ;  and  they  from  Avhom 

I  spring  Avere  true  men   and   delighted  in  their  loyalty,   and 

I  also  Avill  Jive  and  die  in  my  truth.     Give  ear,  for  I  would  un- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^g 

deceive  you,  and  tell  you  the  truth,  if  you  Avill  believe  me.  I  B  O  O  K 
say  unto  you,  that  from  this  town  of  Zamora  there  is  gone  forth  v.,..^^ 
a  traitor  to. kill  you;  his  name  is  ^'ellido  Dolfos;  he  is  the  sou 
of  Adolfo,  who  slew  Don  Nuno  like  a  traitor,  and  the  grandson 
of  Laino,  another  traitor,  who  killed  his  gossip  and  threw  him  into 
the  river ;  and  this  is  as  great  a  traitor  as  the  rest  of  his  race  I 
look  to  yourself  therefore  and  take  heed  of  him.  I  say  this  to 
jou,  that  if  peradventure  evil  should  befall  you  by  this  traitor, 
it  may  not  be  said  in  Spain  that  you  were  not  warned  against 
■him.  Now  the  name  of  this  knioht  was  Bernal  Diariez  de 
Ocampo.  And  the  men  of  Zamora  sent  also  to  the  King  to  bid 
him  beware  of  ^^ellido,  and  the  King  took  their  warning  in  good 
part,  and  sent  to  say  unto  them,  that  when  he  had  the  town  he 
would  deal  bountifully  with  them,  for  this  which  they  had 
done;  nevertheless  he  gave  no  heed  to  the  warning.  iVnd  Vel- 
lido,  when  he  heard  this  went  to  the  King,  and  said,  Sir,  the  old 
Arias  Gonzalo  is  full  crafty,  and  hath  sent  to  say  this  unto  you, 
because  he  knows  that  by  my  means  you  would  have  won  the 
town.  And  he  called  for  his  horse,  feigning  that  he  would  depart 
because  of  what  had  been  said.  But  the  King  took  him  by  the 
hand  and  said,  Friend  and  vassal,  take  no  thought  for  this  ;  I 
say  unto  you,  that  if  I  may  have  Zamora,  I  will  make  you  chief 
therein,  even  as  Arias  Gonzalo  is  now.  Then  Vellido  kissed  his 
hand  and  said,  God  grant  3'ou  life,  Sir,  for  many  and  happy  /L"'"' 
years,  and  let  you  fulfil  what  you  desire.  But  the  traitor  had  cap'/eu"'' 
other  thoughts  in  his  heart.  ni. 

XXX.      After  this  Vellido  took  the   King  apart  and  said  ifowjchg 
to  him.  If  it  please  you.  Sir,  let  us  ride  out  together  alone  ;  Ave  """".Ct^ 
will  go  round   Zamora,  and  see  the  trenches  which  you  have 
ordered  to  be  made  ;  and   I   Avill   show   unto  you  the  postern 
which  is  called  the  Queen's,  by  which  ^ve  may  enter  the   town, 
for  it  is  never  closed.      M'hcn  it  is  night  you  shall  give  me  a 


JQ  CIlROxXlCLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  hundred  kniglits  wlao  are  hidalgos,  well  armed,  and  we  will  go 
ory^  on  foot,  and  the  Zaniorans  because  they  are  weak  with  famine 
and  misery,  will  let  us  con([uer  them,  and  we  will  enter  and 
open  the  gate,  and  keep  it  open  till  all  your  host  shall  have 
entered  in ;  and  thus  shall  we  win  the  town  of  Zamora.  The 
King  believed  what  he  said,  and  they  took  horse  and  went  riding 
round  the  town,  and  the  King  looked  at  the  trenches,  and 
that  traitor  showed  him  the  postern  whereof  he  had  spoken. 
And  after  they  had  ridden  round  the  town  the  King  had  need 
to  alight  upon  the  side  of  the  Douro  and  go  apart ;  now  he 
carried  in  his  hand  a  light  hvmting  spear  which  was  gilded  over, 
even  such  as  the  Kings  from  whom  he  ^vas  descended  Avere  wont 
to  bear ;  and  he  gave  this  to  Vellido  to  hold  it  Avhile  he  Avent 
aside,  to  cover  his  feet.  And  Vellido  Dolfos,  Avhen  he  saAv  him 
in  that  guise,  took  the  hunting  spear  and  thrust  it  betAveen 
his  shoulders,  so  that  it  Avent  through  him  and  came  out  at  his 
breast.  And  Avhen  he  had  stricken  him  he  turned  the  reins  and 
rode  as  fast  as  he  could  toAvard  the  postern  ;  this  Avas  not  the 
first  treason  Avhich  he  had  committed,  for  he  had  killed  the  Count 
Don  Nuno  treacherously.  Noav  it  chanced  that  the  Cid  saAV 
him  riding  thus,  and  asked  him  Avherefore  he  fled,  and  he  Avould 
not  answer;  and  then  the  Cid  understood  that  he  had  done  some 
treason,  and  his  heart  misgave  him  that  he  had  slain  the  King  ; 
and  he  called  in  haste  for  his  horse,  but  Avhile  they  Avere  bringing 
it,  Vellido  had  ridden  far  aAvay ;  and  the  Cid  being  eager  to  fol- 
loAv  him,  took  only  his  lance  and  did  not  Avait  to  have  his  spurs 
buckled  on.  And  he  foUoAved  him  to  the  postern  and  had  Avell 
nigh  overtaken  him,  but  Vellido  got  in  ;  and  then  the  Cid  said  in 
his  anger.  Cursed  bd  the  knight  Avho  ever  gets  on  horseback  Avith- 
out  his  spurs.  Now  in  all  the  feats  of  the  Cid  never  Avas  fiiult  found 
in  him  save  only  in  this,  that  he  did  not  enter  after  Vellido  into  the 
toAvn  ;  but  he  did  not  fail  to  do  this  for  coAvardice,  neither  for  fear 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  yj 

of  death,  or  of  imprisonment ;  but  because  he  thought  that,  per-  BOOK 
adventure  this   was   a  device  between  liim  and  the  King,  and    v.,rv^ 
that  he  fled  by  the  King's  command;  for  certes,  if  he  had  known 
that  the  King  was  slain,  tliere  was  nothing  which  would  have  ^ap'tt^"'' 
prevented  him  from  entering  the  town,  and  slaying  the  traitor /.  215/"' 
in  the  streets,  thereright.  ff.'se!"'' 

XX^I.     Now  the  history  saith,  that  when  Vellido  Dolfos  Hnwnmdo 

11  -I"!  ^  •  1        r-  1  Dolfos  fled 

had  got  within  the  postern,  he  was  in  such  fear  both  of  those  toD.ur,-aca 
who  were  in  the  town  and  of  those  who  were  without,  that  he  «""• 
went  and  placed  himself  under  the  mantle  of  the  Infanta  Dona 
Urraca.  And  when  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  knew  this,  he  went 
unto  the  Infanta  and  said,  Lady,  I  beseech  you  that  you  give 
up  this  traitor  to  the  Castillians,  otherwise  be  sure  that  it  will  be 
to  your  OAvn  harm ;  for  the  Castillians  will  impeach  all  who  are 
in  Zamora,  and  that  will  be  greater  dishonour  for  you  and  for 
us.  And  Doiia  Urraca  made  answer,  Counsel  me  then  so  that 
he  may  not  die  for  this  which  he  hath  done.  Don  Arias  Gon- 
zalo then  answered,  Give  him  unto  me,  and  I  will  keep  him  in 
custody  for  three  days,  and  if  the  Castillians  impeach  us  we  will 
deliver  him  into  their  hands ;  and  if  they  do  not  impeach  us 
within  that  time,  we  will  tlu-ust  him  out  of  the  town  so  that  he 
shall  not  be  seen  among  us.  And  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  took  him 
from  thence,  and  secured  him^with  double  fetters,  and  guarded  cap.et^"'' 

I'll  ^f"'-  Gen. 

hiin  well.  /.ai6. 

XXXII.     Meantime  the  Castillians  went  to  seek  their  Kino-,  omede^th 

O'  %        ,  JET. 

and  they  found  him  by  the  side  of  the  Douro,  Avhere  he  lay  sorely  '  ^  '"'' 
wounded,  even  unto  death ;  but  he  had  not  yet  lost  his  speech, 
and  the  hunting  spear  was  in  his  body,  through  and  through,  and 
they  did  not  dare  to  take  it  out  least  he  should  die  immediately. 
And  a  master  of  Burgos  came  up  who  was  well  skilled  in  these 
things,  and  he  sawed  olf  the  ends  of  the  spear,  that  he  might  not 
lose  his  speech,  and  said  that  he  should  be  confessed,  for  he  had 


^2  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  death  within  him.     Then   Count  Don    Garcia  de   Cabra,   the 
yJl:^  curley-haircd  one  of  Granon,  said  unto  him,  Sir,  think  of  your 
soul,  for  you  have  a  desperate  wound.      And  the  King  made 
answer,  Blessed  be  you.  Count,  who  thus  counsel  me,  for  I  per- 
ceive that  I  am  slain  ;  the  traitor  Vellido  has  killed  me,   and  I 
well  know  that  this  was  for  my  sins,  because  I  broke  the  oath 
which  I  made  vmto  the  King  my  father.     And  as  the  King  was 
sa3dng  this  the  Cid  came  up  and  knelt  before  him  and  said,  I, 
Sir,  remain  more  desolate  than  any  other  of  your  vassals,  for  for 
your  sake  have  I  made  3^our  brethren  mine  enemies,  and  all  in 
the  Avorld  who  were  against  you,  and  against  whom  it  pleased 
you  to  go.     The  King  your  father  commended  me  to  them  as 
well  as  to  you,  Avhen  he  divided  his  kingdoms,  and  I  have  lost 
their  love  for  your  sake,  having  done  them  great  evil.     And  now 
neither  can  I  go  before  King  Don  Alfonso,  your  brother,  nor 
remain  among  the  Christians  before  Dona  Urraca  3^our  sister, 
because  they  hokl  that  whatsoever  you  have  done  against  them 
was  by  my  counsel.     Now  then.  Sir,  remember  me  before  your 
depart,     llic  King  then  commanded  that  the}"  should  raise  him 
up  in  the  bed,  and  the  Counts  and  Ricos-omes  stood  round  about 
him,  and  the  Bishops  and  Archbishops  who  had  come  thither  to 
make  accord  between  him  and  his  sister  Dona  Urraca,  and  they 
heard  Avhat  the  Cid  said,  and  kn»w  that  he  said  truly;  for  Avhat- 
ever  good  speed  King  Don  Sancho  had  had  in  his  doings  was  all 
by  means  of  my  Cid.     And  the  King  said  unto  them,  I  beseech 
all  yc  who  are  here  present.  Counts  and  Ricos-omes,  and  all  my 
other  vassals,  that  if  my  brother  King  Don  Alfonso  shwdd  come 
from  the  land  of  the  j\Ioors,  ye  beseech  him  to  show  favour  unto 
you,  my  Cid,  and  that  he  always  be  bountiful  unto  you,  and 
receive  you  to  be  his  vassal ;  and  if  he  alway  doth  this  and 
listen  unto  you,  he  will  not  be  badly  advised.  Then  the  Cid  arose 
and  kissed  his  hand,  and  all  the  chief  persons  who  were  there 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^'^ 

present  did  the  like.     And  after  this  the  King  said  unto  them,  BOOK 
I  beseech  3'e  intreat  my  brother  King  Don  Alfonso  to  forgive   .^.-.^-i^ 
me  whatever  Avrong  I  have  done  him,  and  to  pray  to  God  to  a.d.io-2. 
have  mercy  upon  my  soul.    And  when  he  had  said  tliis  he  asked 
for  the  candle,  and  presently  his  soul  departed.    And  all  who  f^''^^^"'' 
were  there  present  made  great  lamentation  for  the  King.  tJ^'.^l^^' 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  THIRD  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


BOOK      I.     Now  when  the  King  was  dead,  the  townsmen  who  were 
^^„^^   in  the  camp  forsook  their  tents  and  fled,  and  much  did  they  lose 

Uou^  it  U'ns 
resolved  to 


ZamOTO* 


in  their  flight ;  but  the  noble  Castillians,  thinking  rather  ot"  what 
'^eopu'of"  they  were  bound  to  do  as  men  who  had  alway  preserved  their 
loyalty,  like  their  ancestors  before  them,  would  not  depart  from 
Zamora,  nor  break  up  the  siege  thereof,  but  remained  bravely 
Ijefore  it,  though  they  had  lost  their  Lord.  And  they  summoned 
all  the  Bishops,  and  took  the  body  of  the  King  and  sent  it  full 
honourably  to  the  IMonastery  of  Ona,  and  buried  him  there  as 
beseemed  a  King :  and  while  one  part  of  the  chief  men  of  the 
host  accompanied  the  body,  the  rest  remained  in  the  camp  be- 
foi'c  Zamora.  And  when  the  prelates  and  good  men  had  returned 
to  the  army,  they  took  counsel  together  how  they  should  proceed 
ao-ainst  the  men  of  Zamora  for  this  Q-reat  treason  which  had 
been  committed.  Then  Count  Don  Garcia  de  Cabra  arose  and 
said,  rriends,  ye  see  that  we  have  lost  our  Lord  the  King  Don 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J^ 

Sanclio  ;  the  traitor Vellido,  being  his  vassal,  slew  him,  and  they  BOOK 
of  Zamora  have  received  and  harboured  him  Avithin  their  Avails  ;   .^^^ 
and  therefore  as  Ave  think,  and  as  has  been  said  unto  us,  he  did 
this  treason  by  their  counsel.     Now  then  if  there  be  one  here 
Avho  Aviil  impeach  them  for  this  thing,  Ave  Avill  do  Avhatever  may 
be  needllii  that  he  may  come  off"  A\-ith  honour,  and  the  impeach- 
ment be  carried  through.     Then  Don  Diego  Ordonez  arose,  the 
son  of  Count  Don  Ordono,  a  man  of  royal  lineage  and  great 
hardihood ;  and  he  said  unto  them,  If  ye  AA'ill  all  assent  to  this 
which  ye  have  heard,  I  Avill  impeach  the  men  of  Zamora,  for 
the  death  of  the  King  cur  Lord:  and  they  all  assented,  pro-  cap.LL'. 
niising  to  fulfil  what  had  been  said.     Noav  my  Cid  did  not  make  /"sT.  ' 
this  impeachment  against  the  people  of  Zamora,  because  of  the /.  217. 
oath  Avhich  he  had  sworn.  Bom. 30.31. 

II.    Then  Don  Diego  Oi'doiiez  AAent  to  his  lodoing  and  armed  HowDmt 

■^  _  »      O  j)iego  Or- 

himself  well,  and  armed  his  horse  also,  and  mounted  and  rede  donez  made 

the  impeacn- 

tOAvard  Zamora,  And  aaIicu  he  drew  nisfh  unto  the  toAvn,  he  "'""■ 
covered  liimself  Avitli  his  shield  that  they  might  not  luul  him 
from  the  Avails,  and  began  to  cry  aloud,  asking  if  Don  Arias 
Gonzalo  Avere  there,  for  he  Avould  speak  Avith  him.  A  squire 
Avho  Avas  keeping  guard  upon  the  Avall  Avent  to  Don  Arias  and 
told  him  that  there  Avas  a  knight  Aveil  armed  calling  for  him, 
Avithout  the  Avails,  and  he  said  that  if  it  pleased  Don  Alias  he 
would  shoot  at  him  Avith  a  cross-boAv,  and  strike  him  or  kill  his 
horse :  but  Don  Arias  forbade  him,  saying  that  he  should  no 
ways  harm  him.  And  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  Avent  AAuth  his  sons 
upon  the  Avail  to  see  Avho  called  for  him,  and  he  spake  to  the 
knight,  saying,  Friend,  what  Avouldest  thou  ?  And  Don  Diego 
Ordonez  ansAvered,  The  Castillians  have  lost  their  Lord ;  the 
traitor  Vellido  sIcav  him,  being  his  A'assal,  and  ye  of  Zamora 
have  received  Vellido  and  harboured  him  within  your  Avails. 
Now  therefore  I  say  that  he  is  a  traitor  Avho  hath  a  traitor  Avith 


-rg  CHRONICLE    OF    THE   CID, 

BOOK  liim,  if  he  knowcth  and  consenteth  unto  the  treason.     And  fof 
vJv-N^    this  I  impeach  the  people  of  Zamora,  the  great  as  Avell  as  the 
little,   the  living  and  the   dead,  they  who  now   are  and    they 
who  are  yet  nnborn  ;    and  I  impeach  the  vraters  which  they 
drink  and  the  garments  which   they  put  on  ;  their  bread  and 
their  wine,  and  the  very  stones  in  their  wails.      If  there  be  any 
one  in  Zamora  to  gainsay  what  I  have  said,  I  will  do  battle 
with  him,  and  with  God's  pleasure  conquer  him,   so  that  the 
infamy  shall  remain  upon  you.     Don  Arias  Gonzalo  replied,  If 
I  were  what  thou  say  est  I  am,  it  had  been  better  for  me  never 
to  have  been  born  ;  but  in  what  thou  sayest  thou  liest.     In  that 
which  the  ereat  do  the  little  have  no  fault,  nor  the  dead  for  the 
deeds  of  the  living,  which  they  neither  see  nor  hear  :  but  setting 
aside  these  and  the  things  which  have  no  understanding,  as  to 
the  rest  I  say  that  thou  liest,  and  I  will  do  battle  with  thee  upon 
this  quarrel,  or  give  thee  one  in  my  stead.     But  know  that  3'ou 
have  been  ill  advised  in   making   this   impeachment,    for  the 
manner  is,  that  whosoever  impeacheth  a  Council  must  do  battle 
with  five,  one  after  another,  and  if  he  conquer  the  five  he  shall 
be  held  a  true  man,  but  if  either  of  the  five  conquer  him,  the 
council  is  held  acquitted  and  he  a  liar.  When  Don  Diego  heard 
this  it  troubled  him  ;  howbeit  he  dissem])lcd  this  right  well,   and 
said  unto  Don  Arias  GonziUo,  I  will  bring  twelve  Castillians, 
and  do  you  bring  twelve  men  of  Zamora,  and  they  shall  SAvear 
iq->on  the  Holy  Gospel  to  judge  justly  between  us,  and  if  they 
find  that  I  am  bound  to  do  battle  Avitli  five,  I  Avill  perform  it 
And  Don  Arias  made  answer  that  he  said  Avell,  and  it  should 
f'217.'     be  so.     And  truce  Avas  made  for  three  times  nine  days,  till  tliis 

Chr.JelCid. 

cap.  06.       should  have  been  determined  and  the  combat  tought. 
ofihemu,,.       III.     Then  Avhcn  the  truce  Avas  made,  Don  Arias  Gonzalo 
rte  clnCt    Avent  out  from  the  toAvn  into  the  host  of  the  Castillians,  and  his 
l"cjCmld.    sons  Avith  iiim,  and  many  of  the  knights  of  the  toAvn ;  and  all 


JlODRIGO    DIAZ    BE    BIVAR.  ^7 

the  Ricos-omes  and  kniohts  who  were  in  the  host  assembled  tosje-  BOOK 

...  III. 

ther  with  them,  and  considted  what  was  to  be  doiie  in  this  im-    v— .,^ 

peachment.     And  they  chose  out  tweve  alcaldes  on  the  one  part, 

and  twelve  on  the  other,  who  should  decide  in  what  manner 

he  was  bound  to  perform  combat  Avho  impeached  a  Council. 

And  the  four  and  twenty  alcaldes  accorded  concernins  what  was 

the  law  in  this  case ;  and  two  of  them  who  were  held  the  most 

learned  in  these  things  arose,  the  one  being  a  Caslillian  and  the 

other  of  Zamora,  and  said  that  they  had  found  the  law  as  it  was 

written  to  be  this :  That  whosoever  impeacheth  the  Council  of  a 

town  Avhich  was  a  bishop's  seat,  must  do  battle  with  five  in  the 

field,  one  after  another;  and  that  after  every  combat  there  should 

be  given  unto  him  fresh  anns  and  horse,  and  three  sops  of  bread, 

and  a  draught  either  of  wine  or  of  water,  a's  he  chose.     And  in  this 

sentence  Avhich  the  twain  pronounced,  the  other  twentj^  and  two  /.a'ls.*^ 

1      1  Chr.  delCid. 

accorded.  cap.  eg. 

IV.  On  the  morrow  before  the  hour  of  tierce,  the  four  and  twen-  How  Dm 
\y  alcaldes  marked  out  the  lists  upon  the  sand  beside  the  river,  at  hL'7msre. 
the  place  which  is  called  Santiago,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  lists  combat/or 
they  placed  a  bar,  and  ordamed  that  he  who  won  the  battle 
should  lay  hand  on  the  bar,  and  say  that  lie  had  conquered : 
and  then  they  appointed  a  term  of  nine  days  for  the  combatants 
to  come  to  those  lists  which  had  been  assigned.  And  when  all  was 
appointed  as  ye  have  heard,  Don  Arias  returned  to  Zamora,  and 
told  the  Infanta  Doiia  Urraca  all  that  had  been  done,  and  she  or- 
dered a  mcetino;  to  be  called,  at  Avhicli  all  the  men  of  the  town  as- 
sembled.  And  when  they  were  gathered  together,  Don  Arias  Gon- 
zalo  said  unto  them,  Friends,  I  beseech  ye,  if  there  be  any  here 
among  3'e  Avho  took  counsel  for  the  death  of  King  Don  Sancho,  or 
Avere  privy  thereunto,  that  ye  now  tell  me,  and  deny  it  not; 
for  rather  would  I  go  with  my  sons  to  the  land  of  the  Moors,  than 
be  overcome  in  the  field,  and  held  for  a  traitor.     Then  they  all 


jQ  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  replied,  that  there  was  none  there  who  knew  of  the  treason,  nor 
^J^J~i^  had  consented  unto  it.  At  this  Avas  Don  x\rias  Gonzalo  well  pleas- 
ed, and  he  bade  them  go  each  to  his  house ;  and  he  went  to  his  house 
also  with  his  sons,  and  chose  out  four  of  them  to  do  combat, 
and  said  that  he  would  be  the  fifth  himself;  and  he  gave  them 
directions  how  to  demean  themselves  in  the  lists,  and  said,  that 
he  Avould  enter  first ;  and  if,  said  he,  what  the  Castillian  saith 
be  true,  I  would  die  first,  not  to  see  the  infamy  ;  but  if  what  he 
tap'io.  ' '  saith  be  false,  I  shall  conquer  him,  and  ye  shall  ever  be  held  in 

Chr.  Gen. 

J- 218.       honour. 

How  Don         V.     Wlien  the  day  appointed  was  come,  Don  Arias  Gonzalo 

jirias  u'ua  . 

persuaded     earlv  In  the  mornino;  armed  his  sons,  and  they  armed  him ;  and 

that  his  snn  ''  ~  '  ^ 

Pedrarms     [^  ^ygg  ^q]j  jjjj^^  i\^^i  Dou  Dieo;o  Ordoucz  was  already  in  the  lists. 

ihovld  do  o  ./ 

tZd '" '"'  Then  he  and  his  sons  mounted  their  horses,  and  as  they  rode 
through  the  gates  of  their  house,  Doiia  LJrracti,  with  a  com- 
pany of  dames  met  them,  and  said  to  Don  Arias,  Aveeping,  Re- 
member now  how  my  father,  King  Don  Ferrando,  left  me  to 
your  care,  and  you  swore  between  his  hands  that  you  would 
never  forsake  me ;  and  lo !  now  you  are  forsaking  me.  I  be- 
seech you  remain  with  me,  and  go  not  to  this  battle ;  for  there  is 
reason  enough  why  you  should  be  excused,  and  not  break  the 
oath  which  you  made  unto  my  father.  And  she  took  hold  on 
liim,  and  would  not  let  him  go,  and  made  him  be  disarmed. 
Then  came  many  knights  around  him,  to  demand  arms  of  him, 
and  rc(piest  that  they  might  do  battle  in  his  stead ;  nevertlieless 
he  would  give  them  to  none.  And  he  called  for  his  son  Pedro 
Arias,  who  was  a  right  brave  knight,  though  but  of  green  years, 
and  who  had  greatly  intreated  his  father  before  this,  that  he 
would  suffer  him  to  fight  in  his  stead.  And  Don  Arias  armed 
jjim  com])leatly  with  his  own  hands,  and  instructed  him  how  to 
demean  himself,  and  gave  him  his  blessing  with  his  right  hand, 
and  said  unto  him,  that  in  such  a  point  he  went  to  save  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jg 

people  of  Zamora,  as  when  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  came  through  BOOK 
the  Virgin  Mar}^,  to  save  the  people  of  this  Avorld,  who   were   v>-v-^ 
lost  b}'  our  father  Adam.     Then  went  they  into  the  field,  where 
Don  Dieoo  Ordonez  was  awaiting  them,  and  Pedrarias  entered 
tlie  lists,  and  the  judges  placed  them  each  in   his  place,  and 
divided  the  sun  between  them,  and  went  out,  leaving  them  in  f^'^g^"' 

.1        T    .  Chr.delCid. 

the  lists,  cap.  71. 

VI.     Then   thev  turned  their  horses  one  against  the  other,  ofihefim 

"  .  -y^.  combat. 

and  ran  at  each  other  full  bravely,  like  good  knights.  Five 
times  they  encountered,  and  at  the  sixth  encounter  their  spears 
brake,  and  they  laid  hand  upon  their  swords,  and  dealt  each 
other  such  heavy  blows  that  the  helmets  failed  ;  and  in  this  man- 
ner the  combat  Ijetwecn  them  continued  till  noon.  And  Avhen 
Don  Diego  Ordonez  saw  that  it  lasted  so  long,  and  he  could 
not  3'et  concpier  him,  he  called  to  mind  that  he  was  there  fight- 
ing to  revenge  his  Lord,  who  had  been  slain  by  a  foul  treason, 
and  he  collected  together  all  his  strength.  And  he  lifted  up  his 
sword  and  smote  Pedrarias  upon  the  helmet,  so  that  he  cut 
through  it,  and  through  the  hood  of  the  mail  also,  and  made  a 
wound  in  the  head.  And  Pedrarias  with  the  agony  of  death* 
and  with  the  blood  which  ran  over  his  eyes,  bowed  down  to  the 
neck  of  the  horse;  yet  Avith  all  this  he  neither  lost  his  stiiTups, 
nor  let  go  his  sword.  And  Don  Diego  Ordonez  seeing  him  thus, 
thought  that  he  was  dead,  and  Avould  not  strike  him  again ;  and 
he  called  aloud,  saying,  Don  Aria-s,  send  me  another  son,  for  this 
one  will  never  fulfil  your  bidding.  When  Pedrarias  heard  this, 
grievously  wounded  as  he  was,  he  wiped  the  blood  away  with  the 
sleeve  of  his  mail,  and  went  fiercely  against  him :  and  he  took  the 
sword  in  both  hands,  and  thought  to  give  it  him  upon  his  head ; 
but  the  blow  missed,  and  fell  upon  the  horse,  and  cut  oft" great  part 
of  his  nostrils,  and  the  reins  with  it ;  and  the  horse  immediately 
ran  away  because  of  the  great  wound  which  he  had  received. 


go  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CII>, 

BOOK  And  Don  Dic^o  had  no  reins  whercAvith  to  stop  liim,  and  per- 

IT r  .  .  "^ 

^,-v>-(    ceiving  that  he  should  else  be  carried  out  of  the  lists,  he  threw 

himself  off.     And  while  he  did  this,  Pedrarias  fell  down  dead, 

just  without  the  mark.     And  Don  Diego  Ordoiiez  laid  hand  on 

the   bar,  and  said,  Praised  be  the  name  of  God,  one  is  con-. 

quered.     And  incontinently  the  judges  came  and  took  him  by 

the  hand,  and  led  him  to  a  tent  and  disarmed  him,  and  gave 

him  three  sops  %  and  he  drank  of  the  wine  and  rested  awhile. 

#■  -^is-       And  afterwards  they  oave  him  other  arms,  and  a  horse  that  was 

Chr.delCid.  .  •'    °  ... 

"p-  72.      a  right  good  one,  and  went  with  him  to  the  lists. 

Of  the  se-        yji.     Then  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  called  for  another  son,  whose- 

tend  combat, 

name  was  Diego  Arias,  ■  and  said  unto  him.  To  horse !  and  go 
fight  to  deliver  this  Council  and  to  revenge  the  death  of  your 
brother :  and  he  answered,  For  this  am  I  come  hither.  Then  his 
father  gave  him  his  blessing  and  Avent  with  him  to  the  lists. 
And  the  judges  took  the  reins  of  the  two  champions  and  led 
them  each  to  his  place,  and  Avent  out  and  left  them  in  the  lists. 
And  they  ran  against  each  other  Avith  such  force  that  both  shields 
failed,  and  in  another  career  they  brake  their  lances.  Then 
laid  they  hand  on  their  good  sAvords,  and  delivered  such  bloAvs 
that  their  helmets  Avere  cut  aAvay,  and  the  sleeves  of  the  mail. 
And  at  length  Diego  Arias  received  such  a  blow  near  the  heart 
that  he  fell  dead.  And  Don  Diego  Ordonez  Avent  to  the  bar 
and  laid  hold  on  it,  and  cried  out  to  Don  Arias  Gonzalo,  Send  me 


'  So  in  one  of  the  Scotch  Metrical  Romances — l 


Thre  soppes  de  mayn 
Tliei  brought  to  Schir  Gawayn, 
For  to  confort  liis  brayn. 
The  King  gared  commaundc. 

Sir  Gatean  and  Sir  Galaron.  2.  xi. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


81 


another  son,  fori  have  conquered  two,  thanks  be  to  God.  Then  BOOK 
the  judges  came  and  said  that  the  dead  knight  was  not  jct  out   s,^,^ 
of  the  lists,  and   that  he  must  alight  and  cast  him  out.     And 
Don  Diego  Ordonez  did  as  they  had  directed  him,  and  alight- 
ed  from  his  horse  and  took   the  dead  man  bj  the  leg,   and 
dragged  liim  to  the  line,  and  then  letting  the  leg  fall  he  thrust 
him  out  of  the  lists  with  his  feet.      And  then  he  Avent  and  laid 
hand  upon  the  bar  again,  saying  that  he  had  liefer  fight  with  a 
livino;  man  than  drao-  a  dead  one  out  of  the  field.     And  then 
the  judges  came  to  him,  and  led  him  to  the  tent,  and  disarmed 
him,  and  gave  him  the  three  sops  and  the  Avine,  as  they  had 
done  before,  and  sent  to  say  to  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  that  this  j?:  219. 
son  also  was  slain,  and  that  he  should  send  another.  cup'.  73.^ 

VIII.  Then  Don  Arias  Gonzalo,  in  gi-eat  rage  and  in  great  c/the  third 
trouble  called  for  his  son  Rodrigo  Arias,  who  was  a  good  knight,  i>owit\cmi 
right  hardy  and  valiant,  the  elder  of  all  the  brethren ;  he  had  ""'frf- 
been  in  many  a  tournament,  and  Avith  good  fortune.  And  Don 
Arias  said  unto  him.  Son,  go  noAv  and  do  battle  Avith  Diego 
Ordonez,  to  saA'e  Dona  Urraca  your  Lady,  and  yourself,  and 
the  Council  of  Zamora ;  and  if  you  do  this,  in  happy  hour  Avere 
you  born.  Then  Rodrigo  Arias  kissed  his  hand  and  ansAvered, 
Father,  I  thank  you  much  for  Avhat  you  have  said,  and  be  sure 
that  I  Avill  save  them,  or  take  my  death.  And  he  took  his  amis 
and  mounted,  and  his  father  gave  him  his  blessing,  and  Avent 
Avith  him  to  the  lists ;  and  the  judges  took  his  reins  and  led  him 
in.  And  when  the  judges  Avere  gone  out,  they  tAvain  ran  at 
each  other,  and  Don  Diego  missed  his  bloAv,  but  Rodrio-o  Arias 
did  not  miss,  for  he  gave  him  so  great  a  stroke  Avith  the  lance 
that  it  pierced  through  the  shield,  and  broke  the  saddle-boAv 
behind,  and  made  him  lose  his  stirrups,  and  he  embraced  the 
neck  of  his  horse.  But  albeit  that  Don  Diego  was  sorely  bested 
with  that  stroke,  he  took  heart  presently,  and  Avent  bravely 

M 


gg  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CI0, 

BOOK  against  him,  and  dealt  him  so  ereat  a  blow  that  lie  broke  the 
w^y.;^  lance  in  him  ;  for  it  went  through  the  shield  and  all  his  other 
arms,  and  great  part  of  the  lance  remained  in  his  Hesh.  After 
this  they  laid  hand  to  sword,  and  gave  each  to  the  other  great 
blows,  and  great  Avounds  with  them.  And  Rodrigo  Arias  gave 
so  great  a  wound  to  Diego  Ordonez,  that  he  cut  his  left  ann 
throuffh  to  the  bone.  And  Don  Dieoo  Ordonez,  when  he  felt 
himself  so  sorely  wounded,  went  against  Rodrigo  Arias  and  deli- 
vered him  a  blow  upon  the  head  which  cut  through  the  helmet 
and  the  hood  of  the  mail,  and  entered  into  his  head.  When  Ro- 
drigo Arias  felt  himself  wounded  to  death,  he  let  go  the  reins 
and  took  his  sword  in  both  hands,  and  gave  so  great  a  blow  to 
the  horse  of  Don  Diego  that  he  cut  his  head  open.  And  the 
horse  in  his  agony  ran  out  of  the  lists,  and  cai'ried  Don  Diego 
out  also,  and  there  died.  And  Rodrigo  Arias  fell  dead  as  he 
was  following  him.  Then  Don  Diego  Ordonez  would  have 
returned  into  the  field  to  do  battle  with  the  other  two,  but  the 
judges  would  not  pennit  this  *,  neither  did  they  think  good  to 
decide   Avhet her  they  of  Zamora  were  overcome  in  this  third 


'  Tl>€  Emperor  Palmerin  de  Oliva,  lest  any  good  knight  should  some  day 
lose  the  guerdon  of  his  valour,  (as  Don  Diego  Ordonez  in  this  instance)  encircled 
the  lists  at  Constantinople  with  a  palisade,  sufficiently  high  ;  a  precaution  of 
which  Palmerin  of  England  found  tlie  benefit  when  lie  and  his  brother  and  Dra- 
muziando  fought  with  the  three  giants.  The  reins  of  his  horse  were  cut,  and  if 
it  had  not  been  for  the  palisade  he  would  have  been  carried  out  of  the  hsts. 

Palmeirim  de  Inglaterra,  P.  2.  C.  94. 

The  costume  of  the  Spanish  romances  is  very  ill  preserved  in  the  various 
translations.  Every  translator  seems  to  have  thought  himself  privileged  to 
make  what  omissions  and  additions  he  pleased  in  the  manner  of  narration. 
No  trace  of  the  pa.ssage  to  which  I  have  just  referred  is  to  be  found  in  the  Eng- 
lish Palmerin. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR, 


63 


duel  or  not.     And  in  tliis  manner  the  thing  -was  left  undecided.  BOOK 
Nevertheless,  though  no  sentence  Avas  given,  there  remained  no  s-iis^ 
infamy  upon  tl)e  people  of  Zamora.     But  better  had  it  been 
for  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  if  he  had  given  up  VelHdo  to  the  Cas- 
tillians,   that  he  might  have  died  the  death  of  a  traitor ;    he 
^YOu\d  not  then  have  lost  these  three  sons,  Avho  died  like  good 
men,  in  their  duty.     Now  what  was   the  end  of  Vellido  the 
history  sayeth  not,  through  the  default  of  the  Chroniclers  ^  ;  but 
it  is   to  be  believed,   that  because  the  impeachment  was  not 
made  within  three  days,  Don  Arias  Gonzalo  thrust  him  out  of 
the  town  as  DoHa  Urraca  had  requested,  and  that  he  fled  into 
other  lands,  peradventure  among  the  Moors.     And  thouo-h  it 
may  be  that  he  escaped  punishment  in  this  world,  yet  certes  he  ^lio'"' 
could  not  escape  it  in  hell,  where  he  is  tomiented  Avith  Dathan  T^r""'' 
and  Abiram,  and  with  Judas  the  Traitor,  for  ever  and  ever. 


Chr.delCid. 
cap.  74. 


'  All  the  Chronicles,  Histories,  and  Ballads,  are  silent  as  to  the  fate  of 
Vellido  Dolfos.  Au  account  however,  which  is  manifestly  fabulous,  is  to  be 
found  in  the  interpolations  made  by  an  anonymous  writer  in  tlie  Sumario  de  los 
Re^es  de  Espaiia  por  j/  Despeiisero  *  Mayor  de  la  Rei/ua  Dona  Leonor. 

This  fable  states  that  Vellido  exacted  from  Dona  Urraca  a  promise  to  lie 
with  him ;— accordinglj',  after  he  had  committed  the  treason,  she  had  him 
bound  hand  and  foot,  put  into  a  sack,  tied  in  it,  and  laid  in  her  bed,  where 
she  herself  lay  down  in  her  clothes  and  past  the  night  beside  him.  As  soon  as 
it  was  day-break  he  was  by  her  orders  fastened  to  four  wild  horses,  and  so  torn 
in  pieces. 

This  anonymous  iutcipolator  wished  to  make  the  Sumario  of  the  Despensero 
yass  for  his  own,  and  altered  it  for  that  purpose.  Many  of  his  additions  are  as 
Jabulous  as  the  one  which  is  here  related  ;  and  they  have  been  singularly  mis- 
chievous, having  misled  such  truly  able  men  and  excellent  historians  as  Zurita, 
Mariana,  Garibay,  and  Gil  Gonzalez  Davila. 

'His  name  is  said  by  the  Marques  de  Mondejar  to  have  been5uan  Rodriguez  de  Cuenca. 


^4  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  IX.  In  the  meantime  the  Infanta  Dona  Unaca  wrote  let- 
v.^vx^  tcrs  secretly  and  sent  messengers  Avith  them  to  Toledo  to 
jyZ^ifomo  King  Don  Alfonso,  telling  him  that  King  Don  Sancho  his  bro- 
inTrokdo.  ther  was  dead,  and  had  left  no  heir,  and  that  he  should  come 
as  speedily  as  he  could  to  receive  the  kingdoms.  And  she  bade 
her  messengers  deliver  these  privately  that  the  Moors  might  not 
discover  what  had  taken  place,  lest  they  should  seize  upon  King 
Don  Alfonso,  whom  she  dearly  loved.  jVIoreover  the  Castilliiins 
•  assembled  together  and  fountl  that  as  King  Don  Sancho  had 
left  no  son  to  succeed  him  they  were  bound  by  right  to  re- 
ceive King  Don  Alfonso  as  their  Lord ;  and  they  also  sent 
unto  him  in  secret.  Howbeit,  certain  of  those  spies  Avho  dis- 
cover to  the  Moors  whatever  the  Christians  design  to  do,  when 
they  knew  the  death  of  King  Don  Sancho,  went  presently 
to  acquaint  the  Moors  therewith.  Now  Don  Peransures,  as 
he  was  a  man  of  great  understanding  and  undei'stood  the  Ara- 
bick  tongue,  when  he  knew  the  death  of  King  Don  Sancho, 
and  while  he  was  devising  how  to  get  his  Lord  away  from 
Toledo,  rode  out  every  day,  as  if  to  solace  himself,  on  the  way 
towards  Castille,  to  see  whom  he  might  meet,  and  to  learn  tid- 
ings. And  it  fell  out  one  day  that  lie  met  a  man  who  told  him 
he  was  going  with  news  to  King  Alimaymon^  that  King  Don 
vSancho  was  dead ;  and  ]3on  Peransures  took  him  aside  from 
the  road  as  if  to  speak  to  him,  and  cut  off  his  head.  And  Pe- 
ransures returned  into  the  road  and  met  another  man  coming 
with  the  same  tidings  to  the  King,  and  he  slew  him  in  like  man- 
ner.  Nevertheless  the  tidings  reached  King  Alima3'mon.  Now 
Peransures  and  his  brethren  feared  that  if  the  Moor  knew  this 
he  would  not  let  their  Lord  depart,  but  Avould  seize  him  and 
make  hard  terms  for  his  deliverance ;  and  on  the  other  hand, 
they  thought  that  if  he  should  learn  it  from  any  other  than 
thejuselves,  it  Avould  be  yet  worse.     And  Avhile  they  Avere  in 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  35 

doubt  what  thev  should  do,  Kino;  Don  Alfonso,  trustins; in  God's  BOOK 

^  •  •  III 

mercy,  said  unto  them,  AVhen  I  came  hither  unto  tliis  Moor,  he  ^.^^v^J 

received  me  with  great  honour,  and  gave  to  me  abundantly 
all  things  of  which  I  stood  in  need,  even  as  if  I  had  been  his 
son ;  hoAv  then  should  I  conceal  from  him  this  favour  M'hich 
it  hath  pleased  God  to  show  me?  I  will  go  and  tell  it  unto 
him.  But  Don  Peransures  besought  him  not  to  tell  him  of  his 
brother's  death.  And  he  went  to  King  Alimaymon  and  said 
unto  liim,  that  he  would  fain  go  into  his  own  country,  if  it 
pleased  him,  to  help  his  vassals,  who  stood  greatly  in  need  of 
him.  and  he  besought  him  that  he  Avould  give  him  men.  The 
death  of  King  Don  Sancho  he  did  not  make  known.  xVnd  King 
Ahmaymon  answered  that  he  should  not  do  this,  because  he 
feared  that  King  Don  Sancho  his  brother  would  take  him.  And 
King  Don  Alfonso  said,  that  he  knew  the  ways  and  customs 
of  his  brother,  and  did  not  fear  him,  if  it  pleased  the  King  to 
give  him  some  Moors  to  help  him.  Now  Alimaymon  had 
heard  of  the  death  of  King  Don  Sancho,  and  he  had  sent  to 
occupy  the  roads  and  the  passes,  that  King  Don  Alfonso  might 
be  stopt  if  he  should  attempt  to  depart  without  his  know- 
ledge. Howbeit  he  did  not  fully  believe  the  tidings,  seeing  that 
King  Don  Alfonso  did  not  speak  of  it ;  and  he  rejoiced  in  his 
heart  at  what  the  King  said,  and  he  said  unto  him,  I  thank 
God,  Alfonso,  that  thou  hast  told  me  of  thy  Avish  to  go  into 
thine  own  country ;  for  in  this  thou  hast  dealt  loyally  by  me, 
and  saved  me  from  that  which  might  else  have  happened,  to 
which  the  Moors  have  alway  importuned  me.  And  hadst  thou 
departed  privily  thou  couldest  not  have  escaped  being  slain  or 
taken.  Now  then  go  and  take  thy  kingdom ;  and  I  will  give 
thee  whatever  thou  hast  need  of  to  give  to  thine  own  people 
and  win  their  hearts  that  they  may  serve  thee.  And  he  then 
besought  him  to  v-^n<^w  *^he  oath  which  he  had  taken,  never  to 


QQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  come  against  him  nor  his  sons,  but  alway  to  befriend  them ;  and 

,J}^   this  same  oath  did  the  King  of  Toledo  make  unto  him.    Now 

AUmaymon  had  a  grandson  whom  he  dearly  loved,  who  was  not 

named  in  the  oath,  and   King  Don  Alfonso  therefore  was  not 

bound    to  keep    it    towards     him.      And    King    Don   Alfonso 

made  ready  for  his  departure,  and  Alimaymon  and  the  chief 

persons  of  the  court  went  out  from  the  city  with  him  and  rode 

^ap.^^"^'  "^^'ith  him  as  far  as  the  Sierra  del  Dragon,  which  is  now  called  Val- 

ff.iv.Ti6.  tome;  and  he  gave  him  great  gifts,  and  there  they  took  leave 

i.6.c.2o.    of  each  other  with  great  love  *. 

Howthecid  X.  As  soon  as  King  Don  Alfonso  arrived  at  Zamora,  he  pitched 
kiss  the  his  tents  in  the  field  of  Santiago,  and  took  counsel  with  his 
sister.  And  the  Infanta  Dona  Urraca,  who  was  a  right  pmdent 
lady  and  a  wise,  sent  letters  throughout  the  land,  that  a  Cortes 
should  assemble  and  receive  him  for  their  Lord.  And  when  the 
Leonese  and  the  Gallegos  kncAV  that  their  Lord  King  Don  Al- 
fonso was  come,  they  Averc  full  joyful,  and  they  came  to  Zamora 
and  received  him  for  their  liOrd  and  King.  And  afterwards  the 
Castillians  arrived,  and  they  of  Navarre*,  and  they  also  received 


*  The  Chronicle  of  the  Cid  relates  this  differently  :  that  Alimaymon,  after 
giving  him  leave  to  depart,  detained  him  day  after  day  upon  various  pretexts, 
and  that  at  last  Alfonso  and  his  followers  let  themselves  down  from  the  castle 
bv  ropes,  and  escaped  in  the  night.  In  the  morning  Alimaymon  asked  his  favour- 
ites if  they  knew  why  Alfonso  was  in  such  haste  to  depart,  and  they  said  they 
thought  his  brother  was  dead  ;  upon  which  he  sent  to  seize  him,  meaning  to  de- 
tain him  prisoner. 

I  have  prefencd  the  Archbishop  Rodrigo's  account,  because,  if  the  previous 
narrative  be  authentic,  Alfonso  knew  that  the  roads  were  guarded  to  prevent  his 
flight,  and  because,  by  the  after  transactions  between  him  and  Alimaymon,  it  is 
evident  that  they  parted  in  friendship. 

♦  The  people  of  Rioja  are  meant. 


\ 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  QJ 

him  for  their  Lord  and  King,  but  upon  this  condition,  that  he  BOOK 
should  swear  that  he  had  not  taken  counsel  for  the  death  of  his  .,^  ',. 
brother  King  Don  Sancho.  Howbeit  they  did  not  come  forward 
to  receive  the  oath,  and  they  kissed  his  hands  in  homage,  all, 
saA'e  only  Ruydiez,  my  Cid.  And  when  King  Don  Alfonso  saw 
that  the  Cid  did  not  do  homage  and  kiss  his  hand,  as  all  the 
other  chief  persons  and  prelates  and  Councils  had  done,  he  said, 
Since  now  ye  have  all  received  me  for  your  Lord,  and  given  me 
authority  over  ye,  I  would  know  of  the  Cid  Ruydiez  why  he 
will  not  kiss  my  hand  and  acknowledge  me ;  for  I  would  do 
something  for  him,  as  I  promised  unto  my  father  King  Don 
Ferrando,  when  he  commended  him  to  me  and  to  my  brethren. 
And  the  Cid  arose  and  said,  Sir,  all  whom  you  see  here  present, 
suspect  that  by  your  counsel  the  King  Don  Sancho  your  brother 
came  to  his  death;  and  therefore,  I  say  unto  you  that,  unless 
you  clear  yourself  of  this,  as  by  right  you  should  do,  I  Avill 
never  kiss  your  hand,  nor  receive  you  for  my  Lord.  Then  said 
the  King,  Cid,  what  you  sa}'  pleases  me  well ;  and  here  I 
SAvear  to  God  and  to  St.  Mary,  that  I  never  slew  him,  nor  took 
counsel  for  his  death,  neither  did  it  please  me,  though  he  had 
taken  my  kingdom  fi-om  me.  And  I  beseech  ye  therefore  all,  as 
triends  and  true  vassals,  that  ye  tell  me  how  I  may  clear  myself. 
And  the  chiefs  who  were  present  said,  that  he  and  twelve  of  the 
knights  who  came  with  him  from  Toledo,  should  make  this  oath 
in  the  church  at  St.  Gadea*  at  Buroos,  and  that  so  he  should  be  cap.  75.70. 

®       '  CUr.  Gen. 

cleared.  /-^so. 


•  There  were  in  these  times,  says  Gaiibay,  and  for  many  ages  after,  particular 
churches  in  the  chief  places  of  these  kingdoms,  where  the  sacraments  of  the  oath 
were  wont  to  be  taken,  for  the  greater  awe  and  tenor,  when  any  one  had  to  purge 
himself  by  oath  from  some  great  and  atrocious  crime  whereof  he  was  accused. 
Such  a  church,  under  the  advocation  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  there  is,  he  adds,  ia 


38  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK       XI.     So  the  King  and  all  his  company  took  horse  and  went 

^^^^-^^  to    Burgos.     And    when  the  day  appointed   for  the  oath  Avas 

whichtht  come,  the  King  Avent  to  hear  mass  in  the  church  of  Gadea,  and 

ti'tfm^'Zk.  liis  sisters  the  Infantas  Dona  Urraca  and  Dona  Elvira  Avith  him, 

and  all  his  knights.     And  the  King  came  forward   upon  a  high 

stage  that  all  the  people  might  see  him,  and  my  Cid  came  to 

him  to  receive  the    oath  ;  and  my  Cid  took  the  book  of  the 

Gospels  and  opened  it,  and  laid  it  upon  the  altar,  and  the  King 

laid  his  hands  upon  it,  and  the  Cid   said  unto  him.  King  Don 

Alfonso,  you  come  here  to  swear  concerning  the  death  of  King 

Don  Sancho  your  brother,  that  you  neither  slew  him  nor  took 

counsel  for  his  death  ;  say  now  you  and  these  hidalgos,  if  ye  swear 

this.  And  the  King  and  the  hidalgos  answered  and  said.  Yea,  we 

swear  it.     And  the  Cid  said.  If  ye  knew  of  this  thing,  or  gave 

command   that  it  should  be  done,  may  you  die  even   such  a 

death  as  your  brother  the  King  Don  Sancho,  by  the  hand  of  a 

villain  Avhoni  you  trust ;  one  Avho  is  not  a  hidalgo,  fi'om  another 

land,  not  a  Castillian  ;  and  the  King  and  the  knights  who  Avere 

Avith  him  said  Amen.  And  the  King's  colour  changed ;  and  the  Cid 

repeated  the  oath  unto  him  a  second  time,  and  the  King  and 

the  tAvelve  kniohts  said  Amen  to  it  in  like  manner,  and  in  like 

manner  the  countenance  of  the  King  Avas  changed  again.  And  my 

chr.  Gen.    ^^^  rcpcatcd  the  oath  unto  him  a  third  time,  and  the  King  and  the 

chr^deicid.  knights  said  Amen ;  but  the  AVTath  of  the  King  Avas  exceeding 

cap.  77.78.  gj-eat,  and  he  said  to  the  Cid,  Ruydiez,  Avhy  dost  thou  thus  press 


this  town  of  Mondragon,  where  in  times  past  people  used  to  come  from  the  whole 
district  for  such  purposes.  Some,  he  adds,  are  even  remembered  in  the  present 
age.     L.  ll.C.  13. 

These  expurgatory  oaths  were  forbidden  by  the  Leyesde  Toro,     Berganza  b. 
U.  191. 


RODRIGO  DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gg 

me  man?  To-day  thou  swcarest  me,  and  to-morrow  tliouwilt  kiss  BOOK 
my  hand.  And  from  that  day  forward  there  was  no  love  to-  .^*-,-,,^ 
wards  my  Cid  '  in  the  lieart  of  the  King. 

XII.     After  this   was   Kins;  Don  Alfonso  crowned  Kino;  of  How  Dm 
Castille,  and  Leon,  and  Galicia,  and  Portugal ;  and  lie  called  crowntd 
himself  King  and  Emperor  of  all  Spain,  even  as  his  father  had 
done  before  him.     And  in  the  beoinnins;  of  his  rcion  he  did  in  all 


'  The  Ckl  when  he  repeated  ihe  oath  seems  only  to  have  enforced  the  law  of 
Castille.  A  case  of  debt  might  be  decided  by  the  oath  of  the  defendant,  as  in  our 
Court  of  Chancery,  and  he  was  bound  to  repeat  the  oath  three  times:  Devele 
responder  fasta  la  terceia  vegada  sin  refierta;  e  sW  rejierta  la  jura,  es  vencido. 

Fuero  Viejo.  Lib.  3.  Tit.  2.  §  7.  §  9. 

The  threat  of  Urraca,  that  she  would  have  her  brother  Sancho  slain,  either 
secretly  or  openly,  and  the  escape  of  Vellido,  give  some  colour  to  the  suspicion, 
which  all  the  Castilliaus,  and  especially  the  Cid,  entertained.  They  accused 
Urraca  in  the  King's  epitaph : 

Sanctiusforma  Paris,  etferox  Hector  in  armis, 

Clauditur  hue  tnmbu,  jamfactuspulvis  Sf  umbra ; 

Femina  mente  dira,  soror,  hitnc  vita  evpoliavit, 

Jure  quidem  dempto  nonflevit ,fratre  perempto. 
Rev  iste  occisus  est  proditore,  coiisilio  sororis  sue  Urracce,  apud  Numantiam  Civi- 
tatem,  per  manum  Belliti  AdeJJis,  magni  traditoris,  in  era  M.  C.  X.  Nonis  Octobris, 
rapuit  me  cursus  ab  horis. 

Berganza,  5.  13.  184.  This  author,  whose  judgment  is  of  great  value  when 
there  is  no  miracle  to  mislead  it,  inclines  on  the  oldest  and  best  authorities  to 
this  suspicion,  which  is  strengthened  by  Alfonso's  conduct  towards  Garcia.  He 
who  kept  one  brother  so  many  years  in  chains,  would  have  little  scruple  in  instigat- 
ing the  assassin  of  another. 

A  place  of  penance  was  shown  in  Philip  II. 's  time,  in  the  cloisters  of  a 
church  at  Bamba  near  Valladolid,  said  to  have  been  made  by  Urraca  in  atone- 
ment for  having  occasioned  Sancho's  death.  The  tombs  of  the  sons  of  Arias 
Gonzalo  were  also  shown  there — both,  as  Morales  thinks,  without  any  good 
authority.     Morales,  12. 40.  7. 

N 


QQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  tbino:s  accord i no-  to  the  counsel  of  the  Infanta  Dona  Urraca  his 

III 
.^„^^   sister;   and  he  was  a  good  King,  and  kept  his  kingdom  so  well, 

that  rich  and  poor  alike  dwelt  in  peace  and  security,  neither  did 
one  man  take  arms  against  another,  nor  dare  to  do  it,  if  he  va- 
lued the  ej^es  in  his  head.    And  if  the  King  was  noble  and  high 
of  lineage,  much  more  was  he  of  heart ;   and  in  his  days  justice 
abounded  in   the  land    so,    that  if  a  woman  had  gone  alone 
throughout  the  whole  of  his  dominions,  bearing  gold  and  silver 
ill  her  hand,    she  would  have  found  none  to  hurt  her,  neither  m 
the  waste,  nor  in  the  peopled  country.     The  merchants  and  pil- 
grims also  who  passed  through  his  lands  Avere  so  well  ])rotected, 
that  none  durst  do  them  Avrong.     Never  Avhilc  the  kingdom  Avas 
his,  had  they  of  his  land  to  do  service  to  any  other  Lord.     And 
he  was  a  comforter  of  the  sorrowful,  and  an  increaser  of  the 
faith,  and  a  defender  of  the  churches,  and  the  strength  of  the 
people;  a  judge  Avithovit  fear;   there  Avas  not  in  Spain  a  consoler 
of  the  poor  and   of  those  Avho  Avere  oppressed,   till  he   came. 
NoAv  there  Avas  a  mortal  enmity  bctAveen  my  Cid  and   Count 
Garcia  Ordonez,  and  in  this  year  did  my  Cid  gather  together 
those  of  his  table,  and  all  his  power,  and  entered  into  the  lands 
of  Logrono,  and  Navarre,  and  Calahorra,  burning  and  spoiling 
the  country   before  him.     And  he  laid   siege  to  the  Castle  of 
Faro  and  took  it.     And  he  sent  messengers  to    the  Count  his 
f^'^ifi'"'    enemy,  to  say  that  he  Avould  wait  for  him  seven   days,  and  he 
'^I'^'.to^"''  Avaited.     And  the  mighty  men  of  the  land  came  to  the  Count 
ff.'soZi    Don  Garcia,  but  come  against  my  Cid  that  they  dared  not  do, 
cZkSa.     for  they  feared  to  do  battle  Avith  him. 

iiowKiug        XIII.     In  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Kmg  Don  Alfonso, 

went  to  "uc-  thc  Kiug  of  Cordova  made  Avar  upon  Ahmaymon  King  of  To- 

:Ji/m«i'.      Icdo,  and  did  great  damage  in  his  land,  and  held  him  besieged 

in  Toledo ;  and  King  Don  Alfonso  drew  forth  a  great  host  and 

went  to  help  the  King  of  Toledo.     Wlien  Alimaymon.  kneAv  that 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gj 

he  was  coming  Avith  so  great  a  power,  he  was  greatly  dismayed,  BOOK 
thinking  that  he  came  against  him  ;  and  he  sent  to  remind  hmi   vj^^ 
of  the  love  and  the  honour  which  he  had  shown  unto  him  in  the 
days  of  his  brother  King  Don  Sancho,  and  of  the  oath  which  he 
had  taken ;  and  to  beseech  him  that  he  would  continue  in  peace 
with  him.     And  the  King  detained  his  messengers,  giving  them 
no  repl}',  and  went  on  advancing  into  the  land,  doing  no  hurt 
therein.     And  vrhen  he  came  to    Olias,  he  ordered  the  whole 
army  to  halt.     And  Avhen  the  King  of  Cordova  knew  that  King 
Don  Alfonso  Avas  coming,  he  rose  up  from  before  Toledo,  and 
fled  away,  and  the  men  of  Toledo  pursued  him,  and  mflicted  ^apif^' 
gvesLt  loss  u}X)n  him  in  liis  flight.  /.  222!"' 

XIV.  And  when  the  army  had  lialted  at  Ohas,  the  King  How  the 
called  for  the  messengers  of  Alimaymon,  and  took  with  him  intJnul, 
five  knights,  and  rode  to  Toledo.  And  when  they  came  to  the 
gate  which  is  called  Visagra,  the  messengers  who  went  with  him 
made  him  enter  the  town,  and  he  sent  one  of  them  to  tell  the 
King  that  he  was  there,  and  went  on  in  the  mean  time  towards 
the  Alcazar.  And  when  King  Alimaymon  heard  this,  he  would 
not  wait  till  a  beast  should  be  brought  him  that  he  might  ride, 
but  set  out  on  foot  and  went  to  meet  hmi ;  and  as  he  was  going 
out  he  met  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  they  embraced  each  other. 
And  the  King  of  Toledo  kissed  King  Don  Alfonso's  shoulder, 
for  the  joy  and  pleasure  that  he  had  in  his  heart  at  seeing  him  ; 
and  he  gave  thanks  to  God  for  what  he  had  done  to  King  Don 
Alfonso,  and  thanked  him  also  for  the  truth  which  was  in  him, 
in  coming  thus  to  his  deliverance,  and  for  remembering  the  oath 
Avhicli  they  had  made  each  to  the  other.  And  they  rejoiced  to- 
gether all  that  night,  and  great  was  the  joy  of  the  people  of 
Toledo,  because  of  the  love  whicli  King  Don  Alfonso  bore  to- 
ward their  Lord.  But  great  was  the  sorrow  in  the  host  of  the  ci'^a'^"'' 
Castillians,  for  they  never  thought  to  see  their  Lord  again  ;   and  fHi^'"' 


g2  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  they  thought  that  he  had  committed  a  great  folly  in  thus  j)uttuig 
^.>-v^   himself  into  the  power  of  the  Moors. 

Of  the  noble  XV.  Ou  thc  morrow,  King  Don  Alfonso  besought  King 
the  Kwg  Alimaymon  that  he  would  go  and  cat  with  him  at  Olias,  and  see 
mayxum.  Jjow  lic  camc  to  help  him.  And  they  went  both  together  with  a 
little  company,  and  when  they  of  the  host  saw  their  Lord  they 
were  all  right  joyful,  and  the  two  Kings  went  through  the  canij), 
and  they  sat  down  to  eat  in  the  tent  of  the  King,  which  was  a 
large  one.  And  while  they  were  at  meat  King  Don  Alfonso 
gave  order  in  secret  that  five  hundred  knights  should  arm  them- 
selves and  surround  the  tent.  And  when  the  King  of  Toledo 
saAV  these  armed  knights,  and  that  the  tent  was  surrounded,  he 
was  in  great  fear,  and  he  asked  of  King  Don  Alfonso  Avhat  it 
should  be  ;  and  the  King  bade  him  eat,  and  said,  that  after- 
wards they  Avoukl  tell  him.  And  after  they  had  eaten.  King 
Don  Alfonso  said  to  Alimaymon,  Y^ou  made  me  swear  and  pro- 
mise when  you  had  me  in  Toledo  in  your  power,  that  no  evil 
should  ever  come  against  you  on  my  part :  noAv  since  I  have 
you  in  my  power  I  will  that  you  release  me  from  this  oath  and 
covenant.  And  the  King  of  Toledo  consented  to  release  liim, 
and  besought  him  to  do  him  no  other  wrong,  and  he  acquitted 
him  from  the  promise  three  times.  And  Avhen  he  had  done  this 
King  Don  Alfonso  called  for  the  book  of  the  Gospels,  and  said 
unto  him.  Now  then  that  you  are  in  my  power,  I  swear  and 
promise  imto  you,  never  to  go  against  you,  nor  against  your  son, 
and  to  aid  you  against  all  other  men  in  the  world.  And  I 
make  this  oath  unto  you  because  there  was  reason  why  I  should 
have  broken  that  other  one,  seeing  that  it  was  made  Avhen  I  was 
in  your  hands;  but  against  this  I  must  not  go,  for  I  make  it 
Avhen  you  are  in  mine,  and  I  could  do  with  you  even  Avhatever 
pleased  me ;  and  he  laid  his  hands  upon  the  book,  and  swore 
even  as  he  had  said.     Right  joyful  was  the  King  of  Toledo  at 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  g^ 

this  wliicli  King  Don  Alfonso  had  done,  for  the  loyalty  which  he  BOOK 
had  shown  toAvards  him.    And  they  remained  that  night  together;   ^-.-v^ 
and  on  the  morrow  Alimaymon  returned   to  his  cit}'  full  2;ladly, 
and  King  Don  Alfonso  made  his  host  move  on  toA\ards  Cordova 
and  Alimaymon  went  with  him ;  and  they  overran  the  land,  and 
burnt  towns  and  villages,  and  destroyed  castles,  and  plundered 
Avhatever  they  could  find ;  and  they  returned  each  into  his  own 
country  with  great  spoils.     And   fi-om   thenceforward  the   Kinw  cap'a^.ai.' 
of  Cordova  durst  no  more  attack  the  Kino-  of  Toledo.  #2>3. 

XVI,  In  the  following  years  nothing  is  found  to  be  related,  HowmyCi,{ 
save  that  my  Cid  did  battle  by  command  of  the  Kino-  with  a  '"'"^'■ 
knight  called  Ximen  Garcia  de  Tiogelos,  Avho  was  one  of  the 
best  of  Navarre  :  they  fought  for  the  castle  of  Pazluenoas,  and 
for  two  other  castles,  and  my  Cid  conquered  him,  and  Kinw 
Don  Alfonso  had  the  castles.  And  after  this  my  Cid  did  battle 
in  IMcdina  Celi,  with  a  Moor  called  Faras,  who  was  a  o-ood 
knight  in  arms,  and  he  defeated  and  sIcav  him  and  another  also. 
And  in  the  fifth  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Don  Alfonso,  the 
King  sent  the  Cid  to  the  Kings  of  Seville  and  of  Cordova,  for 
the  tribute  Avhich  they  were  bound  to  pay  liim.  Noav  there  was 
ht  this  time  Avar  between  Almocanis  King  of  Seville,  and  Al^ 
mundafar  King  of  Granada,  and  Avith  Almundafar  Avere  these 
men  of  Castille,  the  Count  Don  Garcia  Ordonez,  and  Fortun 
Sanchez,  the  son-in-laAv  of  King  Don  Garcia  of  Navarre,  and 
Lope  Sanchez  his  brother,  and  Diego  Perez,  one  of  the  best 
men  of  Castille  ;  and  they  aided  him  all  that  they  could,  and 
Avent  against  the  ->>.ing  of  Seville.  And  Avhen  my  Cid  knew  this 
it  troubled  him,  and  he  sent  unto  them  requirino-  them  not  to  o-o 
against  the  King  of  Sca  iJle,  nor  to  destroy  his  country,  because 
he  Avas  King  Don  Alfonso's  vassal;  otherwise  the  King  must 
defend  him.  And  the  King  of  Granada  and  the  Ricos-omes 
Avho  Avere  Avith  him  cared  nothing  for  his  letters,   but  entered 


f)4  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  boldly  into  the  land  of  Seville,  and  advanced  as  far  as  Cabra, 

yJ^J:^  burning  and  la_ying  waste  before  them.  When  the  Cid  saw  this 
he  gathered  together  Avhat  Christians  he  could  and  went  against 
them.  And  the  King  of  Granada  and  the  Christians  who  were 
with  him,  sent  to  tell  him  that  they  would  not  go  out  of  the 
country  for  him.  And  the  Avrath  of  the  Cid  Avas  kindled,  and 
he  went  against  them,  and  fought  Avith  them  in  the  field,  and 
the  battle  lasted  from  the  hour  of  tierce  even  until  the  hour  of 
sexts  ;  and  many  died  upon  the  part  of  the  King  of  Granada, 
and  at  length  my  Cid  overcame  them  and  made  them  take  to 
flight.  And  Count  Garcia  Ordonez  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
Lope  Sanchez,  and  Diego  Perez,  and  many  other  knights,  and 
of  other  men  so  many  that  they  Avere  out  of  number ;  and  the 
dead  Avere  so  many  that  no  man  could  count  them;  and  the 
spoils  of  the  field  were  very  great.  And  the  Cid  held  these 
good  men  prisoners  three  days  ^  and  then  set  them  free,  and 
he  returned  Avith  great  honour  and  great  riches  to  Seville.  And 
King  Almocanis  received  him  full  honourably,  and  gave  him 
great  gifts  for  himself,    and   paid    him   the  full  tribute  for  the 

cap. 86. s'?!  King;  and  he  returned  rich  to  Castillo,  and  Avith  great  honour. 

/.'223.  '    xVnd  King  Don  Alfonso  Avas  aa'cII  pleased  ^   Avith  the  good  for- 


"  It  was  a  custom  that  the  victor  should  remain  three  days  upon  the  field 
of  battle,  ill  proof  of  his  victory:  and  this  seems  to  have  been  the  Cid's  reason 
for  detaining  his  prisoners  thus  long.  A  disgraceful  instance  of  this  custom  will 
be  found  in  the  history  of  Affbnso  V.  of  Portugal,  who  remained  three  days  upon 
the  field  at  AH'arrobcira  after  he  had  slain  the  Infante  'lyon  Pedro,  his  uncle, 
guardian,  and  father  in  law,  the  best  and  ablest  man  that  ever  Portugal  pro- 
duced. 

'  In  recompence  for  these  services  Alfonso  granted  a  privilege  to  the  Cid, 
confiraiing  lohim  all  his  possessions,  and  declaring  them  free  from  all  imposts:  the 
town  of  Bivar  is  especially  mentioned.     This  privilege  bears  date  July  28,  1075; 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gr 

time  of  the  Cid  in  all  his  feats  ;  but  there  were  many  who  wisli-  BOOK 
ed  ill  to  him,  and  sought  to  set  the  King  against  him.  s.iv-^ 

XVII.  After  this  King  Don  Alfonso  assembled  together  all  nowKwg 
his  power  and  Avent  agamst  the  Moors.  And  the  Cid  should  '"«"•<■''« 
have  gone  with  lum,  but  he  tell  sick  and  perforce  therefore  abode  ""  '^'''^ 
at  home.  And  while  the  King  Avas  going  through  Andalusia, 
having  the  land  at  his  mercy,  a  gi'eat  poAver  of  the  Moors  assem- 
bled together  on  the  other  side,  and  entered  the  land,  and  be- 
sieged the  castle  of  Gormaz,  and  did  much  evil.  At  this  time  the 
Cid  was  gathering  strength ;  and  Avhen  he  heard  that  the  Moors 
were  fn  tlie  country,  laying  Avaste  before  them,  he  gathered 
together  Avhat  force  he  could,  and  Avent  after  them  ;  and  the 
IVlooi-s,  Avhen  they  heard  this,  dared  not  abide  his  coming,  but 
beg-an  to  tly.  And  the  Cid  folloAved  them  to  Atienza,  and  to 
-5  i^iguenza,  and  Fita,  and  Ciuadalajara,  and  through  the  Avhole 
land  of  St.  Esteban,  as  far  as  Toledo,  slavins;  and  burninsr,  and 
plundering  and  destroying,  and  laying  hands  on  all  Avhora  he 
found,  so  that  he  brought  back  scA^en  thousand  prisoners,  inen 
and  Avomen ;  and  he  and  all  his  people  returned  rich  and  Avdth 
great  honour.  But  Avhen  the  King  of  Toledo  heard  of  the  hurt 
Avhich  he  had  received  at  the  hands  of  the  Cid,  he  sent  to  King 
Don  Alfonso  to  complain  thereof,  and  the  King  Avas  greatly 
troubled.  And  then  the  Ricos-omes  Avho  Avished  ill  to  the  Cid, 
had  the  way  open  to  do  him  evil  with  the  King,  and  they  said  to 
the  King,  Sir,  Ruydiez  hath  broken  3^our  faitli,  and  the  oath  and 
promise  Avhich  you  made  to  the  King  of  Toledo :  and  he  hath 
done  this  for  no  other  reason  but  that  the  Moors  of  Toledo  may 


it  is  preserved  at  Bivar,  and  in  reverence  for  the  Cid's  memory  has  been  confirmed 
by  all  the  subsequent  kings  of  Castille  down  to  Philip  V  .  and  is  probably  continu- 
ed to  this  day.     Berganza  5.   14.  §  196. 


g5  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  fall  upon  us  here,  and  slay  both  3011  and  us.      And  the  King 

v.,rv-L/   believed  what  they  said,  and  Avas  wroth  against  the  Cid,  laving 

no  love  towards  him  Ix^causc  of  the  oath  v.hich  he  had  pressed 

upon  him  at  Buroos  conccrnino'  the  death  of  Kino-  Don  Sancho 

Chr.ddCid.        t  All  •  1  1> 

cup.  88. 89.  his  brother.    And  he  went  with  all  sneed  to  Buro'os,  and  sent 

Ckr.  Gen.  _  i  O       ' 

/.  224.       from  thence  to  bid  the  Cid  come  unto  him. 

HowtheCid       XVIII.     Now  my  Cid  knew  the  evil  disposition  of  the  King 


was  wTon^ 


fully  banih.  towards  him,  and  Avhen  he  received  his  bidding,  he  made  answer 


cd. 


that  he  would  meet  him  between  Buroos  and  Bivar.  x\nd  the  King 
went  out  from  Burgos  and  came  nigh  unto  Bivar ;  and  the  Cid 
came  up  to  him  and  Avould  have  kissed  his  hand,  but  the  King  witli- 
held  it,  and  said  angrily  unto  him,  Ruydie;?,  cjuit  my  land.  Then 
the  Cid  clapt  spurs  to  the  mule  upon  Avhich  he  rode,  and  vaulted 
into  a  ])iece  of  ground  Avhich  Avas  his  oAvn  inheritance,  and 
ansAvered,  Sir,  I  am  not  in  your  land,  but  in  my  OAvn.  And 
the  King  replied  full  AvrathfuUy,  Go  out  of  my  kingdoms  Avithout 
any  delay.  And  the  Cid  made  ansAver,  Give  me  then  thirty 
days  time,  as  is  the  right  of  the  hidalgos ;  and  the  King  said 
he  Avould  not,  but  that  if  he  Avere  not  gone  in  nine  days  time 
he  would  come  and  look  for  him.  Tiie  Counts  Avere  Avell  pleas- 
ed at  this  ;  but  all  the  people  of  the  land  Avere  sorroAvful.  And 
then  the  King  and  the  Cid  parted.  And  the  Cid  sent  for  all 
his  friends  and  his  kinsmen  and  vassals,  and  told  them  how 
King  Don  Alfonso  had  banished  him  from  the  land,  and  asked 
of  them  Avho  Avould  folloAv  him  into  banishment,  and  Avho  Avould 
remain  at  home.  Then  Alvar  Eaiiez,  avIio  Avas  his  cousin-ger- 
man,  came  forward  and  said,  Cid,  Ave  Avill  all  go  Avith  you, 
through  desert  and  through  peopled  country,  and  never  fail  you. 
In  your  service  Avill  we  spend  our  mules  and  horses,  our  Avealth 
and  our  garments,  and  ever  A\'hile  Ave  live  be  unto  3'ou  loyal 
ti^"!  89. 90!  friends  and  vassals.  And  they  all  confirmed  Avhat  Alvar  Fanez 
ff.  224.'"     had   said ;  and  the  Cid  thanked  them  for  their  love,  and  said 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR. 


97 


that   tliere   mi<>ht   come  a  time  in   which   he   should   o-vieidoii  BOOK 
them.  -^^.-^ 

XIX.  And  as  he  was  about  to  depart  he  looked  back  upon  iioutheCid 
his  OAVU  home,  and  when  he  saw  his  hall  deserted,  the  house- /™m*«oun 

111-  house,  biiiig 

hold  chests  untastened,  the  doors  open,  no  cloaks  lian^mo-  up,  abanuud 

man. 

no  seats  in  the  porch,  no  hawks  upon  the  perches,  the  tears 
came  into  his  eyes,  and  he  said,  My  enemies  have  done  this  . . 
God  be  praised  for  all  things.  And  he  turned  toward  the  East, 
and  knelt  and  said,  Holy  Mary  jMother,  and  all  Saints,  pray  to 
God  for  me,  that  he  may  give  me  strength  to  destroy  all  the 
Pagans,  and  to  win  enough  from  them  to  requite  my  friends 
therewith,  and  all  those  avIio  follow  and  help  me.  Then  he 
called  for  Alvar  Faiiez  and  said  unto  him,  Cousin,  the  poor 
have  no  part  in  the  wrong  Avhich  the  King  hath  done  us  ;  see 
now  that  no  Avronsr  be  done  unto  them  alons;  our  road  :  and  he 
called  for  his  horse.  And  then  an  old  woman  who  was  standing 
at  her  door  said.  Go  in  a  lucky  minute,  and  make  spoil  of  Avhat- 
ever  3'ou  Avisli.  And  with  this  })roverb  he  rode  on,  saying, 
Friends,  by  God's  good  pleasure  we  shall  return  to  Castillo  with 
great  honour  and  great  gain.  And  as  they  went  out  fiom  Bivar  ar.,;wc,rf. 
they  had  a  crow  on  their  right  hand,  and  when  they  came  to  pLm'dei 
Burgos  they  had  a  crow  on  the  left.  li.  ' 

XX.  ]\Iy  Cid  Ruydiez  entered  Burgos,  having  sixty  stream-  Howth 
ers  in  his  compan}'.  And  men  and  uomen  went  forth  to  see  rfa'm",!^' 
him,  and  the  men  of  ]>uro;os  and  the  women  of  Buroos  were 
at  their  windoAvs,  Aveeping,  so  great  Avas  their  sorroAv ;  and  they 
said  with  one  accord,  God,  how  good  a  vassal  if  he  had  but  a 
good  Lord  !  and  willingly  Avould  each  have  bade  him  come  in, 
but  no  one  dared  so  to  do.  For  King  Don  Alfonso  in, his 
anger  had  sent  letters  to  ]>uroos,  savino;  that  no  man  should 
give  the  Cid  a  lodging ;  and  that  Avhosoever  disobeyed  should 
lose  all  that  he  had,  and  moreover  tiie  eyes  in  his  head.    Great 

o 


dared  not 
reccice  hiin. 


g3  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  sorrow  had  these  Christian  folk  at  this,  and  they  hid  tliemselves 
in 

v^,^,^  when  he  came  near  tlieni  because  they  did  not  dare  speak  to 
him ;  and  my  Cid  went  to  his  Posada,  and  Avlien  he  came  to 
the  door  he  found  it  fastened,  for  fear  of  the  King.  And  his 
people  called  out  with  a  loud  voice,  but  they  within  made  no 
answer.  And  the  Cid  rode  up  to  the  door,  and  took  his  foot  out 
of  the  stirrup,  and  gave  it  a  kick,  but  the  door  did  not  open 
with  it,  for  it  was  well  secured  ;  a  little  girl  of  nine  years  old  then 
came  out  of  one  of  the  houses  and  said  unto  him,  O  Cid,  the 
King  hath  forbidden  us  to  receive  you.  We  dare  not  open  our 
doors  to  you,  for  we  should  lose  our  houses  and  all  that  we 
have,  and  the  eyes  in  our  head.  Cid,  our  evil  would  not  help 
you,  but  God  and  all  his  Saints  be  with  you.  And  when  she 
had  said  this  she  returned  into  the  house.  And  when  the  Cid 
knew  what  the  King  had  done  he  turned  away  from  the  door 
and  rode  up  to  St.  Mary's,  and  there  he  alighted  and  knelt 
doAvn,  and  prayed  Avith  all  his  heart ;  and  then  he  mounted  again 
and  rode  out  of  the  town,  and  pitched  his  tent  near  Arlanzon, 
upon  the  Glera,  that  is  to  say,  upon  the  sands.  My  Cid  Ruy- 
diez,  he  who  in  a  happy  hour  first  girt  on  his  sword,  took  up  his 
poemadd  lodgiug  upou  tlic  sauds,  because  there  was  none  who  would 
01.  receive  hnn  Avithm  then*  door.     He  had  a  eood  company  round 

Chr.delCtd.  _  ^  I         J 

cap.  01.      about  him,  and  there  he  lodo-cd  as  if  he  had  been  amono-  the 

Chr.  Gen.  _  "-^  ~ 

f.-2i4.       mountains. 

nouthfCid      XXI.     Moreover  the  King  had  given  orders  that  no  food 

rowmo„c,,    should   bc  sold   them  in   Burgos,  so  that  they  could  not  luiy 

of  the  Jeics.  '  ^ 

even  a  penny \\orth.  ]>ut  Martin  Antolincz,  who  was  a  good 
I^urgalcse,  he  sup})licd  my  Cid  and  all  his  company  with  bread 
and  Avine  abundantly.  Campeador,  said  he  to  the  Cid,  to- 
night we  Avill  rest  here,  and  to-morrow  we  will  be  gone :  I  shall 
be  accusetl  for  what  I  have  done  in  servino;  vou,  and  shall  bc 
iu  the  King's  displeasure ;  but  following  your  fortunes,  sooner 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  QQ 

or  later,  the  Kinsr  will  have  me  for  his  friend,  and  if  not,  I  do  BOOK 

•  •  III 

not  care  a  fig  '°  for  what  I  leave  behind.    Now  this  Martin  An-  .^^^^ 

tolinez  was  nephew  unto  the  Cid,  being  the  son  of  his  brother, 
Ferrando  Diaz".  And  the  Cid  said  unto  him,  Martin  Antolinez, 
you  are  a  bold  Lancier ;  if  I  live  I  will  double  you  your  pay. 
You  see  I  have  nothing  with  me,  and  yet  must  provide  for 
my  companions.  I  will  take  two  chests  and  fill  them  with  sand, 
and  do  you  go  in  secret  to  Rachel  and  Vidas,  and  tell  them  to 
come  hither  privately ;  for  I  cannot  take  my  treasures  with  me 
because  of  their  weight,  and  Avill  pledge  them  in  their  hands.  Let 
them  come  for  the  chests  at  night,  that  no  man  may  see  them. 
God  knows  that  I  do  this  thins;  more  of  necessitv  than  of  Avil- 
fulness  ;  but  by  God's  good  help  I  shall  redeem  all.  Now  Ra- 
chel and  A'idas  Avere  rich  Jews,  from   whom  the  Cid  used  to 


'"  Literally — 

Si  lion,  qiianto  dexo  nou  lo  piccio  tin  figo. 

Foema  del  Cid.  I .  Ti. 

The  j)rob;il)lc  origin  of  lliis  common  phrase  I  have  remarked  in  a  note 
upon  Thalaba,  J  ol.  \.  p.TjOQ.  Ancient  Pistol  is  good  authority  for  its  Spanish 
descent. 

"  Diego  Laynez,  the  father  of  Rodrigo,  riding  out  when  a  young  man  U{)on 
Santiago's  Day,  met  a  woman  who  was  carrying  food  to  her  husband  at  the  thresh- 
ing floor,  and  forced  her.  She  conceived  a  son,  proceeded  to  her  husband,  and 
told  him  what  had  befallen  her ;  and  she  conceived  another  son  by  him  also,  the 
same  day.  The  child  of  the  knight  came  into  the  world  first,  and  was  baptized 
Ferrando  Diez.  This  Don  Ferrando  married  the  daughter  of  Anton  Antolinez 
of  Burgos,  and  had  by  her  Martin  Antolinez,  Fernand  Alfonso,  Pero  Bermudez, 
Alvar  Salvadores,  and  Ordono.     Chronica  del  Cid.  Cap.  2. 

How  the  son  of  the  knight  was  distinguished  from  the  son  of  the  peasant,  is 
not  specified  by  the  Chronicler.  It  was  perhaps  believed  that  the  young  Caval- 
lero  would  insist  upon  taking  precedence. 


^QQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  receive  money  for  his  spoils  >^     And  Martin  Antolinez   went 
.J^  in  quest  of  them,  and  he  passed  through  Burgos  and   entered 
into  the  Castle  ;  and  when  he  saAV  them  he  said,  Ah  Rachel  and 
Vidas,  my  dear  friends !    now  let  me  speak  with  ye  in  secret. 
And  they  three  went  apart.   And  he  said  to  them,  Give  me  your 
hands  that  you  Avill  not  discover  me  neither  to  Moor  nor  Chris- 
tian !  I  will  make  you  rich  men  for  ever.    The  Campeador  went 
for  the  tribute  and  he  took  great  wealth,  and  some  of  it  he  has 
kept  for  himself     He  has  two  chests  full  of  gold  ;  ye  know 
that  the  King  is  in  anger  against  him,  and  he  cannot  carry  these 
away  with  him  without  their  being  seen.     He  will  leave  them 
therefore  in  your  hands,  and  you  shall  lend  him  money  upon 
them,  swearing  Avith  gieat  oaths  and  upon  your  faith,  that  ye 
will   not  open    them   till  a  year   be  past.     Rachel  and  Vidas 
took  counsel   together  and   answered,    We  Avell   knew  he  got 
somethino-  Avhen  he  entered  the  land  of  the  Moors;  he  who  has 
treasures  does  not  sleep  Avithout  suspicion ;   Ave  Avill  take  the 
chests,  and  place  them  Avhere  they  shall  not  be  seen.     But  tell 
us  Avith  Avhat  Avill  the  Cid  be  contented,  and  Avhat  gain  Avill  he 
oive  us  for  the  year?  Martin  AntoUnez  answered  like  a  prudent 
man,  ]\Iy  Cid  requires  Avliat  is  reasonable ;  he  Avill  ask  but  little 
to  leave  his  treasures  in  safety.    Men  come  to  him  from  all  parts. 
He  must  have  six  hundred  marks.     And  the  Jcavs  said,  We  Avill 
advance  him  so  much.     Well  then,  said  Martin  Antolinez,  ye 
see  that   the  night  is   advancing ;  the  Cid  is  in  haste,  give  us 
the  marks.   This  is  not  the  Avay  of  business,  said  they ;  Ave  must 
take  fnst,  and  then  give.   Ye  say  Avell,  replied  the  Burgalese ; 
roevm  .Id    come  then  to  the  Campeador,  and  avc  Avill  help  you  to  bring 
aAvay  the  chests,  so  that  neither  Moors  nor  Christians  may  see  us. 


Cid.v.Oi— 


"  Con  qiden  el  solia  fazcr  sus  munllcnat. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAU. 


101 


So  they  went  to  hoi-sc  and   rode  out   together,    and  they  did  BOOK 
not  cross  the  bridge,  but  rode  throuoh  the  water  that  no  man   „_.  ' 
might  see  them,  and  they  came  to  the  tent  of  the  Cid. 

XXII.     jNleantime  the  Cid  had  taken  two  chests,  which  were  //wrt« 

1*1      Jetis  lent 

covered   with    leather '*  of  red  and  sold,  and  the    nails  Avhich  "'f'"™^. 
fastened    down  tlie  leather   were  well   eilt;    they  were  ribbed  ''■^"^t'" 
with  bands  of  iron,  and  each  fastened  with  three  locks ;  they 
were  heavy,  and  he  filled  them  with  sand.     And  when  Rachel 
and  Vidas  entered  his  tent  with  Martin  Antolinez,  they  kissed 
his  hand ;  and   the  Cid  smiled  and  said  to  them.  Ye  see  that 
I  am  going  out  of  the  land,  because  of  the  King's  displeasure ; 
but  I  shall  leave  something  Avitli  ye.     And  they  made  answer, 
Martin  Antolinez  has  covenanted  with  us,  that  we  shall  give  you 
six  hundred  marks   upon  these  chests,  and  keep  them  a   full 
year,  swearing  not  to  open  them  till  tliat  time  be  ex})ired,   else 
shall  we  be  perjured.    Take  the  chests,  said  INIartin  Antohnez; 
I  will  go  with  you,  anol  l>iing  back  the  marks,  for  my  Cid  nmst 
move  before  cock-crow.     So   they  took    the  chests,  and  though 
they  Avere  both  strong  men  tlwy  could  not  raise  them  from  the 
ground  ;  and  they  were  full  glad  of  the  bargain  Avhich  the}'  had 
made.    And  Rachel  then  went  to  the  Cid  and  kissed  his  hand 
and  said,  Now,  Campeador,  you  are  going  from  Ciistille  among 
strange  nations,  and  your  gain  Avill  be  great,  even  as  your  for- 
tune is.    I  kiss  your  hand,  Cid,  and  have  a  gift  for  you,  a  red 
skin;  it  is  Moorish  and  lionourable.  And  the  Cid  said.  It  pleases 
me :  give  it  me  if  ye  have  brought  it,  if  not,  reckon  it  upon  the 


"  GuadamaceL  Tapetum  coriaceum  pictiiin  Sf  (lean  rat  urn.  So  called,  ac- 
cording to  Covarrubias,  because  it  was  first  manufactured  near  ibe  river  Guada- 
meci  in  Andalusia.  Hangings  of  this  were  used  in  Spain.  Beck inann  speaks  of 
tlie  '  aow  old-fashioned  leather  tapestry.' 


JQ2  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  chests.     And  they  departed  with  the  chests,  and  Martin  Antoli- 

I  If  ' 

,,,„^^   nez  and  his  j^eople  helped  them,  and  went  with  them.     And 

when  they  had  placed  the  chests  in  safety,  they  spread  a  car- 
pet in  the  middle  of  the  hall,  and  laid  a  sheet  upon  it,  and  they 
threw  down  upon  it  three  hundred  marks  of  silver.  Don  IVIar- 
tin  counted  them,  and  took  them  without  weighing.  The  other 
three  hundred  they  paid  in  gold.  Don  INIartin  had  five  squires 
with  liim,  and  he  loaded  them  all  with  the  money.  And  when  this 
was  done  he  said  to  them,  Noav  Don  Rachel  and  Vidas,  you  have 
got  the  chests,  and  I  who  got  them  for  you  avcII  deserve  a  pair 
of  hose.  And  the  Jews  said  to  each  other.  Let  us  give  him  a 
good  gift  for  this  which  he  has  done ;  and  they  said  to  him,  We 
Poemaad  will  o;ive  you  enough  for  hose  and  for  a  rich  douljlet  and  a  tiood 
200!  cloak  ;  you  shall  have  thirty  marks.    Don  Martin  thanked  them 

cap.  go.  gi.  and  took  the  marks,  and  biddins;  them  both  farewell,  he  departed 

Chr.Gcn.  . 

f.  2J4.       right  joyfully. 

Hoicthecid      XXIII.     When  IMartin  Antolinez  came  into    the  Cid's   tent 

ximena  at   hc  Said  uuto  liiui,  I  liavc  sped  well,  Campeador  !  you  have  gain- 

Caideiia.  1     T       1    •  "NT  1  •!  ^ 

ed  six  hundred  marks,  and  1  tlnrty.  JNow  then  strike  your 
tent  and  be  gone.  The  time  draws  on,  and  you  may  be  ^ith 
your  Lady  ^Vife  at  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena,  before  the  cock  crows. 
So  the  tent  Avas  struck,  and  my  Cid  and  his  company  went  to 
horse  at  this  early  hour.  And  the  Cid  turned  his  horse's  iiead 
toward  St.  Mary's,  and  with  his  right  hand  he  blest  himself  on 
the  forehead,  and  he  said,  God  be  praised!  help  me,  St.  Mary. 
I  go  from  Castillc  because  the  anger  of  the  King  is  against  me, 
and  I  know  not  whether  I  shall  ever  enter  it  again  in  all  my 
days.  Help  me,  glorious  Mrgin,  in  my  goings,  both  by  night 
and  by  day.  If  you  do  this  and  my  lot  be  fair,  I  will  send  rich 
and  goodly  gifts  to  your  altar,  and  Avill  have  a  thousand  masses 
sung  there.  Then  with  a  good  heart  he  gave  his  horse  the  reins. 
And  Martin  Antolinez  said  to  him,  Go  ye  on;  I  must  back  to 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAIl.  103 

my  wife  and  tell  her  what  she  is  to  do  during  my  absence.     I  B  O O  K 
shall  be  with  you  in  good  time.     And  back  he  went  to  Burgos,  v,,,..,^ 
and  my  Cid  and  his  company  pricked  on.  The  cocks  were  crow- 
ing amain,  and  the  day  began  to  break,  when  the  good  Campea- 
dor  reached  St.  Pedro's.    Tlie  Abbot  Uon  Sisebuto  "  was  saying 
matins,  and  Doiia  Ximena  and  five  of  her  ladies  of  good  lineage 
were  with  him,  praying  to  God  and  St.  Peter  to  help  my  Cid. 
And  when  he  called  at  the  gate  and  they  knew  his  voice,  God, 
what  a  joyful  man  was  the  Abbot  Don  Sisebuto !   Out  into  the 
court  yard  they  went  with  torches  and   with  tapers,   and  the 
Abbot  gave  thanks  to  God  that  he  now  beheld  the  face  of  my 
Cid.     And  the  Cid  told  him  all  that  had  befallen  him,  and  how 
he  was  a  banished  man  ;  and  he  gave  him  fifty  marks  for  himself, 
and  a  hundred  for  Dona  Ximena  and  her  children.    Abbot,  said 
he,  I  leave  two  little  girls  behind  me,  whom  I  connnend  to  your 
care.     'J  ake  you  care  of  them  and  of  my  wife  and  of  her  ladies  : 
when  this   money  be  gone,  if  it  be  not  enough,  supply  them 
abundantly ;  for  every  mark  Avhich  you  expend  upon  them  I 
will  give  the  Monastery  four.     And  the  Abbot  promised  to  do 
this  with  a  riglit  good  will.      Then  Doiia  Ximena  came  up  and 
her  daughters  with  her,  each  of  them  borne  in  arms,  and  she  knelt 
down  on  both  her  knees  before  her  husband,  seeping  bitterly, 
and  she  would  have  kissed  his  hand  ;  and  she  said  to  bun,  Lo  now 
3'ou  are  banished  from  the  land  by  mischief-making  men,  and 
here  am  I  with  your  daughters,  who  are  little  ones  and  of  tender 
years,  and  we  and  you  must  be  parted,  even  in  your  life  time. 


'*  On  the  unquestionable  authority  of  Berganza  I  restore  his  true  name  to 
the  y^bbot,  who  is  called  in  the  Chronicle  and  in  the  Poem,  Sancho ; — Jcaso,  he 
says  by  a  fortunate  conjecture,  ;3or  aver  encontrado  en  la  Historia  Latina  Sanctus> 
I/- desjmcs  traduxeron  Sancho.     3.  15.  ^201. 


104  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  For  the  love  of  St.  Mary  tell  me  now  what  we  shall  do.  And 
,^^^  the  Cid  took  the  children  in  his  arms,  and  held  them  to  his  heart 
and  wept,  tor  he  dearly  loved  tliein.  Please  God  and  St.  Mary, 
said  he,  I  shall  3'et  live  to  give  these  my  daughters  in  marriage 
Poemadd  witli  my  own  hands,  and  to  do  you  service  yet,  my  honoured 
285.  Avife,  whom  I  have  ever  loved,  even  as  my  own  soul. 
How  the  Cid  XXIV.  A  great  feast  did  they  make  that  day  in  the  Monas- 
hi$  ivifeaiid  tery  for  the  good  Campeador,  and  the  bells  of  St.  Pedro's  rung 
merrily.  Meantime  the  tidings  had  gone  through  Castille  how 
my  Cid  Avas  banished  from  the  land,  and  great  was  the  sorrow 
of  the  people.  Some  left  their  houses  to  follow  hnn,  others 
forsook  their  honourable  offices  which  they  held.  And  that  day 
a  hundred  and  fifteen  knights  assembled  at  the  bridge  of  Arlan- 
zon,  all  in  quest  of  my  Cid ;  and  there  Martin  Antolinez  joined 
them,  and  they  rode  on  together  to  St.  Pedro's.  And  Avhen  he 
of  Bivar  knew  what  a  goodly  company  were  coming  to  join  him, 
he  rejoiced  in  his  own  strength,  and  rode  out  to  meet  them  and 
greeted  them  full  courteously  ;  and  they  kissed  his  hand,  and 
he  said  to  them,  I  pray  to  God  that  I  may  one  day  requite 
ye  well,  because  ye  have  forsaken  your  houses  and  your  heri- 
tages for  my  sake,  and  I  trust  that  I  shall  pay  ye  two  fold. 
Six  days  of  the  term  allotted  Avere  noAV  gone,  and  three  only  re- 
inain»xl :  if  after  that  time  he  should  be  found  Avithin  the  King's 
dominions,  neither  for  gold  nor  for  silver  could  he  then  escape. 
'I'hat  day  they  feasted  together,  and  Avhen  it  Avas  evening  the 
Cid  distributed  among  them  all  that  he  had,  giving  to  each  man 
according  to  what  he  was;  and  he  told  them  that  they  must 
meet  at  mass  after  matins,  and  depart  at  that  early  hour.  Be- 
fore the  cock  crcAv  they  Avcre  ready,  and  the  Abbot  said  the 
mass  of  the  Holy  'JVinity,  and  Avhen  it  Avas  done  they  left  the 
churcli  and  Avent  to  horst\  And  my  Cid  embraced  Dona  Ximc- 
ua  a.id  his  davighters,  and  blest  them ;  and  the  parting  betAveen 


^  RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  JQ^ 

them  was  like  separating  the  nail  from  the  quick  flesh  :   and  BOOK 
he  wept  and  continued  to  look  round  after  them.     Then  Alvar  v,,.^^ 
Fanez  came  up  to  him  and  said,  Where  is   your  courage,  my 
Cid  ?    In  a  good  hour  Avere  you  born  of  woman.      Think  of 
our  road  now ;  these  sorrows  will  yet  be  turned  into  joy.     And    ^  , 
the  Cid  spake  again  to  the  Abbot,  commending  his  family  to  his 
care ; — well  did  the  Abbot  know  that  he  should  one  day  re- 
ceive good  guerdon.     And  as  he  took  leave  of  the  Cid,  Alvar 
Fanez  said  to  liim,   .Vbbot,  if  you  see  any    Avho  come  to  fol- 
low us,    tell  them  Avhat  route  Ave  take,    and    bid   them  make 
speed,  for  they  may  reach   us   either  in  the   Avaste  or  in   the 
peopled  country.     And  then  they  loosed  the  reins  and  pricked  ^'j^"  '^'■' 
forAvard.  ^o*- 

XXV.     That  night  my  Cid  lay  at  Spinar  de  Can,  and  peo-  now  the  aj. 

iniii-r  11  11  1  left  the  king- 

ple  flocked  to  hun  irom  all  parts,  and  early  on  the  morroAv  he  dom  a/King 
set  out ;  Santcstevan  lay  on  his  left  hand,  Avhich  is  a  good  city, 
and  Ahilon  on  the  right,  Avhich  belongs  to  the  Moors,  and  he 
passed  by  Alcobiella,  Avhich  is  the  boundary  of  Castille.  And 
he  Avent  by  the  Calzada  de  Quinea,  and  crost  the  Douro  upon 
rafts  '*.  That  night,  being  the  eighth,  they  rested  at  Figeruela 
and  more  adventurers  came  to  join  him.  And  Avhen  my  Cid 
was  fast  asleep,  the  Angel  Gabriel  appeared  to  him  in  a  vision, 
and  said.  Go  on  boldly  and  fear  nothing  ;  for  every  thing  shall 
go  Avell  Avith  thee  as  long  as  thou  livest,  and  all  the  things  Avhich 
thou  beginncst,  thou  shalt  bring  to  good  end,  and  thou  shalt  be 


'*  Sobre  navas  de  pahs  al  Duero  vapaser 

V.  404. 
In  the  Chronica  General,  this  is  made  the  name  of  a  place — Nava  de  Palos. 
The  Cliionica  del  Cid  says,  barca   de  Palos,  agreeing  with  the  Poem,  which    is 
better  authority  than  either. 

P 


106 


CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID. 


BOOK  rich   and  honourable.     And  the  Cid  aAvoke  and  blest  himself ; 
v3>^  and  lie  crest  his  forehead  and  rose  from  his  bed,  and  knelt  down 
and  gave   thanks  to  God  for  the  mercy  Avhich  he  had  vouch- 
safed him,  being  right  joyful  because  of  the  vision.     Early  on 
the  morrow  they  set  forth ;  now  this  was  the  last  day  of  the  nine. 
And  they  went  on  towards  the  Sierra  de  Miedes.     Before  sun- 
set the  Cid  halted  and  took  account  of  his  company  ;  there  were 
three  hundred  lances,  all  with  streamers,  beside  foot  soldiers. 
Toemadti    And  hc  Said  unto  them,  Now  take  and  eat,  for  we  must  pass 
I^fg"^^^'  this  great  and  wild  Sierra,  that  we  may  quit  the  land  of  King 
^ap.Va^'^'  Alfonso  this  night.     To-morrow  he  who  seeks  us  may  find  us. 
/,  sji.  '""  So  they  passed  the  Sierra  that  night. 


^>' 


HERE  BEGIXNETH  THE  FOURTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.    Now  hath  my  Cid  left  the  kingdom  of  King  Don  Alfonso,  BOOK 
and  entered  the  country  of  the  Moors.     And  at  da3'-break  they   ,..^-v^ 
were  near  the  brow  of  the  Sierra,  and  they  halted  there  upon  the  "Ztl^'^ 
top  of  the  mountains,  and  gave  barley  to  their  horses,  and  re-  c^njL 
mained   there  until  evening.     And  they  set  fonvard  when  the 
evening  had  closed,   that  none  might  see  them,  and  continued 
their  way  all  night,  and  before  dawn  they  came  near  to  Castrejon, 
Avhich  is  upon  the  Henares.     And  Alvar  Faiiez  said  unto  the 
Cid,  that  he  would  take  with  him  two  hundred  horsemen,  and 
scour  the  country  as  far  as  Fita  and  Guadalajara  and  Alcala, 
and  lay  hands  on  whatever  he  could  find,  without  fear  either  of 
King  Alfonso  or  of  the  Moors.     And  he  counselled  him  to  re- 
main in  ambush  where  he  was,  and  surprize  the  castle  of  Cas- 
trejon :  and  it  seemed  good  unto  my  Cid.     A^vay  Avent  Alvar  < 
Fancz,  and  Alvar  Alvarez  with  him,  and  Alvar  Salvadores,  and 
Galin  Garcia,  and  the  tAvo  hundred  horsemen;    and  the  Cid 


IQg  CHRONICLE    OF   THE   CID, 

BOOK  remained  in  ambush  with  the  rest  of  his  compan3\    And  as  soon 

v.^^v>«»    as  it  Avas  morning,  tlie  Moors  of  Castrejon,  knowing  nothing  of 

these  who  were  so  near  them,  opened  the  castle  gates,  and  went 

out  to  their  work  as  they  were  wont  to  do.     And  the  Cid  rose 

from  ambush  and  fell  upon  them,  and  took  all  their  flocks,  and 

made  straight  for  the  gates,  pursuing  them.     And  there  was  a 

cry  Avithin  the  castle  that  the  Christians  were  upon  them,  and 

they  who  Avere  Avithin  ran  to  the  gates  to  defend  them,   i3ut  my 

PMmi  dti    Cid  came  up  SAVord  in  hand ;  elcA^en  Moors  did  he  slay  Avith  his 

479.  OAvn  hand,  and  they  forsook  the  gate  and  fled  before  him  ta 

ChT.delCid.   ,  .  ,        ,  .   ,  .  .  .       ° 

cap. 04.      hide  themseh-es  Avithm,  so  that  he  Avon  the  castle  presently,  and 

Chr.  Gen.  ,  '  1  ./  ' 

f.  225.       took  gold  and  sih^er,  and  Avhatever  else  he  Avould. 

HmotheCid      II.     Alvar  Faiiez  meantime  scoured  the  country  along  the 

told  his  _        ''  ° 

spoil  to  the    Henares  as  far  as  Alcala,  and  he  returned  drivino;  flocks  and 

Moors.  '  o 

herds  before  him,  Avith  gi-eat  stores  of  Avearing  apparel,  and  of 
other  plunder.  He  came  AAith  the  banner  of  Minaya,  and  there 
Avere  none  Avho  dared  fall  upon  his  rear.  And  when  the  Cid 
kncAV  that  he  was  nigh  at  hand  he  Avent  out  to  meet  him,  and 
praised  him  greatly  for  Avhat  he  had  done,  and  gaA^e  thanks  to 
God.  And  he  gaA^e  order  that  all  the  spoils  should  be  heaped 
together,  both  AAdiat  Ah^ar  Fanez  had  brought,  and  Avhat  had 
been  taken  in  the  castle;  and  he  said  to  him,  Brother,  of  all  this 
Avhich  God  hath  given  us,  take  you  the  fifth,  for  you  well  deserAC 
it ;  but  Minaj^a  Avould  not,  saying,  You  have  need  of  it  for  our 
support.  And  the  Cid  divided  the  spoil  among  the  knights  and 
foot-soldiers,  to  each  his  due  portion  ;  to  every  horseman  a  hun- 
dred marks  of  silver,  and  half  as  much  to  the  foot-soldiers :  and 
because  he  could  find  none  to  Avhom  to  sell  his  fifth,  he  spake 
to  the  Moors  of  Castrejon,  and  sent  to  those  of  Fita  and  Gua- 
dalajara, telling  them  that  they  might  come  safely  to  purchase 
the  spoil,  and  the  prisoners  also  Avhom  he  had  taken,  both  men- 
prisoners  and  Avomen,  for  he  Avould  have  none  Avith  him.     And 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ]Qg 

they  came,  and  valued  the  spoil  and  the  prisoners,  and  gave  for  BOOK 
them  three  thousand  marks  of  silver,   Avhich  they  paid  Avithin   ^^v^ 
three  da^'s  :  they  bought  also  much  of  the  spoil  Avhich  had  been 
divided,  making  great  gain,  so  that  all  Avho  were  in  my  Cid's  poemadei 
company  were  full  rich.     And  the  heart  of  my  Cid  was  joyous,  isi? 
and  he  sent  to  Kins;  Don  Alfonso,  telling  him  that  he  and  liis  cap'.gt. 
companions  would  yet  do  him  senice  upon  the  Moors.  /"s. 

III.     Then  my  Cid   assembled  together  his  good  men  and  How  the  ad 

went  af^aiust 

said  unto  them,  Friends,  we  cannot  take  up  our  abode  in  this  ^ncocer. 
Castle,  for  there  is  no  water  in  it,  and  moreover  the  King  is  at 
peace  with  these  IVloors,  and  I  know  that  the  treaty  between 
them  hath  been  wTitten ;  so  that  if  we  should  abide  here  he 
would  come  against  us  with  all  his  power,  and  with  all  the  power 
of  the  jMoors,  and  we  could  not  stand  against  him.  If  there- 
fore it  seem  good  unto  you,  let  us  leave  the  rest  of  our  pri- 
soners here,  for  it  does  not  beseem  us  to  take  any  Avith  us,  but 
to  be  as  fi'ee  from  all  encumbrance  as  may  be,  like  men  Avho 
are  to  live  by  Avar,  and  to  help  ourseh'es  Avith  our  arms.  And 
it  pleased  them  Avell  that  it  should  be  so.  And  he  said  to  them. 
Ye  have  all  had  your  shares,  neither  is  there  any  thing  OAving  to 
any  one  among  ye.  Noav  then  let  us  be  ready  to  take  horse 
betimes  on  the  mon-OAV,  for  I  Avould  not  fight  against  my  Lord^ 
the  King.  So  on  the  mon'OAV  they  Avent  to  horse  and  departed, 
being  rich  Avith  the  spoils  Avhich  they  had  Avon :  and  they  left 
the  Castle  to  the  Moors,  Avho  remained  blessing  them  for  this 
bounty  AA-hich  they  had  received  at  theh  hands.  Then  my  Cid 
and  his  company  Avent  up  the  Henares  as  fast  as  they  could  go, 
and  they  passed  by  the  Alcarias  %  and  by  the  caves  of  Anquita, 


'  Alcarla  signifies  a  cottage.  The  word  however  is  used  in  the  Poem  as 
the  name  of  a  place,  as  we  should  speak  of  a  few  dwelling  houses  standing  toge- 
ther in  an  open  country. 


l;[0  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  through  the  waters,  and  they  entered  the  plain  of  Torancio, 

,,J^^   and  halted  between   Fariza  and  Cetina:  great  Avere   the  spoils 

which  they  collected  as  they  went  along.     And  on  the  morrow 

they  passed  Alfania,  and  leaving  the  Gorge  below  them  they 

passed  ]3obicrca,  and  Teca  which  is  beyond  it,  and  came  against 

Alcocer.     There  my  Cid  pitched  his  tents  upon  a  rovmd  hill, 

A\hich  was  a  great  hill  and  a  strong;   and  the  river  Salon  ran 

near  them,  so  that  the  water  could  not  be  cut  off.     My  Cid 

poema  del    tliouglit   to  tukc  Alcoccr :    so   he   pitched    his    tents  securely, 

sn'!"'  '     having  the  Sierra  on  one  side,  and  the  river  on  the  other,    and 

cap'gb.      he  made  all  his  people  dig  a  trench,  tliat  they  might  not  be 

Chr.  Gen.  •    i  i  i  i  •     i 

/■  226.       alarmed,  neitrier  by  day  nor  by  night. 

ofthetaking  IV.  Whcnmy  Cid  had  thus  encamped,  he  went  to  look  at 
tlie  Alcazar,  and  see  if  he  could  by  any  means  enter  it.  And 
tlie  Moors  offered  tribute  to  him  if  tie  would  leave  them  in 
peace  ;  but  this  he  would  not  do,  and  he  lay  before  the  toAvn. 
And  news  Avent  through  all  the  land  that  the  Cid  Avas  come 
among  them,  and  they  of  Calatayud  Avere  in  fear.  And  my  Cid 
lay  before  Alcocer  fifteen  Avecks  ;  and  Avhen  he  saAV  that  the 
town  did  not  surrender,  he  ordered  his  people  to  break  up  their 
camp,  as  if  they  Avere  tiding,  and  they  left  one  of  their  tents  be- 
hind them,  and  took  their  Avay  along  the  Salon,  Avith  their 
banners  spread.  And  Avhen  the  Moors  saAV  this  they  rejoiced 
greatly,  and  there  Avas  a  great  stir  among  them,  and  they 
praised  themselves  for  Avhat  they  had  done  in  Avithstanding  him, 
and  said,  that  the  Cid's  bread  and  barley  had  failed  him,  and 
he  had  fled  aAvay,  and  left  one  of  his  tents  behind  him.  And 
they  said  among  themselves,  Let  us  pursue  them  and  spoil  them, 
for  if  Ihcy  of  Teruel  should  be  before  us  the  honour  and  the 
profit  Avill  be  theirs,  and  Ave  shall  have  nothing.  And  they  Avent 
out  after  him,  great  and  little,  leaving  the  gates  open  and  shout- 
ing as  they  Avent ;  and  there  Avas  not  left  in  the  tOAvn  a  man  Avho 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  m 

could  bear  arms.     And    when   my  Cid   saw   them   coming  he  BOOK 
gave  orders  to  (Quicken  their  speed,  as  if  he  was  in  fear,  and   v^^^ 
would  not  let  his  people  turn  till  the  Moors  were  far  enough 
from  the  town.   But  when  he  saw  that  there  was  a  good  distance 
between  them  and  the  gates,  then  he  bade  his  banner  turn,  and 
spurred  towards  them,  crying.  Lay  on,  knights,  by  God's  mercy 
the  spoil  is  our  own.     God !  what  a  good  joy  was  theirs  that 
morning !    My  Cid's  vassals  laid   on  without  mercy ; — in   one 
hour,  and  in  a  little  space,   three  hundred  Moors  were  slain, 
and  the  Cid  and  Alvar  Faiiez  had  good  horses,  and  got  between 
them  and  the  Castle,  and  stood  in  the  gateway  swokI  in  hand,^ 
and  there  was  a  great  mortality  among  the  ^Vloors ;  and  my  Cid 
won  the  place,  and  Pero  Bermudez  planted  his  banner  upon  the 
highest  point  of  the  Castle.     And  the  Cid  said.  Blessed  be  God 
and  all  his  Saints,  we  have  bettered  our  quarters  both  for  horses 
and  men.     And  he  said  to  Alvar  Fanez  and  all  his    knights,. 
Hear  me,  we  shall  get  nothing  by  killing  these  Moors  ;• — let  us. 
take  them  and  they  shall  shoAv  us  their  treasures  Avliich  they  have  p,,^,^^  ^,^^ 
hidden  in  their  houses,  and  we  Avill  dwell  here  and  they  shall  esl"^^^" 
serve  us.     In  this,  manner  did  my  Cid  win  Alcocer,  and  take  up  cap'.tt'^"'' 

1   .  I        1       J 1  •  Chr.  Gen. 

his  abode  therem.  /.  226. 

V.     Much  did  this  trouble  the  IMoors  of  Teca,  and  it  did  How  the 
not   please  those  of  Teruel,  nor  of  Calatayud.     And  they  sent  kndusent 

.  1-1  ordeys  to 

to  the  Kinoj  of  Valencia  to  tell  Inm  that  one  who  Avas  called  "■'^^ "'« c.v 
Ruydiez  the  Cid,  whom  King  Don  Alfonso  had  banished,  was 
come  into  their  country,  and  had  taken  Alcocer ;  and  if  a  stop 
were  not  put  to  him,  the  King  might  look  upon  Teca  and 
Teruel  and  Calatayud  as  lost,  for  nothing  could  stand  against 
him,  and  he  had  plundered  the  whole  country,  along  the  Salon 
on  the  one  side,  and  the  Siloca  on  the  other.  When  the  King 
of  Valencia,  whose  name  was  Alcamin  heard  this,  he  was  greatly 
troubled.     And  incontinently  he  spake  unto  two  Moorish  Kings 


JJ2  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  who  were  his  vassals,  bidding  them  take  three  thousand  horsc- 

.^^^  men,  and  all  the  men  of  the  border,  and  bring  the  Cid  to  him 

cuu^ots-  alive,  that  he  might  make  atonement  to  him  for  having  entered 

chr.deicui.  his  land. 

chr.  Gen.        VI.     Fariz  and  Galve  were  the  names  of  these  two  Moorish 

ff.  227. 

How  the  Cid  Kings,  and  they  set  out  with  the  companies  of  King  Alcamm 

fnMcocer.^  fi'om  Valencia,  and  halted  the  fust  night  in  Segorve,  and  the 
second  night  at  Celfa  de  Canal.  And  they  sent  their  raessen- 
ffers  throush  the  land  to  all  the  Councils  thereof,  ordering  all 
men  at  arms,  as  well  horsemen  as  footmen,  to  join  them,  and 
the  third  night  they  halted  at  Calatayud,  and  great  numbers 
joined  them  ;  and  they  came  up  against  Alcocer,  and  pitched 
their  tents  round  about  the  Castle.  Every  day  their  host  in- 
creased, for  their  people  were  many  in  number,  and  their  watch- 
men kept  watch  day  and  night ;  and  my  Cid  had  no  succour 
to  look  for  except  the  mercy  of  God,  in  which  he  put  his  trust. 
And  the  Moors  beset  them  so  close  that  they  cut  off  their 
water,  and  albeit  the  Castillians  would  have  sallied  against 
them,  my  Cid  forbade  this.  In  this  guise  Avere  my  Cid  and 
his  people  besieged  for  three  weeks,  and  when  the  fourth 
week  began,  he  called  for  Alvar  Fanez,  and  for  his  company, 
and  said  unto  them,  Ye  see  that  the  Moors  have  cut  off"  our 
water,  and  we  have  but  little  bread ;  they  gather  numbers  day 
by  day,  and  we  become  weak,  and  they  are  in  their  own  coun- 
try. If  we  would  depart  they  would  not  let  us,  and  we  can- 
not go  out  by  night  because  they  have  beset  vis  round  about 
on  all  sides,  and  Ave  cannot  pass  on  high  through  the  air,  neither 
through  the  earth  Avhich  is  underneath.  Now  then  if  it  please 
you  let  us  go  out  and  fight  with  them,  though  they  are  many  in 
nimibcr,  and  either  defeat  them  or  die  an  honourable  death. 

iiou'thecid      VII.     Then  Minaya  answered  and   said.  We  have  left  the 

we  i'.  out  to  -  1    •    1  1  •    1         1 

guxth.m     gentle  land  of  Castillc,  and  arc  come  hither  as  banished  men. 


Poe, 

mi   del 

Cid. 

u.Cil — 

67A, 

Ckv. 

deiCid. 

cap. 

ys. 

Chr. 

Gen. 

ff  "?• 

RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jj^ 

and  if  we  do  not  beat  the  Moors  they  will  not  give  us  food.  BOOK 
Now  though  we  are  but  few,  yet  are  we  of  a  good  stock,  and    .J^ 
of  one  heart  and  one  will;  by  God's  help  let  us  go  out  and  smite 
them  to-morroAv,  early  in  the  morning,  and  you  Avho  are  not 
in  a  state  of  penitence,  go  and  shrieve  yourselves  and  repent  ye 
of  your  sins.     And  they  all  held  that  what  Alvar  Fanez  had 
said  was  good.     And  my  Cid  answered,  Minaya,  you  have  spo- 
ken as  you  should  do.     Then  ordered  he  all  the  Moors,  both 
men  and  women,  to  be  thmst  out  of  the  town,  that  it  mio-ht  not 
be  known  what  they  Avere  preparing  to  do  ;  and  the  rest  of  that 
day  and  the  night  also  they  passed  in  making  ready  for  the 
battle.     And  on  the  morrow  at  sun  rise  the  Cid  gave  his  banner 
to  Pero  Bermudez,  and  bade  him  bear  it  boldly  like  a  good 
man  as  he  was,  but  he  charged  him  not  to  thrust  forward  with 
it  Avithout  his  bidding.     And  Pero  Bermudez   kissed  his  hand, 
being  Avell  pleased.     Then  leaving  only  tAvo  foot  soldiers  to  keep 
the  gates,  they  issued  out ;    and  the  Moorish  scouts  saAv  them 
and  hastened  to  the  camp.     Then  AA^as  there  such  a  noise  of 
tamboiu-s   as    if  the  earth  Avould  have  been  broken,   and   the 
Moors  armed  themselves  in  great  haste.      Two  royal  baimers 
Avere  there,  and  fiA^e  city  ones,  and  they  drcAv  up  their  men  Por,„„det 
in  tAvo  great  bodies,    and  moved  on,    thinking  to  take  my  Cid  n't/ "'"■ 
and  all  his  company  alive;   and  my  Cid  bade  his- men  remain  ^,[.98. 99.' 
still  and  not  move  till  he  should  bid  them.  ff'^v"'' 

VIII.  Pero  Bermudez  could  not  bear  this,  but  holding  the  //„,„Pe™ 
Ijanner  in  his  hand,  he  cried,  God  help  you,  Cid  Campeador;  I  far"uftL 
shall  put  your  banner  in  the  middle  of  that  main  body  ;  and  you  1^"^^^"/ 
Avho  are  bound  to  stand  by  it — I  shall  see  Iioav  you  will  succour  it. 
And  he  began  to  prick  foEAvard.  And  the  Campeador  called 
unto  him  to  stop  as  he  loved  him,  but  Pero  Bernuulcz  replied 
he  Avould  stop  for  nothing,  and  aAvay  he  spun-ed  and  carried 
his  banner   into  the  middle  of  the  great  body    of  the  Moors. 

Q 


the  Jloots. 


114  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  And  the  Moors  fell  upon  him  that  they  might  Avin  the  banner, 
V— y^   and   beset  him  on  all  sides,  giving  him  many  and  great  bloAvs 
to  beat  him  down ;  nevertheless  his  arms  were  proof,  and  they 
could  not  pierce  them,  neither  could  they  beat  him  down,   nor 
force  the  banner  from  him,  for  he  was  a  right  brave  man  and  a 
strong,  and  a  good  horseman,  and  of  great  heart.     And  Avhen 
the  Cid  saw  him  thus  beset  he  called  to  his  people  to  move  on 
and   help    him.     Then   placed  they    their    shields   before  their 
hearts,  and  lowered  their  lances  with  the  streamers  thereon,  and 
bending  forward,  rode  on.     Three  hundred  lances  were  they, 
each  with  its  pendant,  and  every  man  at  the  first  charge  slew 
his  Moor.    Smite  them,  knights,  for  the  love  of  charity,  cried  the 
Campeador.    I  am  Ruydiez,   the  Cid  of  Bivar !  Many  a  shield 
was  pierced  that  day,  and  many  a   folse  corselet  Avas   broken, 
and  many  a  Avhite  streamer  dyed  Avith  blood,  and  many  a  horse 
left   Avithout   a    rider.     The  MisbelicA-ers  called  on    Mahomet, 
and  the  Christians  on  Santiago,  and  the  noise  of  the  tambours 
and  of  the  trumpets,  was  so   great  that  none  could  hear  his 
neighbour.      And  my   Cid    and  his  company  succoured  Pero 
Bermudez,  and  they  rode  through  the  host  of  the  Moors,  slay- 
ing as  they  Avent,  and  they  rode  back  again  in  like  manner ; 
thirteen  hundred    did  they    kill  in  this  guise.     If  you   Avould 
knoAv  who  they  were,  who  Avere  the  good  men  of  that  day,  it 
behoves  me  to  tell  you,  for  though  they  are  departed,  it  is  not 
fitting  that  the  names  of  those  who  have  done  Avell  should  die,  nor 
would  they  Avho  haA^e  done  Avell  themselves,  or  Avho  hope  so  to 
do,  think  it  right ;  for  good  men  Avould  not  be  so  bound  to  do 
Avell  if  their  good  feats  should  be  kept  silent.     There  Avas  my 
Cid,    the  good  man  in  battle,  who  fought  Avell  upon  his  gilt 
saddle ;  and  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya,  and  Martin  Antolinez  the 
Burgalese  of  proAvess,  and  Muno  Gustios,  and  Martin  Munoz 
AA'^ho  held  Montemayor,  and  Alvar  Alvarez,  and  *Alvar  Salva- 


RODRICO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J 15 

dores,  and  Galiii   Garcia  the   o-ood   one  of  Araaion,  and  Felez  BOOK 
IVIunoz  the  nephew    of  the   Campeador.      AVherever   my    Cid   v,>-v>-y 
went,  the    Moors  made  a  path  before  him,  for  he  smote  them 
down  without  mercy.      And  while  the  battle  still  continued,  the 
Moors  killed  the  horse  of  Alvar  Fanez,  and  his  lance  was  broken, 
and  he   fought  bravely  with   his  sword  afoot.     And    my   Cid, 
seeing  him,   came  up  to  an  Alguazil  who  rode    upon  a  good 
horse,   and   smote    him   Avith   his   sword   under  the  right  arm,  poimadd 
so  that  he   cut   him   through  and   through,   and    he   gave    the  763.''^' 
horse  to  Alvar  Fanez,  saying.  Mount,  Mina^'a,  for  you  are  my  eap'.gg.  "' 

'      f"".  Gen. 

right  hand.  /-^as- 

IX.    AVhen  Alvar  Fanez  Avas  thus  remounted,  they  fell  upon  c^'thegreat 

victory  won 

the    Moors   again,   and  by  this  time  the  Moors  Avere  gi'eatly  bythiad. 
disheartened,  having  suffered  so   great  loss,  and  they  began  to 
give    Avay.     And   my  Cid,  seeing   King    Fariz,  made    toAvards 
him,  smiting  doAvn  all  Avho  Avere  in  his  Avay ;  and  he  came  up 
to  him,  and  made  three  bloAvs  at  him ;    two  of  them    failed, 
but  the  third  Avas  a  good  one,  and  Avent  through  his   cuirass, 
so  that  the  blood  ran  doAvn  his  legs^    And  Avith  that  bloAv  Avas 
the  army  of  the  Moors  vanquished,  for  King  Fariz,  feeling  him- 
self so  sorely   Avounded,   turned   his  reins  and  fled   out  of  the 
field,  even  to  Teruel.     And  jNIartin   Antolinez  the  good   Bur- 
galese  came  up  to   King  Galve,    and  gave  him    a    stroke  on 
the  head,  Avhich  scattered  all  the  carbuncles  out  of  his  helmet, 
and  cut  through  it  even  to  the  skin ;  and  the  Kine  did  not  Avait 
for  another  such,  and  he  fled  also.     A  good  day  Avas  that  for 
Christendom,   for  the  Moors  fled  on  all  sides.     King  Fariz  got 
into  Teruel,  and  King  Galve  fled  after  him,   but  they  Avould 
not  receive  him  Avithin  the  gates,  and  he  Avent  on  to  Calatayud. 
And    the  Christians   pursued   them   even   to   Calatayud.     And 
Ahar  Fanez  had  a  good  horse  ;    four  and  thirty  did    he  slay 
in  that  pursuit  Avith  the   edge  of  his  keen  SAVord,  and  his  arm 


J2(3  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  was  all  red,  and  the   blood  dropt  from    his  elbow.      And   as 
^J.^^  he  Avas  returning  from  the  spoil  he  said,  Now  am  I  well  pleased, 
for  good  tidings  will  go  to  Castille,  how  my  Cid  has  won  a  bat- 
tle in  the  field.     My  Cid  also  turned  back  ;  his  coif  was  wrink- 
led, and  you  might  see  his  full  beard  ;  the  hood  of  his  mail  hung 
down  upon  his  shoulders,   and  the  sword  was  still  in   his  hand. 
lie  saw  his  people  returning  from  the  pursuit,  and  that  of  all  his 
company  fifteen  only  of  the  lower  sort  were  slain,  and  he  gave 
thanks  to  God  for  this    victory.     Then  they  fell  to   the  spoil, 
and  they  found  arms  in  abundance,  and  great  store  of  v.ealth ; 
and  five  hundred  and  ten  horses.      And  he  divided  the  spoil, 
giving  to  each  man  his  fair  portion,  and  the  Moors  whom  they 
Poemndd    ^^^  P^^  0"^  of  Alcoccr  bcforc  the  battle,    they  now  received 
8u."^*     again  into  the  castle,  and  gave  to  them  also  a  part  of  the  booty, 
^ap.ito.'^'  SO  that  all  were  well  content.      And  my    Cid   had  great  joy 

Chr.  Gen.  ....  . 

J.  228.       With  his  vassals. 

Howthecid      X.     Then  the  Cid  called  unto  Alvar  Fanez  and  said.  Cousin, 

taittoKing  you  are  my  right  hand,  and  I  hold  it  good  that  you  should 

DonAlj'onso.  .,'" 

take  of  my  fifth  as  mu«h  as  3'ou  will,  for  all  would  be  Avell  be- 
stowed upon  you  ;  but  JNIinaya  thanked  Itim,  and  said,  that  he 
would  take  nothing  more  than  his  share.  And  the  Cid  said  inito 
him,  I  will  send  King  Don  Alfonso  a  present  from  my  part  of  the 
spoils.  You  shall  go  into  Castille,  and  take  with  you  thirty 
horses,  the  best  Avhich  were  taken  from  the  Moors,  all  bridled 
and  saddled,  and  each  having  a  sword  hanging  from  the  saddle- 
bow ;  and  yovL  shall  give  them  to  the  King,  and  kiss  his  hand 
for  me,  and  tell  him  that  we  know  how  to  make  our  Ava^-  among 
the  Mooi*s.  And  you  shall  take  also  this  bag  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver, and  purchase  for  me  a  thousand  masses  in .  St.  Mary's 
at  Burgos,  and  hang  up  there  these  banners  of  the  JMoorish 
Kings  whom  we  have  overcome.  Go  then  to  St.  Pedro's  at 
Cardena,  and  salute  my  wife  Doiia  Ximcna,  and  my  daughters. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jjy 

and  tell  them  how  mcU  I  go  on,  and  that  if  I  live  1   will  make  BOOK 
them  rich  vomcn.     And  salute  for  me  the  Abbot  ])on  SiiHcho,   v.^-vn-' 
and  give  him  fifty  marks  of  silver ;  and  the  rest  of  the  money, 
Avhatever  shall  be  left,   give    to   ni}'    wife,    and    bid    them   all 
pray  for  me.    jVIoreover  the  Cid  said  unto  him.  This  country  is  p„,„ad(i 
all    spoiled,   and  we    have   to    help  ourselves    with   sv.ord  and  g^'^.'*'* 
spear.     You  are  going  to  gentle  Castille  ;  if  when  you  return  „p?ioi.' 
you  should  not  find  us  here,  you  will  hear  where  avc  arc.  f-ias.'" 

XI.     Alvar  Faiiez  went  his  way   to  Castiile,  and   he  found  hok  Ahar 
tlie    King  in  Aalladolid,  and  he   presented   to  him   the  thirty  ^nudthe 

•1111-  •  1  1  1         •    1         -1  horta  to  the 

horses,  with  all  their  trappings,  and  sAvords  mounted  witli  silver  k^s- 
hanging  from  the  saddle-bows.  And  when  the  King  saw  them, 
before  iVlvar  Fanez  could  dehvcr  his  bidding,  he  said  unto  him, 
Minaya,  Avho  sends  me  this  goodly  present ;  and  Minaya  an- 
swerd,  J\[y  Cid  Ruydiez,  the  Canipeador,  sends  it,  and  kisses 
by  me  your  hands.  For  since  you  were  Avroth  against  him,  and 
banished  him  from  the  land,  he  being  a  man  disherited,  hath 
helped  himself  with  his  own  hands,  and  huth  won  from  the 
]\Joors  the  Castle  of  Alcocer.  And  the  Kir.o-  of  V' alencia  sent 
two  Kings  to  besiege  him  there,  M'ith  all  his  power,  and  they 
beoirt  him  round  about,  and  cut  off  tl.e  water  and  bread  from  us 
so  that  we  could  not  subsist  And  then  holding  it  better  to 
die  like  good  men  in  the  field,  than  shut  up  like  bad  ones,  we 
went  out  against  them,  and  fought  with  them  in  the  open  field, 
and  smote  them  and  j)ut  them  to  flight ;  and  both  the  Moorish 
Kings  were  sorely  wounded,  and  many  of  the  ISloors  were 
slain,  and  many  were  taken  prisoners,  and  great  was  the  spoil 
■which  we  won  in  the  field,  both  of  captives  and  of  horses  and 
arms,  gold  and  silver  and  pearls,  so  that  all  who  are  with  him 
are  rich  men.  And  of  his  fifth  of  the  horses  which  were  taken 
tliat  day,  my  Cid  hath  sent  you  these,  as  to  his  natural  Lord, 
whose  favour  he  desire th.     I  beseech  you,  as  God  shall  help 


118 


CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CID, 


BOOK  you,  sliow  favour  uuto  him.     Then  King  Don  Alfonso  answcr- 
».Jv-0   ed,  This  is  betimes  in  the  morning  for  a  banished  man   to  ask 
favour  of  his  Lord  ;   nor  is  it  befitting  a  King,   for  no   Lord 
ought  to  be  wroth  for  so  short  a  time.     Nevertheless,  because 
the  horses  were  won  from   the  Moors,  I  will  take  them,  and  re- 
joice that  my  Cid  hath  sped  so  well.     And  I  pardon  you,  Mi- 
naya,  and  give  again  unto  you  all  the  lands  which  you  have 
ever  held  of  me,  and  you  have  my  favour  to  go  when  you  Avill, 
and  come  when  you  will.    Of  the  Cid  Campeador,  I  shall  say  no- 
thing now,  save  only  that  all  who  chuse  to  follow  him  may  freely 
go,  and  their  bodies  and  goods  and  heritages  are  safe.    And  Mi- 
naya  said,  God  grant  you  many  and  happy  years  for  liis  service. 
Now  I  beseech  you,  this  Avhich  you  have  done  for  me,  do  also  to 
all  those  Avho  are  in  my  Cid's  company,  and  show  favour  unto 
Poimadei    thcm  also,  that  their  possessions  may  be  restored  unto  them. 
B04.     '     And  the  Kine  gave  order  that  it  should  be  so.     Then  Minaya 
cap.  103.     kissed  the  King  s  hand  and  said,  oir,  3'ou  have  done  this  now, 

Chr.  Gen. 

f-  "9-       and  you  will  do  the  rest  hereafter. 

How  the  Cid  XII.  My  Cid  remained  awhile  in  Alcocer,  and  the  Moors 
froTAico.  of  the  border  waited  to  see  Avhat  he  Avould  do.  And  in  this 
time  King  Fariz  got  well  of  his  wound,  and  my  Cid  sent  to  him 
and  to  the  Moors,  saying,  that  if  they  would  give  him  three 
thousand  marks  of  silver,  he  Avould  leave  Alcocer  and  go  else- 
where. And  King  Fariz  and  the  Moors  of  Techa,  and  of  Teruel, 
and  of  Calatayud,  Avere  right  glad  of  this,  and  the  covenant  Avas 
put  in  Avriting,  and  they  sent  him  the  three  thousand  marks. 
And  my  Cid  divided  it  among  his  company,  and  he  made  them 
all  rich,  both  knights  and  esquires  and  footmen,  so  that  they 
said  to  one  another,  He  who  serves  a  good  Lord,  happy  man  is 
his  dole.  But  the  Moors  of  Alcocer  were  full  soiTy  to  see  him 
depart,  because  he  had  been  to  them  a  kind  master  and  a 
bountiful ;  and  they  said  unto  him,  Wherever  you  go,  Cid,  our 


cer. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


119 

prayers  will  go  before  you  :  and  they  wept  both  men  and  women  BOOK 
when  my  Cid  went  his  way.     So   the   Campeador  raised  his 


banner  and  departed,  and  he  went  down  the  Salon,  and  crossed 
it ;  and  as  he  crossed  the  river  they  saw  good  birds,  and  signs  of 
good  fortune.     And  the}'  of  Za  and   of  Calatayud  were  well 
pleased,  because  he  went  from  them.     My  Cid  rode  on  till  he 
came    to   the   knoll  above  Monte-Real ;    it  is  a  high  hill  and 
strong,  and  there  he  pitched  his  tents,  being  safe  on  all  sides. 
And  from  thence  he  did  much  harm  to  the  Moors  of  Medina 
and  of  the  country  round  about;   and  he   made  Daroca  pay 
tribute,  and  Molina  also,  which  is  on  the  other  side,  and  Teruel  p^^^  ^^j 
also,  and  Celfa  de  Canal,  and  all  the  country  along  the  river  878. '' '^*' 
Martin.     And  the  news  went  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  it  cap.  loi.' ' 
neither  pleased  the  King  nor  his  people.    -  /.  229."' 

XIII.  Ever  after  was  that  knoll  called  the  Knoll  of  the  HmtheCid. 
Cid.  And  when  the  perfect  one  had  waited  a  long  time  iox  atzaragna. 
Mina3'a  and  saw  that  he  did  not  come,  he  removed  by  night, 
and  passed  by  Teruel  and  pitched  his  camp  in  the  pine-forest  of 
Tebar.  And  from  thence  he  infested  the  INIoors  of  Zaragoza, 
insomuch  that  they  held  it  best  to  give  him  gold  and  silver  and 
pay  him  tribute.  And  when  this  covenant  had  been  made,  Almu- 
dafar,  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  became  greatly  his  friend,  and 
received  him  full  honourably  into  the  town.  In  three  weeks 
time  after  this  came  Alvar  Faiiez  from  Castille.  Two  hundred 
men  of  lineage  came  with  him,  every  one  of  whom  wore  sword 
girt  to  his  side,  and  the  foot-soldiers  in  their  company  were  out 
of  number.  When  my  Cid  saw  Minaya  he  rode  up  to  him,  and 
embraced  him  Avithout  speaking,  and  kissed  his  mouth  and  the 
eyes  in  his  head.  And  Minaya  told  him  all  that  he  had  done. 
And  the  face  of  the  Campeador  brightened,  and  he  gave  thanks 
to  God  and  said,  It  will  go  well  with  me,  Minaya,  as  long  as 
you  live!    God,  how  Joyful  was  that  whole  host  because  Alvar 


Poema  dti 
Cid.  V.  915. 

041. 

Chr.delCid. 
cap.  104. 
Chr.  Gen, 


]20  CHRONICLE    or   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Fanez  was  returned!  for  lie  i^rouglit  thorn  greetings  from  their 
^^  kinsAvonicn  and  their  brethnMi,  and  tlie  fair  comrades  whom  they 
had  left  behind.     God,  how  joyful  was  my  Cid  with  the  tleecy 
beard,   that  Minaya  had  purchased  the  thousand  masses,    and 
had  brought  him  the  biddings  of  his  wife  and  daughters !  God, 
J.  230.       what  a  joyful  man  was  he ! 
How  the  Cid       XIV.     Now  it  came  to  pass  that  Avhile  my  Cid  was  in  Zara- 
eZntn/. '    goza  tlic  days  of  King  Almudafar  were  fulfilled  :  and  he  left  his 
two  sons  Znlema  and  Abenalfange,   and   they  divided  his  do- 
minions between  them  ;  and  Zulema  had  the  kingdom  of  Zara- 
goza,  and   Abenalfange  the  kingdom  of  Denia.     And  Zulema 
put  his  kingdom  under  my  Cid's  protection,  and  bade  all  his 
people  obey  him  even  as  they  would  himself.     Now  there  began 
to  be  great  enmity  between  the  two  brethren,  and  they  made 
war  upon  each  other.     And  King  Don  Pedro  of  Aragon,  and 
the  Count  Don  Ramon  Berenguer  of  Barcelona,  helped  Aben- 
«dfano-e,  and  they  were  enemies  to  the  Cid  because  he  defended 
Zulema.     And  my  Cid  chose  out  two  hundred  horsemen  and 
went  out  by  night,  and  fell  upon  the  lands  of  Alcaniz ;  and  he 
remained    out   three  days   in  this    inroad,   and   brought  away 
great  booty.    Great  was  the  talk  thereof  among  the  Moors  ;  and 
they  of  Monzon  and  of  Huesca  were  troubled,  but  they  of  Za- 
rao-oza  rejoiced,  because  they  paid  tribute  to  the  Cid,  and  were 
safe.    And  when  my  Cid  returned  to  Zaragoza  he  divided  the 
spoil  among  his  companions,  and  said  to  them.  Ye  know,  my 
friends,  that  for  all  who  live  by  their  arms,  as  we  do,  it  is  not 
wood  to  remain  long  in  one  place.     Let  us   be  off  again   to- 
morrow.    So  on  the  morrow  they  moved  to  the  Puerto  de  Alu- 
cant,  and  from  thence  they  infested  Huesca  and  Montalban. 
foemadei    Tcu  days  Avere  they  out  upon  this  inroad  ;  and  the  news  was 
yee/  ""■  sent  every  where  how  the  exile  from  Castille  Avas  handling  them, 
r.t??o5^''''  and  tidings  Avent  to  the  King  of  Denia  and  to   the  Count  of 
f'%o!"'    Jkircelona,  how  my  Cid  was  over-running  the  country. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  121 

XV.    AVlien  Don  Ramon  Bereng;uer  the  Count  of  Barcelona  BOOK> 

•  IV 

heard  this,  it  troubled  him  to  the  heart,  and  he  held  it  for  a  ..^v-L* 

great  dishonour,  because  that  part  of  the  land  of  the  Moors  was  iZionle- 

in  his  keepinsT.     And  he  spake  boastfully  saying.  Great  wrong  Z'^Ztakc 

1  f>     •         nway  his 

doth  that  Cid  of  Bivar  offer  unto  me;  he  smote  my  nephew-  in  spou/ror, 
my  own  court  and  never  would  make  amends  for  it,  and  now 
he  ravages  the  lands  which  are  in  my  keeping,  and  I  have  never 
defied  him  for  this  nor  renoimced  his  friendship ;  but  since  he 
goes  on  in  this  way  I  must  take  vengeance.  So  he  and  King 
Abenalfange  gathered  together  a  gi'cat  power  both  of  Moors  and 
Christians,  and  went  in  pursuit  of  the  Cid,  and  after  three  days 
and  two  nights  they  came  up  with  him  in  the  pine-forest  of 
Tebar,  and  they  came  on  confidently,  thinking  to  lay  hands  on 
him.  Now  my  Cid  Avas  returning  with  much  spoil,  and  had 
descended  from  the  Sierra  into  the  valley  when  tidings  were 
brought  him  that  Count  Don  Ramon  Bcrenguer  and  the  King 
of  Denia  were  at  hand,  with  a  great  power,  to  take  away 
his  booty,  and  take  or  slay  him.  And  Avhen  the  Cid  heard  this 
lie  sent  to  Don  Ramon  saying,  that  the  booty  which  he  had 
won  was  none  of  his,  and  bidding  him  let  him  go  on  his  way  in 
peace  :  but  tlie  Count  made  answer,  that  my  Cid  should  now 
learn  whom  he  had  dishonoured,  and  make  amends  once  for  all. 
Then  my  Cid  sent  the  booty  forward,  and  bade  his  kniohts 
make  ready.  They  are  coming  upon  us,  said  he,  with  a  great 
poAver  both  of  Aloors  and  Christians,  to  take  fi'oin  us  the  spoils 
which  we  have  so  hardly  won,  and  without  doing  battle  we 
cannot  be  quit  of  them ;  for  if  we  should  proceed  they  would 
follow  till  they  overtook  us :  theretbre  let  the  battle  be  here,  and 


'  Nothing  more  than  this  incidental  meHtion  of  this  circumstance  is  to  be 
found. 

K. 


12<2  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  I  trust  ill  God  that  avc  shall  win  more  honour,  and  something  to 
xj-y^  boot.  They  come  down  the  hill,  drest  in  their  hose,  with  their 
gay  saddles,  and  their  girths  wet ;  we  are  with  our  hose  covered 
and  on  our  Galician  saddles ; — a  hundred  such  as  we  ought  to 
beat  their  whole  company.  Before  they  get  upon  the  plain 
ground  let  us  give  them  the  points  of  our  lances  ;  for  one  whom 
cirfTgo?.  we  run  through,  three  Avill  jump  out  of  their  saddles;  and  Ra- 
chJ.deicid.  mon  Berenguer  will  then  see  Avhom  he  has  overtaken  to-day  in 


cap 


103. 


106.     '     the  pine-forest  of  Tebar,  thinking  to  despoil  him  of  the  booty 
/.  231.       Avhich  I  have  Avon  from  the  enemies  of  God  and  of  the  faith. 
ofihegreat       XVI.     Whllc  my  Cid  was  speaking,  his  knights  had  taken 
thecidto-    their  arms,  and  Avere  ready  on  horseback  for  the  charge.     Pre- 

tcard  Don 

RammBe-  seutlv  tlicy  saAv  the  pendants  of  the  Frenchmen  coming  doAvn 

rengutr.  ^  ^  i  o 

the  hill,  and  Avhen  they  Avere  nigh  the  bottom,  and  had  not  yet 
set  foot  upon  the  plain  ground,  my  Cid  bade  his  people  charge, 
which  they  did  Avith  a  right  good  Avill,  thrusting  their  spears  so 
stiffly,   that  by   God's   good   pleasure   not  a  man  Avhom   they 
encountered  but  lost  his    seat.      So  many  Avere  slain   and   so 
many  wounded,  that  the  Moors  Avere  dismayed  fortliAvith,  and 
began  to  fly.     The  Count's  people  stood   firm  a  little  longer, 
gathering   round    their  Lord ;    but   my   Cid  Avas    in   search  of 
him,   and  Avhen  he  saAv  Avhere  he  Avas,   he  made  up    to  him, 
clearing  the  Avay  as  he  went,  and  gave  him  such  a  stroke  Avith 
his  lance  that  he  felled  him  doAvn  to  the  ground.     When  the 
Frenchmen  saAv  their  Lord  in  this  plight  they  fled  aAvay  and  left 
liim  ;  and  the  pursuit  lasted  three  leagues,  and  Avouid  have  been 
continued  farther  if  the  conquerors  had  not  had  tired  horses. 
So  they  turned  back  and  collected  the  spoils,  Avhich  Avere  more 
than  they  could  carry  aAvay.     Thus  Avas  Count  Ramon  Beren- 
guer made  prisoner,  and  my  Cid  Avon  from  him  that  day  the 
good  SAvord   Colada,  Avhich  Avas  Avorth  more  than  a  thousand 
marks  of  silver.     That  night  did  my  Cid  and  his  men  make 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


ns 


nierrv,  rejoicing  over  their  gains.  And  the  Count  was  taken  to  BOOK 
my  Cid's  tent,  and  a  good  supper  was  set  before  him ;  never-  ^.^..^ 
theless  he  would  not  eat,  tliough  my  Cid  besought  him  so  to  do. 
And  on  the  morrow  my  Cid  ordered  a  feast  to  be  made,  that  he 
might  do  pleasure  to  the  Count,  but  the  Count  said  that  for  all 
Spain  he  would  not  cat  one  mouthful,  but  would  rather  die, 
since  he  had  been  beaten  in  battle  by  such  a  set  of  ragged  fel- 
lows ' .  And  Ruydiez  said  to  him,  Eat  and  drink.  Count,  of 
this  bread  and  of  this  v.ine,  for  this  is  the  chance  of  war ;  if  you 
do  as  I  say  you  shall  be  free ;  and  if  not  you  will  never  return 
again  into  vour  own  lands.  And  Don  Ramon  answered.  Eat 
you,  Don  Rodrigo,  for  your  fortune  is  fair  and  you  deserve  it ; 
take  you  your  pleasure,  but  leave  me  to  die.  And  in  this  mood 
he  continued  for  three  days,  refusing  all  food.  But  then  my  Cid 
said  to  him,  Tak<?.  food,  Count,  and  be  sure  that  I  will  set  you 
free,  you  and  any  two  of  your  knights,  and  give  you  Avherewith 
to  return  into  your  own  country  *.  And  Avhen  Don  Ramon  heard 


'  Tales  malcahados.     A  term  of  reproach,  not  unlike  Sam-culottes. 

•  Fr.  Francisco  Diago,  in  his  Historia  de  los  Ficforiosissimos  Antiguos  Condes 
de  Barcelona,  Barcelona,  1G03,  attempts  to  disprove  this  part  of  the  Cid's  history, 
by  showing  that  the  dates  cannot  possibly  be  accurate.  Lib.  2.  Cap.  Qtj.  He  was 
in  duty  bound  not  to  allow  that  any  of  the  I  ictoiiosissimos  had  been  taken  pri- 
soner. But  as  the  dates  in  old  chronicles  are  seldom  so  accurate  as  to  be  impli- 
citly rehed  on,  little  weight  is  to  be  laid  upon  any  trifling  inaccuracy  in  them. 
The  Annals  of  Santiago  (the  same  I  believe  which  Sandoval  often  refers  to  by 
the  name  of  the  Black  Book,  and  which  are  of  great  authority, — ctiyas  notlcias  se 
tieiien  por  seguras,  says  Berganza,)  affirm  the  fact.  So  does  the  Conde  Dom 
Pedro  in  his  Nobiliario,  P.  67  ;  though  this  adds  little  support  to  the  story,  not 
being  older  authority  than  the  Chronicles.  Zurita,  L.  1.  C.  22.  devotes  half  a 
chapter  to  show  the  discordance  of  historians  upon  this  subject;  but  he  quotes 
una  relacion  muy  antigua  de  los  successes  y  hazcmas  del  Cid  in  proof  of  it.     His 


124  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  this,  he  took  comfort  and  said,  If  you  will  indeed  do  this  thing 
^.^v-Li  I  shall  marvel  at  you  as  long  as  I  live.  Eat  then,  said  Ruj'diez, 
and  I  will  do  it :  but  mark  you,  of  the  spoil  which  Ave  have  taken 
from  you  I  will  give  you  nothing ;  for  to  that  you  have  no  claim 
neither  by  right  nor  custom,  and  besides  we  want  it  for  our- 
selves, being  banished  men,  who  must  live  by  taking  from  you 
and  from  others  as  long  as  it  shall  please  God.  Then  was  the 
Count  fidl  joyful,  being  well  pleased  that  what  should  be  given 
him  was  not  of  the  spoils  which  he  had  lost ;  and  he  called  for 
water  and  washed  his  hands,  and  chose  two  of  his  kinsmen  to  be 
set  free  with  him  ;  the  one  was  named  Don  Hugo,  and  the  other 
Guillen  Bernalto.  And  my  Cid  sate  at  the  table  with  them, 
and  said.  If  you  do  not  eat  Avell,  Count,  you  and  I  shall  not 
part  yet.  Never  since  he  Avas  Count  did  he  eat  Avith  Ijettcr  Avill 
than  that  day !  And  Avhen  they  had  done  he  said,  Noav,  Cid, 
if  it  be  your  pleasure  let  us  depart.  And  my  Cid  clothed  him 
and  his  kinsmen  Avell  Avith  goodly  skins  and  mantles,  and  gave 
them  each  a  goodly  palfrey,  Avith  rich  caparisons,  and  he  rode 
out  Avith  them  on  their  Avay.  And  when  he  took  leave  of  the 
Count  he  said  to  him,  Noav  go  freely,  and  I  thank  you  for  Avhat 
you  have  left  behind  ;  if  you  Avish  to  play  for  it  again  let  me 
knoAV,  and  you  shall  either  have  something  back  in  its  stead,  or 
leave  Avhat  you  bring  to  be  added  to  it.  The  Count  ansAvered, 
cw.Tioos.  ^^^'  y°^^  F^^  safely  noAV,  for  I  have  paid  you  and  all  your  com- 
cZ'^dcicid.  pany  for  this  tAvelvemonths,  and  shall  not  be  coming  to  see  you 
rj';/"*"  again  so  soon.  Then  Count  Ramon  pricked  on  more  than 
jraai.^'    apace,  and  many  times  looked  behind  him,  fearing  that  my  Cid 


own  opinion  seems  to  be  that  the  story  was  invented  by  the  ballad-makers.  The 
uniform  testimony  of  all  the  histories  of  the  Cid,  both  in  prose  and  verse,  sup- 
ported by  these  early  authorities,  seems  to  me  of  more  weight  than  the  silence  of 
the  Catalan  writers. 


RODRIGO  DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J25 

would  repent  what  he  had  done,  and  send  to  take  him  back  to  BOOK 
prison,  which  the  Perfect  one  would  not  have  done  for  the  v^.^-^ 
whole  world,  for  never  did  he  do  disloyal  thing. 

XVII.  Then  hoof  Bivar  returned  to  Zaragoza,  and  divided  the  }iou;theCid 
spoil,  which  was  so  great  that  none  of  his  men  knew  how  much  iand,of 

^  ^  ,  Borriana. 

they  had.  And  the  Moors  of  the  town  rejoiced  in  his  good  speed, 
liking  him  Avell,  because  he  protected  them  so  well  that  they 
were  safe  from  all  harm.  And  my  Cid  went  out  again  from 
Zaragoza,  and  rode  over  the  lands  of  Monzon  and  Hucrta  and 
Onda  and  Buenar.  And  King  Pedro  of  Aragon  came  out 
against  him,  but  my  Cid  took  the  Castle  of  Monzon  in  his  sight ; 
and  then  he  went  to  Tamarit :  and  one  day  as  he  rode  out  hunt- 
ing from  thence  with  twelve  of  his  knights,  he  fell  in  with  a 
hundred  and  fifty  of  the  King  of  Aragon's  people,  and  he  fought 
with  them  and  put  them  to  flight,  and  took  seven  knights  pri- 
soners, Avhom  he  let  go  freely.  Then  he  turned  towards  the  sea- 
coast,  and  won  Xerica  and  Onda  and  Almenar,  and  all  the  lands 
of  Borriana  and  Murvicdro;  and  they  in  Valencia  Avere  greatly  p„,„^^,i 
dismaved  because  of  the  sreat  feats  which  he  did  in  the  land,  nl',' '°'''" 


IIOo. 
Chr.deiad. 


And  when  he  had  plundered  all  that  country  he  retiu-ned  to  Ta-  ca'p'.  los 
marit,  where  Zulema  then  was.  /.  232.' 

XVIII.  Now  Zulema  had  sent  for  my  Cid,  and  the  cause  was  iiowAeCid 
this.     His  brother  the  King  of  Denia  had  taken  counsel  with  Km^Abe- 
Count  Ramon  Berenguer,   and  with  the  Count  of  Cardona,  and  Donitamon 

^  _  _  Berenguer. 

with  the  brother  of  the  Count  of  Urgel,  and  with  the  chiefs  of 
Balsadron  and  Remolin  and  Cartaxes,  that  they  should  besiege 
the  Castle  of  Almenar,.  wliich  my  Cid  had  refortified  by  com- 
mand of  King  Zulema.  And  they  came  up  against  it  while  my 
Cid  was  away,  besieging  the  Castle  of  Estrada,  which  is  in  the 
livers  Tiegio  and  Sege,  the  which  he  took  by  force.  And  they 
fought  against  it  and  cut  oft'  the  water.  And  when  my  Cid 
came  to  the  King  at  Tamarit,   the  King  asked  him  to  go  and 


J26  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  fiaht   with    the   host  which    besieoed   Ahiienar;    but   my    Cid 

IV  *  , 

...^^Y-w'    said  it  would  be  better  to  give  something  to  King  Abenalfange 

that  he  should  break  up  the  siege  and  depart ;  for  they  Avere 
too  great  a  power  to  do  battle  Avith,  being  as  many  in  number 
as  the  sands  on  the  sea  shore.  And  the  King  did  as  he  coun- 
selled him,  and  sent  to  his  brother  King  Abenalfange,  and  to 
the  chiefs  who  were  with  hun,  to  propose  this  accord,  and  they 
would  not.  Then  my  Cid,  seeing  that  they  would  not  depart 
for  fair  means,  amied  his  people,  and  fell  upon  them.  That 
was  a  hard  battle  and  well  fought  on  both  sides,  and  much 
blood  was  shed,  for  many  good  knights  on  either  party  were  in 
the  field;  howbeit  he  of  good  fortune  won  the  day  at  last,  he 
who  never  was  conquered.  King  Abenalfange  and  Count  Ra- 
mon and  most  of  the  others  fled,  and  my  Cid  followed,  smiting 
and  slaying  for  three  leagues  ;  and  many  good  Christian  knights 
were  made  prisoners.  Ruydiez  returned  with  great  honour 
and  much  spoil,  and  gave  all  his  prisoners  to  King  Zulema» 
who  kept  them  eight  days,  and  then  m}^  Cid  begged  their  liberty 
and  set  them  free.  And  he  and  the  King  returned  to  Zaragoza, 
and  the  people  came  out  to  meet  them,  with  great  joy,  and 
eup'.  log.  '  shouts  of  welcomc.     And  the  King  honoured  my  Cid  greatly, 

Chr.  Gen.  _  .     . 

/•  "2.       and  gave  him  power  in  all  his  dommions. 

ofthegreat       XVIII.     At  tliis    tiuic   it  camc  to  pass  that   Almofalez,  a 

iMchwas    Moor  of  Andalusia,  rose  up   with  the  Castle  of  Rueda,  which 

committed 

at  Rueda.  ^yas  licld  for  Kiug  Don  Alfonso.  And  because  he  held  prisoner 
there  the  brother  of  Adefir,  another  ]\Ioor,  Adefir  sent  to  the 
King  of  Castille,  beseeching  him  to  come  to  succour  him,  and 
recover  the  Castle.  And  the  King  sent  the  Infante  Don  Ramiro 
his  cousin,  and  the  Infante  Don  Sancho,  son  to  the  King  of  Na- 
varre, and  Count  Don  Gonzalo  Salvadores,  and  Count  Don 
Nuiio  Alvarez,  and  many  other  knights  with  them  ;  and  they 
came  to  the  Castle,  and  Almofalez  said  he  would  not  open  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  -jgy 

gates  to  them,  but  if  the  King  came  he  avouIcI  open  to  him.  BOOK 
And  when  King  Don  Altbnso  heard  this,  incontinently  he  came  ^„.,--L/ 
to  Rueda.     And  Ahnofalez  besouoht  him  to  enter  to  a  feast 
which  he  had   prepared ;  howbeit  the  King  would  not  go  in, 
neither  Avould  his  people  have  permitted  him  so  to  have  risked 
his   person.     But  the  Infante  Don  Sancho  entered,  and  Don 
Nuno,   and    Don   Gonzalo,    and    fifteen  other  knights ;  and  as 
soon  as  they  were  within  the  gate,  the  Moors  threw  down  great 
stones  upon  them  and  killed  them  all.     This  was  the  end  of  the 
good    Count    Don    Gonzalo    Salvadores,  who  Avas  so    good    a 
knight  in  battle  that  he  Avas  called  He  of  the  Four  Hands.     The 
bodies  Avere  ransomed,    seeing  that  there  Avas  no  remedy,    the 
Castle  beincr  so  strona;,  and   Don  Gonzalo  was   buried  in  the 
Monastery  of  Ona,  according  as  he  had  appointed  in  his  Avill ;  /"t™  ' 
and  the  Infante  Don  Sancho  Avith  his  forefathers  the  Kings  of  cap? no.'  " 
Navarre,  in  the  royal  Monastery  of  Naxara*.  f.^-i. 

XIX.  Greatly  Avas  King  Don  Alfonso  trouljled  at  this  How  the  ad. 
villainy,  and  he  sent  for  the  Cid,  avIio  Avas  in  those  parts ;  and  tie  of  Rue' 
the  Cid  came  to  him  Avith  a  great  company.  And  the  King 
told  him  the  great  treason  Avhich  had  been  committed,  and 
took  the  Cid  into  his  favour,  and  said  unto  him  that  he  might 
return  Avith  him  into  Castille.  ]\Iy  Cid  thanked  him  for  his 
bounty,  but  he  said  he  never  Avould  accept  his  favour  unless 
the  King  granted  Avhat  he  should  request;  and  the  King 
bade  him  make  his  demand.  And  my  Cid  demanded,  that 
when  any  hidalgo  should  be  banished,  in  time  to  come,  he 
should  have  the  thirty  days,  Avhich  Avere  his  right,  alloAAcd  him, 
and    not   nine   only,  as  had    been  his  case;  and   tliat  neither 


da. 


,  The  Black  Book  of  Santiago  notices  this.     Era  1121.  (A.D.  1083.) /««< 
interfeciio  apud  Rodam,  nbi  et  Gundisalvus  Comes  interfectus.     Sandoval, 


128  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  hidalgo  nor  citizen  should  be  proceeded  against  till  they  had 
K^^^,^  been  fairly  and  lawfully  heard  ;  also,  that  the  King  should  not 
go  against  the  privileges  and  charters  and  good  customs  of 
any  town  or  other  place,  nor  impose  taxes  upon  them  against 
their  right ;  and  if  he  did,  that  it  should  l>e  lawful  for  the  land 
to  rise  against  him,  till  he  had  amended  the  misdeed.  And  to 
all  this  the  King  accorded,  and  said  to  my  Cid  that  he  should 
go  back  into  Castille  with  him ;  but  my  Cid  said  he  would 
not  go  into  Castille  till  he  had  Avon  that  castle  of  Rueda, 
and  delivered  the  villainous  Moors  thereof  into  his  hands, 
that  he  might  do  justice  upon  them.  So  the  King  thanked 
him  greatly,  and  returned  into  Castille,  and  my  Cid  remained 
before  the  castle  of  Rueda.  And  he  lay  before  it  so  long,  and 
beset  it  so  close,  that  the  food  of  the  Moors  failed,  and  they  had 
no  strength  to  defend  themselves ;  and  they  would  willingly 
have  yielded  the  castle,  so  they  might  have  been  permitted  to 
leave  it  and  go  whither  they  Avoukl ;  but  he  Avould  have  their 
bodies,  to  deliver  them  up  to  the  King.  When  they  saw  that  it 
must  be  so,  great  part  of  them  came  out,  and  yielded  them- 
selves prisoners  ;  and  then  my  Cid  stomied  the  castle,  and  took 
Almoftilez  and  they  who  held  Avith  him,  so  that  none  escaped ; 
and  he  sent  him  and  his  accomplices  in  the  treason  to  the  King. 
chr.ddcui.  And  the  King  Avas  right  glad  Avhcn  they  Avere  brought  before 
cap.  no.     j^j^^^^   ^^^^1  j^^  did  great  justice  upon  them,  and  sent  to  thank 

f.  233."''    my  Cid  for  having  avenged  him. 

How  the  Cid  XX.  After  my  Cid  had  done  this  good  service  to  King 
Don  I'cdro  Don  Alfonso,  he  and  King  Zulema  of  Zaragoza  entered  Ara- 
prisonc%.  gon,  slaying,  and  burning,  and  plundering  before  them,  and 
they  returned  to  the  Castle  of  Mouzon  Avith  gi'cat  booty.  Then 
the  Cid  Avent  into  King  Abenalfange's  country,  and  did  much 
mischief  there ;  and  he  got  among  the  mountains  of  Moriella, 
and  beat  down  every  tiling  before  him,  and  destroyed  the  Castle 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J 

of  Moriella.  And  Kino*  Zulema  sent  to  bid  him  build  up  the  ruin-  BOOK 
cd  Castle  of  Alcala,  which  is  upon  Moriella ;  and  the  Cid  did  so.  v^^v-w 
But  King  Abenalfange  being  sorely  grieved  hercat,  sent  to  King- 
Pedro  of  Aragon,  and  besought  him  to  come  and  help  him 
against  the  Cani'peador.  And  the  Kino;  of  Aragon  o;athered 
together  a  great  host  in  his  anger,  and  he  and  the  King  of 
Denia,  came  against  m}'  Cid,  and  they  halted  that  night  up- 
on tlie  banks  of  tiie  Ebro ;  and  King  Don  Pedro  sent  letters 
to  the  Cid,  bidding  liim  leave  the  castle  which  he  Avas  then 
edifying.  My  Cid  made  answer,  that  if  the  King  chose  to 
pass  that  way  in  peace,  he  would  let  him  pass,  and  show  him 
any  service  in  his  power.  And  when  the  King  of  Aragon  saw 
that  he  would  not  forsake  the  woi'k,  he  marched  against  him, 
and  attacked  hin>.  Tlicn  Avas  there  a  brave  battle,  and  many 
Avere  slain ;  but  my  Cid  Avon  the  day,  and  King  Abenalfange 
fled,  and  King  Don  Pedro  Avas  taken  prisoner''  ,  and  many 
of  his  Counts  and  knights  Avith  him.  My  Cid  returned  to  Za- 
ragoza  Avith  this  great  honour,  taking  his  prisoners  with  him  ; 
and  he  set  them  all  freely  at  liberty,  and  having  tarried  in 
Zaragoza  a  fcAv  days,  set  forth  for  Castille,  Avith  great  riches  and  cap.'ui-'  ' 
ruil  or  honours.  /.  233. 

XXI.     Having  done  all  these  things  in  his  banishment,  my //.„u;,e  ow 
Cid  returned  to  Castille,  and  the  King  received  linn  Avell,  and  TS'l"'" 


*  TlieAragonian  writers,  not  contented  wiih  denying  this,  insist  that  the  Cid 
was  taken  prisoner.  They  rest  upon  the  authority  of  the  Historia  del  Mommterio  de 
San  Juan  de  la  Peiia.  This  authority  is  both  late  and  bad  Berganza  (L.  5.  C. 
37.  §222.;  quotes  Zurita  to  show  its  worthlessness — Fetus  rerum  Jragonemiuin 
Author,  qui  ante  C.  C.  annos,  Regum  facta  composuit,  in  artijicio  et  opera  quam 
tenui  et  exili,  cum  alias  nullum  adhibuisse  diligeutiam  videatur  in  recensendi  reoni 
originibus,  longe  se  et  cateros  omnes  superat,  scd  falsa  qiiasita  propria  gentis  laus 
leviorem  authorem  facit.  Such  authority  would  be  of  little  force,  even  if  it  were 
not  opposed  by  the  concurrent  testimony  of  so  many  earlier  documents. 

S 


J30  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 

BOOK  Qave  him  tlio  Castle  of  Ducnas,  and  of  Orceion,  and  Ybia,  and 
IV.  ,  .  . 

^-^v^  Cainpo,  and  Cana,  and  Bcrviesca,  and  Bcrlanga,  with  all  their 

districts.  And  he  gave  him  privileges  ^\■ith  leaden  seals  appen- 
dant, and  confirmed  Avith  his  own  hand,  that  Avhatever  castles, 
towns,  and  places,  he  might  Avin  from  the  Moors,  or  from  any 
one  else,  should  be  his  OAvn,  quit  and  free  for  ever,  both  for 
him  and  for  his  descendants.  Thus  Avas  my  Cid  received  into 
ca'p^us'.' '  the  King's  favour,  and  he  abode  Avith  him  long  time,,  doing  him 

Clir.  Cm.  .  1    •       T  I 

f.isi.      great  services,  as  his  Lord. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  FIFTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.    In  these  clays  King  Yahia  reigned  in  Toledo,  the  grandson  BOOK 
of  King  Alimavmon,  who  had  been  the  friend  of  Kino-  Don  v^v^ 
Alfonso ;    for  Alimaj'mon  was  dead,   and  his  son  Hicem  also.  aC-'/^"- 
NoAv  Yahia  was  a  bad  King,  and  one  who  walked  not  in  the  ;,«!C'(X". 
ways  of  his  fathers.     Insolent  he  was  towards  the  elders,  and 
cruel  toAvards  his  people  :  and  his  yoke  was  so  heavy  that  all 
men  desired  to  see  his  death,  because  there  Avas  no  good  in  him. 
And  the  people  seeing  that  he  did  not  protect  them,  and  that 
theh  lands  were  ravaged  safeh^,  went  to  him  and  said.  Stand  up. 
Sir,  for  thy  people  and  thy  country,  else  we  must  look  for  some 
other  Lord  who  will  defend  us.     But  he  was  of  such  lewd  cus- 
toms that  he  gave  no  heed  to  their  words.   And  when  they  knew 
that  there  Avas  no  hope  of  liim,  the  Moors  sent  to  the  King  of 
Badajoz,  inviting  him  to  come  and  be  their  protector,  saying 
that  they  would  deliver  the  city  into  his  hands  in  spite  of  Yahia  : 
And  the  Muzarabcs  who  dwelt  in  the  city  sent  to  Kmg  Don 


;J32  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  Alfonso,  exhorting  him  to  win  Toledo,  which  he  mii>ht  well  do, 

,.„rv^    now  that  he  was  no  longer  bound  by  his  oath.  Then  both  Kings 

came,  thinking  to  lia^'e  the  city ;  and  the  King  of  Badajoz  came 

first,  and  the  gates  Avere  opened  to  him  in  despite  of  Yahia. 

ITowbeit  King  Don  Alfonso  speedily  arrived,  and  the  King  of 

Badajoz,  seeing  that  he  could  not  maintain  Toledo  against  him, 

retreated,  and   King  Don  Alfonso   pursued  him  into  Ins  own 

dominions,  and  gave  orders  that  he  should  be  attacked  along 

the  whole  of  his  border,  and  did  ]iot  leave  him  till  he  had  plainly 

submitted.     In  this  manner  was  Yahia  delivered  from  the  King 

Garihay.      of  Badajoz  ;  but  King  Don  Alfonso  knowing  how  that  city  was 

c'hr.dcicici.  to  be  taken,  contented  himself  with  overrunnins;  the  countrv, 

cap.  115.  »  •  1       T  • 

'16.  and  despoilino-  it,  even  to  the  Avails  of  the  city;  and  thus  he  did 

Chr.  Gen.        .  ■*  *  ' 

/.  234.       ftji-  four  years,  so  that  he  was  master  of  the  land. 

iiowDicga        II.  In  all  this  time  did  my  Cid  do  good  service  to  King  Don 

liodrigncz  ^  ^  "^ 

thesonofthe  Alfouso.     Aiid  ill  tlicsc  days  Kins:  Don  Alfonso  fought  at  Con- 

Cid  was  J  a  » 

slab,.  suegra  with  King  Abenalfange  of  Denia,  and  in  this  battle  the 
Christians  were  defeated  * ,  and  Diego  Rodriguez,  the  son  of  my 
Cid,  Avas  slain.  Greatly  Avas  his  death  lamented  by  the  Chris- 
tians, lor  he  Avas  a  youth  of  great  hope,  and  one  avIio  Avas  be- 
ginning to  tread  in  the  steps  of  his  father.  And  King  Don  Al- 
tbnso  Avas  fain  to  retire  into  the  Castle  of  that  toAvn.  And  iVbe- 
nalfange  gathered  together  the  greatest  poAver  of  the  Moois  that 
he  could,  and  entered  the  land  of  the  Christians,  and  past  the 
mountains,  and  came  even  to  Medina  del  Campo,  and  there 
/^'asT"'  Alvar  Fanez  IMinaya  met  him.  IMinaya  had  but  fi\'e  and 
e.3o!'  '  ■  twenty  hundred  horse  Avith  him,  and  of  the  INIoors  there  Avere 
/. 0. c.  14.    fifteen   thousand;  nevertheless  by  God's  blessing  he   prevailed 


Ch,:<MCid. 
cup.  110. 
Chr.  Gen. 


'  Bleda,  following  the  Chronica  General^  makes  the  Christians  victorious  in 
tliis  battle.  But  where  two  writers  of  equal  authority  record  the  one  the  victory, 
the  other  the  defeat  of  his  countrymen,  the  latter  is  obviously  to  be  preferred. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  j^^ 

against  them.    And  by  the  virtue  of  God  Akar  Faiiez  gave  King  BOOK 
Abenalfange  a  cruel  wound  in  the  face,  so  that  he  fled  away.   ^L, 
Great  honour  did  Minaya  win  for  this  victory. 

III.  Xow  had  King  Don  Alfonso  for  many  yeai-s  cut  down  HowKmg 
the  bread  and  the  ^\inc  and  the  fruits  in  all  the  covuitry  round  «f»(«/Xf 
about  Toledo,  and  he  made  ready  to  go  against  the  city.  The 
tidings  of  this  great  enterprize  spread  far  and  wide,  and  adv^en- 
turers  came  from  all  parts  to  be  present :  not  only  they  of  Cas- 
tille  and  Leon,  Asturias  and  Nagera,  Galicia  and  Portugal,  but 
King  Sancho  Ramirez  of  Aragon  came  ako,  with  the  flower 
of  Aragon  and  Navarre  and  Catalonia,  and  Franks  and  Ger- 
mans and  Italians,  and  men  of  other  countries,  to  bear  their 
part  in  so  great  and  catholic  a  war.  And  the  King  entertained 
them  Avell,  being  full  bountiful,  insomuch  tliat  he  was  called 
lie  of  the  Open  Hand.  Never  had  so  goodly  a  force  of  Chris- 
tians been  assembled  in  Spain,  nor  so  great  an  enterprize  at- 
tempted, since  the  coming  of  the  Moors.  And  of  this  army  a.d.io85. 
was  my  Cid  the  leader.  So  soon  as  the  winter  was  over  they 
began  their  march.  And  wlien  they  came  to  a  ford  of  the 
Tagus,  behold  the  river  was  swoln,  and  the  best  horsemen  feared 
to  try  the  passage.  Now  there  was  a  holy  man  in  the  camp,  by 
name  Lesmes,  avIio  was  a  monk  of  St.  Benedict's ;  and  he  beino- 
mounted  upon  an  ass  rode  first  into  the  ford,  and  passed  safely 
through  the  flood  ;  and  all  who  beheld  him  held  it  for  a  great  ^"'17°^' 

1  -  Sandoval, 

nnraclc.  j.  227. 

YV.  Greatly  to  be  blamed  are  they  who  lived  in  those  days  ofthetakmg 
for  not  handing  down  to  everlasting  remembrance  the  worthy  "■^^°'-"^''- 
feats  Avhich  Avere  atchieved  at  this  siege.  For  not  only  Avas  To- 
ledo a  strong  city,  both  by  nature  and  in  its  Avails  and  tOAvers, 
but  the  iloAver  of  the  chivalry  of  all  Spain  and  of  all  Christendom 
Avas  there  assembled,  and  the  Moors  of  Spain  also,  knoAvino- 
that  this  Avas,  as  it  av  ere,  the  heart  of  their  empire,  did  all  they 


134 


ftaribnif. 
XI.  17. 
Saiifloval, 

I/ow  Yuhia 
stnt  to  spy 
thf  state  of 
f'uUnciii. 


CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CI  D, 

could  to  defend  it :  greatly  to  be  blamed  arc  they  who  neglected 
to  transmit  to  us  the  memory  of  their  deeds,  and  greatly  have 
they  wronged  the  worthy  knights  whose  exploits  should  else 
haA'e  gained  for  them  a  never-dying  renown.  Nothing  more, 
owing  to  their  default,  can  we  say  of  this  so  notable  a  si(>ge, 
than  that  when  Don  Cabrian,  the  Bishop  of  Leon,  w*as  earnestl}^ 
engaged  in  prayer  for  the  success  of  the  Christian  arms,  the 
glorious  St.  Isidro  appeared  unto  him,  and  certified  that  in 
fifteen  days  the  city  should  be  surrendered  ;  and  even  so  it  came 
to  pass,  for  the  gates  were  opened  to  the  King  on  Thursday  the 
twenty-fifth  of  JNIay,  in  the  year  of  the  ffira  1123,  Avhich  is  the 
year  of  Christ  1085.  The  first  Christian  banner  which  entered 
the  city  was  the  banner  of  my  Cid,  and  my  Cid  was  the  first 
Christian  Alcayde  of  Toledo.  Of  the  terms  granted  unto  the 
Moors,  and  how  they  were  set  aside  for  the  honour  of  the  Ca- 
tholic faith,  and  of  the  cumiing  of  the  Jews  who  dwelt  in  the 
city,  and  liow  the  Romish  ritual  w^as  introduced  therein,  this  is 
not  the  place  to  speak ;  all  these  things  are  written  in  the  Chro- 
nicles of  the  Kings  of  Spain. 

\.  Now  Yahia,  Mhcn  he  saw  that  he  could  by  no  means 
hold  Toledo,  because  on  the  one  hand  the  ]\Ioors  would,  give 
it  to  the  King  of  Badajoz,  and  on  the  other  King  Don  Alfon- 
so warred  against  it,  he  made  a  covenant  with  King  Don  Alfon- 
so to  yield  the  city  to  him,  if  he  with  the  help  of  Alvar  Faiiez 
Avould  put  him  in  possession  of  Valencia,  Avhich  had  belonged 
unto  Ilicem  and  Alhnaj'mon,  his  fathers,  but  which  the  Guazil 
Abdalla  Azis  held  now  as  his  own,  calling  himself  King  thereof. 
And  he  covenanted  that  King  Don  Alfonso  should  also  put 
into  his  hand  Santa  IMaria  de  Albarrazin,  and  the  kingdom  of 
Denia ;  and  the  King  assented  to  the  covenant,  thinking  that 
in  this  manner  the  land  would  be  all  his  own.  Yahia  therefore 
sent  Abcnfaratj  who  Avas  his  cousin,  to  Valencia,   to  spy  out 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  I35 

what  the  Guazil  would  do,  whether  he  Avould  peaceably  deli-  BOOK 
ver  up  the  kingdom  unto  him,  or  whether  he  would  oppose  „^^ 
his  coming,  which  he  greatly  doubted,  because  it  w-as  m~ 
m'oured  that  he  was  about  to  give  his  daughter  in  mariage  to 
the  Kino;  of  Zaraooza.  Abenfarat  went  his  wa^',  and  took 
up  his  abode  in  the  house  of  a  jVloor  who  Avas  called  Aben- 
lupo ;  and  while  he  sojourned  there  the  marriage  of  the  Gu- 
azil's  daughter  Avas  effected,  and  the  Guazil  himself  fell  sick 
and  died.  Then  Abenfarat  tarried  yet  awhile  to  see  what 
Avould  be  the  issue,  for  the  men  of  Valencia  Avere  greatly 
troubled  because  of  the  death  of  their  King.  He  left  two  sons, 
between  Avhom  there  Avas  no  brotherly  Ioac  during  his  life,-  and 
noAv  that  he  was  dead  there  Avas  less.  And  they  divided  between 
them  all  that  he  had  left,  even  the  least  thing  did  they  divide, 
each  being  covetous  to  possess  all  that  he  could  ;  and  they 
made  tAVO  factions  in  the  town,  each  striving  to  possess  himself 
of  the  power  therein.  But  the  men  of  Valencia  Avho  were  not 
engaged  on  their  side,  and  they  also  aa'Iio  held  the  castles  round 
about,  Avere  greatl}'  troubled  because  of  this  strife  Avhich  Avas 
between  them ;  and  they  also  Avere  divided  betAveen  tAvo 
opinions,  they  Avho  Avcre  of  the  one  Avishing  to  give  the  kingdom 
to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  they  Avho  Avere  of  the  other  to 
yield  themselves  unto  Vahia  the  grandson  of  Vlimaymon,  because 
of  the  covenant  Avhich  King  Don  Alfonso  had  made  Avith  liim. 
When  Abenfarat  kncAV  these  things  he  returned  unto  Yaliia,  chr.deiad. 
and  tokl  him  all  CA^en  as  it  Avas ;  and  Yahia  saAv  that  he  should  m.  '^^' 
have  the  city,  because  of  the  discord  which  Avas  therein.    -  ff'.'i^'."' 

VI.     Then  Yahia  gathered  together  all  his   people,  knights,  uow  vMa 
and  cross-boAv  men,  and  foot  soldiers,  and   they  of  his  board,  M"^rX!dl 
and  the  officers  of  his  household  Avhich  are  the  eunuchs ;  and 
he  set  forward  on  the  way  toAvard  ^^alencia,  and  Alvar  Fanez  and 
bis  body  of  Ckristiaiis  Avith  him.     And  he  sent  to  the  townsmen 


J36  f'HRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  sji'eetino-  tliom,  and  savins;  that  he  was  comino-  to  dwell  amono- 
v.^v-w  them  and  to  be  their  King,  and  that  he  would  deal  bountifully 
by  them ;  and  that  he  should  Avait  awhile  in  the  town  which 
was  called  Sera.  The  chief  men  of  the  town  took  counsel 
together  what  they  should  do,  and  at  length  they  agreed  to 
receive  him  for  their  Lord  ;  and  this  they  did  more  in  fear  of 
King  Don  Alfonso  and  of  Alvar  Fanez  than  for  any  love  to- 
wards him.  This  answer  they  sent  him  by  Aboeza  the  Alcayde. 
Now  Aboeza  would  fain  have  departed  from  Valencia  Avhen 
the  Guazil  Abdalla  Azis  died,  because  of  the  strife  which  was 
in  the  city,  and  he  thought  to  betake  himself  to  his  own  Castle 
of  Monviedro  and  dAvcll  there,  away  from  the  troubles  which 
were  to  come.  Upon  this  purpose  he  took  counsel  with  his 
friend  Mahomed  Abenhayen  the  Scribe,  for  there  was  great 
love  betAveen  them ;  and  Avhen  the  Scribe  heard  Avhat  he  pur- 
posed to  do  he  Avas  grieved  thereat,  and  represented  unto  him 
that  it  Avas  not  fitting  for  him  to  forsake  the  city  at  such  a 
time,  so  that  Aboeza  Avas  persuaded.  And  they  tAvain  cove- 
nanted one  to  the  other,  to  love  and  defend  each  other  against 
all  the  men  in  the  Avorld,  and  to  help  each  other  Avith  their 
persons  and  possessions ;  and  Aboeza  sent  trusty  men  of  his 
kinsfolk  and  friends  to  keep  the  Castles  of  Monviedo  and  Castro 
and  Santa  Cruz,  and  other  Castles  Avhich  Avere  in  his  possession, 
and  he  himself  abode  in  Valencia.  And  noAv  he  went  out 
,  to  Yahia  to  gi\'e  unto  him  the  keys  of  the  city,  and  the  good 
men  of  the  city  Avent  out  Avith  him,  and  they  made  obeisance 
to  hirii  and  promised  to  serve  him  loyally.  Then  Yahia,  the 
grandson  of  Alimaymon,  set  forth  with  all  his  company  from 
Sera,  and  all  the  people  of  Valencia,  high  and  Ioav,  AA^ent  out  to 
meet  him  Avith  great  rejoicings.  And  Aboeza  adorned  the  Al- 
cazar right  nobly,  that  Yahia  and  his  Avomen  and  they  of  his 
company  might  lodge  Avithin.      The   most   honourable  of  his 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  13^ 

knights  took  up   their  lodging  in  the   town,  and  the  cross-boAV  BOOK 
men  and  others  of  low  degree  lodged  round  about  the  Alcazar,  .^,^Ji^ 
and  in  certain  dwelhngs  which  were  between  it  and  the  IVIosque,  chr.deiad. 
and  Alvar  Fanez  and  the  Christians  who  were  with  him,  m  the  j34. 
village  which  was  called  Ruzaf.  /-a^. 

VII.  Yahia  being  noAv  King  m  Valencia,  made  Aboeza  ofthetai 
his  Guazil,  and  save  him  authority  throuo-hout  all  his  kinodom.  raucd/or 
Nevertheless   he   bore    displeasure   against    him   in   his   heart,  thechru^ 

tians. 

because  he  had  served  Abdalla  Azis;  and  on  his  part  also  Aboeza 
secretly  feared  the  King,  and  knew  not  whether  it  were  better 
to  depart  from  him,  or  not ;  howbeit  he  thought  it  best  to 
remain  and  serve  him  rio'ht  lovallv  and  well,  that  so  he  mioht 
win  his  good  will ;  and  when  the  King  perceived  this,  his  anger 
abated  and  Avas  clean  put  out  of  mind.  And  he  made  Aboeza- 
hb  favourite,  and  made  a  vow  unto  him  and  confimied  it  by 
a  Avriting,  that  he  Avould  never  take  away  his  favour  from 
him,  nor  change  him  for  another,  nor  do  an}'  thing  in  his 
dominions  without  him.  With  this  was  Aboeza  satisfied,  and  the 
fear  which  he  felt  in  his  heart  was  removed.  And  they  who 
held  the  castles  brought  gi-eat  gifts  to  Yahia,  with  nuich  hu- 
mility and  reverence,  such  as  the  Moors  know  how  to  put  on. 
This  the}'  did  to  set  his  heart  at  rest,  that  he  might  confide  in 
them,  and  send  away  Alvar  Fanez  into  his  own  country,  and  not 
keep  him  and  his  people  at  so  great  a  charge,  lor  it  cost  them 
daily  six  hundred  maravedis,  and  the  King  had  no  treasure 
in  Valencia,  neither  was  he  so  rich  that  he  could  support  his 
own  company  and  supply  tliis  payment;  and  for  this  reason 
the  IMoors  complained  of  the  great  cost.  But  on  the  other 
hand,  Yahia  feared  that  if  he  should  send  away  Alvar  Fanez, 
the  Moors  would  rise  against  him ;  and  to  maintain  him  he 
laid  a  great  tax  upon  the  city  and  its  district,  saying  that  it 
was  for  barley.     This  tax  they  levied  upon  the  rich,  as  well  a& 

T 


138  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  tlie  poor,  and  upon   the  great  as  well  as  the  little,  which  they 

.,^,^^  held  to  be  a  great  evil  and  breach  of  their  privileges,  and  thought 

that  by  his  fault  Valencia  Avould  be  lost,  even  as  Toledo  had 

been.  This  tribute  so  sorely  aggrieved  the  people,  that  it  became 

as  it  Aveie  a  bye  word  in  the  city,  Give  the  barley.     They  say 

there  was  a  great  niastitf,  with  whom   they  killed  beef  in  the 

chr.ddcid.  shambles,  who,  whenever  he  heard,  *  Give  the  barley,' began  to 

13'..  bark  and  growl :  vipon  Avhich  a  Trobador  said,  'I'hanks  be  to  God, 

Chr.  Gen.  . 

ff.  'H2.       ^ve  have  many  in  the  town  who  are  like  the  mastiff. 

HouYuHa       YIW.     AVhen  they  who  held  the  Castles  sent  presents  to  King 

Muimuzot    Yal'.ia,  there  was  one  among  them,  by   name  Abenmazot,  who 

ill  Xlllivu.  I         1     1      -V r  ■  1  »     1  1     •  ■  <•  (VI 

lield  Aativa,  who  neither  sent  him  girts,  nor  came  to  otter  obe- 
dience. And  the  Kino-  sent  to  bid  him  come  before  him. 
]?ut  then  Abenmazot  sent  a  messeno;er  Avith  letttirs  and  full 
rich  presents,  saying  that  he  could  by  no  means  come  himself, 
and  this  not  from  any  feigning,  and  that  he  would  alway  do 
him  service  with  a  true  good  will.  And  he  besought  him  as 
his  Lord  to  let  him  remain  in  Xativa,  and  he  would  give  liim  the 
rents  thereof;  but  if  it  Avas  his  pleasure  to  appoint  some  other 
in  his  stead,  he  besought  that  he  would  then  give  him  some- 
thing for  himself  and  his  company  to  subsist  upon,  seeing 
that  he  desired  nothing  but  the  King's  favour  to  be  AVell  with 
hnn.     'J'hen  the  King  took  counsel  Avith   Abocza  the   Guazil, 

"and  the  Guazil  advised  him  to  do  unto  Abenmazot  even  as  he 
had  requested,  and  let  lum  keep  Xativa ;  and  to  send  aAvay 
Alvar  j'^anez  because  of  the  great  charge  it  Avas  to  maintain 

"him,  and  to  live  in  peace,  and  put  his  kingdom  in  order;  in  all 
Avhich  he  advised  him  like  a  2:ood  counsellor  and  a  true.  But 
the  King  Avould  not  give  heed  to  him;  instead  thereof  he  com- 
municated his  counsel  to  the  two  sons  of  Abdalla  Azis  Avho 
had  submitted  unto  him,  and  Avhom  he  had  taken  into  his  fa- 
vour, and  they  told  him  that  Aboeza  had  advised  him  ill,  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  139 

that  it  behoved  him  to  lead  out  his  host  and  bring  Abenmazot  BOOK 
to  obedience.  And  the  King  beheved  them  and  went  out  and  ,^^^1^ 
besieged  Xativa.  And  the  first  day  he  entered  the  lower  part 
of  the  toM-n,  but  Abenmazot  retired  to  the  Alcazar  and  the 
fortresses,  and  defended  the  upper  part ;  and  the  King  besieged 
him  there  for  four  months,  attacking  him  every  day,  till  food 
began  to  fail  both  in  the  army  of  the  King  and  in  the  town.  And 
they  of  Valencia  could  not  supply  what  was  to  be  })aid  to 
Alvar  Faiiez  and  his  company,  much  less  Avhat  the  King  want- 
ed. Then  the  King  understood  that  he  had  been  ill  advised, 
and  for  this  reason  he  condemned  one  of  the  sons  of  Abdalla 
Azis  to  pay  Alvar  Fanez  for  thirty  days  ;  and  he  seized  a  Jew 
Avho  was  one  of  his  Almoxarifes  in  Valencia,  that  is  to  say, 
one  who  collected  the  taxes,  and  took  from  him  all  that  he 
had,  because  he  had  advised  him  ill,  and  while  this  lasted  the  '^^^p-  '^^■ 
people  of  Valencia  had  some  respite.  ^  ^" 

IX.     When  Abenmazot   saw  that  the  King  was  bent  upon  How  Me- 

•1"  11  11  1'  1     ^^^^'^'^i*^ 

destroying  him,  and  that  every  day  he  prest  him  more  and  came  to  help 
more,  he  sent  to  Abenalfange  who  was  Kmg  or  Dema  and  lor- 
tosa,  saying,  that  if  he  would  come  and  help  him,  he  would  make 
him  Lord  of  Xativa  and  of  all  his  other  Castles,  and  Avould 
be  at  his  mercy ;  and  this  he  did  to  escape  from  the  hands 
of  Yahia.  When  Abenalfange  heard  this  it  pleased  him  a\  ell, 
and  he  sent  one  of  his  Alcaydes,  who  was  called  the  Left-handed, 
to  enter  the  Alcazar,  and  help  to  defend  it  till  he  could  collect 
a  company  of  Christians  who  might  deal  with  Alvar  Fanez. 
So  that  Left-handed  one  entered  the  Alcazar  Avith  his  com- 
pany, and  the  Lord  of  the  Castle  AA'hich  was  called  Almenar, 
Avas  already  there  to  help  Abenmazot,  and  encourage  him  that 
he  should  not  submit.  Then  Abenalfange  gathered  together 
all  his  host  and  his  cavalry,  and  brought  Avith  him  Giralte  the 
Roman,  AA'ith  a  company  of  French  knights,  and  came  toAvards 


140  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Xatlva,  as  a  hungry  lion  goes  against  a  sheep,  ov  like  the  com- 
,.^„.^  ing  of  a  flood  in  its  hour ;    so  that    Yahia  was  dismayed  at 
the  tidings  of  his  approach,  and  fled  as  fast  as  he  could  to  the 
Isle  of  Xucar,   and  though  that  Isle  was  so  near,  he  thought 
he  had  done  a  great  thing  ;  and  from  thence  he  went  to  Valen- 
cia, holding  himself  greatly  dishonoured.      Then  Abenalfange 
had  Xativa  and  all  its  Castles,  so  that  it  was  all  one  kingdom 
as  far  as  Denia.     And  he  took  Abenmazot  with  all  his  v/omen 
and  his  household  and  all  that  he  had,  to  Denia,  and  gave  him 
possessions  there,  and  did  him  much  honour.     And   when   it 
was  seen  that  King  Yahia  was  thus  dishonoured,  and  that  Alvar 
Fanez  had  not  helped  him  as  had  been  looked  for,  they  who 
held  the  Castles  lost  all   fear  of  him,  so  that  their  hearts  were 
changed  towards  him,  as  well  they  of  ^"alencia  as  of  the  other 
Castles,  and  they  said  that  they  would  rather  belong  to  Aben- 
^   ,  ,^.j  alfanae    than    to   him,    because   the  town  could   not  bear  the 
chr  Gen.    chargc  of  tlie  Christians,  nor  the  oppressions   which  they  suf- 
^'"'^^'       fercd  because  of  them. 
nnu<  Ah>,r       X.  Abenalfange  abode  some  days  in  Xativa,  and  then  moved 

Faiirz  plun-  _  _ 

deird  the     qj^  towards  Valencia,  thinkins;  to  win  the  city  ;  for  he  knew  how 

country.  '  o  ^ 

greatly  the  people  were  oppressed  because  of  the  Christians,  and 
that  they  could  not  bear  it,  and  that  there  was  no  love  between 
them  and  their  Lord.  And  he  passed  by  a  place  which  was  an 
oratory  of  the  Moors  in  their  festivals,  which  they  call  in  Arabic 
Axera,  or  Araxea ;  and  he  halted  near  Valencia,  so  that  they  in 
the  town  might  see  him;  and  he  went  round  about  the  toAvn,  to 
the  rio-ht  and  to  the  left,  Avheresoever  he  would.  The  King  of 
Valencia  with  his  knights  was  near  the  wall  watching  him,  and 
Alvar  Fancz  and  liis  company  were  in  readiness  lest  the  French 
sliould  defy  them.  And  after  Abenalfange  had  staid  there 
awhile  he  drew  off  and  went  his  way  to  Tortosa.  And  Yahia 
was    perplexed   Avith  Alvar   Fanez,    and    sought   for  means  to 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  141 

pay  him ;  and    he    threw   the  two   sons  of  Abdalla  Azis  into  BOOK 
prison,  and  many  other  good  men  of  the  town  also,  and  took  v,,^^-^ 
fi-om  tliem  great  riches.     Then  he  made  a  covenant  with  Alvar 
Fanez,  that  he  should  remain   with  him,  and  gave  him    great 
possessions.     And  when  the  Moors  saw   that  Alvar  Fanez  was 
in  such  power,  all  the  ruthans  and  lewd  livers  in  the  town  tlocked 
unto  him,  so  that  Valencia  was  in  the  hands   of  him  and    his 
followers ;  and  the  ]\Ioors  being  desperate  of  remedy  deserted 
the   town,    and  went  whither    they   could,    setting   at   nought 
their  inheritances,  for  no  man  was  safe,  neither  in  his  goods  nor 
person.     Tlien  Alvar  Fanez  made  an  inroad  into  the  lands  of 
Abenalfange,  and  overran  the  lands  of  Buriana,  and  other  parts  ; 
and  there  went  M'ith  him  a  great  company   of  those  Moorish  chr.dei.cid. 
desj)eradoes  avIio  had  ioined   him,  and   of    other  Moorish  Al-  jss. 

^  Chr.  Gen. 

mogavares '  ,  and  they  stormed  towns    and    castles,    and  slew  #•  "«• 


"  Miedes  says  that  Almogavares  means — Of  dust — i.  e.  Men  sprung  from 
the  dust  of  the  earth  ;  or  because,  being  the  best  of  the  army,  they,  in  Arabic 
phrase,  trod  their  enemies  to  dust.  Bhileau  explains  it  to  mean  men  covered 
with  dust, — lie  is  strangely  mistaken  in  supposing  them  to  be  old  garrison  soldiers. 
Fr.  Joam  de  Sousa,  in  his  Lexicon  Etymologico,  makes  it  merely  warriors  or 
fighting  men.     An  incursion  into  an  enemy's  country  was  called  almogauria. 

Winter  and  summer  they  lay  upon  the  bare  earth,  they  consorted  in  the 
camp  with  none  but  their  fellows,  their  manners  were  sullen  like  savages,  they 
spake  little,  but  when  they  went  to  battle  were  like  wild  beasts  let  loose,  and 
kindled  with  joy.  Winter  and  summer  they  wore  the  same  dress  of  skins  girt 
with  a  cord  of  esparto.  Shoes,  bonnet,  and  scrip,  were  of  the  same  skin  as  their 
dress ;  they  carried  sjjear,  sword,  and  dagger,  some  of  thein  a  mace,  (porrimaza)  and 
without  any  defensive  armour  attacked  horse  or  foot,  generally  the  horse.  The 
Alinogavar,  when  a  horseman  ran  at  him,  rested  the  end  of  his  lance  against 
his  right  foot,  bent  forward,  and  let  the  horse  spit  himself; — in  a  moment  he 
was  .upon  the  fallen  horseman  witli  his  dagger,  or  rather  knife.  If  he  could  kill 
the  man  and  save  the  horse,  his  reward  was  to  become  a  horse-soldier  himself, 
for  they  were  as  skilful  when  mounted  as  when  a-foot. 

Tiie  French  in  Sicily  thought  little  of  the  Spanish  men  at  arms,  but  stood 
in  great  fear  of  the  Almogavares.  Miedes,  Historia  del  Rei/  D.  Jai/me  el  Cou~ 
quidador.    L.  l\.  C.  7. 


142  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  many  Moors,  and  brought  away  flocks  and  herds  both  of  cat^ 
s,,,.^   tie  and  of  brood  mares,   and  much  gold  and   silver,  and  store 

of  wearing  apparel,  all  which  they  sold  in  Valencia. 
Of  the  cove-      XI.     Now  wlicn  oiic  of  the  sons  of  Abdalla  Azis  was  loosed 

nunt  which  _ 

one  of  the  from  prisou,  hc  placed  his  love  upon  Alvar  Fanez  and  gave  hhn 
''"'^tll  S^®^'3^  gifts*  and  upon  Aboeza  the  King's  Guazil,  and  upon  a 
^'iliT'  "^^^  ^^^  ^^'^^  ^  messenger  from  King  Don  Alfonso.  And  they 
all  sent  to  King  Don  Alfonso  to  beseech  him  that  he  would  take 
the  son  of  Abdalla  Azis  and  all  that  he  had  under  his  protection, 
so  that  Yahia  might  do  no  evil  unto  him,  neither  take  by  force 
from  him  any  thing  that  was  his ;  and  for  this  protection  he 
promised  to  give  the  King  thirty  thousand  maravedis  yearly. 
This  request  King  Don  Alfonso  granted,  and  incontinently  he 
took  him  under  his  protection,  and  sent  to  the  King  of  Valencia, 
to  request  that  he  would  do  him  no  wrong.  Therefore  the  soi^ 
of  Abdalla  Azis  was  from  that  time  held  in  more  honour  be- 
cause of  the  love  of  King  Don  Alfonso ;  nevertheless  he  was 
still  kept  under  a  guard  in  his  own  house,  that  he  shoukl  not 
issue  forth.  And  because  of  this  confinement  not  thinking  him- 
self safe,  he  made  a  hole  through  the  wall  and  got  out  ])y  night 
in  woman's  apj)arcl,  and  lay  hid  all  the  next  day  in  a  garden, 
and  on  the  following  night  mounted  on  horseback  and  rode  to 
Monviedro.  AVhen  the  Guazil  knew  this  he  took  his  son  and 
his  unele  as  sureties  for  him  for  the  thirty  thousand  maravedis, 
Avhich  the  Jew  was  now  come  to  receive  for  King  Don  iVlfonso. 
And  they  went  to  Monviedro  to  him,  and  communed  with  him, 
and  accorded  with  him  that  he  should  pay  the  one  half  imme- 
diately, and  whenever  he  returned  to  Valencia  and  was  safe 
there  in  possession  of  all  his  rents  and  inheritances,  that  then  he 
should  pay  the  remainder;  so  he  paid  the  fifteen  thousand  forth - 
chr.ddcs.  ^^itli  ii^  silver,  and  in  rings  of  gold,  and  in  cloth,  and  in  strings 
iX.'^*'  of  pearls,  and  the  Jew  returned  therewith  to  King  Don  Alfonso. 
fliii."''    At  this  time  his-  brother  Avas  released  from  prison  by  desire  of 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  J^ 


o 


the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  he  went  unto  him  ;  and  many  of  the  BOOK 
I'ich  men  of  the  city  also  betook  themselves  to  IMonviedro,  be-  v,,^^ 
cause  they  were  not  secure  neither  in  their  possessions  nor  in 
their  bodies. 

XII.     In  these  days  the  Almoravides  arose  in  Barbary.     The  nowMvar 
rise  of  this  people  and  all  that  they  did  in  Spain  are  not  for  me  <-«ned  awa, 

Jrnm  f'aleii- 

to  relate  m  this  place.  ■  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  King  Don  Alfonso  "«• 
being  in  great  danger,  sent  for  Alvar  Fanez  and  all  his  company  ; 
and  that  he  had  so  much  to  do  for  himself  that  he  took  no 
thought  for  Valencia.  And  when  they  who  had  the  keeping 
of  Yahia's  Castles  saw  this  they  rose  against  him,  so  that  few 
remained  unto  him,  and  they  of  his  A-assals  in  Avhom  he  put  the 
most  trust  proved  false,  so  that  the  heart  of  the  King  of  Denia 
and  Tortosa  grew,  and  he  thought  to  win  Valencia.  The  chief 
persons  of  the  town  also  sent  unto  him,  saying  that  if  he  would 
come  they  would  give  the  city  into  his  hands.  So  he  gathered 
together  his  host,  and  a  company  of  French  also,  and  sent  them 
fonvard  under  the  command  of  his  imcle,  saying  that  he  would 
follow  and  join  them  on  a  certain  day.  But  they  went  fonvard, 
and  Yahia  thinking  that  if  he  could  conquer  them  he  should  be 
secure,  went  out  and  fought  against  them ;  and  he  was  defeated 
and  lost  a  great  part  of  his  people  and  of  his  arms,  and  returned 
into  the  city  with  great  loss.  When  Abenalfange,  who  was  a 
day's  journey  off,  heard  this,  he  marched  all  nighty  and  came 
before  Valencia.  And  King  Yahia  knew  not  what  to  do,  and 
Avas  minded  to  yield  up  the  toAvn.  And  he  took  counsel  with 
his  people,  and  they  advised  him  to  send  for  help  to  King  Don 
Alfonso,  and  also  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  he  did  accord- 
ingly. And  an  AiTa\'az  of  Cuenca,  whose  name  was  Abencario, 
who  was  a  native  of  Valencia,  went  to  Zaragoza,  and  told  the 
King  that  if  he  would  go  thither  he  Avould  deliver  the  city  into  his  "p'  f^o^''^ 
'hands,  for  it  appertained  unto  him  rather  than  to  Abenal^mge.    ^\'!ng.'"' 


144  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

XIII.  And  in  those  days.my  Cid  gathered  together  a  great 
force,  and  Avent  to  the  borders  of  Aragon,  and  crost  theDouro, 
and  lodged  that  night  in  Fresno.  From  thence  he  went  to  Cala- 
mocha,  Avhere  he  kept  Whitsuntide.  While  he  lay  there  the 
King  of  Albarrazin,  being  in  great  fear  of  him,  sent  to  him 
requesting  that  they  might  meet.  And  when  they  sa^^  each  other 
they  established  great  love  between  them,  and  the  King  from 
that  day  became  tiibutary  to  the  Cid.  'J'hen  the  Cid  went  to 
Zaragoza,  where  he  was  full  honourably  received.  And  when, 
Abencano  came  to  Zaragoza  inviting  King  Almescahen  to  go 
and  take  Valencia,  and  King  Yahia  sent  also  to  beg  succour 
at  his  hands,  the  King  asked  the  Cid  to  go  with  him,  and  gave 
him  whatever  he  demanded.  So  greatly  did  this  King  desire 
to  have  Valencia,  that  he  looked  not  whether  his  force  was 
great  or  little,  nor  whether  that  of  the  Cid  was  greater  than 
his  own,  but  went  on  as  fast  as  he  could.  When  the  King 
of  Denia  heard  that  he  was  coming  and  the  Cid  with  him,  he 
durst  not  abide  them.  And  he  thought  that  the  King  of  Zara- 
goza by  the  Cid's  help  would  win  the  city,  and  that  he  should 
remain  with  the  labour  he  had  undergone,  and  the  costs.  Then 
he  placed  his  love  upon  King  Yahia,  and  sent  him  all  the 
food  he  had,  and  besought  him  to  help  him,  saying  that  he 
would  supply  him  with  Avhatever  he  needed.  King  Yahia  was 
well  pleased  with  this,  though  he  well  understood  the  reason, 
^^''Isk''''  ^^^'^  fi"^^  writings  were  made  to  this  effect,  and  then  Abenal- 
ff^.^ilg."'    fange  Avent  to  Tortosa. 

jy„„,/,^  XIV.     And  when  the  King  of  Zaragoza  and  the  Cid  drew 

rago-Jimld  nigh  uuto  Valcucla,  Yahia  went  out   to   welcome  them,   and 

"^iyThe"  thanked  them  greatly  for   coming   to    his    assistance  ;  and   he 

" ^         lodged'them  in  the  great  garden,  Avhich  was  called  the  Garden 

of  ^'illa  Nueva,  and  honoured  them  greatly  and  sent  them  great 

presents  :  and  he  invited  them  afterwards  to  come  with  their 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  145 

Iionourable  men.  and  be  his  ouests  iu  the  Alcazar.    But  the  King  BOOK 
of  Zaragoza  all  this  while  had  his  eye  upon  the  town,  thinking   ^ 


that  it  would  be  given  up  to  him  as  Abencaiio  had  promised ; 
but  he  saw  no  sign  of  this,  neither  knew  he  how  he  could  win  it. 
Moreover  Yahia  had  jilaced  his  love  upon  the  Cid,  and  had  sent 
him  full  noble  gifts  when  he  Avas  upon  the  road,  in  secret,  so 
that  the  King  of  Zaragoza  knew  not  thereof.  And  the  King  of 
Zaragoza  asked  counsel  of  the  Cid  how  he  might  get  Valencia 
into  his  hands,  and  besought  the  Cid  to  help  him.  But  the  Cid 
made  answer,  hoAv  could  that  be,  seeing  that  Yahia  had  received  • 
it  from  the  hands  of  King  Don  Alfonso,  who  had  given  it  unto 
him  that  he  might  dwell  therein.  If  indeed  King  Don  Alfonso 
should  give  it  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  then  might  the  King  win 
it,  and  he  would  help  him  so  to  do  ;  otherwise  he  must  be 
against  him.  When  the  King  heard  this  he  perceived  hoAv  the 
Cid  stood  m  this  matter  :  and  he  left  an  Alcayde  with  a  body  ^,  ,  ,^  ^ 
of  knishts  to  assist  King  Yahia,  and  also  to  see  if  he  could  win  %f-  ^'''^■ 

O  -  O  '■  Chron.  Gen. 

the  town  :  and  he  himself  returned  to  Zaragoza.  ■^•^^'*- 

XV.  Then  the  Cid  went  to  besiege  the  Castle  called  Xerica,  how  count 

^ ,  -,  .  llamoii  Be- 

by  advice  of  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  that  he  might  have  a  fron-  i-enguer 

*^  C7  o  o  came  against 

tier  against  Monviedro.  This  lie  did  because,  when  the  Kins;  ^''''™"«- 
came  to  relieve  \^alencia,  Aboeza  had  covenanted  to  give  up 
Monviedro  unto  him,  the  which  he  had  not  done  ;  and  the  King 
thought  that  if  he  made  war  upon  these  Castles  they  nuist  either 
yield  unto  him,  or  be  at  his  mercy,  l^ecausc  they  did  not  belong 
to  the  King  of  Denia.  But  when  Aboeza  knew  this  he  sent 
to  Abcnalfange  the  King  of  Denia,  sajang  that  he  would  give 
Invu  the  Castle ;  and  the  King  of  Denia  incontinently  came  and 
took  possession  of  it,  and  Aboeza  became  his  vassal.  When 
the  Cid  saw  tliis  he  understood  that  Valencia  must  needs  be 
lost,  and  thouglit  in  his  heart  that  he  coukl  win  the  city  for 
liimseif,  and  keep  it.     Then  sent  he  letters  to  King  Don  Al- 

u 


14.6  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID. 

BOOK  fonso,  in  ■which  he  besought  him  of  his  mercy  not  to  think  it  ill 
v.^rvAv/  that  the  people  who  were  with  him  should  remain  with  him, 
for  he  Avould  do  God  service,  and  maintain  them  at  the  cost  of 
the  Moors,  and  Avhensoevcr  the  King  stood  in  need  of  their 
service,  he  and  they  would  go  unto  him  and  serve  him  fi'eely ; 
and  at  other  times  they  would  make  war  upon  the  IMoors,  and 
break  their  power,  so  that  the  King  might  Avin  the  land.  AVell 
was  King  Don  Alfonso  pleased  at  this,  and  he  sent  to  say  that 
they  who  were  in  the  Cid's  company  might  remain  with  him, 
and  that  as  many  as  Avould  might  go  join  him.  And  my  Cid 
went  to  the  King  to  commune  with  him,  and  while  my  Cid  was 
with  him,  Don  Ramon  Berenguer,  Lord  of  Barcelona,  came  to 
Zaragoza  ;  and  the  King  gave  him  great  gifts,  that  he  might 
not  place  his  love  upon  any  other  for  want ;  for  the  King  had 
HOW  put  away  his  love  from  the  Cid,  thinking  that  because  of 
him  he  had  lost  Valencia.  And  presently  he  scut  a  force  to 
besiege  Valencia  under  Don  Ramon  Berenguer ;  and  he  had  two 
Bastilles  built,  one  in  Liria,  which  King  Yaliia  had  given  him 
Avhen  he  came  to  relieve  him,  and  the  other  in  Juballa,  and  he 
thouoht  to  build  anollicr  on  the  side  of  Albuhera,  so  that  none 
might  enter  into  the  city,  neither  go  out  from  it.  And  he  re- 
edified  the  Castle  of  Cebolla,  that  the  Count  might  retire  thither 
if  it  should  be  needful  ;  and  every  day  the  Count  attacked  the 
chr.jcicid.  city,  and  King  Yahia  defended  himself,  looking  for  the  coming 
I'sl'"^'     of  the  Cid  to  help  him,  according  to  the  covenant  which  was  bc- 

Chr.  Gen.  , 

ff.  251.       tween  them. 

Of  the  cove-       XVI.    When  the  Cid  returned  from  Castillo  and  knew  that 

was  made     Valcucia  Avas  besieo;ed  by  the  French,  he  went  to  Tares  Avhich 

belu-een  O  ^ 

Kiag  Yahia  Jg  ucar  Mouvicdro,  and  encamped  there  with  his  iieople,  who 
were  many  in  number.  And  when  the  Count  knew  that  the  Cid 
Avas  so  near,  he  feared  him,  holding  him  to  be  his  enem3^  y\nd 
the  Cid  scut  to  him  to  bid  him  mo\e  from. that,  place  and  raise 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J47 

the  siege  of  Valencia.    The  Count  took  counsel  with  his  knights,  BOOK 
and  they  said   that  they  would  rather  give  battle  to  the  Cid.   ,.^vv_< 
Howbeit  the  Cid  had   no  wish  to  fight  with  them,  because  the 
Count  was  related  to  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  moreover  he  had 
defeated  him  and  made  him  prisoner  heretofore :  so  he  sent  a 
second  time,  bidding  him  depart.     And  the  Count  seeing  that 
he  could   not  al)ide  there  in   the   Cid's  despite,  broke  up  the 
siege  and   went  his  way  by  Requena,  for  he  would  not  pass 
through  Zaragoza.     Then  the  Cid  went  to  Valencia,  and  King 
Yahia  received  him  full  honourably,  and  made  a  covenant  with 
him  to  give  him  weekly  four  thousand  maravedis  of  silver,   and 
he  on  his  part  was  to  reduce  the  Castles  to  his  obedience,  so 
that  they  should  pay  the  same  rents  unto  him  as  had  been  paid 
unto  the  former  Kings  of  Valencia ;  and  that  the  Cid   should 
protect  him.  against  all  men.   Moors  or  Christians,  and  should 
have   his   home  in    \  alencia,    and  bring    all    his    booty  there 
to    be    sold,    and  that  he    should    have    his    granaries  there. 
This  covenant  was   confirmed   in   wiiting,    so   that   they  were 
sectu'e  on  one  side  and  on  the  other.     And  my  Cid  sent  to  all 
those  who  held  the  Castles,  commanding  them  to  pay  their  rents  chr.ddaj. 
to  the  King  of  \'alencia  as  they  had  done  aforetime,  and  they  iTs/*^' 
all  obeyed  his  com,mand,  every  one  striving  to  have  his  love.         f'isu"' 
XVII.  When  the  Cid  had  thus  set  the  land  in  order  he  Avent  HowCount 
against  the   King  of  Denia,    and   warred    against   Denia   and  ^'lulagrc'u 

■\r        •  11  11  111  •  1  power  of 

agamst  XatiVo, ,  and  Ire  aoode  there  all  the  wmter,  domo-  m-eat  frenchmen 

,  O   O  againu  the 

hurt,  insomuch  that  there  did  not  remain  a  wall  standing  from  cirf. 
Orihuela  to  Xativa,  for  he  laid  every  thing  waste ;  and  all  his 
booty  and  his  prisoners  he  sold  in  \aleucia.  Then  he  went 
towards  Tortosa,  destroying  every  thing  as  he  went ;  and  he 
pitched  his  camp  near  unto  the  city  of  Tortosa,  in  a  place  which 
in  Arabic  is  called  Maurelet,  and  he  cut  down  every  tiling  be- 
fore him,  orchards  and  vines  and  corn.     AVhen  King  iVbenal- 


J48  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  fancre  saw  that  the  land  Avas  thus  destroyed,  and  that  neither 

V  .  *  • 

s,^^^-!^  bread,  nor  wine,  nor  tiocks  would  be  left  him,  he  sent  to  Count 

Ranion  l^erenguer,  beseeching  him   to  gather  together  a  great 

force,  and  drive  the  Cid  out  of  the  land,  for  which  service  he 

would  oive  him  whatever  he  mioht  stand  in  need  of.     And  the 

Count,  thinking  now  to  be  revenged  of  the  Cid  for  his  former 

defeat,  and  because  he  had  taken  from  him  the  rents  which  he 

used  to  receive  from  the  land  of  Valencia,  took  what  the  King 

gave  him,  and  assembled  a  great  host  of  the  Christians.     This 

was  so  great  a  power  Avhen  the  Moors  had  joined,  that  they  surely 

thought  the  Cid  would  fly  before  them  ;  for  the  Moors  held  that 

these  Frenchmen  were  the  best  knights  in  the  world,  and  the 

best  appointed,  and  they  who  could  bear  the  most  in  battle. 

AVIien  the  Cid  knew  that  they  came  resolved  to  fight  him,  he 

doubted   that  he  could  not  give  them  battle  because  of  their 

great  numbers,  and  sought  how  he  might  wisely  disperse  them. 

And  he  sot  among  the  mountain  vallies,  whereunto  the  entrance 

was  by  a  narrow  strait,  and  there  he  planted  his  barriers,  and 

guarded  them  well  that  the  Frenchmen  might  not  enter.   'Jlie 

King  of  Zaragoza  sent  to  tell  him  to   be  upon   his  guard,  for 

Covmt  Ramon  Berenguer  would  without  doubt  attack  him :  and 

the  Cid  returned  for  ansAver,   Let  him  come.     On  the  morrow 

the  Count  came  nearer,  and  encamped  a  league  off,  in  sight  of 

him,  and  when  it  was  night  he  sent  his  spies  to  view  the  camp 

of  Ruydiez  the  Cid.     The  next  day  he  sent  to  l)id  hiin  come 

out  and  fight,  and  the  Cid  answered,  that  he  did  not  Avant  to 

fight  nor  to  have  any  strife  Avith  him,  but  to  pass  on  Avith  his 

people.     And  they  drew  nearer  and  invited  him  to  come  out, 

and  defied  him,  saying  that  he  feared  to  meet  them  in  the  field ; 

but  he  set  nothing  by  all  this.     They  thought  he  did  it  because 

cap?  155.' "  of  his  Avcakness,  and  that  he  Avas  afraid  of  them:   but  Avhat  he 

J.  «2.       did  Avas  to  Avear  out  their  patience. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  J^g 

XVIII.  Then  the  Count  sent  a  letter  to  the  Cid  after  this  BOOK: 

V 
fashion  :    I  Count  Don  Ramon  Bercnguer  of  Barcelona,  and  all    v-^v^ 

my  vassals  with  me,  say  vmto  thee,  Ruydiez,  that  we  have  seen  whu-hCount 

T'*  41  I  r  ry  1*11  11  Ramim  sent 

thy  letter  to  Kmg  Almescahen  oi  /aragoza,  Avhich  tliou  tolclest  untotheod. 
him  to  show  unto  us,  that  Ave  might  have  the  more  cause  of 
quarrel  against  thee.  Before  this  thou  hast  done  great  displea- 
sure unto  us,  so  that  we  ought  at  all  times  to  bear  ill  will  against 
thee.  And  now  while  thou  hast  our  goods  in  thy  possession  as 
booty,  thou  sendest  thy  letter  to  King  Almescahen,  saying  that 
we  are  like  our  wives.  God  give  us  means  to  show  thee  that  we 
are  not  such.  And  thou  saidst  unto  him,  that  before  Ave  could 
be  Avith  thee  thou  AAOuldst  come  to  us  ;  noAV  Ave  Avill  not  alioht 
from  our  horses  till  Ave  have  taken  vengeance  on  thee,  and  seen 
Avhat  sort  of  Gods  these  mount^iin  crows  and  daAvs  are,  in  AA'hom 
thou  puttest  thy  trust  to  fight  Avitli  us ;  Avhereas  Ave  believe  in 
one  Gt)d  alone,  Avho  Avill  aive  us  vengeance  agaiust  thee.  Of  a 
tiuth,  to-morroAV  morning  Ave  Avill  be  with  thee,  and  if  thou  Avilt 
leave  the  mountain  and  come  out  to  us  in  the  plain,  then  Avilt 
thou  be,  as  they  call  thee,  Rodrigo  the  Campeador.  But  if 
thou  Avilt  not  do  this,  thou  Avilt  then  be  Avhat  according  to  the 
custom  of  Castille  is  called  alevoso,  and  hauzador  according  to 
the  custom  of  France ;  that  is  to  say,  a  false  traitor.  And  if 
thou  Avilt  not  come  doAvn  from  the  mountain  it  shall  not  a\'ail 
thee,  for  Ave  Avill  not  depart  from  hence  till  Ave  have  thee  in  our 
hands,  either  dead  or  alive,  and  Ave  will  deal  Avith  thee  as  thou 
hast  done  by  us,  and  God  m  his  mercy  noAV  take  vengeance  cap.  ne. 
upon  thee  for  his  churches  Avliich  thou  hast  destroyed.  /.  252. 

XIX.  AVhen  the  Cid  had  read  this  letter  he  Avrote  another  o/theieiter 
in  reply  after  this  manner :  I  Ruydiez  and  my  vassals  :  God  save  ad  se,a  m 

repiif, 

you  Count  1  I  have  seen  your  letter  in  Avhich  you  tell  me  that 
I  sent  one  to  King  Almescahen  of  Zaragoza  speaking  contume- 
liously  of  you  and  of  all  your  vassals ;  and  true  it  is  that  I  did 


;150  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  so  speak,  and  I  will  tell  you  for  what  reason.  When  you  were 
<>^v^  with  him  you  spake  contumeliously  of  me  before  hini,  saying  of 
me  the  worst  vou  could,  and  attirmino-  that  I  did  not  dare  enter 
the  lands  of  Abenalfange  for  fear  of  you.  Moreover  Ramon  de 
Bajaran,  and  other  of  your  knights  who  were  with  him,  spake 
ill  of  me  and  of  my  vassals  before  King  Don  Alfonso  of  Castille, 
and  you  also  after  this  went  to  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  said 
that  you  would  have  fought  with  me,  and  driven  me  out  of  the 
lands  of  Abenalfange,  but  that  I  was  dismayed,  and  did  not 
dare  do  battle  with  you ;  and  you  said  unto  liim,  that  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  love  of  him,  you  would  not  have  suffered 
me  to  be  one  day  in  the  land.  Now  then  I  say  that  I  thank 
you  because  you  no  longer  let  me  alone  for  the  love  of  him. 
Come !  here  1  am  ;  this  is  the  plainest  ground  among  these 
mountains,  and  I  am  ready  to  receive  you.  But  I  know  you 
dare  not  come,  for  Moors  and  Christians  know  that  I  conquered 
you  once,  and  took  you  and  your  vassals,  and  took  fi'om  3'e 
all  that  ye  had  Avith  ye  :  and  if  ye  come  now  ye  shall  receive 
the  same  payment  at  my  hands  as  heretofore.  As  for  what 
cap'ite^"^'  thou  sayest  that  I  am  a  false  ti-aitor,  thou  lyest,  and  art  a  false 
/.'asi/"'    traitor  thyself. 

HoiotheCid  XX.  Greatly  was  the  Count  enraged  when  lie  read  this 
cmntiia.  Icttcr,  aud  hc  took  coimsel  with  his  vassals,  and  in  the  night 
time  took  possession  of  the  mountain  above  the  camp  of  the 
Cid,  thinking  that  by  this  means  he  might  con  (pier  him.  On 
the  morrow  the  Cid  sent  away  certain  of  his  company  as  if  they 
were  ikying,  and  bade  them  go  by  such  ways  that  the  French 
miffht  see  tliem,  and  instructed  them  what  to  say  when  they 
should  be  taken.  AY  hen  the  French  saw  them,  they  pursued 
and  took  them,  and  carried  them  before  the  Count,  and  he 
asked  of  them  what  the  Cid  would  do.  Then  made  they  an- 
swc  that  hc  meant  to  fly,  and  had  only  remained  that  da\'  to 


vwn 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  j^j 

put  his  things   in  order  for  flight,  and  as  soon-  as  night  came  BOOK 
lie  M'oiild  make  his  escape  bv  Avay  of  the  mountain.     More-  v.^^A-- 
over  they  said  that   the  Cid  did   not  think   Count  llamon  had 
it  so  much  at  heart  to  give  him  battle,   or  he  would  not  have 
awaited  till  his  coming ;  and  the}'  counselled  the  Count  to  send 
and  take  possession  of  the  passes  by  which  he  meant  to  escape, 
for   so  he  might  easily  take  him.     Then    the    Frenchmen    di- 
vided their  host  into  four  parts,  and  sent  them   to  guard  the 
passes,  and  the  Count  himself  remained   with  one  part  at  the 
entrance  of  the  straits.     The  Cid  was  ready  with  all  his  com- 
pany, and  he  had  sent  the  Moors  Avho  were  with  him  forward 
to   the  passes   ^vhithcr  his  men  had  directed   the   Frenchmen, 
and  tlie}'  lay  in  ambush  thei'e ;  and  when  the  Frenchmen  were 
in  the  strong  places,  and  had  begun  to  ascend,  little  by  little, 
astithey  could,  they  rose  upon  them  from  the  ambush  and  slew 
many,  and   took  others  of  the   Ijcst,  and   among  the  prisoners 
was    Guirabeut  the  brother  of  Ciralte   the   Roman,    who  was 
Avounded  in  the  face.     And  the  Cid  Avent  out  and  attacked  the 
Count,  and  the  battle  was  a  hard  one  ;  the  Count  was  beaten 
from  liis  horse,  nevertheless  his  men  remounted  him,   and   he 
bade  them  stand  to  it  bravely,  and  the  battle  lasted  long  time  ; 
Isut  at  the  end,  he  who  was   never   conquered  won    the    day. 
And  the  Cid  took  a  good  thousand  prisoners ;  among  them  w^as 
Don  Bernalte  de  Tamaris,   and  Giralte  the  Roman,  and  Ricarte 
Guillen.     And  he  put  them  all  in  irons,  and  reproached  them 
saying,  that  he  well  knew  Avhat  his  chivalry  was,  and  his  hardi- 
hood,   and  that  he  should   thus   beat  them  all  down  ;  and  he 
said  to  them  that  he  Avas  in  God's  service,  taking  vengeance 
for  the  ills  Avhich  the  Moors  had  done  unto  the  Christians,  and 
had  done  them  no  Avrong ;  but  tlie}^  being  envious  of  him,  had 
come  to  help   the  ?*Ioors,   therefore  God  had  helped  him,  be- 
cause he  Avas  in  his  service.     And  he  took  their  tents,  and  their 


252  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  horses,  and  tlieir  arms,  which  were  many  and  good  ;  and  muc!i 
«.,/-v>^   gold  and  sih'er,   and  fine  hnen,  and  all  that  they  had,  so  that 
he  and  all  his  company  were  rich   men  Avith  the    spoils.     And 
when  Count  Ramon  heard  in  his  flight  that  the  Cid  had  taken 
all  his   chief  captains,  and  that  well   nigh  all  his    power  was 
either  slain  or  taken,  he  thought  it  best  to  come  unto  the  Cid 
and  trust  unto  his  mercy,  and  he  came  full  humbly  and  put  him- 
self into  his    hands.     And  the  Cid  received  him   full  well    and 
honoured  him  greatly,  and   let  him  go  into  his  own  country. 
And  the  Count  offered  a  price  for  the  prisoners  which  was  a  full 
great   ransom,    and    moreover   the    swords    precious    above    all 
others,  which  were  made  in  other  times  ^.     Bountiful  was  the 
Cid  when  he  received  this   ransom,  and  great  pait  of  it  he  re- 
chr.deicid.  turned  unto  them  again,  and  showed  them  great  courtesy,   and 
lis.  they  did  homage  to  him  never  to  come  aoainst  him  with  any 

Chr.  Gen.  .  ®  * 

#•253.       man  in  the  world. 

Of  the  death       XXI.     When  Abenalfangc  the  King  of  Denia  and   Tortosa 

junge,and    licard   tliis,  lic  was  so  sorely  grieved  that  he  fell  sick  and   died. 

Iww  the  Cid  "^     ^ 

hecmemas-  Hc  left  onc  SOU  who  was  a  little  one,  and   the  sons  of  Euxar 

trr  in  the 

umd.  ^vere  his  guardians.  One  of  these  held  Tortosa  for  the  child,  and 
the  other  held  Xativa,  and  one  who  was  their  cousin  held  Denia. 
And  they  knowing  that  they  could  neither  li\e  in  ])eace,  nor 
yet  have  strength  lor  war,  unless  they  could  have  the  love  of 
the  Cid,  sent  humbly  to  say  unto  him  that  if  he  would  do  no 
hurt  to  their  lands  they  would  do  whatever  he  pleascjJ,  and  pay 


'  jE  mas  las  espridas  pnriatlas  de  todos,  que.  fncraii  de  ot.ro  tempo.  Berganza 
labours  to  prove  that  iliis  \i  not  the  fortuer  story  of  the  Count  of  Barcelona  told 
over  again,  am!  that  the  only  oiior  in  the  Chronicle  is  that  of  mistaking  Beren- 
guer  Ramon  for  bis  brother  Ramon  Berenguer, —  a  mistake  suiliciently  easy 
But  this  circumstance  of  the  swords  makes  against  him,  for  Colada  must:  be 
meant,  and  Coluda  is  mentioned  as  pan  of  the  spoils  in  the  Ibnner  battle. 


■RODHTGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  J53 

kim  yearly  what  he  should  think  o-ood.     And  the  Cid  demanded  BOOK 
of  them  fift\'  thousand  maravedis  of  silver,  every  year  :  and  the  v.>-y7v 
covenant  was  made  between  them,  and  the  whole  country  from 
Tortosa  to  Orihuela  was  under  his  protection  and  at  his  com- 
mand.    And  he  fixed  the  tribute  which  each  Castle  was  to  pay, 
that  it  should  be  certain  ;  and  it  was  as  you  shall  be  told.     The 
Lord  of  Albarrazin  was  to  pay  ten  thousand,  according  to  cove- 
nant as  you  heard  heretotbre,   and  the   Loi'd  of  Alfiiente  ten 
thousand,  and  Monviedro  eight  thousand,  and  Segorbe  six  thou- 
sand, and  Xerica  four  thousand,  and  Almenara  three  thousand. 
Liria  at  that  time  paid  nothing,  for  it  was  in  the  Lordship   of 
Zaragoza;  but  the  Cid  had  it  in  his  heart  to  fight  ^Wth  that 
King.     For  every  thousand   maravedis   a   hundred   more   were 
paid  for  a  Bishop,  whom  the  Moors  called  Alat  Almarian.    And 
yoji  are  to  know  that  whatever  my  Cid  commanded  in  Valencia 
■was  done,  and  whatever  he  forbad  was  forbidden.     And  because 
the    King   wa«   sick    of  a  malady  Avhich  continued  ujxjii  hira 
long  time,  so  that  lie  could  not  mount  on  horseback,    and  was 
seen  by  none,  Valencia  remained   under  the  command  of  his 
Guazil  Abenalfarax,  whom  the  Cid  had  appointed.     And  then 
the  Cid  appointed  trusty  men  in  the  city  who  should  know  to 
how  much  the  rents  amounted,  as  well  those  of  the  land  as  of 
the  sea  ;  aixl  in  every  village  he  placed  a  knight  to   protect  it, 
so  that  none  dared  do  wrong  to  another,  nor  take  any  thing 
from  him.     Each  of  these  knights  had  three  maravedis  daily. 
And  the  people  complained  greatly  of  what  they  gave  these 
knights,  and  of  that  also  which  they  paid  to  King  Yahia.     Yet 
were  they  withal  abundantly   supplied    with  bread,   and   with 
flocks  which  the  Christians  brought  in,  and  with  captives  both  chr.ddCid. 
male  and  female,  and  with  ^Moorish  men  and  women,  who  gave  i.T  "' 
great  sums  for  their  ransom.  ^''ais?'"' 


XXIL  Then  the  Cid  sent  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  biddino; 


J54  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  him  yield  up  the  Bastilles  which  he  had  built  against  "\^alencia ; 
v_.,^   and  the  King  returned  for  answer  that  he  would  not  until  King 
veut\o    '    Yahia  had  paid  him  the  whole  cost  which  he  had  been  at,  when 
n^Mrlgto    he  came  to  his  succour  against   King  Abenalfange.     Then  the 
^"«.         Cid  besieged  Liria,  and  the  people  submitted   unto  him,  that 
they  should  pay  him  yearly  two  thousand  maravedis.     And  he 
overran   the  whole   of  the   King  of  ^aragoza's    country,  and 
brought  great  spoils  to  Valencia.      Noav  at  this  time  a  Moor 
called  Ali  Abenaxa,  the  Adelantado  of  the  Almoravides,  that  is 
to  say,  of  the  Moors  from  beyond  sea,  came  with  a  great  power 
of  the  Moors  of  Andalusia  to  besiege  the  Castle  of  Aledo.     Thi& 
he  did  because  he  knew  that  Kiiig  Don  Alfonso  would  come  to 
its  relief,  and  he  thought  that  peradventurc  the   King  Avould 
bring  with  him  so  small  a  force  that  he  might  sla}'^  or  take  hipi. 
But  when  the  King  heard  of  it  he  assembled  a  great  host,  and 
sent  to  the  Cid,  bidding  him  come  and  aid  him.     And  the  Cid 
went  to  Requena,  believing  that  he  should  meet  the  King  there ; 
but  the  King  went  another  way,  and  the  Cid  not  knowing  this 
tarried  some  days  in  Requena  expecting  him,  because  that  was 
the  road.     And  when  the  Moors  knew  that  King  Don  Alfonso 
was  coming  with  so  great  a  host  to  relieve  the  Castle,  they  de- 
parted, flyings    And  King  Don  Alfonso  came  to  the  Castle,  and 
when  he  came  there  he  found  that  he  was  short  of  victuals,  and 
returned  in  great  distress  for  want  of  food,  and  lost  many  men 
and  many  beasts  Avho  could  not  pass  the  Sierra-  Nevertheless  he 
cap^%o.' '  supplied  the  Castle  well  Avith  arms,  and  Avith  such  food  as  he  could. 
Hffu. /jng         XXIII.     Now  they  Avho  hated  the  Cid  spake  leasing  of  him 
ianiAJX  to  King  Don  Alfonso,  saying  that  he  had  tarried  in  Requena, 
<w  knowmg   that   tlie    King   Avas   gone   another  Avay,   that  so  he 

might  give  the  Moors  oppcn'tunity  to  fall  upon  him.  And  the 
King  believed  them,  and  was  wroth  against  the  Cid,  and  order-*, 
cd  all  that  he  had  m  Castille  to  be  taken  from  him,  and  sent 


RODRIGO   DIAZ   DE   BIVAR.  155 

to  take  his  wife,  and  liis  daughters.  When  the  Cid  heard  this  BOOK 
he  sent  presently  a  knight  to  the  King  to  defend  himself,  say-  v^^y^ 
ing,  that  if  there  were  Count  or  Rico-ome  or  knight  who  would 
maintain  that  he  had  a  better  and  truer  will  to  do  the  King 
service  than  he  had,  he  Avould  do  battle  Avith  him  body  to 
body  ♦,  but  the  King  being  greatly  incensed  Avould  not  hear 
him.  And  Avhen  they  avIio  hated  the  Cid  saw  this,  and  kncAV 
that  the  Cid  Avas  gone  against  a  Castle  near  Zaragoza,  they 
besouo-ht  the  King  to  o-ive  them  force  to  go  against  him  ;  hoAvbeit 
this  the  King  Avould  not.  At  this  time  Ali  Abenaxa,  the  Ade- 
lantado  of  the  Almoravides,  besieged  Murcia,  and  there  Avas 
a  dearth  in  the  city,  and  Alvar  Faiiez  Avho  should  have  relieved 
tliem  did  not,  and  they  Avere  so  closely  beset  that  they  Avere 
compelled  to  yield  up  the  toAvn.  As  soon  as  he  had  taken 
Murcia  he  AA'ent  against  the  Castle  of  Aledo,  of  which  you  have 
heard,  and  assaiUted  it  vigorously,  and  took  it  by  force  and  by 
famine.  And  Avhen  he  had  AA'on  Murcia  and  Aledo,  he  Avish- 
ed  to  have  Valencia  also,  and  they  of  Valencia,  because  of 
the  yoke  of  the  Cid,  longed  to  be  his  vassals,  even  as  the  sick 
man  longeth  after  health.  AVhen  King  Don  Alfonso  heard  Avhat 
Ali  Abenaxa  had  done,  he  made  ready  to  go  against  him. 
And  the  Queen  his  Avife,  and  certain  knights  Avho  Avere  friends 
to  the  Cid,  wrote  to  him  that  he  should  noAV  come  and  sene 
the  King  in  such  a  season,  that  the  King  might  thank  him 
great!}"  and  lay  aside  his  Avrath.  Having  seen  these  letters  the 
Cid  set  out  fi'om   Zaragoza  Avhere  he  Avas,  and  Avent  his  way 


<  Berganza  refers  to  Fr.  Juan  Gil  de  Zamora,nh0  wrote  about  five  centuries 
before  him,  for  a  fuller  account  of  this  part  of  tiie  Cid's  history  ;  and  he  quotes 
from  him  four  different  forms  of  defiance  delivered  in  the  Cid's  name  by  one  of 
his  people  before  the  King;  upon  which  the  King  set  DoiiaXimena  and  her  daugh- 
ters at  hberty,  but  would  do  the  Cid  no  farther  justice.     L.  5.  C.  22.  ^  274.  275. 


156  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  with  a  great  host,  and  advanced  as  far  as  Martos,  where  he  found 

»-rv^  the  King.  And  the  King  received  hilii  honourably,  and  they 
continued  together  till  the  King  passed  the  Sierra  de  Elvira,  and 
the  Cid  went  in  the  plain  below  before  him.  And  they  who 
wished  ill  to  him  said  to  the  King,  The  Cid  came  after  you  like 
one  who  Avas  wearied,  and  now  he  goes  before  you.  And  after  this 
manner  they  set  the  King  again  against  him,  so  that  his  dis- 
pleasure was  greatly  moved.  And  the  Moors  did  not  venture 
to  give  him  battle,  but  left  the  Castle  of  Aledo  and  retreated  to 
Murcia,  and  the  King  returned  to  Ubeda.     And  when  the  Cid 

^z   ,,^,  saAv  that  the  heart  of  the  Kino;  was  chauQ-ed,  he  returned  to. 

cap.  161.     Valencia,  and  the  King  went  back  to  Toledo. 

Hewthecid       XXIV.     After  this    Khio-   Don  Alfonso  drew  fortli  a  OTcat 

laiduiusie  the  ^  ~ 

undsofKing  j^Qst  aud  wcnt  towards  Valencia,  and   sent  to  all  the  Castles 

iJonAlfomo, 

"iidtim-u^.  in   that  land,  saying  that  for  five  years  they    should   pay  him 
*'"''  the  tribute  which  they  Avere  Avont  to  pay  unto  the  Cid.     When 

the  Cid  knew  this  he  sent  to  the  King,  saying,  he  marvelled 
why  the  King  should  thvis  seek  to  dishonour  him,  and  that 
he  trusted  in  God  soon  to  make  him  knoAV  how  ill  he  Avas  advis- 
ed by  those  about  him.  And  presently  the  Cid  gathered  toge- 
ther a  full  great  host  both  of  Moors  and  of  Christians,  and  enter- 
ed the  land  of  King  Don  Alfonso,  burning  and  destroying 
Avhatever  he  found,  and  he  took  Logrono,  and  Alfaro  also,  and 
sacked  it.  While  he  Avas  at  Alfaro,  Count  Garci  Ordonez  and 
certain  other  Ricos-omes  of  Castille  sent  to  say  to  him,  that 
if  he  Avould  tarry  for  them  seven  days,  they  Avould  come  and 
give  him  battle.  He  tarried  for  them  tAveh^e  days,  and  they 
did  not  dare  to  come ;  and  Avhen  the  Cid  saAv  this  he  returned 
to  Zaragoza.  Now  Avhen  King;  Don  Alfonso  kncAv  Avhat  the 
•Cid  had  done  in  his  land,  and  that  the  Ricos-omes  had  not 
dared  fight  against  him,  he  saAv  that  he  had  taken  an  evil  coun- 
sel Avhen  he  set  his  heart  against  him.   And  he  sent  hi&  letters  ta 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  f^j 

the  Cid  saying,  that  he  forgave  him  all  that  he  had  done,  see-  BOOK 
itig  tliat  he  hunself  had   given  ihe  occasion ;  and  he   besought   ^S>r^ 
him  to  com©  t©  Castille,  where  he  should  find  all  things  free 
ivhich  appertained  unto  him.     !Much  was  the  Cid  rejoiced  at 
these  tidings,  and  he  wrote  to  the   King  thanking  him  for  his 
grace,  and  licseeching  him  not  to  give  ear  to  bad  counsellors, 

?i,i,,,-  •  Cir.delOd. 

tor  he  would  alway  be  at  his  service.  cap.  162. 

XXV.     Now  it  came  to  pass,  that  by  reason  of  certain  affairs  HowAbeni. 
the  Cid  tarried  a  long  time  in  Zaragoza.     And  they  of  Valencia  '^imoravida 
bemg  no  longer  kept  m  awe  by  his  presence,  complained  one  to  "i^"""'  '''^ 
another  of  the  oppressions  and  wrongs,  wliich  they  endured  from 
him  and  from  his  servants,  and  from  Abenalfarax,  the  Guazil 
whom  he  had  appointed  ;  and  they  conspired  Avith  an  Alcayde 
who  was  called  Abeniaf     And  when  Abenalfarax   the    Guazil 
understood  how  Abeniaf  cast  about  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the 
city,  he  would  have  taken  him  and  cast  him  in  prison;  but  this  he 
dared  not  do  till  the  Cid  should  come,  and  moreover  he  weened 
that  upon  his  coining  the  disturbance  Avould  cease.  Now  Abeniaf 
knew  that  the  Guazil  was  minded  to  seize  him  if  he  could  have 
dared  so  ta  do,  and  he  sent  his  messengers  to  Ali  Abenaxa  the 
Adelantado  of  the  Almoravides,  who  was  now  Lord  of  Murcia, 
telling  him  to  come  to  Valencia,   and  he  would  deliver  the  city 
into  his  hands.     Moreover  he  took  counsel   Avith  the  Alcayde  of 
Algezira   de  Xucar,  that  the  Alcayde  also  should  send   to  Ali 
Abenaxa,  exhorting  him  to  make  good  speed  himself,  or  to  send 
an  Alcayde  Avith  a  fitting  power,  and  to  come  to  Algezira,   Avhicli 
was  near,    and  then  presently  proceed  to  Valencia.     So  soon  as 
Ali  Abenaxa  had  received  this  message  he  made  speed  to  come, 
and  as  many  Castles  as  Avere  upon  his  road  submitted  unto  him. 
When  the  Alcayde  of  Deniii  heard  of  his  coming,  and   that  all 
these  Castles  had  submitted,  he  durst  not  abide  there,  but  fled 
to  Xativa;  and  Ali  Abenaxa  took  possession  of  Denia^  and  he 


158  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  sent  his  Alcayde  to  Algezira  de  Xucar,  and  took   possession  of 
s^.^^   that  also.     When  these  tidings  came  to  Valencia,    the    i^isliop- 
who  was  there,  and  the  forty  knights  who  were  with  the  messen- 
ger of  the  King  of  Aragon   because  of  the  friendship  between 
their  King  and  the  Cid,  and  all  the  other  Christians  who  were  in 
the  city,  would   no  longer  abide  there,  but  took  of  their  goods 
each  as  much  as  he  could,  and  went  away  in  fear.     And  the 
Guazil  was  greatly  dismayed,    neither  knew  he  what  course  to 
take,  and  Yahia  the  King,  though  he  was  now  healed  of  his 
malady,  neither  mounted  on  horseback,  nor  appeared  abroad. 
Abenalfarax  Avent  unto  him  and  told  him  the  peril  in  Avhich  they 
stood.     And  their  counsel  was,  that  they  should  remove  all  that 
they  had  from  Valencia  and  go  to  the  Castle  of  Segorbe.     Then 
they  sent  away  many  beasts  laden  with  goods  and  with  riches, 
under  the  care  of  a  nephew  of  the  Guazil  and  many  others,  to 
the  Castle  of  Benaecab,  that  is  to  say,  the  Castle  of  the  Eagle, 
to  be  in  charge  of  the  Alcayde  thereof     And  the  King  and  the 
Guazil  bestirred  themselves  and  gathered  together  foot  soldiers 
and  cross-bow  men  to  defend  the  Alcazar,  and  sent  speetlily  to 
Zaragoza,  telling  the  Cid  to  come ;  but  he  could  not  set  forth  so 
speedily  as  need  was :  and  the  stir  which  was  in  the  city  en- 
dured for  full  twenty  days.     Then  that  Alcayde  of  Ali  Abenaxa 
Avho  was  in  Algezira  de  Xucar  set  forward  in  the  first  of  the  nidit 
with  twenty  horsemen  of  the  Almoravides,  and  as  many  more  of 
Algezira,  all  clad  alike  in  green,  that  they  might  all  be  taken  for 
Almoravides ;  and  they  came  by  day-break   to   Valencia  to  the . 
gate  of  Tudela,  and  sounded  their  drums,  and  the  inimour  in^he 
toAvn  was  that  there  were  full  five  hundred  knights  of  the  Almora- 
vides, and  the  Guazil  was  in  great  fear.     And  he  went  to  the 
Alcazar  to  take  counsel  Avith  the  King,  and  they  gave  order  that  the 

ll'as?"'    gates  of  the  town  should  be  barred,  and  that  the  Avails  should  be 

cap.  103.     manned. 


RODRIGO   DIAZ   DE   BIVAR.  j^g 

XXVI.  Then  the  Kino's  soldiers  went  to  the  house  of  Abeniaf  B  O  OK 

V 

the  Alcayde  who  had  sent  for  the  Almoravides,  and  called  unto  «^^-vk> 

him  to  come  forth  that  they  might  take  him  before  the  King ;  but  dlZJw^ 
he  was  trembling  in  great  fear,    and  would  not  come  out.     And  Zliies.  ™*" 
the  men  of  the  town  came  to  his  help,  and  when  he  saw  the  com, 
pany  that  were  on  his  side,  he  came  forth  and  went  with  them  to 
the  Alcazar,  and  entered  it  and  took  the  Guazil  of  the  Cid.    And 
the  townsmen  ran  to  the  gates  and  drove  away  those  of  the  King's 
party  who  guarded  them  ;  and  they  strove  to  beat  the  gates  downs 
but  they  could  not,  and  they  set  fire  to  them  and  burnt   them. 
And  othei*s  let  down  ropes  from  the  walls,   and  drew  up  the  Al- 
moravides.    King  Yahia  put  on  woman's  apparel,  and  fled  Avith 
his  women,  and  hid  himself  in  a  dwellins;  near  unto  a  bath.    And 
the  Almoravides  took  possession  of  the  Alcazar,  and  plundered  it. 
One  Christian  they  slew  who  guarded  the  gates,  and  another  who  chr.  Gen. 
was  of  St.  Maria  de  Albarrazin,  Avho  guarded  one  of  the  toAvers  ^hrMcid. 
of  the  wall.     In  this  manner  was  Valencia  lost.  1T4.'  ^' 

XXVII.  Now  when  Abeniaf  saw  that  all  the  people  were  on  How  Abca. 
his  side,  and  obeyed  him,  his  heart  grew  and  he  was  puffed  up,  ^^"^"0  («"'" 
insomuch  that  he  despised  those  who  were  as  good  as  himself  or 
better.     Albeit  he  Avas  of  good  parentage,  for  his  fathers  before 

him  had  all  been  Alcaydes  ever  since  Valencia  Avas  in  the  hands 
of  the  Moors.  And  because  he  kneAv  that  the  King  had  not  fled 
out  of  the  toAvn,  he  made  search  for  him,  and  found  him  in  the 
house  Avhere  he  had  hidden  himself  Avith  his  Avomen.  Noav  the 
King  Avhen  he  fled  from  the  Alcazar  had  taken  with  him  the  best 
of  his  treasures,  pearls,  among  Avhich  Avas  one  the  most  precious 
and  noble  that  could  be,  so  that  no  Avhere  Avas  there  a  better  one 
to  be  found,  nor  so  good ;  and  precious  stones,  sapphires  and 
rubies  and  emeralds ;  he  had  Avith  him  a  casket  of  pure  gold  fidl 
of  these  things ;  and  in  his  girdle  he  had  hidden  a  string  of  pre- 
cious stones  and  of  pearls,  such  that  no  King  had  so  rich  and 


I 


1^  CHRONICLE    OF  THE   CID, 

BOOK  precious  a  thing  as  that  carkanet.  They  say  tliat  in  former  times 

..^.^^  it  had  belonged  to  Queen  Selcyda,  who  was  wife  to  Alxinarrexit 
King  of  Beleab,  which  is  beyond  sea;  and  afterwards  it  hiul 
come  to  the  Kings  called  Benivo3'as,  who  were  Lords  of  Anda- 
lusia; after  that  King  Aliniaymon  of  Toledo  possessed  it,  and 
gave  it  to  his  wife,  and  she  gave  it  to  the  wife  of  her  son,  who 
was  the  mother  of  this  Yabia.  Greatly  did  Abeniaf  covet  these 
treasures  and  this  carkanet,  and  incontinently  he  thought  in  his 
heart  that  he  might  take  them  and  none  know  thereof,  which  could 
no  ways  be  done  unless  he  slew  King  Yahia.  Wlven  therefore  it 
■was  night  he  gave  order  to  cut  off  his  head,  and  to  throw  it 
into  a  pond  near  the  house  in  which  he  had  been  taken.  This 
Avas  done  accordingly,  and  Abeniaf  took  the  treasures,  and  they 
who  were  set  over  King  Yahia  to  guard  him  and  murder  him, 
took  also  each  what  he  could,  and  concealed  it.  And  the  body 
lay  -where  it  had  been  slain  till  the  foUoAving  day ;  but  then  a 
good  man  who  grieved  for  the  death  of  his  Lord  took  it  up, 
and  laid  it  upon  the  cords  of  a  bed,  and  covered  it  Avith  an  old 
horsecloth,  and  carried  it  out  of  the  toAvn,  and  made  a  grave  for 
it  in  a  place  Avhere  cavnels  were  Avont  to  lie,  and  buried  it  there, 

chr.G(n.    ,yitUoiit  sravecloaths  and  Avithout  any  honours  whatsoever,  as 

S.'^ei?"''  if  the  corpse  had  been  Uie  corpse  of  a  villain. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  SIXTH  BOOK 


OF   THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.   When  Abeniaf  had  slahi  his  Lord,  as  3'ou  have  heard,  he  BOOK 
became  haughty  hke  a  King,  and  gave  no  thought  to  anything  ,  ^'• 
save  to  building  his  own  houses,  and  settins;  guards  round  about  ^'""'^*"'/°/ 

^  '  00  was  greatly 

them  by  day  and  by  night ;  and  he  appointed  secretaries  who  '"'^"^  "''• 
should  write  his  secret  letters,  and  chose  Out  a  body  from  among 
the  good  men  of  the  city  to  be  his  guard.  And  when  he  rode 
out  he  took  with  him  many  knights  and  huntsmen,  all  armed, 
who  guarded  him  like  a  King ;  and  when  he  went  through  the 
streets  the  women  came  out  to  gaze  at  him,  and  shouted  and 
rejoiced  in  him  ;  and  he  being  elated  and  puffed  up  with  these 
vanities,  demeaned  himself  in  all  things  after  the  manner  of  a 
King.  This  he  did  for  the  sake  of  abasing  a  certain  kinsman  of 
his,  Avho  was  chief  Alcayde,  and  who  was  better  and  Aviser  than 
he.  Moreover  he  made  no  account  of  the  Alcayde  of  the  Al-  fijllee^"'' 
moravides  who  held  the  ^Vlcazar,  neither  took  counsel  with  liim  /.  ass'' "' 

Y 


1(]2  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID,  . 

BOOK  concerning  any  thing,  and  he  gave  no  heed  to  him  except  to 
v.^^^;^  supply  hini  and  his  company  with  their  charges,  Avhich  he  did 

right  sj)aringly. 
iioa'thecid  II.  But  when  King  Yahia  was  slain,  his  servants  and  eunuchs 
to  Abcniaf.  and  they  of  liis  household  fled  to  Juballa,  a  Castle  which  was 
held  by  a  kinsman  of  the  Guazil  Abenalfarax,  who  lay  in  prison  ; 
other  some  fled  to  Zaragoza,  and  told  the  Cid  all  that  had  be- 
fallen. The  Cid  was  greatly  grieved  when  he  heard  it,  ancL 
A\  ithout  delay  he  set  forth  with  all  his  people,  and  went  as  fast  as 
he  could  go  to  Juballa,  and  there  they  Avho  had  escaped  from 
Valencia  met  him,  and  besought  him  to  help  them  to  revenge 
the  death  of  their  Lord,  saying  that  they  Avould  follow  him  for 
life  or  for  death,  and  do  whatsoever  he  commanded  them.  Then 
the  Cid  sent  letters  to  Abeniaf,  saying  disdainfully  unto  him, 
that  by  God's  help  he  had  kept  his  Lent  well,  and  accomplished 
his  fast  with  a  worthy  sacrifice  by  murdering  the  King  his  mas- 
ter! and  he  reproached  him  for  the  shame  he  had  done  the 
King  in  casting  his  head  into  the  pond  and  letting  the  body  be 
buried  in  a  dunghill ;  and  at  the  end  of  the  letter  he  bade  Abe- 
niaf give  him  his  corn  which  he  had  left  in  his  granaries  at 
Valencia.  Abeniaf  returned  for  answer  that  his  granaries  had 
all  been  plundered,  and  that  the  city  now  belonged  to  the  King 
of  the  Almoravides ;  and  he  said  that  if  the  Cid  would  serve  that 
King  he  would  do  his  best  to  help  him  that  he  might  win  his 
love.  AVhen  the  Cid  read  this  letter  he  saw  that  Abeniaf  was  a 
fool,  for  he  had  sent  to  reproach  him  for  the  death  of  his  Lord, 
and  the  answer  which  he  had  returned  was  concerning  another  mat- 
ter ;  and  he  then  knew  that  Abeniaf  Avas  not  a  man  to  keep  the 
power  which  he  coveted.  So  he  sent  other  letters  to  him,  calling 
him  and  all  who  Avere  with  him  traitors,  and  saying  that  he 
«p.'?67^ '''■  would  never  leave  from  making  Avar  against  them  till  lie  had 
/'"as?"    taken  vengeance  for  the  death  of  King  Yahia. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


163 


III.  And  the  Cid  sent  letters  to  all  the  Castles  round  abont,  BOOK 
bidding  them  supply  his  host  with  victuals,  and  do  it  speedily,  v^J^ 
or  he  would  do  all  he  could  to  destroy  them.  And  there  was  Sge"f 
was  none  to  gainsay  him  :  and  all  obeyed  his  commands  in  this  "^"'"'"''' 
matter,  saving  Aboeza  Abenlupo,  for  he  was  a  discreet  man, 
and  perceived  w^hat  was  to  come,  and  in  what  this  was  to  end: 
moreover  he  feared  that  if  he  should  not  do  as  the  Cid  com- 
manded, the  Cid  would  put  him  out  of  the  world,  and  no  one 
would  be  able  to  protect  him  ;  and  if  he  should  do  it,  then  he 
feared  least  he  should  be  banished.  So  he  sent  to  the  Cid  to 
say  he  would  do  his  pleasure,  and  he  sent  also  to  Abenrazin,  the 
Lord  of  Albarrazin,  saying  that  he  would  give  him  Monviedro 
and  the  other  Castles  in  his  possession,  and  bidding  him  make 
his  terms  with  the  Cid,  for  as  touching  himself,  he  desired  to 
have  no  dispute,  but  to  come  off  with  his  company  and  his  own 
person  in  peace.  When  Abenrazin  heard  this  he  was  Avell  pleased  • 
and  he  went  to  Monviedro  with  all  speed,  and  took  possession 
of  the  Castle.  From  the  time  that  King  Yahia  was  slain  till 
this  time,  was  twenty  and  six  days.  And  when  Abenrazin  had 
got  possession  of  the  Castle  of  Monviedro  he  came  to  the  Cid, 
and  established  love  with  him,  and  made  a  covenant  that  there 
should  be  buying  and  selling  between  his  Castles  and  the  host, 
and  that  he  would  provide  food,  and  that  the  Cid  should  not 
make  war  upon  him.  And  upon  this  they  made  their  writinos, 
which  were  full  fast ;  and  Abenrazin  returned  to  his  own  land, 
and  left  one  to  keep  Monviedro  for  him ;  and  Abenlupo  went 
with  him,  taking  with  him  his  Avives  and  his  children  and  his 
people  and  all  that  he  had,  and  he  thought  himself  well  off  that 
he  had  escaped  Avith  his  body,  for  he  desired  to  have  nothino'  to 
do  Avith  the  Cid.  And  the  Cid  lay  before  Juballa,  and  sent  out 
his  foragers  towards  Valencia  twice  a  day  ;  one  party  Avent  in  the 
mornmg,   and   another  toAvards   night;    and    thej   sIcav  many 


VI. 


|(J4  CHKOiNlCLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  Moors,  and  made  many  prisoners,  and  made  prey  of  all  the 
riocks  -which  they  found  Avithout  the  walls  ;  nevertheless  the  Citl 
commanded  that  no  hurt  should  be  done  to  those  of  the  land  of 
Moya,  nor  to  the  husbandmen,  but  that  they  who  laboured  to 
})roduce  bread  and  wine  should  be  protected  and  encouraged  ; 
and  this  he  did  thinking  that  what  they  raised  would  l)e  lor 
l)im  when  he  shoidil  lay  siege  unto  the  town ;  and  he  said  this  to 
his  knights  ami  Adalides  and  Ahnocadenes,  and  took  homage  of 
them  that  they  should  obey  him  therein.  All  this  time  the  Cid 
held  that  Castle  besieged,  so  that  none  could  enter  in  nor  come 
out  thereof;  and  it  is  said  that  terms  had  secretly  been  made 
with  him  to  yield  it  up,  but  that  it  was  so  to  be  done  that  the 
other  Moors  might  believe  they  had  yielded  from  great  necessity, 
for  it  was  not  stored  so  as  to  be  able  to  hold  out  long.  And 
while-  the  Cid  lay  before  Juballa,  all  the  spoil  which  his  Almo- 
gavares  took  they  brought  to  the  host,  and  from  the  host  it  was 

i'krMCid.  taken  and  sold  at  Monviedro.     Many  laden  beasts  came  every 

i'o»'.'   ■     day,  and  there  was  plenty  in  the  host. 

HowtheCid      lY.    Abeniaf  gathered  togetlier  the  knights  who  were  natives 

against  Fa.  of  tlic  city  aud  vassals  to  the  King  whom  he  had  slain,  and  sent 
for  others  Avho  were  in  Denia,  so  that  in  all  they  were  three 
hundred  knights,  and  maintained  them  with  the  bread  Avhich 
was  in  the  granaries  of  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  and  with  the  rents  and 
possessions  of  those  avIio  had  been  the  King's  officers,  and  who 
were  gone  from  Valencia,  and  with  the  customs ;  from  all  these 
did  he  give  these  knights  whatsoever  they  stood  in  need  of. 
And  he  took  no  counsel  with  the  Alcayde  of  the  Almoravides 
concerning  any  thing  which  he  did,  neither  with  any  one,  nor 
did  he  care  a  jot  for  them.  And  when  the  Alcayde  and  the 
Almoravides  saw  that  he  made  himself  master  in  the  city,  and 
how  every  thing  that  he  did  was  by  his  own  will,  they  were 
offended  therewith.     The  sons  of  Aboegib  were  offended  also : 


Chr.  ircn. 


RODRIGO  DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  |(35 

and  they  and  the  Almoravides  placed  their  love  upon  each  other,  BOOK 
and  took  counsel  together  against  him,  and  became  of  one  v^^^-l^ 
[)arty,  and  they  bare  great  hatred  against  him,  and  he  against 
them.  All  this  while  the  Cid  la}'  before  Juballa,  and  every  day 
he  scoured  the  country  to  the  gates  of  Valencia,  early  in  the 
morning,  and  at  noon  day,  and  at  night,  so  that  he  never  let 
them  rest.  And  the  three  hundred  knig-hts  whom  Abeniaf  had 
collected  went  out  against  his  foragers,  with  the  men  of  the 
town,  and  the  Christians  slew  many  of  them,  so  that  there  were 
lamentations  daily  within  the  walls,  and  wailings  over  the  dead 
that  were  brought  in.  And  in  one  of  these  skirmishes,  a  rich 
IVIoor  was  taken  who  was  Alcayde  of  Acala,  Avhich  is  near  Tor- 
ralva,  and  they  gave  him  grievous  torments  till  he  ransomed 
himself  for  ten  thousand  marks  of  silver  ;  and  moreover  he  gave 
the  houses  which  he  had  in  A  alencia,  A\hich  were  called  the 
houses  ot  Anava,  to  be  theu's  if  peradvcnture  the  town  should  be  "^  i^^- 

*  ,  Chr.  Gen. 

yielded  up.  /•  "^^^ 

V.  AVhen  the  Citl  knew  that  there  was  great  hatred  between  ^""''efia 

^  offered  to 

Abeniaf,  and  tlie  Almoravides  and  the  sons  of  Aboeaib,  he  de-  "w'"'^*^- 

O        '  maji  who 

vised  means  how  to  set  farther  strife  between  them,  and  sent  "^T'' '" 

'  send  away 

privily  to  prot!er  his  love  to  Abeniaf  on  condition  that  tlicy  f'def.'"'"''" 
should  expel  the  Almoravides  out  of.  the  town;  saying,  that  if  he 
did  this,  he  would  remain  Lord  thereof,  and  the  Cid  would  help 
him  in  this,  and  Avould  be  good  to  him,  as  he  knew  he  had  been 
to  the  King  of  Valencia,  and  would  defend  him.  When  Abeniaf 
heard  this  he  was  well  pleased,  thinking  that  he  should  be  King 
of  Valencia.  And  he  took  counsel  with  Abenalfarax  the  Guazil 
of  the  Cid,  whom  he  held  prisoner,  and  Abenalfarax,  Avith  the 
hope  of  getting  out  of  prison,  counselled  him  to  do  thus,  and 
to  accept  the  love  of  tiie  Cid.  Then  sent  he  to  the  Cid,  saying 
that  he  would  do  all  winch  he  commanded  to  gain  his  love,  and  rap/i'o."^ 
lie  began  to  stop  the  alloAvance  of  the  Almoravides,  saying  that  ^.257/"' 


IQQ  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  he  could  give  them  nothing,  for  he  had  nothing  whereof  to  give; 
,^^,.^   th.is  did   he  to    the  end  that  they  might  go  their  way,  for  he 

lacked  not  means. 
HowAbenirf      VI.     At  this  time    All  Abenaxa,  the  Alcayde  who  was  in 

sent  threat 

treJurei  to    Dcnia,  scnt  to  Abcniaf,  saying  unto  him  that  he  should  send  of 

the  MiTama- 

""''"•  that  treasure,  and  of  those  jewels  which  he  had  taken  from 
King  Yahia,  to  the  Miramamolin  beyond  sea ;  Avith  the  which 
he  would  gather  together  a  great  power,  and  cross  the  sea,  and 
come  against  the  Cid,  to  help  the  people  of  Valencia,  and  pro- 
tect them  against  the  Cid,  who  did  so  much  evil  to  them  all. 
And  Abeniaf  took  counsel  with  the  men  of  Valencia  concerning 
this  matter,  whether  he  should  send  this  to  the  Miramamolin 
beyond  sea  or  not.  And  the  old  men  advised  him  that  he  should, 
and  the  others  that  he  should  not.  And  Abeniaf  took  the  trea- 
sures, and  hid  the  best  part  thereof  for  himself,  for  none  knevr 
what  it  was ;  and  the  rest  he  sent  by  his  messengers,  Abenalfarax 
the  Guazil  of  the  Cid  being  one  ;  and  they  took  their  departure 
from  Valencia  Avith  great  secresy,  least  the  Cid  should  knoAV  it 
and  overtake  them  upon  the  road.  But  Abenalfarax  devised 
means  to  let  the  Cid  knoAv,  and  sent  him  a  messenger.  And  the 
Cid  sent  horsemen  to  follow  their  track,  who  caught  them,  and 
took  the  treasure,  and  brought  it  to  the  Cid.  Greatly  did  he 
thank  Abenalfarax  for  having  served  him  so  Avell  at  that  season, 
and  putting  the  treasure  into  his  hands,  and  he  promised  him 
goodly  guerdon ;  and  he  made  him  chief  over  all  the  Moors  Avho 
were  his  subjects.  At  this  time  the  Alcayde  of  Juballa  yielded 
up  the  Castle  to  the  Cid,  and  the  Cid  placed  another  therein, 
and  went  up  with  his  host  against  Valencia,  and  encamped  in  a 
village  Avhich  is  called  Deroncada.  And  as  the  seed  time  was 
chr.dticii.  now  over,  he  burnt  all  the  villages  round  about,  and  Avasted  all 
*iu.  '  that  belonged  to  Abeniaf  and  his  lineage,  and  he  burnt  the 
/.257.       mills,   and  the  barks  which  Avere  in  the  river.     And  he  ordered 


ciidia. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  267 

the  corn  to  be  cut,  for  it  was  now  the  season,    and  he  beset  the  BOOK 
city  on  all  sides,  and  pulled  down  the  houses  and  towers  Avhich  v^-J;^ 
were  round  about,  and   the  stone  and  wood  thereof  he  sent  to 
Juballa,  to  make  a  town  there  beside  the  Castle. 

A'll.     At  this  time  there  came  the  Guazil    of  the    King  of  Howthecid 
Zaragoza  to  the  host  of  the  Cid,  bringing  with  him  great  trea-  urbofAi- 
sui'es  which  the  King  had  sent  for  the  redemption  of  the  cap- 
tives, for  ruth  which  he  had  of  them,  and  also  that  he  might  have 
his  reward  from  God  in  the  other  world.     He  came  also  to  talk 
with  Abeniaf  and  counsel  him  that  he  should  give  up  the  city  to 
the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  the}'  would   send  away  the  Almora- 
vides,  and  the  King  would  protect  him  ;  but  Abeniaf  Avould  give 
no  ear  to  this,  and  the  Guazil  said  unto  him  that  he  would  re- 
pent not  having  taken  this  advice.     On    the  second  day  after 
this  Guazil  had  arrived,   the   Cid  attacked  the  suburb  which  is 
called    \'\\\xi  Xueva,  and  entered  it  by  force,  and  slew  many 
Moors,  both  men  of  Andalusia  and^Almoravides,  and  plundered 
all  that  they  found,  and  pulled  down  the  houses,  and  the  wood 
and  stone  the  Cid  sent  to  Juballa,   and  he  set  a  guard  there  that 
the  Moors  might  not  recover  the  place.     On  the  morrow  the 
Cid  attacked  another  suburl:),  which  is  called  Alcudia,  and  there 
Avere  a  great  body  of  the  Moors  gathered  together  there.     x4nd 
he  sent  a  part  of  his  host  against  the  gate  of  Alcantara,  bidding 
them  attack  the  gate,  while  he  fought  against  them  in  Alcudia ; 
and  he  thought  that  by  God's  mercy  perad venture  he  should 
enter  the  town.     And  the  Cid  with  his  company  rode  among 
that  great  multitude  of  the  Moors,   smiting  and  slaying  without 
mercy,  and  the  Cid's  horse  trampled  over  the  dead,  and  stumbled 
among   them   and  fell,  and  the  Cid  remained  afoot.     Howbeit 
the}'  brought  him  to  horse  again,  and  he  continued  smiting  and 
laying  on  strenuously,    so  that  the  Moors  were  amazed  at  the 
gi-eat  mortality  which  he  made  among  them,  and  maugre  all  they 


IQQ  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  could  do,  were  fain  to  fly  into  the  town.  And  they  whom  he  had 
<,J>J^^  sent  against  tlie  gate  of  Alcantara,  attacked  it  so  bravely  that 
they  would  have  entered  the  city,  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  boys 
and  the  women,  ^rho  were  upon  the  wall  and  in  the  to-svers,  and 
threw  down  stones  upon  them.  And  this  while  the  cry  went  forth 
in  the  city,  and  many  horsemen  sallied  forth  and  fought  with 
the  Christians  before  the  bridge,  and  the  battle  lasted  from 
morning  until  mid-day,  and  Avhen  they  separated,  the  Cid  re- 
turned to  his  cam  J).  And  when  the  Cid  had  taken  food,  he  re- 
turned after  the  siesta  to  attack  the  suburb  of  Alcudia;  and  this 
attack  Avas  so  vigorous  that  they  who  dwelt  therein  thought  the 
place  would  be  forced,  and  they  began  to  cry  out,  Peace !  peace  ! 
being  in  great  fear.  Then  the  Cid  bade  his  men  give  over  the 
attack,  and  the  good  men  of  the  suburb  came  out  to  him,  and 
whatsoever  terms  of  security  they  asked,  he  granted  them  ;  and 
he  took  possession  of  the  suburb  that  night,  and  set  his  guards 
therein ;  and  he  commanded  his  people  that  they  should  do  no 
wrong  to  them  of  Alcudia,  and  if  any  one  oftended  he  said 
that  his  head  should  be  smitten  off:  so  he  returned  that  night  to 
the  camp.  And  on  the  morrow  he  came  there,  and  assembled 
together  the  Moors  of  that  place,  and  comforted  them  much 
M'ith  his  speeches,  and  promised  that  he  Avould  favour  them 
greatly  and  not  oppress  them,  and  bade  them  till  their  fields  and 
tend  their  flocks  securely,  saying  that  he  would  take  only  a  tenth 
of  the  fruit  thereof,  as  their  law  directed.  And  he  placed  a 
Moor  there  named  Yucef,  to  be  his  Almoxarife,  that  is  to  say,  his 
Receiver.  And  he  gave  orders  that  all  Moors  Avho  would  come 
and  dwell  therein  might  come  securely,  and  they  also  who  would 
bring  food  thither  for  sale,  and  other  merchandize.  So  much 
t:hr.dcicid.  food  and  much  merchandize  were  brought  there  from  all  parts, 
m.*''*'     and  that    suburb   became   like  a  city,   and  there  was  plenty 

Chr.  Gen.         , 

/.  357.       therem. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^Qg 

VIII.     Xow  when  the  Cid  Ruydicz  had  gotten  possession  of  BOOK 

the  suburbs,  he  cut  oft"  from  Valencia  both    the  ingress  and  the L/ 

egress,  and  they  of  the  town  were  greatly  straightened,  and  knew  it/ln?"-^ 
not  what  they  should  do,  and  they  repented  them  that  they  had  TheMmL- 
not  listened  to  what  the  King  of  Zaragoza  sent  to  counsel  them,  »«"/ °"U 
for  they  had  none  to  help  them  ;  and  the  Almoravides  were  in  "' 
the  like  straight,  for  they  had  none  to  look  to,  and  the  pay 
which  they  were  wont  to  receive  failed,  both  to  llicm  and  lo 
the  other  knights.  All  this  time  Abeniaf  secretly  continued  his 
love  Avith  the  Cid,  for  he  had  not  departed  from  the  promise 
which  he  had  made  him  to  send  away  the  Almora\  ides,  and  put 
himself  under  his  protection.  And  they  took  counsel  too-ether 
in  this  distress,  both  the  Almoravides  and  the  men  of  the  town, 
how  they  might  obtain  the  love  of  the  Cid,  in  whatever  manner 
they  could,  so  that  they  might  remain  in  peace  in  the  city  till 
they  had  sent  to  the  Miramamolin  beyond  sea,  and  received  his 
commands ;  and  they  sent  to  the  Cid  to  say  this.  But  he  made 
answer  that  he  would  make  no  treaty  with  them  till  they  had 
sent  away  the  Almoravides.  And  they  of  the  town  told  the 
Almoravides  \\liat  the  Cid  had  said,  and  these  Africans  were 
well  pleased,  being  full  Aveary  of  that  place,  and  said  that  they 
would  go  their  Avay,  and  that  it  would  be  the  happiest  day  of 
their  lives,  that,  Avhcrcin  they  should  depart.  So  the}'  made  their 
covenant  that  the  Almoravides  should  be  placed  in  safety,  and 
that  they  should  pay  the  Cid  for  all  the  corn  which  was  in  his 
granaries  at  the  time  when  King  Yahia  was  slain.  And  more- 
o^er  the  thousand  maravedis  per  week  which  they  Avere  Avont  to 
pay  liim  should  be  paid  for  the  Avhole  time  Avhich  they  had  been 
in  arms,  and  also  from  that  time  forth.  And  that  the  suburb 
which  he  had  Avon  should  be  his  ;  and  that  his  host  should  remain 
in  Juballa  so  long  as  they  continued  in  that  land.  And  upon  this  capifa.''^ 
they  made  their  Avritings,   and  confirmed  them.     And  the  Alrao-  /! 

z 


Chr.  Gen, 


■jyQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  ravides  departed  from   Valencia,  and  horsemen  Mere  sent  uith 
,,.^<>^   them,  who  conducted  them  in  safety,  and  the  INIoors  of  Valen- 
cia were  left  in  peace. 
How  juhai.      IX.     Tlien  the  Cid  Avcnt  with  all  his  host  to  Juballa,  leaving 
gre^auLn.    nonc  but  sucli  as  v/cre  to  collect  his  rents  with  his  Almoxarife. 
And  Abeniaf  cast  aliout  how  he  might  pay  the  Cid  for  the  corn, 
and  also  what  else  was  to  be  given  him.     And  he  made  terms 
with  those  who  held  the  Castles  round  about  \'alencia,  that  they 
should  pay  him  the  tenth  of  all  their  fruits  and  of  all  their  other 
rents.     Now  this  was  the  season  for  gathering  in  the  fruit,   and 
he  appointed  men  in  every  place  Avho  should  look  to  it,  and  see 
it  valued,  and  receive  the  tenth  ;  a  INloor  and  a  Christian  did  he 
appoint  in  every  place,  who  were  to  receive  this,  and  to  gather 
the  corn  also  into  the  granaries :  and  this  Avas  done  after  such 
manner  that  the  Cid  had  his  tribute  Avell  paid.     At  this  time  came 
tidings  to  Valencia,  that  the  Almoravides  were  coming   again 
Avith  a  great  poAver,  and   the  Cid  devised  hoAV  he  might  prevent' 
their  coming,  or  if  they  came  how  he  might  fight  against  them. 
And  he  sent  to  tell  Abeniaf  to  forbid   them  from  coming,  for  if 
they  should  enter  the  toAvn  he  could  not  be  Lord  thereof,  Avhich 
it  Avas  better   he   should  be,  and  the  Cid   Avould    protect   him 
against  all  his  enemies.     Well  Avas  Abeniaf  pleased  at  this ;  and 
he  held  a  talk  with  the  Alcayde  of  Xativa,    and  Avith  him  Avho 
held   the  Castle  of  Carchayra ;  and  they  agreed  to  be  of  one 
voice.     And  they  came  to  A'^alencia,  and  the  Cid  came  to  his 
suburb;  and  they  confirmed  love  Avith  him  in  great  secrecy.     But 
he  Avho  had  the  Castle  of  Algezira  would  not  be  in  this  covenant 
with  them,  and  the  Cid  sent  parties  into  his  lands,  and  did  him 
much  evil ;  and  the  Alcayde  of  Juballa  Avent  against  him,  and 
cut  doAvn  all  his  corn  and  brought  it  to  Juballa,  Avhich  the  Cid 
had  made  a  great  toAvn  Avith  a  church  and  Avith  towers,  and  it  Avas 
a  goodly  place ;  and  there  he  had  his  corn  and  his  other  things, 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jy| 

and  his  rents  were  all  brought  thither,  and  it  abounded  with  all  BOOK 
things  ;  and   men  held  it  for  a  great  mancl  that  in  so  short  v_!Jl_, 
time  he  had  made  so  great  a  town,  which  was  so  rich  and  so 
plentiful.     And  the  Cid  thought  to  have  Valencia  if  the  Almora- 
vides  did  not  come,  and  for  this  reason  did  all  that  he  could  to  cup.tf^"'' 

,     ,  1       .  •  '  Chr.  Gen. 

prevent  their  comnig.  /.  us. 

X.  At  this  time  Abenrazin  tlie  Lord  of  Albarrazin  cove-  How  the  od 
nanted  with  the  King  of  Aragon  that  the  King  should  help  upmAtLr- 
him  to  win  Valencia,  and  he  would  give  him  great  treasures ; 
and  he  gave  him  in  pledge  a  Castle  which  is  called  Toalba. 
And  in  this  which  he  did  he  gained  nothing,  but  he  lost  the 
Castle.  Now  this  Abenrazin  had  made  covenant  with  the 
Cid,  so  that  they  were  friends,  and  the  Cid  had  never  done 
hurt  in  his  lands.  And  when  he  knew  this  that  he  had  done 
with  the  King  of  Aragon,  he  held  himself  to  have  been  deceived 
and  dealt  falsely  with ;  howbeit  he  dissembled  this,  and  let 
none  of  his  company  wit,  till  they  had  gathered  in  all  the 
corn  from  about  Algezira  de  Xucar,  and  carried  it  to  Juballa. 
When  this  Avas  done,  he  bade  his  men  make  ready,  and  he 
told  them  not  whither  they  were  to  go,  and  he  set  forward  at 
night  toward  Albarrazin,  and  came  to  the  Fountain.  Now  that 
land  was  in  peace,  and  the  dwellers  thereof  kept  neither  watch 
nor  ward ;  and  his  foragers  slew  many,  and  made  many  prison- 
ers, and  drove  gi'eat  tiocks  and  herds,  sheep  and  kine,  and 
brood  mares,  and  prisoners  all  together,  and  they  carried  away 
all  the  corn ;  and  they  sent  all  the  spoil  to  Juballa,  and  it 
was  so  great  that  Valencia  and  Juballa  and  all  their  depen- 
dencies were  rich  with  cattle  and  with  other  thinos.  AVliile  the 
Cid  lay  before  AlbaiTazin,  as  he  one  day  rode  forth  with  five  of 
his  knights  to  disport  himself,  there  came  twelve  knights  out  of 
the  town,  thinking  to  slay  him  or  take  him.  And  he  pricked 
fonvard  against  them,  and  encountered  them  so  bravely  that 


IJO  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CM), 

BOOK  he  slew  twain,  and  other  twain  he  overthrew,  so  thai  they  were 

v.^^v-Ly   taken,  and  th.c  rest  Averc  put  to  tlight :    but  he  remained  Avith 

a  wound  in  his  throat  tiom  the  jnish  of  a  s.pear,  and  they  thought 

chr.dciCid.  ]jj^  -would  have  died   ot"  thai  a\ ound  ;   and  it  v.as  three  weeks 

cap .  I  7  ^  • 

i*259^"''    before  it  was  liealed. 

HoioAicnmf      XI.  Now  Came  true  tidings  to  Valencia  that  the  host  of  the 

tent  for  Ihe  .  i        i  i  t 

cid.  Ahnoravides  Avere  coninig,  and  tiiat  tliey  Avere  uoav  at  Lorca, 

and  the  son  in  hiAv  of  the  Miramaniolin  at  tlieir  head,  for  he 
himself  coidd  not  come,  by  reason  that  he  ailed.  They  of  Va- 
lencia took  courage  at  these  tidings,  and  Avaxed  insolent,  and 
began  to  devise  how  they  should  take  vengeance  upon  Abeniaf, 
and  upon  all  those  Avho  had  oppressed  tliem.  And  Abeniaf  Avas 
in  great  trouble  at  this  Avhich  Avas  said  ojienly  concerning  him, 
and  he  sent  privily  to  tlie  Cid,  telling  him  to  come  as  soon  as 
might  be.  Tlie  Cid  Avas  then  before  Albarrazin,  doing  all  the  evil 
that  he  could,  and  he  brake  up  his  camp  and  came  Avitli  his  host 
to  Juballa;  and  Abeniaf  and  the  Alcaydes  of  Xativa  and  Car- 
chayra  came  vmto  him,  and  they  renewed  their  covenant  to 
stand  by  each  other,  and  be  of  one  voice.  And  they  took  coun- 
sel and  made  a  letter  for  the  leader  of  the  army  of  the  Almora^ 
vides,  Avherein  they  told  him  that  the  Cid  had  made  a  treaty 
Avith  the  King  of  Aragon,  Avhereby  the  King  bound  himself  to 
help  him  against  them  ;  and  they  bade  him  bcAvare  how  he  came 
towards  Valencia,  unless  he  chose  to  do  battle  Avith  eight  thou- 
sand Christian  horsemen,  covered  Avith  iron,  and  the  best  Avar- 
riors  in  the  Avorld.     This  did  they  thinking  that  he  Avould  be 

sap.  176.     dismayed   and  turn  Ijack :  but  the  Moor  did  not  cease  to  ad- 

Chr.  Gtn.  -^  . 

/•  "s-       vance,  notAvithstanding  this  letter. 

ihwthccii      XII.  There  Avas  a  warden  nio-h  unto  Valencia  Avhich  had  be- 

iaftoghe    longed  to  Abenalhazis,  and  the  Cid  asked  Abeniaf  to  give  it  him, 

hiin  a  gar-  ^  ^  ^  ^ 

'^"'-  that  he  might  lake  his  pleasure  there  Avhen  he  Avas  disposed  to 

solace  himself.     This  he  did  cunningly,  tliat  Avhen  the  Almora- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    1)E    BIVAR.  '  i-7'> 

1  /  o 

viiles  heard  how  this  warden  had  been  oiven  him  wliich  was  so  BOOK 
nigh  unto  the  city,  they  should  ween  that  the  men  of  Valencia   „X}^ 
had  given  it,  and  tha*  they  were  better  pleased  Avith  his  com- 
pany than  with  theirs.    libeniaf  granted  it.    And  the  Cid  was 
wary,  and  would  not  enter  it  till  a  gateway  had  been  opened 
into  the  garden,  for  the  entrance  was  through  narrow  streets, 
and  the  Cid  wou'd  not  trust  himself  in  those  strait  places  :  so 
Abeniaf  ordered  the  gate  to  be  made,  and  told  the  Cid  that  he 
would  be  his  host  on  a  day  appointed.     And  Abeniaf  bedecked 
the  gate  of  this  garden  full  richly,  and  spread  costly  carpets,  and 
ordered  the  way  to  be  strewn  witli  rushes,  and  made  a  great 
feast,  and  exj^ected  him  all  the  day,  but  he  did  not  come.    And 
when  it  was  night  he  sent  to  say  that  lie  was  sick  and  could  not 
come  :  and  he  prayed  him  to  hold  him  excused.     This  he  did  to 
see  Avhether  they  of  Valencia  would  murmur  against  him.     And 
the  sons  of  Aboegib  and  all  the  people  murmured  greatly,   and 
woidd  fain  in  their  hearts  have  risen  against  Abeniaf,  but  they 
durst  not  because  of  the  Cid,  Avith  Avhom  they  would  not  tall 
out  least  he  should  lay  waste  all  that  Avas  without  the  Avails. 
And  they  looked  daily  for  the  Almoravides,  and  one  day  they 
said,  Lo !  noAv  they  are  coming :  and  on  the  morroAV  they  said. 
They  are  coming  not.     And  in  this  manner  some  days  past  on. 
And  the  murmur  Avhich  there  had  been  concernino;  the  garden 
died  away;  and  then  the  Cid  entered  it,  and  took  possession  of  ekr.deiad. 
the  Avhole  suburb  of  Alcudia  round  about  it :  and  this  he  did  Tys. 
peaceably,  for  the  Moors  and  Christians  dwelt  there  together.      /  259. 
_  XIII,    NoAv  came  true  tidings  that  the  host  of  the  Almora-  iiowthey 
vides,  which  was  at  Lorca,  was  coming  on  through  Miircia,  and  took  courage 

■"  becaust  of 

that  tne  tarriance  Avhich  they  had  made  had  been  bv  reason  of  "'•^"W"""^'' 

_    '  'if  the  Jlmo- 

their  Captain,  Avho  had  fallen  sick,    but  he  Avas   now  healed,  '■""''"'• 
and  tlicy  Avere  adA^ancing  fast.     And  the  sons  of  A boe alb  and 
great  part  of  the   people  rejoiced  in  these   tidings,    and  took 


jy^  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 

BOOK  heart:  and  Aheniaf  was  in  great  fear,  and  he  began  to  excuse 
.Ji^  himself  to  the  men  of  the  town,  and  said  unto  them  to  pacify 
them,  that  they  did  him  wrong  to  eoniplai*;  of  him  for  the  garden 
Avhich  the  Cid  had  asked  of  him,  inasnmch  as  lie  had  only 
given  it  him  to  disport  himself  therein  for  some  days  and  take 
his  pleasure,  and  that  he  would  make  him  leave  it  again  when- 
ever it  should  please  them.  Moreover  he  said,  that  seeing  they 
were  displeased  with  what  he  had  done,  he  would  take  no 
farther  trouble  upon  him ;  but  would  send  to  break  off  his  cove- 
nant with  the  Cid,  and  send  to  bid  him  look  out  for  others  to 
collect  his  payments,  for  he  would  have  the  charge  no  longer. 
This  he  said  in  his  cunning,  thinking  that  he  should  pacify  them ; 
but  they  understood  his  heart,  and  they  cried  aloud  against 
him  that  they  would  not  stand  to  his  covenant,  nor  by  his  coun- 
sel, but  that  the  sons  of  Aboegib  should  counsel  them,  and 
whatsoever  they  should  think  good,  that  would  they  do.  And 
they  gave  order  to  fasten  the  gates  of  the  town,  and  to  keep 
watch  upon  the  towers  and  walls.  When  Abeniaf  saw  this  he 
ceased  to  do  as  he  had  been  wont  for  fear  of  the  people  and  of 
chr.ddcid.  the  sons  of  Aboegib,  and  took  unto  himself  a  greater  company 
179  to  be  his  guard.     And  the  war  was  renewed  between  the  Cid 

Chr.  Gen.  ° 

f-  ^^°-       and  the  people  of  Valencia. 

Of  the  great  XIV.  Now  camc  true  tidings  that  the  host  of  the  Almoravides 
uind  which  was  nigh  unto  Xativa  ;  and  the  people  of  Valencia  were  glad 
Mmoravides  aud  rejoiccd,  for  they  thought  that  they  were  now  delivered  from 

•e  (urn  back.  .  ]/•  i  •  ri/^-iAi 

their  great  misery,  and  from  the  oppression  of  the  Cid.  And 
when  he  heard  these  tidings  he  left  the  garden  and  went  to  the 
place  where  his  host  was  encamped,  which  was  called  Xarosa, 
and  remained  there  in  his  tents,  and  he  was  at  a  stand  what  he 
should  do,  whether  to  abide  the  coming  of  the  Almoravides,  or 
to  depart ;  howbeit  he  resolved  to  abide  and  see  what  would 
befall.    And  he  gave  order  to  break  down  the  bridges  and  open 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  jy^ 

the  sluices,  that  the  plain  might  be  flooded,  so  that  they  could  BOOK 
only  come  by  one  way,  which  was  a  narrow  pass.     Tidings  now  v.^rv-0 
came  that  the  host  of#the  Almoravides  was  at  Algezira  de  Xucar, 
and  the  joy  of  the  people  of  Valencia  increased,  and  they  went 
uj)on  the  walls  and  upon  the  towers  to  see  them  come.     And 
when  night  came  they  remained  still  upon  the  walls,  for  it  was 
was  dark,  and  they  saw  the  great  fires  of  the  camp  of  the  Almo- 
ravides, which  they  had  pitched  near  unto  a  place  called  Bacer ; 
and  they  began  to  pray  unto  God,  beseeching  him  to  give  them 
good  speed  against  the  Christians,  and  they  resolved  as  soon  as 
the  Almoravides  Avere  engaged  in  battle  with  the  Cid,  that  they 
would  issue  forth  and  plunder  his  tents.     But  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  was  not  pleased  that  it  should  be  so,  and  he  ordered  it 
after  another  guise ;  for  he  sent  such  a  rain  that  night,  with  such 
a  wind  and  flood  as  no  man  living  remembered,   and  when  it 
was  day  the  people  of  Valencia  looked  from  the  wall  to  see  the 
banners  of  the  Almoravides  and  the  place  where  they  had  en- 
camped, and  behold  they  could  see  nothing:  and  they  were  full 
sorrowful,  and  knew  not  what  they  should  do,  and  they  remained 
in  such  state  as  a  woman  in  her  time  of  childing,  till  the  hour 
of  tierce,    and   then    came    tidings   that   the  Almoravides   had 
turned  back,  and  would  not  come  unto  Valencia.     For  the  rains 
and  floods  had   dismayed   them,  and  they  thought  the  waters 
would  have  swept  them  away,  and  that  the  hand  of  Ciod  was 
against  them,  atid  therefore  they  turned  back.     And  when  the 
people  of  Valencia  heard  this  they  held  themselves  for  dead  men, 
and  they  wandered  about  the  streets  like  drunkards,  so  that  a 
man  knew  not  his  neighbour,  and  they  smeared  their  faces  with 
black  like  unto  pitch,  and  they  lost  all  thought  like  one  who  falls 
into  the  waves  of  the  sea.     And  then  the  Christians  drew  nigh  chr.detcid 
unto  the  walls,  crying  out  unto  the  Moors  with  a  loud  voice  like  Jgo/"' 
thunder,  calling  them  false  traitors  and  renegados,  and  saying,  j.  ico" 


|-'(3  cnnoxicLE  of  the  cid, 

BOOK  Give  up  the  town  to  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  for  yc  cannot  escape 
^>rv-L/   fi'om  him.     ^Vnd  the  JMoors  Avere  silent,  and  made  no  reply  be- 
cause of  their  ereat  misery.  . 
o/thegreat       'KV .  Tiicn  Abcualfarax,  aMoor  of  Valencia,  he  who  wrote  this 

price  of  food   _,  -ai*  i  /^it'ii'i  •  ^ 

inraiencia,  liistory  ui  Arabic,  took  account  or  tiie  rood  Aviuch  was  m  tne 
suburbsviere  citv,  to  sec  liow  louo;  it  could  hold  out.     And  he  says  that  the 

destroyed.  ,  i  ,  •  ,    'i  •  - 

cajiz  of  Avneat  was  valued  at  eleven  maravedts,  and  the  cajiz  ot 
barley  at  seven  maravedis,  and  that  of  pulse  or  other  grain  at 
six  ;  and  the  arroha  of  hone}'  at  fifteen  dineros  ;  and  the  arroba 
of  carobs^  the  thiid  of  a  rnaravedi,  and  the  arroba  of  onions 
two  thirds  of  a  rnaravedi,  and  the  arroba  of  cheese  two  maravedis 
and  a  half,  and  the  measure  of  oil  which  the  Moors  call  maron, 
a  rnaravedi,  and  the  quintal  oi  ^\g%  five  maravedis,  and  the  pound 
of  mutton  six  dineros  of  silver,  and  tire  pound  of  beef  four. 
These  maravedis  were  silver  ones,  for  no  other  money  was 
current  among  them.  The  ]\Iobrs  who  dwelt  in  the  suburbs  car- 
ried all  the  best  of  their  goods  into  the  city,  and  the  rest  they 
buried.  And  when  the  Cid  was  certain  that  the  Almoravides 
were  not  coming,  he  returned  again  to  lodge  in  the  garden,  and 
gave  order  to  spoil  the  suburbs,  save  that  of  Alcudia,  because 
the  inhabitants  of  that  had  received  him  without  resistance  : 
and  the  Moors  fled  into  the  city  with  their  wives  and  children. 
And  Avhen  the  Christians  began  to  plunder  the  suburbs  they  of 
the  town  came  out  and  plundered  also  those  houses  which  were 
nearest  unto  the  walls,  so  that  every  thing  was  carried  away  and 
nothins;  but  the  timbers  left :  and  then  the  Christians  took  that 
to  build  them  lodgments  in  the  camp ;  and  when  the  Moors 
saw  this  they  came  out,   and  carried   away  wdiat  timber  they 


'  Akarchofas — artichokes,  the  Chronica  del  Cid  has  it;  this  cannot  have 
been  a  common  article  of  food.  The  Chronica  General  substitutes  the  right 
word. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  277 

could  into  the  city.     And  the  Christians  pulled  down  all  the  BOOK 
houses,  save  only  such  as  could  be  defended  with  arrows,  and  ^^• 
these  which  thej-  dared  not  pull  doAvn  they  set  fire  to  bv  nioht. 
And  when  all  the  houses  had  been  levelled  thev  beoan  to  dio- 
in  the  foundations,  and  they  found  great  wealth  there,  and  store 
of  garments,  and  hoards  of  wheat ;  and  when  the  Cid  saw  this 
he  ordered  them  to  dig  every  Avhere,  so  that  nothing  midit  be 
lost.     And  when  all  had  been  dug  up  the  Cid  drew  nearer  to 
the  city,  and  girt  it  round  about,  and  there  was  lighting  every 
day  at  the  barriers,  for  the  JMoors  came  out  and  fought  hand  to 
hand,  and  many  a  sword-stroke  was  given  and   many  a  push 
with  the  spear.     AVhile  the  Moors  were  thus  beleagered  came 
letters  from  the  Captain  of  the  Almoravides,  saying  that  he  had 
not  turned  back  to  Algezira  de  Xucar  for  fear,  nor  for  cowardice, 
neither  as  one  who  fled,  but  for  lack  of  food,  and  also  by  reason 
of  the  waters ;  and  that  it  was  his  set  purpose  at  all  events  to 
succour  them  and  deliver  them  from  the  oppression  which  they 
endured,  and  he  was  preparing  to  do  this  Avith  all  dihgence. 
And  he  bade  them  take  courage,  and  maintain  the  city.     And 
Avhen  the  Moors  of  Valencia  heard  these  letters  they  took  heart, 
and  joined  with  the  sons  of  Aboegib,  and  their  resolve  was  that 
they  would  be  firm  and  maintain  the  city.     And  they  said  that 
Abeniaf  had  made   the  Almoravides  retreat,    because  he  had 
told  them  that  there  was  discord  in  the  town.     And  Abeniaf 
kept  great  watch,  having  a  great  guard  to  secure  him,  least  the  chr.deicid. 
people  should  attempt  aught  against  him.     And  the  price  of  all  iri/""" 
things  in  Valencia  was  doubled.  /'"aeu^"' 

XVI.  Then  the  Cid  drew  nearer  to  the  walls,  so  that  no  man  Ho«the 
could  either  enter  in  or  issue  out,  but  Avhosoever  attempted  it  itZltZ 
Avas  either  slain  or  taken.     And  he  gave  orders  to  till  all  the  ct«(^!" 
lands  Avhich  lay  round  about  Alcudia,  for  this  was  noAV  become 
a  great  place,  even  like  a  city,  and  the  Moors  Avho  dAvelt  there 

2   A 


178  CHRONICLE    OF    THE  CID, 

B GO K  Av ere  safe ;  and  tents  and  shops  were  made  there  for  all  kinds 
>-.i-,-^  of  merchandize,  and  merchants  came  there  safely  from  all  parts 
to  bny  and  to  sell,  so  that  they  Avho  dAvclt  there  were  greatly  en- 
riched. And  justice  was  administered  to  all  fnll  righteously,  so 
that  there  was  none  who  could  complain  of  the  Cid  nor  of  his 
Almoxarifc,  nor  of  any  of  his  people;  and  the  IMoors  were 
judged  by  their  own  law,  and  were  not  vexed,  and  he  took  from 
them  only  a  tenth.  Now  came  true  tidings  from  Denia  that 
the  Almoravides  had  returned  into  their  own  country,  and  that 
there  was  no  hope  of  succour  at  their  hands.  And  Avhcn  they 
of  A'alencia  heard  this  they  were  greatly  troubled.  And  they 
who  held  the  Castles  round  about  came  humbly  to  the  Cid,  to 
place  their  love  upon  him,  and  besought  him  that  he  Avould 
accept  tribute  from  them,  and  have  them  under  his  protection  ; 
and  he  gave  orders  that  they  might  travel  the  roads  in  peace : 
and  in  this  manner  his  rents  increased,  so  that  he  had  plenty  to 
give.  And  he  sent  to  them  who  held  the  Castles,  bidding  them 
provide  him  with  cross-bow  men,  and  foot  soldiers,  to  fight 
against  the  city ;  and  there  was  none  who  dared  disobey  his 
bidding,  and  they  sent  him  cross-bow  men  and  foot-men  in  great 
numbers,  with  their  arms  and  provisions.  Thus  was  Valencia 
left  desolate,  and  forsaken  by  all  the  Moorish  people ;  and  it 
was  attacked  every  da}^  and  none  could  enter  in,  neither  could 

vap.'ia-i.     any  come  out;  and  they  were  sore  distressed,  and  the  Avaves  of 

f.  2C1.       death  compassed  them  round  about. 

Of  the  la.         XVII.  Then  was  there  a  Moor  in  the  city  Avho  was  a  learned 

which  oas    man  and  a  Avise,  and  he  went  upon  the  highest  tower,  and  made 

made  for 

Valencia,  a  lamcutatlon,  and  the  words  with  which  he  lamented  he  put 
in  writing,  and  it  was  rendered  afterwards  from  the  Arabic 
into  the  Castillian  tongue,  and  the  lamentation  Avhich  he  made 
Avas  this : 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  -jyo 

Valencia!  Valencia!  trouble  is  come  upon  thee,    and  thou  BOOK 
art  in  the  hour  of  death ;    and  if  peradventure  thou  shouldst  Jj^ 
escape,  it  will  be  a  wonder  to  all  that  shall  behold  thee. 

But  if  ever  God  hath  shown  mercy  to  any  place,  let  him  be 
pleased  to  show  mercy  unto  thee ;  for  thy  name  was  joy,  and  all 
j\Ioors  delighted  in  thee  and  took  their  pleasure  in  thee. 

And  if  it  should  please  God  utterly  to  destroy  thee  now,  it 
will  be  for  thy  great  sins,  and  for  the  great  presumption  which 
thou  hadst  in  thy  pride. 

The  four  corner  stones  whereon  thou  art  founded  would  meet 
together  and  lament  for  thee,  if  they  could  ! 

Thy  strong  wall  which  is  founded  upon  these  four  stones  trem- 
bles, and  is  about  to  fall,  and  hath  lost  all  its  strength. 

Thy  lofty  and  fair  towers  which  were  seen  from  far,  and  re- 
joiced the  hearts  of  the  i)eople, . .  little  by  little  they  are  falling. 

Thy  white  battlements  which  glittered  afar  off,  have  lost  their 
truth  with  which  they  shone  like  the  sunbeams. 

Thy  noble  river  Guadalaver,  with  all  the  other  Avaters  with 
which  thou  hast  been  served  so  well,  have  left  their  channel,  and 
now  they  run  where  they  should  not. 

Thy  water  courses,  which  were  so  clear  and  of  such  great 
profit  to  so  many,  for  lack  of  cleansing  are  choked  with  mud. 

Thy  pleasant  gardens  which  were  round  about  thee  ;  . .  the 
ravenous  wolf  hath  gnawn  at  the  roots,  and  the  trees  can  yield 
thee  no  fruit. 

'ITiy  goodly  fields,  with  so  many  and  such  fair  flowers,  wherein 
thy  people  were  wont  to  take  their  pastime,  are  all  dried  up. 

Thy  noble  harbour,  which  was  so  great  honour  to  thee,  is 
deprived  of  all  the  nobleness  which  was  wont  to  come  into  it 
for  thy  sake. 

The  fire  hath  laid  waste  the  lands  of  which  thou  wert  called 
Mistress,  and  the  great  smoke  thereof  rcacheth  thee. 


180  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

B  O  O  K      There  is  no  medicine  for  thy  sore  infirmity,  and  the  physicians 
v^^v-^   despair  of  heahng  thee. 

Valencia!  Valencia!  from  a  broken  heart  have  I  uttered  all 
these  things  Avhich  I  have  said  of  thee. 

And  this  grief  would  I  keep  unto  m3^self  that  none  should 
ff.  -20-2.       know  it,  if  it  were  not  needful  that  it  should  be  known  to  all  ^ 
How  they  of      XVIII.    Now  all  tlic  troublc  and  distress  which  the  men  of 
their  trust     Valencia  endured,  pleased  Abeniaf  well,  because  they  had  for- 

again  in  ^ 

Abeniaf,  sakcn  him  and  followed  the  sons  of  Aboegib ;  and  he  said  that 
it  did  not  jjehove  a  man  to  give  advice  unto  those  Avho  would  not 
listen  to  it,  and  that  if  the  people  had  hearkened  to  him  they 
would  not  have  been  brought  to  this  misery ;  and  what  evil 
they  endured  Avas  because  of  the  sons  of  Aboegib,  who  lacked 
wit  to  be  well  with  any  one,  or  to  do  any  thing.  These  things 
Abeniaf  said  daily  to  all  who  came  to  visit  him  :  so  that  the  people 
great  as  well  as  little  began  to  talk  thereof,  saying  that  Abeniaf 
spake  trulj'.  And  the  Christians  fought  against  them  every  day, 
and  prcst  them  close,  and  the  price  of  food  increased  daily  :  and 
they  AvithdrcAv  themselves  from  the  love  of  the  sons  of  Aboegib, 
and  thought  that  they  had  been  ill  advised  to  follow  their  counsel, 
and  that  because  of  them  all  this  evil  was  come  upon  them, 


'  The  Chronica  del  Cid  contains  only  four  verses  of  this  lamentation,., 
which  is  I  think,  beyond  a  doubt,  Arabic.  In  the  Chronica  General,  which 
gives  the  whole,  a  long  gloss  follows  allegorizing  away  all  its  beauty  and  all  its 
passion ;  in  w  hich  one  of  tlie  corner  stones  is  made  the  King,  a  second  his  son,  a 
third  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  so  on,  for  more  than  two  pages,  in  the  same 
insipid  stile. 

Berganza,  in  a  sneer  at  the  Chronica  General,  praises  the  Chronicler  of  the 
Cid  for  not  having  inserted  this  curious  poem.  '  El  Recopilador  de  la  Curonica 
del  Cid  no  fue  tan  ajicionado  a  lienor  su  historia  de  sucessos  celebrados  por 
poetas.' 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAU.  J3J 

and  they  held  them  for  fools.  And  the  people  cried  out  upon  BOOK 
Abeniaf  that  he  should  forgive  them  for  having  forsaken  him,  and  .^^^ 
that  he  should  protect  them,  and  devise  means  for  their  deliver- 
ance from  this  great  trouble.  And  x'Vbeniaf  said  that  he  would  have 
nothing  to  do  with  them  more  than  as  one  of  them ;  for  if  they 
were  in  trouble,  so  was  he :  and  Avhat  they  stood  in  fear  of, 
that  did  he  fear  also ;  and  that  he  could  not  give  counsel  to 
men  who  were  divided  among  themselves ;  and  he  said  unto 
them  that  they  must  agree  among  themselves,  and  be  all  of  one 
mind  to  do  one  of  these  two  things  ;  . .  either  to  forsake  the 
sons  of  Aboegib  and  their  counsel,  or  to  stand  by  it.  And  when 
he  should  see  that  they  no  longer  opposed  him  with  their  evil 
counsels  and  the  bad  way  in  which  they  were  going  on,  that 
he  would  then  take  counsel  for  them  in  such  guise  that  they 
should  be  at  peace  ;  for  they  knew  how  they  had  sped  so  long 
as  they  let  him  direct  them,  and  he  ti-usted  in  God  so  to  speed 
as  that  they  should  have  no  war  with  the  Cid,  neither  with  any 
other.  And  they  made  answer  with  one  accord  that  they 
would  trust  in  him  and  obey  him,  and  do  all  which  he  should 
command,  for  it  had  alway  been  well  with  them  when  they  cllp'fsi."'' 
followed  his  advice.  ff-m!"' 

XIX.     Then  the  men  of  Valencia  made  Abeniaf  their  Ade-  HowAbemaf 
lantado,  and  promised  to  abide  by  his  counsel ;  howbeit  this  ofAbolgT' 
could  not  lightly  be  done,  for  many  of  the  people  held  Avith  edihemV 
the  others.     And  when  Abeniaf  saw  that  they  would  have  him 
for  their  chief,    he  said  that  they  should  make  a  writing,  and 
the  chief  persons  of  the  town  confirm  it  with  their  names ;  and 
the  people  accorded  that  it  should  be  so,  and  it  was  done  ac- 
cordingly.    Then  he  made  offers  to  the  Cid  that  they  should 
pay  him  tribute,  and  took  counsel  with  him  hoAv  to  put  the 
sons  of  Aboegib,  and  those  who  held  Avith  them,  out  of  the 
town ;   and  their  counsel  was,  that  tiie  Cid  should  draw  nigh 


132  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

B  O  O  K  to  the  walls,  and  speak  unto  the  men  of  the  town,  saying,  that 
.^..^^  so  long  as  they  followed  after  the  Avays  of  the  sons  of  Aboegib, 
he  Avould  never  grant  them  his  love ;  and  that  all  the  evil  Avhich 
he  did  unto  them  was  because  of  them,  and  because  they  were 
guided  by  them  and  by  their  evil  counsel.  And  if  they  desired 
to  speed  well  they  should  send  away  the  sons  of  Aboegib,  and 
take  Abeniaf  to  be  their  chief,  and  give  ear  unto  him.  And 
the  Cid  came  nigh  imto  the  Avails  and  said  these  things,  and 
moreover  that  he  had  great  ruth  for  them,  for  he  loved  them 
Avell ;  and  if  they  Avould  do  according  to  his  Avords  he  Avould  help 
them  and  protect  them,  as  he  had  been  Avont  to  do  in  the  days 
of  King  Yahia ;  and  he  bade  them  look  Avell  to  Avhat  they  Avere 
doing,  and  not  suffer  themselves  to  be  brought  to  destruction. 
And  Abeniaf  also  said  these  things  to  those  of  his  household 
and  to  all  those  Avho  talked  Avith  him,  and  asked  of  them  Avhy 
they  would  let  themselves  be  brought  to  destruction  by  the 
counsel  of  foolish  men  and  unAvise.  And  this  he  said  so  often 
that  they  thought  it  Avas  truth,  and  they  besought  him  that 
as  he  Avas  their  Adclantado  noAv,  he  Avould  devise  means  for  their 
deliverance,  and  Iioav  they  might  live  in  peace ;  and  he  made 
ansAver  that  they  Avere  not  to  think  he  had  forgotten  this,  for 
he  had  labovu'ed  greatly  Avith  the  Cid  to  obtain  his  love  for  them, 
but  the  Cid  had  sAvorn  that  they  should  never  have  his  love 
till  they  had  put  the  sons  of  Aboegib  out  of  the  town ;  Avlien 
they  had  done  that,  he  Avould  do  Avhatsoever  they  should  think 
good,  but  till  they  had  done  it  there  should  be  no  covenant  be- 
tAveen  him  and  them.  But  when  the  men  of  the  toAvn  heard 
this  they  murmured  gieatly,  and  said  that  he  demanded  a 
hard  thing,  and  that  it  Avere  better  they  should  all  die  than  do 
this ;  and  they  talked  concerning  this  matter  three  days,  be- 
ing in  doubt  what  the}^  should  do.  And  Avhen  Abeniaf  saAv 
that  the  people  Avere  thus  at  a  stand,  he  took  counsel  privily 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIV'AR,  jgo 

•with  the  Cid,  and  with  the  knights,  and   the  good  men   who  BOOK 
were  on  his  side,  how  he  might  take  them.     And  one  of  the   ^'' 
cliief  pei-sons  of  Abeniaf's    household  went    out  with  a   oreat 
company  of  horse  and  foot  to  seize  the  sons  of  Aboeoib  :  and 
they  when  they  knew  this,  took  shelter  in  the  house  of  an  Alfa- 
qui, that  is  to  say,  one  learned  in  the  law,  Avho  was  held  in  much 
honour  by  the  ]\roors ;  and  in  this  house,  which  was  surround- 
ed  Avith  an  embattled  Avail,  they  thought  Avith  the  httle  com- 
pany that  they  had  Avith   them,  to  defend  themselves,  till  the 
cry  could  go  forth  through    the  city,  and   their   friends  come 
to  their  succour.     And  they  Avho  Avent  to  take  them  set  fire  to 
the  outer  gates,   and  many  of  the  baser  sort   gathered   toge- 
ther to  see  Avhat  the  stir  Avas.     And   they  ascended  the   roof 
and  threw  doAvn  tiles  upon  the  assailants  till  they  made  them 
take  shelter  under  the  eaves,  and  then  the  house  Avas  forced, 
and  they  plundered  all  that  they  could  find,  and  laid  hands  on 
the  sons  of  Aboegib  and  earned  them  to  prison.     All  this  Avas 
done  before  the  cry  could  go  forth  through  the  toAvn ;  and  all 
the  kinsmen  of  the  sons  of  Aboegib  Avere    taken   also  :    they 
were  kept  that  day  in  prison,  and  Avhen  it  was  night  they  Avere  chr.^ticid. 
taken  to  the  Cid,  to  his  lodging  in  Alcudia,  and  delivered  into  i«/"' 

1-1  J  Chr.  Gen. 

nis  nanus,  f.  ^e*. 

XX.     On  the  morrow  there  was  a  great  stir  among  the  men  mwAbeniaf 
of  the  town,  and  they  were  greatly  troubled  at  this  foul  thing  ZlZad. 
Avhich  Abeniaf  had  done.     But  Abeniaf  thinking  that  he  should  Zttlno't'' 
noAv  haA^e  his   desire,    and  that  all  Avas  done,   took  horse  and  ternJui 
rode  forth  Avith  all  his  company  to  the  Bridge-end,  to  see  Ruy- 
diez  the  Cid.     And  the  Bishop,  as  he  Avas  called,  of  Albarrazin, 
came  to  meet  him  Avith  a  great  company  of  knights,  being  the 
chiefs  of  the  company  of  the  Cid,  and  they  did  great  honour  un- 
to him,  thinking  that  he  would  giA-e  them  something.     And  they 
brought  him  to  the  lodging  of  the  Cid,  Avhich  Avas  in  the  Garden 


hick 
were  made. 


Ig4  .  CHRONICLE    or    THE    CID, 

BOOK  of  the  New  Town  ;    and  the  Cid  came  out  to  meet  him  at  the 
.^,-,^  garden  gate,  and  emlDraced  him,  and  made  much  of  him.    And 
the  first  thing  Avhich  he  said,  was,  to  ask  him  why  he  had   not 
put  on  kingly  garments,  for  King  he  Avas :   and  he  bade  him 
take  off  the  coif  which  he  wore,  for  it  was  not  what  beseemed 
him  now,   and  made  semblance  as  if  he  would  have  held  his 
stirrups.    And  they  stood  talking  aAvhile.    Now  the  Cid  thought 
that  Abeniaf  would  not  come  to  him  with  empty  hands,  and 
looked  that  he  should  give  him  of  the  treasures  and  jewels  that  he 
had  taken  from  King  Yahia  whom  he  had  slain ;  but  wiien  he 
saw  that  he  brought  nothing,  then  began  the  Cid   to  talk  of 
terms,  and  said  unto  him  that  if  he  desired  to  have  his  love, 
and  that  there  should  be  peace  between  them,  he  must  divide 
with  him  the  rents  of  the  town,  as   Avell  what  was  collected 
Avithin  as  Avithout,  and  that  he  Avovdd  have  his  OAvn  Almoxarife  to 
see  to  this  and  collect  his  share.    And  Abeniaf  made  ansAA  er  that 
it  should  be  so.     And  the  Cid  demanded  of  him  his  son  as  host- 
age, that  he  might  keep  him  in  Juballa,  for  otherAvise  he  said  he 
could  not  be  secure.     And  Abeniaf  agreed  to  this  also ;  so  they 
parted  for  that  day,   having  appointed  that  they  should  meet 
on  the  morroAv,  and   confirm  this  covenant  by  Avritings  so  that 
it  should  be  good.     Then  Abeniaf  returned  into  the  city,  full 
sorroAvful  and  taking  great  thought ;    and  then  he  saAv  the  fool- 
ishness that  he  had  done  in  sending  aAvay  the  Almoravides  out 
of  the  land,  and  in  putting  his  trust  in  men  of  another  law.    And 
on  the  morrow  the  Cid  sent  for  him  that  he  should  come  out 
and  confirm  the  covenant ;  but  Abeniaf  sent  him  Avord  that  he 
would  not  give  him  his  son,  even  though  he  kncAv  he  should 
lose  his  head  for  refusing.     And  the  Cid  sent  him  a  letter  Avith 
great   threats,    saying,    that   since  he  had  thus  deceiA'ed  liim, 
there  should  never  more  be  love  between  them,  nor  Avould  he 
ever  believe  aught  Avhich  he  should  say.     And  then  the  hatred 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


iS5 


between  tbem  Avaxcd  very  great.     And  the  Cid  sent  unto  that  BOOK 
Moor  who  had  taken  the  sons  of  Aboegib  and  bade  him  leave  v^^^ 
the  town,  and  go  unto  the  Castle  which  Avas  called  Alcala  ;  and 
be  obeyed  and  Avent  thither,  for  he  dared  not  do  otherwise  than 
as  the  Cid  commanded.     And  he  did  oreat  honours  to  the  sons 
of  Aboegib  and  to  their  kinsmen,  and  gave  orders  that  they 
should  be  provided  with  all  things  which  they  needed,  and  gave 
them   garments,    and   promised  that  he  would   be  their  great 
friend.    At  this  time  three  good  men  of  Valencia  died,  who  were 
the  most  honourable  of  the  town  and  of  the  most  discretion,  and  cap.ise.' ' 
Abeniaf  was  left  as  Chief,  for  there  was  none  to  gainsay  him.        /  264. 
XXI.     And  the  Cid  made  war  afresh  upon  the  city  as  cruelly  o/ the  pride 

1  11  11  •  r    1  ^  1  •  "'*^  ti/ratnii^ 

as  he  could,  and  the  price  ot   bread  was  now  three  times  as  great  of  Ah^nhf  ■. 

■  ,  .  and  hoic  the 

as  it  had  been  at  the  beginning ;  the  load  of  wheat  Avas  worth  an  pnccoffood 

^  ^  waxed  mort 

hundred  maravedis  of  silver,  and  the  pound  of  flesh  Avas  a  J7ia-  '""'■  ™'"- 
ravedi.  And  the  Cid  drew  nigh  unto  the  Avails,  so  as  to  fight  hand 
to  hand  Avith  the  toAvnsmen.  And  Abeniaf  Avaxed  proud  and  de- 
spised the  people,  and  Avhen  any  Avent  to  make  complaint  before 
him,  and  ask  justice  at  his  hands,  he  dishonoured  them,  and 
they  AA-ere  evil  entreated  by  him.  And  he  Avas  like  a  King,  retired 
apart,  and  trobadors  and  gieemen  and  masters  disported  before 
him  Avhich  could  do  the  best,  and  he  took  his  pleasure.  And 
they  of  the  toAvn  were  in  great  misery,  from  the  Christians  Avho 
Avarred  upon  them  fi'om  AA'ithout,  and  the  famine  Avhercof  they 
died  Avithin.  Moreover  Abeniaf  oppressed  them  greatly,  and  he 
took  unto  himself  all  the  goods  of  those  Avho  died,  and  he  made 
all  persons  equal,  the  good  and  the  bad,  and  took  from  all  all 
that  he  could ;  and  those  Avho  gave  him  nothing  he  ordered  to  be 
tormented  Avith  stripes,  and  cast  into  rigorous  prisons,  till  he 
could  get  something  from  them.  And  he  had  no  respect  neither 
for  kinsman  nor  friend.  There  Avas  but  one  measure  for  all,  and 
men  cared  nothing  noAV  for  their  possessions,  so  that  the  sellers 

2  B 


l^Q  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  were  many  and  the  buyers  none.  And  Avith  all  these  miseries 
v/-v-^  the  price  of  food  became  exceeding  great,  for  the  cajiz  of  wheat 
was  priced  at  ninety  tnaravedis,  and  that  of  barley  at  eighty, 
and  that  of  painick  *  eighty  and  five,  and  that  of  all  pulse  sixty, 
and  the  arroha  of  figs  seven,  and  of  honey  twenty,  and  of  cheese 
eighteen,  and  of  carobs  sixteen,  and  of  onions  twelve,  and 
the  measure  of  oil  twenty :  flesh  there  was  none,  neither  of 
beast  nor  of  any  thing  else ;  but  if  a  beast  died  *,  the  pound 
Avas  worth  three  maravedis.  And  they  were  so  weak  with  hun- 
ger that  the  Christians  came  to  the  walls  and  threw  stones  in 
ca^'jse.' "  with  the  hand,  and  there  was  none  who  had  strength  to  drive 

Chr.  Gen.        i  i         i 

ff.-26b.       them  back. 

cfthefamine  XXII.  Aud  tlic  Cid  liaviug  it  at  heart  to  take  the  town,  let 
Za7in  fa-  Hiakc  an  engine,  and  placed  it  at  one  of  the  gates,  and  it  did 
great  hurt  both  to  the  walls  and  within  the  town ;  and  the 
Moors  made  other  engines,  with  the  Avhich  they  brake  that  of 
the  Cid.  And  the  Cid  in  his  anger  let  make  three  engines,  and. 
placed  them  at  the  three  gates  of  the  town,  and  they  did  mar- 
vellous great  hurt.  And  food  Avaxed  dearer  every  day,  till  at 
last  dear  nor  cheap  it  Avas  not  to  be  had,  and  there  Avas  a  great 
mortality  for  famine ;  and  they  eat  dogs  and  cats  and  mice. 
And  they  opened  the  vaults  and  privies  and  scAvers  *  of  the  toAvn, 


•  Panizo  . . .  this  is  Minsheu's  interpretation,  Avho  says  it  is  a  grain  resembling 
millet. 

*  i.  e.  horse,  mule,  or  ass. 

«  Of  the  sewers  at  Valencia  Miedes  gives  a  long  account,  L.  12.  C.  17. 
which  fills  the  whole  chapter.  They  were  the  work  of  the  Romans,  and  were 
perfect  two  centuries  ago,  to  the  great  comfort  of  the  inhabitants.    A  canal  from 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAl?. 


187 

and  took  out  the  stones  of  the  erapes  which  thev  had  eaten,  and  BOOK 
washed  them,  and  ate  them.     And  they  Avho  had  horses  fed    v,„rv-^ 
upon  them.     And  many  men,  and  many  Avomen,  and  many 
children  watched  when  the  gates  Avere  open,  and  went  out  and 
_gave  themselves  into  the  hands  of  the  Christians,  who  slew  some, 
and  took  others,  and  sold  them  to  the  Moors  in  Alcudia ;  and 
the  price  of  a  ]\loor  was  a  loaf  and  a  pitcher  of  wine :  and  Avhen 
they  gave  them  food  and  they  took  their  fill,  they  died.    Them 
that  were  stronger  they  sold  to  merchants  who  came  there  by 
sea  from  all  parts.    And  the  Moors  of  Alcudia,  and  of  the  town 
which  the  Cid  had  made  there,  had  plenty  of  all  things,  and  as 
great  as  was  their  abundance,  even  so  great  was  the  misery  of 
those  in  the  town  :  and  they  spake  the  verse  Avhich  sayeth.  If  I 
go  to  the  right  the  Avater  Avill  destroy  me,  and  if  I  go  to  the  left  cap  isV 
the  lion  Avill  kill  me,  and  if  I  turn  back  there  is  the  fire.  f/^si'"' 

XXIII.  Now  the  ]\loors  of  Valencia  being  in  this  great  misery  How  the^ 
because  of  the  siege  Avhich  the  Cid  laid  unto  the  tOAA'n,  Abeniaf  m  o/tZ 
bethought  him  that  he  Avould  send  a  messenger  to  the  King  of  Za-  ragoza. 
ragoza,  and  beseech  him  to  come  to  his  succour,  e\'en  as  he  had 
succoured  the  grandson  of  Alimaymon,  Avhen  the  Lord  of  Denia 
and  Tortosa  came  aoainst  him.     And  the  good  men  of  the  tOAvn 
took  counsel  Avhether  they  should  say  in  these  letters.  To  you 
the  King,  or  Avhether  they  should  humble  themselves  before  him 
and  call  him  Lord ;  and  they  debated  upon  this  for  three  days, 


the  river,  after  supplying  the  dye-houses,  entered  them,  and  swept  away  tlieir 
filth  to  the  sea, .  .fertilizing,  says  Miedes,  the  fields  through  which  it  flowed. 

This  mention  of  privies  is  curious.  I  give  the  original  passage  because  it 
has  escaped  Professor  Beckmann's  researches.  Abrian  las  camaias  e  privadas,  e 
ios  cafios  de  la  villa,  e  saccavan  el  uruso  de  las  uius  (jiie  comian,  e  lavavatdo  en 
el  agua,  e  comianlo.     Chronica  del  Cid.  cap,  137. 


jQg  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  agreed  that  they  would  call  him  Lord,  that  he  might  have? 

-v-.-v-^  the  more  compassion  vipon  them.  And  though  Abeniaf  Avas 
troubled  at  heart  at  this  determination,  nevertheless  he  said  in 
the  letter  as  they  had  appointed.  And  he  called  a  Moor  who 
spake  the  mixed  language,  and  instructed  him  how  to  get  out 
of  the  city  by  night,  so  that  the  Christians  might  not  see  him, 
and  told  him  that  when  he  had  given  that  letter  to  the  King  of 
Zaragoza,  the  King  would  give  him  garments,  and  a  horse,  and 
a  mule  to  ride  on,  and  that  lie  himself  would  show  favour  unto 
him  as  long  as  he  lived.  So  the  messenger  departed  with  the 
letter.  And  the  famine  in  the  town  waxed  greater,  and  food 
was  not  now  bought  hy  the  cajiz,  neither  by  the  fa7iega,  but  by 
ounces,  or  at  most  by  the  pound.  And  the  pound  of  wheat  cost 
a  maravedi  and  a  half,  and  that  of  barley  a  mnravedi,  and  that 
of  painick  a  maravedi  and  a  quartei",  and  of  pulse  a  maravedi, 
and  of  flax-seed  three  parts  of  a  maravedi,  and  of  cheese  three 
dineros,  and  of  honey  three,  and  of  figs  one ;  and  the  panilla 
of  oil  Avas  eight  dineros,  and  the  povmd  of  colewort  five,  and 
the  ounce  of  carobs  three  parts  of  a  dinero,  and  the  ounce  of 
onions  the  same,  and  the  head  of  garlick  the  same ;  and  a  pound 
of  beast's  flesh  was  six  maravedis,  and  grape-stones  Avere  half  a 
dinero  the  pound,    and   the   skins   of  kine  and  of  beasts  five 

^c'Jr'fss."''  dineros :  the  dinero  Avas  silver,  for  there  v/as  no  money  current 

t'lir.  Gen.  .,  ,  ,   . 

ff.'ioo.       save  Silver  and  gold. 

Of  the  mi-        XXR'.    When  the  King  of  Zaragoza  saAV  the  letter  Avhich 

Aing''ofZa.  Abculaf  aud  the  men  of  Valencia  had  sent  him,  he  gave  no  heed 

ragozuj  and  .  .  i      i  r  ^  'ii'il* 

of  the  search  to  it,  ueithcr  cared   lie  for  the  messenoer,  neither  end  he  sive 

vhicUMen.  .  •  i  i        i        i 

icfmadefor  Jji}!^  cvcu  a  drautrht  of  Avater  for  his  rcAvard.  And  the  mes- 
senger  Avaited  for  his  ansAver  from  day  to  day  for  three  Aveeks, 
and  he  dared  not  depart  Avithout  it  for  fear  least  Abeniaf  shoidd 
slay  him  ;  and  he  thought  also  that  some  of  the  King's  people 
Avould  come  out  after  him  and  slay  him  upon  the  Avay :  and  he 


ItODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  jg^ 

was  urgent  for  his  answer,  and  began  at  last  to  cry  aloud  at  the  BOOK 
gate  of  the  King's  house,  so  that  the  King  asked  of  what  that 
messenger  was  making  his  complaint.  Then  they  told  the  King 
that  he  Avanted  his  answer  that  he  might  be  gone.  And  the 
King  wrote  an  answer  and  said,  that  this  aid  wliich  they  besought 
of  him  he  could  not  give  till  he  had  sent  to  ask  help  of  King 
Don  Alfonso  of  Castille,  for  he  could  not  else  venture  to  do 
battle  with  the  Cid.  And  he  exhorted  them  to  defend  themselves 
the  best  they  could  while  he  procured  horsemen  from  King  Don 
Alfonso  to  help  them,  and  that  they  should  from  time  to  time 
send  him  Avord  how  they  went  on.  So  the  messenger  returned 
in  great  sorrow  that  he  had  sped  no  better,  and  that  nothing 
had  been  given  him  as  Abeniaf  had  promised :  and  all  this 
Avhicli  the  King  of  Zaragoza  said  was  only  delay,  and  meant 
nothing.  And  the  famine  now  waxed  so  great  that  there  wa. 
no  food  to  sell,  and  many  died  of  hunger.  And  many  for  great 
misery  went  out  to  the  Christians,  recking  not  whether  they 
should  be  made  captive,  or  slain,  for  they  thought  it  better  to 
be  slain  than  to  perish  for  lack  of  food.  And  Abeniaf  searched 
all  the  houses  in  the  town  for  food,  and  where  he  found  any 
store,  he  left  only  what  would  suffice  for  a  fortnight,  and  took 
the  rest,  saying  that  in  that  time  the  King  of  Zaragoza  Avonld 
come  and  relieve  them,  for  that  he  only  tarried  to  collect  great 
store  of  food,  that  he  might  bring  it  with  him.  This  he  said 
to  keep  the  people  quiet,  and  to  encourage  them.  And  of  the 
food  Avhich  he  carried  away  he  took  the  most  part  for  himself 
and  for  his  guards,  and  the  rest  he  ordered  to  be  sold  in  such 
manner  that  none  should  buy  more  than  Avould  suffice  him  for 
the  day.  And  what  he  took  he  did  not  pay  for,  and  Avhen  the 
people  demanded  payment  he  put  them  off  till  another  day ; 
and  he  bade  them  not  complain,  for  they  Avould  be  relieved  fi-om 
this  misery,  and  then  he  Avould  pay  them  well.     And  they  Avho 


to  Faleiicia. 


190  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

B  00  K  liad  any  food  left  buried  it  for  fear,  and  for  this  reason   there 

v.-^v-v>    was  none  to  be  bought,  neither  dear  nor  cheaj^.     And  they  who 

chr.idcid.  had  nothing  else,  ate  herbs,  and  leather,  and  electuaries  from 

189.  the  apothecaries^  which  they  bouo;ht  at  a  great  price,  and  the 

Chv.  Ger.  ,1,1  JO  O  1  ' 

/.  286.       poor  ate  the  dead  bodies. 

HouihcKing  XXV.  Now  Abeniaf  had  no  hope  of  succour  save  only 
t^ntieiien  froui  thc  King  of  Zaragoza,  Avho  had  sent  to  bid  him  hold  out ; 
and  he  sent  to  him  every  night  to  tell  him  of  the  great  misery 
which  there  was  in  Valencia,  and  the  King  of  Zaragoza  return- 
ed  for  answer  that  King  Don  Alfonso  had  sent  him  a  great 
body  of  horsemen  with  Garcia  Ordonez,  and  would  come  him- 
self after  them  ;  and  he  sent  in  this  letter  another  letter  writ- 
ten with  his  own  hand,  and  Avhich  was  to  be  shown  to  the 
good  men  of  the  town,  privily ;  and  he  said  therein,  Mdth  great 
oaths  to  confirm  it,  that  he  Avould  without  fail  come  and  deli- 
ver them,  for  it  was  a  great  grief  to  him  to  think  Avhat  they 
endured,  and  that  this  was  as  great  sorrow  to  him,  as  theirs 
could  be.  And  certain  of  the  King's  favourites  wrote  to 
Abeniaf  also  after  the  same  manner,  telling  him  that  he  Avould 
surely  come  ;  howbeit  one  of  his  favourites  who  had  compassion 
upon  the  men  of  Valencia  sent  a  covert  message  to  warn 
them,  saying,  that  the  King  of  Zaragoza  would  build  a  toAver 
in  Alcudia  de  Tudela '  ;  the  meaning  of  this  was,  that  all  the 


*  Tlie  Chronica  General  lias  especieros  in  the  place  of  boticarios,  ..  a  synonime 
which  is  wortliy  of  notice.  This  early  mention  of  apothecaries  was  also  unknown  to 
Beckraann,  and  it  strengthens  the  conjecture  of  that  very  learned  and  laborious 
writer,  that  the  trade  originated  with  the  Saracens,  and  was  by  them  introduced 
into  Europe.     Hist  of  Inventions.     English  translation,  Vol.  1. p.  \3o. 

'  Que  queriefazer  una  torre  de  candda  en  el  Alcudia, . .  is  what  the  Chronica 
General  says. 


RODHIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  igj 

King  said,  was  only  to  put  them  off.  Abeniaf  did  not  under-  BOOK 
stand  it,  and  sent  to  ask  him  what  it  was  that  he  had  said  ;  ,^^v^ 
but  the  other  made  him  no  reply.  Then  the  King  of  Zara- 
goza  sent  two  messengers  to  the  Cid  Avith  jewels  and  rich  pre" 
sents,  and  besought  him  that  he  would  not  distress  the  men  of 
Valencia  so  greatly,  and  also  that  he  would  let  his  messengers 
enter  tlie  town  that  they  might  speak  with  Abeniaf.  This  the 
Cid  would  not  permit ;  howbeit  they  found  means  to  send  in 
a  letter,  saying.  Wit  ye  that  I  send  to  entreat  the  Cid  that  he  Avill 
not  do  so  great  evil  unto  you,  and  I  give  him  jewels  and  rich 
presents  that  he  may  do  my  Avill  in  this,  and  I  believe  that  he 
will  do  it.  But  if  he  should  not,  I  will  gather  together  a  great  host, 
and  drive  him  out  of  the  land.  HoAvbeit  these  were  but  dissem- 
bling words,  for  the  Kins;  of  Zaragoza  and  the  Cid  Avere  friends 
and    AA'ere  of  one  accord,  that  the  Cid  should  take  Valencia  ch-ieiad 

cup.  190. 

and  srive  it  the  King,  AA^ho  should  give  him  great  treasures  in  i^'-  ^ 

o  »'  O  O  clir.  Gen. 

return.  -^•-'^"• 

XXVI.     Then  the  Cid  began  to  treat  with  a  great  Moor  of  ihwMen- 

^  ,  ,  vwxiz  rose 

the  toAA^n,  named  Abenmoxiz  ^  that  he  should  rise  up  agamst  agai'ist^de- 

niaj,and 

Abeniaf,  and  kill  him  or  deliver  him  into  his  hands,  and   that  ^"w  he  u«» 

'  '  tat:en. 

he  Avould  make  him  Lord  over  Valencia,  and  the-  country  as 
far  as  Denia.  And  Abenmoxiz  took  counsel  Avith  his  friends, 
and  they  advised  him  that  he  should  do  this ;  but  Abeniaf 
kncAv  of  their  counsel,  and  took  them,  and  put  them  in  prison, 
and  gave  them  in  charge  to  tAVO  of  his  household  in  Avhom  he 


'  Aboegib,  according  to  the  Chronica  General.  The  sons  of  Aboegib  have 
appeared  so  much  without  any  mention  of  the  father,  that  it  seems  probable  he 
was  either  dead  or  superannuated  :  had  their  father  been  living,  and  active  enough 
to  have  taken  the  part  which  this  Abenmoxiz  did,  he  would  certainly  have 
been  seat  out  of  the  town  with  the  rest  of  bis  family. 


19^2  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  had  gicat  trust.  And  Abenmoxiz  talked  with  his  keepers,  and 
v,^^  tokl  them  all  that  he  purposed  to  do,  and  promised  them,  if 
they  would  release  him,  to  reward  them  greatly  when  he  had 
succeeded,  saying,  that  he  undertook  this  with  the  consent  and 
advice  of  the  King  of  Zaragoza  :  so  they  were  persuaded  and  pro- 
mised to  join  with  him.  And  when  it  was  niolit  Abenmoxiz 
and  his  friends  and  the  two  keepers  agreed  to  seize  the  Alcazar, 
which  was  the  place  wherein  they  were  imprisoned,  and  to  beat 
the  alarm,  and  raise  a  cry  for  the  King  of  Zaragoza ;  and  they 
thought  the  men  of  the  town  would  join  with  them,  and  then  they 
would  go  to  the  house  of  Abeniaf  and  lay  hands  on  him.  And 
they  did  accordingly,  and  beat  a  drum,  and  sent  a  cryer  upon 
the  tower  of  the  IMosque  to  bid  all  the  people  assemble  at  the 
Alcazar.  And  when  the  people  heard  that  drum  and  that 
cryer  they  were  in  great  fear,  and  knew  not  what  to  think :  and 
they  assembled  some  to  guard  their  own  houses,  other  some  to 
guard  the  tower,  till  they  knew  what  it  was.  And  when  Abe- 
niaf heard  it,  he  was  greatly  dismayetl,  and  he  asked  of  all 
whom  he  found  at  liis  gates,  what  the  uproar  was,  and  what 
this  thing  might  be.  In  short  time  all  they  who  were  on  his 
side,  both  horse  and  foot,  assembled  together,  and  then  they 
knew  what  it  was ;  and  he  bade  them  go  to  the  Alcazar  and 
take  Abenmoxiz,  and  all  that  held  with  him.  Abenmoxiz  this 
while  was  at  the  gate  of  the  Alcazar  with  his  little  company, 
thinking  that  the  whole  town  would  join  him  ;  and  behold  Abe- 
niaf s  company  came  up  and  charged  him  ;  and  he  thought 
to  defend  himself  with  the  few  that  Avere  with  him,  Ixit  the  niost 
part  tied,  and  he  with  four  others  were  taken  ;  and  they  led 
them  Avith  great  shame  to  the  house  of  Abeniaf,  Avho  sent  him 
chrdeicid.  to  prison,  and  gaA'e  orders  to  smite  off  the  heads  of  the  others. 
"/j/'-'"'  x\nd  Abeniaf  sent  to  lay  liands  on  all  Avhom  he  suspected,  and 
/!'a6?."''    took  from  them  all  that  they  had.     And  he  sent  messengers  to 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAK.  jg3 

the    Kins  of  Zaraaoza  to    tell  him    what  had    ehanced,    and  BOOK 
they   took    with    tiiem    Abenmoxiz    prisoner,    and    they   were  v.,^v-^ 
charo-cd  to  remain  at  Zarawza,  and  send  Iiim  true  tidings  from 
thence. 

XX VII.     Now  there  was  no  food  to  be  bought  in  the   city,  HowihcCid. 

attacked  the 

and  the  people  were  in  the  waves  of  death:   and  men  were  seen  city.:„dv>as 

^  ^  put  to  the 

to  drop  and  die  in  the  streets,  and  the  Place  of  the  Alcazar  ''?'■'«•  ""^ 

••  of  the  ffreaf, 

round  about  the  walls  thereof  was  full  of  graves,  and  there  was  <^™''"', 

O  '  whxeh  he 

no  grave  which  had  fewer  than  ten  bodies  in  it.  As  many  as  ""™('^'' 
could  fled  out  of  the  town,  and  delivered  themselves  up  to  the  ^^"""■ 
Christians  to  he  made  prisoners.  The  Cid  thought  that  they  who 
were  the  Chiefs  within  the  Avails,  tlu'ust  out  the  poor  and  feeble, 
that  they  might  be  able  to  hold  out  longer ;  and  it  troubled  him, 
for  he  thought  to  take  the  town  by  starving  it,  and  he  feared 
the  coming  of  the  Almoravides.  Sometimes  it  troubled  him, 
and  at  other  times  he  seemed  pleased  that  the  Moors  should 
come  out  and  give  themselves  prisonei"s  to  his  people.  Now 
it  befel  tliat  once,  at  such  time  as  it  seemed  to  please  him, 
some  of  the  chief  men  of  the  town  came  out  in  this  manner,  and 
counselled  him  that  he  should  attack  it,  for  they  said  the 
men  at  arms  were  few,  and  weak  for  hunger,  and  that  he  might 
presently  win  it :  and  the  Cid  took  thought  ujjon  this  matter, 
and  resolved  to  do  as  they  said ;  and  he  gathered  together 
his  host  and  advanced  against  the  gate  which  is  called  Belfan- 
lianes,  that  is  to  say,  the  Gate  of  the  Snake,  and  they  drew  nigh 
unto  the  wall.  And  all  the  people  of  the  town  assembled, 
even  all  the  force  which  Mas  therein,  and  threw  down  stones 
from  the  gate  and  from  the  wall,  and  shot  their  arrows,  so  that 
neither  stone  nor  arrow  fell  in  vain ;  and  the  Cid  and  they  who 
had  advanced  witii  him  went  into  a  bath  Avliich  was  near  the 
wall,  to  be  under  cover  fiom  the  arrows.  And  Abeniafs  com- 
pany opened  the  gate  and  salhed  out,  seeing  that  the  stones  and 

2   c 


194  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  arrows  from  the  wall  had  hurt  many,  and  made  the  Christian! 
s^-v^  draw  back;  and  the  Cid  and  they  who  Avere  with  him  remained 
in  the  bath,  being  shut  up  there,  for  they  could  not  go  out 
by  the  door  whereat  they  had  entered,  and  they  broke  through 
the  wall  on  the  other  side,  and  the  Cid  escaped  that  way,  be- 
ing thus  put  to  rout.  Then  he  thought  himself  ill  advised  in 
liaving  attacked  the  town,  and  in  putting  lijmself  into  a  place 
from  whence  he  had  escaped  with  such  great  danger ;  and  he 
held  that  the  worst  war  which  h&  could  make  upon  the  men  of 
Valencia  was  to  let  them  die  of  hunger.  So  he  ordered  procla- 
mation to  be  made  so  loud  that  all  the  IVIoors  upon  the  walls 
could  hear,  bidding  all  who  had  come  out  from  the  town  ta 
return  into  it,  or  he  would  burn  as  many  as  he  should  find  r 
and  saying  also  that  he  would  slay  all  who  came  out  from  that 
time  forth.  Nevertheless  they  continued  to  let  themselves  down 
from  the  Avails,  and  the  Christians  took  them  Avithout  his  knoAV- 
ledge.  But  as  many  as  he  found  he  burnt  alive  before  the 
Avails,  so  that  the  Moors  could  see  them  ;  in  one  day  he  burnt 
eighteen,  and*  cast  others  alive  to  the  dogs,  Avho  tore  them  in 
pieces.  They  Avho  could  hide  any  sent  them  aAvay  by  sea  and 
by  land  to  be  sold  ;  the  most  Avhom  they  sent  Avere  young  men 
and  girls,  for  others  they  Avould  not  take ;  and  many  virgins 
they  kept  for  themselves.  And  if  they  kncAv  that  any  avIio 
came  out,  had  left  kinsmen  or  friends  in  the  toAvn  Avho  Avould 
give  any  thing  for  them,  they  tortured  them  before  the  Avails, 
or  hung  them  from  the  toAvers  of  the  Mos(|ucs  Avhich  Avere  Avith- 
out  the  city,  and  stoned  them ;  and  Avhen  they  in  the  toAvn  saAV 
this  they  gave  ransom  for  them,  that  they  might  be  permitted 
to  dwell  in  Alcudia  Avith  the  Moors  avIio  Avere  in  peace  Avith 
■chr.MCki  the  Cid.     'JTiis  continued  for  tAvo  months,  till  there  Avere  only 


tap.  193. 


104.  four  beasts  left  in  the  toAvn,  and  one  Avas  a  mule  of  Abeniaf  s, 

f  ■ios.  '    and  another  Avas  a  horse  of  his  son's ;  and  the  people  Avere  so 


nODRIGO    DIAZ    DE  "BIVAR.  jq- 

wasted   that  there  were  but  few  who   had  strength  to  mount  BOOK 
the  wall.  J^ 

XXVIII.  Tlic  company   of  Abeniaf  and    of  his   kinsmen  n.'wthc 
despaired  now  of  holding  out,  and  of  the  help  of  the  King  of  toa„Aifaqli, 
Zaragoza,  or  of  the  Almoravides,   and   they  desired  rather  to  accordrd 

_-  *  .  _  -'  that  he 

die  than  endure  this  misery.     And  the  ";ood  men  of  the  city,  as  ^^ouidgo 

'-'  ^  beluceuthem 

many  as  were  left,  Mcnt  to  an  Alfaqui,  who  was  a  good  man,  ""^tAeCd. 
and  one  Avho  was  held  in  great  esteem,  and  besought  him  to 
give  thcnv  counsel,  for  he  saw  their  great  distress,  and  how  they 
were  out  of  all  liope  of  succour ;  and  they  besought  liim  that  he 
would  go  to  Abeniaf,  and  know  of  him  what  he  thought  to  do, 
or  Avhat  hope  he  had,  that  he  let  them  all  perish  thus.  The  Al- 
faqui gave  ear  to  them,  and  said  that  if  they  Avould  all  hold 
too;ether,  and  be  of  one  heart,  and  shoAv  orcat  anocr  at  having 
been  brought  to  tliis  misery,  he  v/ould  do  all  he  could  to  rehevc 
them  ;  and  they  promised  to  do  whatever  he  shoidd  advise. 
Ifow  Abeniaf  knev.'  of  the  talk  which  the  good  men  of  the  town 
had  had  with  the  Alfa(|ui,  ami  understood  that  it  was  because 
of  the  great  misery  Avhich  they  endured  ;  and  he  thought  in 
his  heart  that  he  Avould  humble  himself,  and  do  whatever  his 
people  should  think  good.  And  the  Alfaqui  thought  that  happy 
man  was  his  dole  now  that  th#  people  had  committed  theni- 
selves  to  his  o;uidaa;e,  and  he  went  to-  Abeniaf  and  communed 
with  him,  and  tlieir  accord  was  to  give  up  all  hope  of  succour. 
^Vnd  .Vbcniaf  put  himself  in  the  hands  of  the  Alfaqui,  that  he 
should  go  between  him  and  the  Cid  and  the  people  of  ^^alencia,  ch-ie\cii 
and  make  the  liest  terms  for  them  that  he  could,  seemg  that  J^'^'  '^'• 
they  could  no  longer  hold  out,  and  maintain  the  town.  j.aeg/"' 

XXIX.  Here  the  history  relates    that  at  this  time  IMartin  howi/.^cj 


madeMartin 


Pelaez  the  i\sturian  came  with  a  convoy  of  laden  beasts,  carry-  i-lhezlyT 
ing  provisions  to  the  host  of  the  Cid ;  and  as  he  past  near  the  good  a,<^m. 
town  the  Moors  sallied  out  in  great  numbers  against  him ;  but 


]96  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  be,  though  he  had  few  with  him,  defended  the  convoy  right  well, 
>— ^-L/   and  did  great  hurt  to  the  Moors,  slaying  many  of  them,   and 
drove  them  into   the  tOAvn.     'J'his    Martin   Pelaez  who  is  here 
spoken  of,  did  the  Cid  made  a  right  good  knight,  of  a  coward, 
as  ye  shall  hear.      When  the  Cid  first  began  to  lay  siege  to  the 
city  of  Valencia,  this  Martin  Pelaez  came  unto  him  ;  he  was  a 
kniglit,  a  native  of  Santillana  in  Asturias,  a  hidalgo,   great  of 
body  and  strong  of  limb,  a  Avell  made  man  and  of  goodly  sem- 
blance, but  withal  a  right  coAvard  at  heart,  which  he  had  shown 
in  many  places  Avhen  he  Avas  among  feats  of  arms.     And  the 
Cid  Avas  soiTy  Avhen  he  came  unto  him,  though  he  Avould  not  let 
liim  perceive  this  ;  for  he  knew  he  Avas  not  tit  to  be  of  his  com- 
pany.    IIoAvbeit  he  thought  that  since  he  Avas  come  he  Avould 
make  him  brave  Avhether  he  Avould  or  not.     And  Avhen  the  Cid 
began  to  Avar  upon  the  toAvn,  and  sent  parties  against  it  twice 
and  thrice  a  day,  as   ye   have  heard,   for  the  Cid  Avas  alway 
upon  the  alert,  there  Avas  fighting  and   tourneying  every  day. 
One  day  it  fell  out  that  the  Cid'  and  his  kinsmen  and  friends  and 
vassals   Avere  engaged   in   a  great  encounter,    and  this   Martin 
Pelaez  Avas  avcU  armed  ;  and  Avhen  he  saAv  that  the  Moors  and 
Christians  Avere  at  it,  he  fled  and  betook  himself  to  his  lodging, 
and  there  hid  himself  till  the  Cid  returned  to  dinner.     And  the 
Cid  saAV  Avhat  Martin  Pelaez  did,  and  Avhen  he  had  conquered' 
the  Moors  he  returned   to  his  lodging  to  dinner.     Noav  it  Avas 
the  custom  of  the  Cid  to  eat  at  a  high   table,  seated  on  his 
bench,  at  the  head.     And  Don  Alvar  Faiiez,  and  Pero  Bermu- 
dcz,  and   other  precious  knights,  ate  in  another  part,  at  high 
tables,  full  honourably,  and  none  other  knights  Avhatsoever  dared* 
take  their  seats  Avith  them,  unless  they  Avere  such  as  deserved  to 
be  therg ;  and  the  others  Avho  Avere  not  so  approved  in  arms  ate 
upon  esfrados,  at  tables  Avith  cushions  '.     This  Avas  the  order  in 
the  house  of  the  Cid,  and  every  one  kncAv  the  place  Avhere  he- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  igj 

"Was  to  sit  at  meat,  and  every  one  strove  all  he  could  to  gain  the  BOOK 
honour  of  sitting  to  eat  at  the  table  of  Don  Alvar  Fanez  and  .^^.^^ 
his  companions,  by  strenuously  behaving  himself  in  all  feats  of 
arms ;  and  thus  the  honour  of  the  Cid  was  advanced .-  This 
INIartin  Peiaez,  thinking  that  none  had  seen  his  badness,  wash- 
ed his  hands  in  turn  with  the  other  kniohts,  and  Avould  have 
taken  his  phice  among  them.  And  the  Cid  went  unto  lum,  and 
took  him  by  the  hand  and  said,  You  are  not  sucii  a  one  as  de- 
serves to  sit  with  tliesc,  for  they  are  worth  more  than  you  or 
than  me;  but  1  will  i  ave  you  with  me:  and  he  seated  him  with 
himself  at  table.  And  he,  for  lack  of  understanding,  thouo;ht 
that  the  Cid  did  this  to  honour  him  above  all  the  others.  On 
the  morrow  the  Cid  and  his  company  rode  towards  Valencia, 
and  the  Moors  came  out  to  the  tourney  ;  and  Martin  Pelaez 
went  out  well  armed,  and  was  among  the  foremost  who  charged 
the  Moors,  and  when  he  was  in  among  them  he  turned  the  reins, 


*  Comiaii  en  estrados,   e  en  mesas  de  cabccales.     Chronica  General. 

The  others  are  said  to  eat  at  mesas  altas.  It  sliould  seem  therefore,  if  I  have 
not  mistaken  the  meaning  of  the  words,  that  the  common  and  least  honourable 
mode  of  eating  was  after  the  Roman  fashion.  The  Welsh  Kings  had  their  Pedifer, 
whose  office  it  was  to  chafe  their  meat  while  they  were  at  their  meals ; . .  they  pro* 
bably  retained  the  Roman  fashion  also.  By  whom  were  chairs  introduced  into 
common  use  ?  Our  Cowper  has  given  the  rise  and  progress  of  .seat-making,  from 
the  joint-stool  to  the  sopha;  the  subject  still  remains  to  be  investigated  by  anti- 
quarians. Sitting  on  the  ground  is  the  more  natural  and  more  convenient 
custom  : . . .  the  Portugueze  women  of  the  lower  ranks,  who  still  retain  it,  say  it 
keeps  the  feet  warm.  High  seats  may  have  been  preferred  in  cold  countries 
because  it  is  desirable  to  expose  the  feet  to  the  fire,  and  skreen  the  face  from  it; 
by  a  drunken  people  like  the  Northern  conquerors,  because  it  was  convenient 
«t  their  beastly  banquets  that  a  guest  should  fall  under  the  table  rathe».than  on 
his  neighbour's  lap  ;  or  by  a  dirty  people,  like  our  ancestors,  who  suffered  filtli. 
te  accumulate  upon  the  floors. 


|()3  CHRONICLE    or    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  went  back  to  his  lodoino;;  and  the  Cid  took  heed  to  all 
v.:-.^  that  lie  did,  and  saw  that  though  he  had  done  badly  he  had  done 
better  than  the  first  day.  And  Avhen  the  Cid  had  driven  the 
]\IoorsJnto  the  town  he  returned  to  his  lodging,  and  as  liC  sate 
down  to  meat  he  took  this  Martin  Pelaez  by  tho  liand,  and 
seated  him  with  himself,  and  bade  him  eat  witli  him  in  the  same 
dish,  for  he  had  desen^ed  more  that  day  than  lie  had  the  first. 
And  the  knight  g:iive  heed  to  that  saying,  and  was  abashed ; 
howbeit  he  did  as  the  Cid  commanded  him  :  and  after  he  had 
dined  he  went  to  his  lodging  and  began  to  think  upon  what  the 
Cid  had  said  unto  him,  and  perceived  that  he  had  seen  all  the 
baseness  which-  he  had  done ;  and  then  he  understood  that  for 
tliis  cause  he  would  not  let  him  sit  at  board  Avith  the  other 
knights  who  were  precious  in  arms,  but  had  seated  him  with 
himself,  more  to  affront  him  than  to  do  him  honour,  for  there 
Avere  other  knights  there  better  than  he,  and  he  did  not  show 
them  that  honour.  Then  resolved  he  in  his  heart  to  do  better 
than  he  had  done  heretofore.  Another  day  the  Cid  and  his  com- 
pany and  Martin  Pelaez  rode  toAvard  A'^alencia,  and  the  Moors 
came  out  to  the  toumey  full  resolutely,  and  ]\Iartin  Pelaez  was 
among  the  first,  and  charged  them  right  boldly ;  and  he  smote 
doAvn  and  sIcav  presently  a  good  knight,  and  he  lost  there  all 
the  bad  fear  Avhich  he  had  had,  and  Avas  that  day  one  of  the  best 
knights  there:  and  as  long  as  tlie  tourne}'^  lasted  there  he  re- 
mained, smiting  and  slaying  and  overthroAving  the  IMoors,  till 
they  Avcrc  driven  Avithin  the  gates,  in  such  manner  that  the 
Moors  marvelled  at  liim,  and  asked  Avhere  that  Devil  came  fi'om, 
for  they  had  never  seen  liim  before.  And  the  Cid  Avas  in  a  place 
where  lit  could  see  all  that  Avas  going  on,  and  he  gave  good  heed 
to  him,  antl  had  great  pleasure  in  beholding  him,  to  see  hoAV 
Avell  he  had  forootten  the  great  fear  Avhich  he  Av'as  Avont  to  have. 
And  Avhcn  the  Moors  AA-ere  shut  up  Avithin  the  toAvn,  the  Cid  and 


RODRIGO   DIAZ   DE   BIVAR.  jgg 

all  his  people  returned  to  their  lodging,  and  Martin  Pelaez  full  BOOK 
leisurely  and  quietly  went  to  his  lodging  also,  like  a  good  knight,  s.,-^^ 
And  when  it  was  the  hour  of  eating  the  Cid  waited  for  Martin 
Pelaez,  and  M^hen  he  came,  and  they  had  Avashed,  the  Cid  took 
him  by  the  hand  and  said,  My  friend,  you  are  not  such  a  one  as 
deserves  to  sit  with  me  fi*om  henceforth,  but  sit  you  here  Avith  Don 
Alvar  Fanez,  and  Avith  these  other  good  knights,  for  the  .good 
feats  which  you  luu-e  done  this  day  have  made  you  a  companion 
for  them;  and  from  that  day  forward  he  Avas  placed  in  the  , 
company  of  the  good.  And  the  history  saith  that  from  that 
day  forAvard  this  knight  Martin  Pelaez  A\'as  a  right  good  one, 
and  a  right  A-aliant,  and  a  right  precious,  in  all  places  Avhere 
he  chanced  among  feats  of  arms,  and  he  liAcd  alway  Avith  the 
Cid,  and  served  him  right  Avell  and  tmly.  And  the  history 
saith,  that  after  the  Cid  had  Avon  the  city  of  Valencia,  on  the 
day  Avhen  they  conquered  and  discomfited  the  King  of  Seville, 
this  Martin  Pelaez  Avas  so  good  a  one,  that  setting  aside  the 
body  of  the  Cid  himself,  there  Avas  no  such  good  knight  tliere^ 
nor  one  Avho  bore  such  part,  as  Avell  in  the  battle  as  in  the  pur- 
suit. And  so  great  Avas  the  mortalit}"  Avhich  he  made  among  the 
Moors  that  day,  that  Avhen  he  returned  from  the  business  the 
sleeves  of  his  mail  Avere  clotted  Avith  blood,  up  to  the  elbow  r 
insomuch  that  for  Avhat  he  did  that  day  his  name  is  Avritten  in 
this  history,  that  it  may  never  die.  And  Avhen  the  Cid  saAv  him 
come  in  that  guise,  he  did  him  great  honour,  such  as  he  never 
had  done  to  any  knight  before  that  day,  and  from  thenceforAvard 
gave  him  a  place  in  all  his  actions  and  in  all  his  secrets,  and  he 
was  his  great  friend.  In  this  knight  Martin  Pelaez  Avas  fulfilled 
the  example  Avhich  saith,  that  he  who  betaketli  himself  to  a  good- 
tree,  hath  good  shade,  and  he  Avho  serves  a  good  Lord  Avinneth 
good  guerdon ;  for  by  reason  of  the  good  senice  Avhich  he  did 
the  Cid,  he  came  to  such  good  state  that  he  was  spokea  of  as  ye 


qOQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  have  heard  :  for  the  Cid  knew  how  to  make  a  good  knight,  as  a 
v-*-v^   good  groom  knows  how  to  make  a  good  horse.     The  history 
rupAoo—g'.  now  leaves  to  speak  of  him,  and  returns  to  the  accord  of  the 
f.  .269.  '    Ahluiui  and  Abeniaf,  which  thej  propounded  unto  the  Cid. 
now  the  XXX.    This  Ahaqui  sent  his  messengers  to  an  Almoxarife  of 

beyiMed     the  Cid  whose  name  was  Abdalla  Adiz,  Avho  was  a  good  nmn 

vp,  if  »uo  _  '^ 

com- did  not  anrl  one  wliom  the  Cid  loved,  and  Avho  never  left  him  after  lie 

feme  within 

fficm  days,  had  obtained  his  favour.  And  when  Abdalla  Adiz  heard  that 
they  Avished  to  propose  terms,  he  spake  Avith  the  Cid  upon  this 
matter,  and  the  Cid  bade  him  enter  the  town,  and  speak  with 
them,  and  know  of  them  what  they  would  have.  And  he  Avent 
into  the  toAvn,  and  spake  Avith  them  as  the  Cid  had  commanded, 
and  came  out  again,  and  reported  unto  him  Avhat  they  had 
said,  till  he  had  made  terms  betAveen  them.  Abeniaf  sent  three 
good  men  Avith  him  to  confirm  the  terms  Avhich  Avere  made, 
and  the  covenant  was  after  this  manner,  that  they  of  Valencia 
should  send  messengers  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  to  Ali 
Abenaxa  Avho  Avas  Adelantado  of  the  Almoravides  and  Lord 
of  Murcia,  beseeching  them  to  succour  them  Avithin  fifteen  days  ; 
and  if  Avithin  that  time  they  Avere  not  succoured  they  should 
then  give  up  the  city  to  the  Cid,  Avith  such  conditions,  that 
Abeniaf  should  remain  mighty  in  the  tOAvn,  as  he  had  been 
before,  his  person  being  secure  and  all  that  he  had,  and  his 
Avives,  and  his  children,  and  that  he  should  remain  Veedor,  that 
is  to  say,  Overseer,  of  all  the  rents  of  the  toAvn,  he  and  the  Al- 
moxarife of  the  Cid,  and  a  Moor  who  Avas  called  Musa  should 
be  G  uazil  of  the  town  ;  this  Musa  had  looked  after  the  affairs 
of  the  Cid  in  the  time  of  King  Yahia,  and  never  forsook  him 
after  the  death  of  the  King  his  Lord ;  and  the  Cid  made  him 
Alcayde  of  a  Castle,  and  ahvay  found  him  loj^al,  and  at  his 
service,  and  for  this  reason  trusted  he  in  him  so  as  to  make 
him   G uazil,  Avho  should  keep  the  keys  of  the  toArn,  Avith  a 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  201 

guard  of  Almocadenes,  and  of  Christian  footmen  of  Almo^avares  BOOK 

•  vr 

who  had  been  born  in  the  land   of  the  Moors.     And  it   was  -^^.^^ 

appointed  that  the   Cid   should   dwell  in  Juballa,   in  the  town 

which  he  had  made,   and  that  he  should  alter  none  of  their  pri- 

•1  r    T      ■  I  1-11  -1  Chr.delCii. 

vileges,  nor  or  their  customs,  nor  the  rents  which  they  paid,  nor  "p-aoo. 

Chr.  Gen. 

their  money.  f-  270. 

XXXI.     Presently  on  the  morrow  they   sent  five  good  men  ofthenches 

I  -J  ^ .  /^    r-r  which  ivere 

as  messengers  to  the  King  of  Zaragoza,  and  as  many  more  to M^dupon 
Murcia;   and  it  had  been   covenanted   that   neither   of   these  ?<■'«''■"'' ?/" 

the  price  of 

messengers  should  take  with  him  more  then  fifty  maravedisf""'" 
for  his  journey,  and  that  they  should  go  by  sea  as  far  as 
Denia,  in  a  ship  of  the  Christians,  and  from  thence  by  land, 
lliese  messengers  embarked  with  their  company  on  board  that 
ship,  and  the  Cid  sent  orders  to  the  master  thereof  not  to 
sail  till  he  came ;  and  the  Cid  came  himself  in  his  own  body 
and  bade  them  search  the  messengers  to  see  if  they  took  with 
them  more  than  had  been  agreed;  and  he  found  upon  them 
great  riches  in  gold  and  in  silver  and  in  pearls  and  in  precious 
stones ;  part  was  their  own,  and  part  belonged  to  other  mer- 
chants in  the  city,  who  thought  to  send  it  to  Murcia,  not  be- 
ing minded  to  abide  in  "\'alencia :  and  he  took  it  all,  leaving 
them  no  more  than  fifty  maravedis  each,  according  to  tlie  cove- 
nant. This  was  the  price  of  food  on  the  day  when  these  mes- 
sengers departed :  the  pound  of  wheat  was  three  maravedis, 
and  the  pound  of  barley  one  and  a  half,  and  the  pound  of 
painick  three,  saving  a  quarter ;  the  ounce  of  cheese  three  dine- 
ros,  and  the  ounce  of  hemp  seed  four,  and  the  pound  of  cole- 
Avort  one  maravedi  and  two  dineros  of  sUver,  and  the  pound 
of  neat-skin  one  maravedi.  In  the  Avhole  town  there  was 
only  one  mule  of  Abeniaf's,  and  one  horse :  another  horse 
which  belonged  to  a  Moor  he  sold  to  a  butcher  for  three  hundred  j' 


Chr.  Gen. 

•270. 
Chr.delCid. 


and    eighty    doblas   of  gold,   bargaining    that  he    should    Imve  c^'aoi 

3  D 


202  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  ten   pounds  of  the  flesh.     And  the  butcher  sold   the   flesh   of 
.^„~.^   that   horse  at  ten  rnaravedis  the  short  pound,  and  afterwards 

at  twelve,  and  the  head  for  twenty  dohlas  of  gold. 
How  the  city       XXXII.     The  Moors  of  Valencia  were  now  something  com- 
"y.  forted,  for   they  weened  that  they  should  receive  help,  and  the 

Christians  did  not  now  war  upon  them  ;  nevertheless  they  kept 
guard,  and  Avent  the  rounds,  as  before,  and  waited  for  the  day 
appointed,  as  one  who  looked  to  be  released  from  prison.     And 
for  tliis  reason  men  began  to  bring  out  the  food  which  they  had 
hidden,  and  to  sell  of  it,  and   thus  they  went  on  till  the  time 
expired,  and  the  messengers  were  not  returned.     And   Abeniaf 
besought  them    that  they    would    wait   yet   three    days   more, 
but  they  made   answer  that  they    would    not,   for  they  could 
bear    it  no    longer.      And    the    Cid    sent   unto    them    bidding 
them  yield  up  the   town,  as  they  had  covenanted  to  do  ;  and 
he  swore   with  great  oaths,  that  if  they  delayed  a  single   hour 
after  the  time  was  expired,  he  would  not  keep  the  terms  which 
he  had  made,  and  moreover  that  he  would  slay  the  hostages ; 
nevertheless  they    let  a  day    pass    over  and  above    the    term. 
And   then  they  who   made  the  covenant   with   the   Cid  Avent 
out  unto  him  and  besought  him  to  come  and  receive  the  town, 
but  the  Cid  said  wrathfuUy  to  them    that  he  was   not   bound 
to  keep  the    terms,  seeing  they  had  let    the    time    appointed 
pass ;  and  they  yielded  themselves  into  his  hands  that  he  should 
do  with  them  according  to  his   pleasure  ;    then    he  was  mov- 
ed to  compassion,  and   had  pity    upon   them.     And    Abeniaf 
and  other  good  men  came  out,  and  the  writings    were  made 
and     were    confirmed    on    both    sides,    by    the    Chiefs    of  the 
Christians  and  of  the  Moors,  and  the  gates  were  opened  at  the 
hour  of  noon,  upon  Thursday  the  last  day  of  June,    after  the 
feast  of  St.  John,  which  the  Moors  call   Alhazaro.     And  when 
the  gate  was  opened  Abeniaf  was  there  within,  with  a  great 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^^^ 

203 

company  rouiid  about  him,  both  of  his  own  people  and  of  those  BOOK 
of  the  town;    and    the  Christians   as    they   entered   ascended  J^ 
the  walls  and  towers.      And  Abeniaf  asked  why  so  many  went  ,,  ^,,, 
up    for  It  was  not  m  the  terms;  but  they  would  not  cease  for  Z^ 
mat,  and  they  took  possession  of  all,  little  to  his  likino-.  f  :;'^~- 

o"  Ji-  271. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  SEVENTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


BOOK      I.    And  all  the  people  of  the  tou'ii  gathered   together,   like 
.^...^^   men   risen  from   their  graves,  .  .  yea,  like  the   dead  when  the 
fUdkdafur  trumpet  shall  sound  for  the  day  of  judgment,  and  men  shall 
thtjamme.   j.Qj^-,g  q^^^  ^j-'  their  o;raves  and  be  gathered  tooether  before  the 
Majesty  of  God.  And  hucksters  came  from  Alcudia  and  brought 
bread  and  pulse   to  sell,  and  others  of  the  town  went  out  to 
Alcudia  to  buy  food ;  and  they  who  were  poor,  and  had  not 
whercAvith  to  buy,   plucked  of  the  herbs  of  the  field  and  ate 
them,  and  they  held  themselves  rich  because  they  could  go  out 
when  they  would,  and  enter  in  again  without  fear.     And  such 
as  were  wise  among  them  abstained  fi'om  taking  much  food,  fear- 
ing what  would  happen,  and  they  took  it  little  by  little  till  they 
had  gotten  strength ;  all  they  who  took  their  fill  died,  and  the 
Mp'^'fos^"'"  mortality  among  them  was  so  great  that  all  the  fields  were  foil 
/>7?""    of  graves. 


CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 


205 


II.  On  the  following  dav  after  the  Christians  had  taken  pos-  BOOK 
session  of  the  town,  the  Cid  entered  it  with  a  great  company,   v.<^w^ 
and  he  ascended  the  highest  tower  of  the  wall,  and  beheld  all  the  !^JrM 
city;  and  the  Moors  came  unto  him,  and  kissed  his  hand,  say-  Into L ' 
ing  he  was  welcome.     And  the  Cid  did  great  honour  unto  them.  '  '^'' 
And  then  he  gave  order  that  all  the  windows  of  the  towers  which 
looked  in   upon  the  town  should  be  closed  up,  that  the  Chris- 
tians might  not  see  what  the  Moors  did  in  their  houses  ;  and  the 
INIoors  thanked  him  for  this  greatly.     And  he  commanded   and 
requested  the  Clixistians  that  they  should  show  great  honour  to 

the  Moors,  and  respect  them,  and  greet  them  when  they  met : 
and  the  Moors  thanked  the  Cid  greatly  tbr  the  honour  which 
the  Christians  did  them,  saying  that  they  had  never  seen  so 
good  a  maji,  nor  one  so  honourable,  nor  one  who  had  his  people  «?'  aoi. ' 

,  111-  C^''-  G«it. 

under  such  obedience.  ,   j.  271. 

III.  Now  Abeniaf  thought  to  Imve  the  love  of  the  Cid;  and  How  the  ad 
calling  to  mind  the  wrath  with  which  he  had  formerly  been  re-  <a^1w 
ceived,  because  he  had  not  taken  a  gift  with  him,  he  took  now 

great  riches  which  he  had  taken  fi'om  those  who  sold  bread  for 
so  great  a  price  during  the  siege  of  Valencia,  and  this  he  carried 
to  the  Cid  as  a  present.  Among  those  who  had  sold  it  were 
some  men  from  the  Islands  of  Majorca  ',  and  he  took  from 
them  all  that  they  had.  This  the  Cid  knew,  and  he  would  not 
accept  his  gifts.  xVnd  the  Cid  caused  proclamation  to  be  made 
in  the  town  and  throughout  the  whole  district  thereof,  that  the 
honourable  men  and  knights  and  castellans  should  assemble 
together  in  the  garden  of  \'illa  Nueva,  where  the  Cid  at  that 
time  sojourned.  And  Avhen  they  were  all  assembled,  he  went 
out  unto  them,  to  a  place  which  was  made  ready  with  carpets 


'  All  the  Balearic  Islands,  thus  called  as  being  subject  to  the  largest. 


qoQ  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  with  mats,  and  he  made  them  take  then*  seats  before  him 
.^^^  full  honourably,  and  began  to  speak  unto  them,  saying,  I. am  a 
man  who  have  never  possessed  a  kingdom,  neither  I  nor  any 
man  of  ray  lineage.     But  the  day  when  I  first  beheld  this  city  I 
was  well  pleased  therewith,  and  coveted  it  that  I  might  be  its 
Lord ;  and  I  besought  the  Lord  our  God  that  he  would  give  it 
me.     See  now  what  his  poAver  is,  for  the  day  when  I  sate  down 
before  Juballa  I  had  no  more  than  four  loaves  of  bread,  and 
now  by  God's  mercy  I  have  won  Valencia.    And  if  I  administer 
right  and  justice  here  God  will  let  me  enjoy  it,  but  if  I  do  evil, 
and  demean  myself  proudly  and  wrongfully,  I  know  that  he  will 
take  it  away.     Now  then  let  every  one  go  to  his  own  lands,  and 
possess  them  even  as  he  was  wont  to  have  and  to  hold  them. 
-   He  Avho    shall  find  liis  field,    or   his   vineyard,   or  his  garden, 
desert,  let  him  incontinently  enter  thereon  ;  and  he  who  shall 
find  his  husbanded,  let  him  pay  him  that  hath  cultivated  it  the 
cost  of  his  labour,  and  of  the  seed  Avhich  he  hath  sown  therein, 
and  remain  with  his  heritage,  according  to  the  law  of  the  Moors. 
Moreover  I  have  given  order  that  they  Avho  collect  my  dues 
take  from  j'ou  no  more  than  the  tenth,  because  so  it  is  appointed 
by  the  custom  of  the  Moors,  and  it  is  Avhat  3'e  have  been  wont 
~to  pay.     And  I  have  resolved  in  ray  heart  to  hear  your  com- 
plaints two  days  in  the  week,  on  the  Monday  and  the  Thursday  ; 
but  if  causes  should  arise  which  require  haste,  come  to  me  when 
ye  will  and  I  will  give  judgment,  for  I  do  not  retire  with  wo- 
men to  sing  and  to  drink,  as  your  Lords  have  done,  so  that  ye 
could  obtain  no  justice,  but  will  myself  see  to  these  things,  and 
watch  over  ye  as  friend  over  his  friend,  and  kinsman  over  his 
kinsman.     And  I  will  be  Cadi^  and  Guazil,  and  when  dispute 


'  Both  originals  have  Akayde.    The  Cid  uses  the  word  in  its  civil  sense ;  in 


RODRIGO  DIAZ    DE    131 VAK.  QQJ 

happens  among  yc  I  will  decide  it.     AMien  he  had  said  these  BOOK 
tilings  they  all  replied  that  they  prayed  God  to  presen-e  him  ,^^,-;^ 
through  long  and  happy  years,  and  four  of  the  most  honourable  ^^^^^^^..^ 
among  them  rose  and  kissed  his  hands,  and  the  Cid  bade  them  ^^  2^*; 
take  their  seats  again.  ^'  '^'^ 

IV.     Then   the   Cid  spake   unto  them   and   said,   it  is  told  frhatfar- 

^  _  _  ther  the  Cid 

me   that  Abeniaf  hath  done  much  evil,  and  committed  great  siiduntnthc 

^  Moon, 

wrong  toward  some  of  ye,  in  that  he  hath  taken  great  riches 
from  ye  to  present  them  to  me,  saying,  that  this  he  did  be- 
cause ye  sold  food  for  a  great  price  during  the  siege.  But  I 
will  accept  of  no  such  gift ;  for  if  I  were  mingled  to  have  your 
riches,  I  could  take  them,  and  need  not  ask  them  neither  from 
liim,  nor  from  any  other ;  but  thing  so  unseemly  as  to  take 
that  which  is  his  from  any  one,  without  just  cause,  I  will 
not  do.  Tliey  who  have  gotten  wealth  thus,  God  hath  given 
it  them  ;  let  them  go  to  Abeniaf,  and  take  back  what  he  hath 
forced  from  them,  for  I  will  order  him  to  restore  the  whole. 
Then  he  said.  Ye  see  the  riches  wliich  I  took  from  the  messengers 
who  went  to  ]\Iurcia ;  it  is  mine  by  right,  for  I  took  it  in  war 
because  they  brake  the  covenant  which  they  had  made,  and 
would  have  deceived  me :  nevertheless  I  will  restore  it  to 
the  uttermost  farthing,  that  nothing  thereof  shall  be  lost.  And 
ye  shall  do  homage  to  me  that  ye  Avill  not  withdraw  yourselves, 
but  will  abide  here,  and  do  my  bidding  in  all  things,  and 
never    depart   fi'om  the  covenant  which    ye    make   with  me  ; 


■which  sense  every  person  who  has  read  the  Arabian  Nights  Entertainmentt 
uill  understand  it.  If  the  Moors  in  Spain  had  but  one  Cadi. . .  that  is,  if  the 
civil  power  was  in  the  hands  of  a  militar)-  officer,  as  perhaps  may  be  inferred 
from  the  word  Alcayde,  it  is  one  proof  more  of  the  miserable  state  of  barbarism 
into  which  they  had  fallen. 


203  CHRONICLE    OI-    THE    CID, 

BOOK  for  I  love  ye,  and   am  grieved   to   think  of  the  great  evil  and 
y,,,,rs/s^  misery  which  ye  endured  from   the  great  famine,  and  of  the 
mortality  wliicli   there   was.     And  if  ye  had  done  that  before 
which  ye  have  done  now,  ye  would  not  have  been  brought  to 
these  sufferings  and  have  bought  the  cajiz  of  wheat  at  a  thou- 
sand maravedis ;  but  I  trust  in  God  to  bring  it  to  one  jnaravedi. 
Be  ye  now  secure  in  your  lands,  and  till  your  fields,   and  rear 
cattle ;  for  I  have  given   order  to  my  men   that  they  offer  ye 
no  wrong,    neither  enter  into  the  town  to  buy  nor  to  sell ;  but 
that  they  carry   on   all  their  dealings   in    Alcudia,   and  this   I 
do  that  ye  may  receive  no  displeasure.     ]\Ioreover  I  command 
them  not  to  take  any  captive  into  the  town,  but  if  this  should  be 
done,  lay  ye  hands  on  the  captive  and  set  him  free,  without 
fear,  and  if  any  one  should  resist,  kill  him  and  fear  not.    I  my- 
self will  not  enter  your  city  nor  dwell  therein,  but  I  will  build 
me   a  place  beside  the  Bridge  of  Alcantara,  where  I  may  go 
fap^205^"^'  iind  disport  myself  at   times,    and   repair  when  it  is  needful. 
^•'ari'"'     AVhen  he  had  said  these  things  he  bade  them  go  their  way. 
How  the  pro.       Y.      Wcll    plcascd   were    the    Moors    when    they    departed 
"ciTproved    from  him,  and  they  marvelled  at  the  greatness  of  his  promises^ 
hoThTde.    and  they  set  their  hearts  at  rest,  and  put  away  t'le  fear  which 

mandtd  that  iiiii-i*  ni*  ii  *  /»• 

Meniaf      thcy    luul    liau,   thmkmg   all   their   troubles  were  over;  for   m 

should  he  ^  .  .  ^. 

deiiieredin-  all   thc   |:)romiscs   Avhich   the    Cid    had   made   unto    them,  they 

to  hii  hands.  ' 

believed  that  he  spake  truth;  but  he  said  these  things  only 
to  quiet  them,  and  to  make  them  come  to  what  he  wished, 
even  as  came  to  pass.  And  when  he  had  done,  he  sent  his 
Almoxarife,  Abdalla  Adiz,  to  the  Custom  House,  and  made 
him  appoint  men  to  collect  the  rents  of  the  toAvn  for  him, 
which  Avas  done  accordinolv.  And  when  thc  Cid  had  given 
order  concerning  his  own  affairs  at  his  pleasure,  the  Moors 
Avould  fain  have  entered  again  into  possession  of  their  heritages 
us  he  told  them  ;  but  they  found  it  all  otherwise,  for  of  all  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^qq 

fields   which  the   Christians    had    husbanded,    they    would    not  BOOK 
yield  up  one  ;  albeit  they   let  them  enter   upon  such  as  were   Z^^ 
left  waste  :  some  said  that  the  Cid  had  given  them  the  lands  that        '^ 
year,  instead   of  their   pay,   and   other  some  that  they  rented 
them  and  had  paid  rent  for  the  year.     So  the  Moors  seeing 
this,  waited  till  Thursday,  when  the  Cid  was  to  hear  complaints'', 
as  he  had  said  unto  them.     When  Thursday  came  all  the  honour- 
able men  went  to  the  Garden,   but  the  Cid  sent  to  say  unto 
them  that  he  could  not  come  out  that  day,   because  of  other 
causes   which  he  had  to  determine;  and  he  desired   that  they 
would  go  their  way  for  that  time,  and  come  again  on  the  iMon- 
day  :  this  was  to  show  his  mastery.     And  when  it  was  Mon- 
day they  assembled  again  in  the  Garden,  and   the  Cid  came 
out  to  them,  and  took  his  seat  upon  the  estrado,  and  the  Moors 
.  made   their   complaint.     And    when   he   had    heard    them,    he 
began  to  make  similitudes,   and  offer  reasons  which  were'  not 
hke   those  which  he  had  spoken   the  first  day,  for  he  said  to 
them,  I  ask  of  ye,   whether  it  is    well    that   I  siiould   be  left 
without  men.?    for  if  I  were  without  them,  I  should    be   like 
unto  one  who  hath  lost  his  right  arm,  or  to  a  bird  that  hath 
no  wings,  or  to  one  who  should   do  battle  and   hath   neither 
spear   nor  sword.     The   first    thing   which    I    have   to   look  to 
is    to  the   well-being   of   my    people,    that  they    may   live   in 
wealth   and  honour,    so  that  they  may   be  able   to  serve  me, 
and  defend  my  honour:  for  since  it  has  pleased   God  to  give 
me  the  city  of  Valencia,  I  will  not  that  there  be  any  other  Lord 
here  than  me.     Therefore  I  say  unto  you  and  command  you,  if 
you   would    be  well    with  me,    and  would  that  I   should  show 
favour  unto  you,  that  ye  see  how  to  deliver  that  traitor  Abeniaf 
mto  my  hands.     Ye  all  know  the  great  treason  which  he  com- 
mitted  upon  King  Yahia,   his   Lord  and  yours,  how  he  slew 
him,  and  the  misery  which  he  brought  upon  you  in  the  siege ;  and 

2   E 


210  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  since  it  is  not  fitting  that  a  traitor  Avho  hath  slain  Iiis  Lord 
v.^rv>l/  should  live  among  you,  and  that  his  treason  should  be  con- 
c,^'.  toe."'"  founded  with  yoin*   loyalty,  see  to  the  obeyment  of  my  com- 

•207.  1 

(hr.  Ge„.    mancl. 

„"'"'  \'I.      AMien   the   honourable    Moors   heard   this    they   M-ere 

How  the  J 

^ouZi^^'^  dismayed ;  verily  they  knew  that  he  spake  truth  touching  the 
li^^ltid  death  of  the  King,  but  it  troubled  them  that  he  departed  from 
\hei^d\f'  the  promise  -vvhich  he  had  made ;  and  they  made  answer  that 
""^'  the}'  would  take  counsel  concerning  what  he  had  said,  and 
then  reply.  Then  five  of  the  best  and  most  honourable  among 
them  withdrew,  and  went  to  Abdalla  Adiz,  and  said  unto  him, 
Arced  us  thy  reed  now  the  best  and  truest  that  thou  canst, 
for  thou  art  of  our  law,  and  oughtest  to  do  this:  and  the  rea- 
son Avhy  we  ask  counsel  of  thee  is  this.  The  Cid  promised  us 
manv  thinss,  and  now  behold  he  savs  nothing  to  us  of  what 
he  said  before,  but  moveth  other  new  reasons,  at  which  great 
dismay  hath  seized  us.  And  because  thou  better  knowest  his  ways, 
tell  us  now  what  is  liis  pleasure,  for  albeit  ^ve  might  Avish  to 
do  otherwise,  this  is  not  a  time  wherein  any  thing  but  what 
he  shall  command  can  be  done.  AVhen  the  Almoxarife  heard 
this  he  made  answer.  Good  men,  it  is  easy  to  understand 
what  he  would  have,  and  to  do  what  should  be  done.  A\'e 
all  know  the  oreat  treason  which  Abeniaf  committed  against 
ye  all  in  killing-  vour  Lord  the  Kins;:  for  albeit  at  that  time  ye 
felt  the  burden  of  the  Christians,  j'et  was  it  nothmg  so  great 
iis  after  he  had  killed  him,  neither  did  ye  suti'er  such  misery. 
And  since  God  hath  brought  him  who  was  the  cause  to  this 
state,  see  now  by  all  means  how  ye  may  deliver  him  into  the 
hands  of  the  Cid.  And  fear  not,  neither  take  thought  for  the  rest ; 
for  though  the  Cid  may  do  his  pleasure  in  some  things,  better 
_  is  it  to  have  liim  for  Lord,  than  this  traitor  who  hath  brought 
so  much  evil  upon  ye.     Moreover  the  thuigs  of  this  world  soon 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


Qii 


pass  away,  and  my  heart  tells  me  that  we  shall  ere  long;  come  BOOK 

^  \  IT 

out  of  the  bondage  of  the  Cid,  and  of  the  Christians,  for  the  ^^.r^^ 
Cid  is  well  nigh  at  the  fldl  of  his  days,  and  we  who  remain 
alive  after  his  death,  shall  then  be  masters  of  our  city.  ^Vlien 
the  good  men  heard  what  he  said,  they  thanked  him  much, 
and  held  themselves  to  be  well  advised,  and  said  that  they 
would  do  willingly  what  he  bade  them :  and  they  returned 
forthwith  to  the  Cid,  and  said  unto  him  that  they  would  tulfil 
his  commandment.  Incontinently  did  the  good  men  dis- 
peed  themselves  of  the  Cid,  and  they  went  into  tlic  city,  and 
gathered  together  a  great  posse  of  armed  men,  and  went  to^ 
the  place  where  Abeniaf  dwelt ;  and  they  assaulted  the  house 
and  brake  the  doors,  and  entered  in  and  laid  hands  on  him, 
and  his  son,  and  all  his  company,  and  carried  them  before 
the  Cid.  And  the  Cid  ordered  xibeniaf  to  be  cast  into  prison,  chr.deicid. 
and  all  those  who  had  taken  counsel  with  him  for  the  death  oi'Z''a.'^°" 

mg  1  ahia.  f.  0.3. 

VII.  When  this  Avas  done,  the  Cid  said  unto  the  good  How  the  ca 
men,  Now  that  ye  have  fulfilled  my  bidding,  1  hold  it  good  TouiTmi 
to  show  favour  unto  you  in  that  which  ye  yourselves  shall  zWamihZ 
understand  to  be  fitting  for  me  to  grant.  Say  therefore  what  «»'"« 
ye  Avould  have,  and  1  will  do  that  which  1  think  behoveth  me  : 
but  in  this  manner,  that  my  dwelling  place  be  within  the  city 
of  Valencia,  in  the  Aicazar,  and  that  my  Christian  men  have 
all  the  fortressess  in  the  city.  And  when  the  good  men  heard 
this,  they  were  greatly  troubled ;  howbeit  they  dissembled  the 
sorrow  which  they  resented,  and  said  unto  him.  Sir  Cid,  order  it 
as  you  think  good,  and  'we  c(msent  thereto.  Then  said  iie  unto 
them  that  he  would  obsen'e  towards  them  all  the  uses  and  customs 
of  their  law,  and  that  he  Avould  have  the  power,  and  be  Lord 
of  all;  and  they  should  till  tlieir  tields  and  iced  their  fiocks 
and  herds,  and  giev  him  his  tenth,  and  he  would  take  no  more. 


he  took  pes* 


213  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  When  the  Moors  heard  tliis  they  were  well  pleased,  and  since 
v^v>J  they  were  to  remain  in  the  town,  and  in  their  houses  and 
their  inheritances,  and  with  their  uses  and  customs,  and  that 
their  Mosques  were  to  be  left  them,  they  held  themselves  not  to 
be  badly  off.  Then  they  asked  the  Cid  to  let  their  Guazil 
be  the  same  as  he  had  first  appointed,  and  that  he  would  give 
them  for  their  Cadi  the  Alfaqui  Alliagi,  and  let  him  appoint 
whom  he  would  to  assist  him  in  distributing  justice  to  the 
Moors  ;  and  thus  he  himself  would  be  relieved  of  the  wearisome- 
ness  of  hearing  them,  save  only  when  any  great  occasion  might 
befall.  This  Alhaei  was  he  avIio  made  the  lamentation  for 
Valencia,  as  ye  have  heard ;  and  when  the  Cid  was  peaceably 
established  in  Valencia,  he  was  converted,  and  the  Cid  made 
him  a  Christian.  And  the  Cid  granted  this  which  they  required, 
and  they  kissed  his  hand,  and  returned  into  the  town.  Nine 
months  did  the  Cid  hold  Valencia  besieged,  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  it  fell  into  his  power,  and  he  obtained  possession 
of  the  walls,  as  ye  have  heard.  And  one  month  he  was  prac- 
tising with  the  Moors  that  he  might  keep  them  quiet,  till 
Abeniaf  was  delivered  into  his  hands ;  and  thus  ten  months 
were  fulfilled,  and  they  were  fulfilled  on  Thiu'sday  the  last  day 
of  June,  in  the  year  of  the  ajra  one  thousand  one  hundred  and 
thirty  and  one,  which  was  in  the  year  one  thousand  ninety  and 
three  ^  of  the  Incarnation  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.     And  when 


•  Both  the  Chronicles  say  sera  112o.  i.e.  A.D.  1087;  but  by  specifying 
Thursday,  the  last  day  of  June,  they  supply  a  date  for  correcting  this  error.  Ber- 
<Tanza,  5.  24.  §  299,  calculates  that  the  last  day  of  June  would  fall  on  a  Thursday, 
in  the  years  1082,  1093,  and  10L)9  :  the  last  is  the  year  of  the  Cid's  death,  and 
Valencia  certainly  was  not  taken  in  the  former.  Yet  he  supposes  a  mistake  of 
one  day,  and  follows  the  Jnales  de  Toledo  in  fixing  1094  as  the  year  of  the  con- 
quest; that  date  seeming  to  agree  best  with  the  Chronology  of  other  connected 
events.     If  the  day  be  assumed  as  datum,  the  result  should  be  adhered  to. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  213 

the  Cid  bad  finished  all  liis  dealings  with  the  Moors,  on  this  day  BOOK 
he  took  horse  with  all  his  company  in  good  array,  his  banner  v^lil^ 
being  carried  before  him,  and  his  arms  behind  :  and  in  this  guise, 
with  great  rejoicings  he  entered  the  city  of  A'alencia.  And  he 
alighted  at  the  Alcazar,  and  gave  order  to  lodge  all  his  men 
round  about  it,  and  he  bade  them  plant  his  banner  upon  the 
highest  tower  of  the  Alcazar.  Glad  was  the  Campeador,  and 
all  they  who  were  with  him,  when  they  saAv  his  banner  planted 
in  that  place.  And  from  that  day  forth  was  the  Cid  possessed 
of  all  the  Castles  and  fortresses  which  Avere  in  the  kino-dora  of  chr.ddcu. 

cap.  iOS. 

Valencia,  and  established  in  what  God  had  sriven  him,  and  he  ^'^^■ 

~  Chr.  Gen, 

and  all  his  people  rejoiced.  /.  ^73. 

VIII.   On  the  morrow  the  Cid  sent  Abeniaf  to  Juballa,  and  HowAbeniaf 

1  !•  -Ill  1  •/>!  "■"*  '"'^"''^'i 

they  gaA'e  him  great  tortures  till  he  was  at  tlie  pomt  of  death ;  *«  "^^ '""» 

111  1*1  1  1  fi^"^  account 

and  they  kept  hmi  there  two  days,  and  then  brouoht  him  to  »/''« '■"^''«*» 

,  '^  .  and  he  gave 

Valencia  to  the  Garden  of  the  Cid,  and  the  Cid  gave  order  that  •^f"^"^- 

~  count,  and 

he  should  write  Avith  his  own  hand  an  account  of  all  that  he  had.  ^'^'^"^^ 
And  he  did  this,  and  wrote  down  the  carkanets,  and  rings,  and 
costly  garments,  and  rich  a{)parel  which  he  had,  and  also  many 
other  precious  household  things,  and  the  debts  which  were  due 
unto  him.  This  the  Cid  did  that  he  might  see  if  all  was  there 
which  Abeniaf  had  taken  Avhen  he  slew  the  King  his  Master; 
and  the  writing  was  read  before  the  Cid.  And  the  Cid  sent  for 
certain  Moors  who  were  good  and  honourable  men,  and  niade 
Abeniaf  be  brought  before  him,  and  demanded  of  him  if  he  had 
nothing  more  than  what  was  there  Avritten  down ;  and  he  an- 
swered that  he  had  not :  and  he  bade  him  SAvear  this  before  the 
Moors,  and  Abeniaf  swore  accordindv.  Then  the  Cid  sent 
privily  to  make  search  in  all  the  houses  of  the  friends  of  Abeniaf, 
SAvearing  unto  them,  that  if  they  had  any  thing  of  his  and  denied 
it,  and  it  should  afterAvards  be  discovered,  he  Avould  put  them 
to  death,  and  moreoA'er  take  from  them  all  that  they  had.     And 


^-^^  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  they  when  they  heard  this,  partly  in  the  fear  of  the  Cid,  and 
vJiL  partly  that  they  might  find  favour  with  him,  brought  each  of 
tliem  great  riches,  saying.  Sir,  Abeniaf  gave  us  this  m  keeping, 
that  if  it  mio-ht  be  saved,  he  misrht  share  it  with  us.     And  he 
gave  order  to  search  and  dig  in  the  houses  of  Abeniaf,  and  they 
found  o^reat  treasure  there  in  gold  and  in  silver,  and  in  peai'ls, 
and  in  precious  stones,  all  which  a  servant  discovered  unto  thenu 
And  when  the  Cid  saw  it  all  before  him  it  pleased  him  much,, 
and  he  called  for  the  Moors  before  whom  Abeniaf  had  taken 
the  oath,  and  he  took  his  seat  upon  the  estrado  full  nobly,  and 
there  in  the  presence  of  Christians  and  Moors  he  ordered  Abeniaf 
and  all  the  other  prisoners  to  be  brought  forth.     And  he  bade 
that  Alfaqui  Avhom  he  had  made  Cadi,  and  the  other  good  men, 
judoe  by  what  death  lie  Avho  had  slain  his  Lord  deserved  to  die, 
according  to  their  law,  and  who  moreover  was  perjured,  for  he 
had  sworn  that  he  possessed  nothing  more  than  what  he  had 
set  down  in  writing :  and  the  Cadi  and  the  other  Moors  said 
that  according  to  their  law,  he  and  his  accomplices  should  be 
stoned :  Tins,  they  said,  we  find  in  our  law,  but  you  will  do  as 
you  think  good.     Nevertheless  we  ask  mercy  of  you  for  his  son, 
who  is  but  a  child  ;  may  it  please  you  to  set  him  free,  for  he 
hath  no  tault  in  what  his  father  hath  done.     And  the  Cid  an- 
swered, that  for  the  love  of  them  he  pardoned  the  child,  but 
that  he  should   depart  from  the  city,  for  he  v/ould  not  have  the 
son  of  a  traitor  dwell  therein.     And  he  commanded  them  that 
the}^  should  stone  Abeniaf  and  all  tliem  who  had  taken  counsel 
witli  him  for  the  death  of  the  King,  according  as  they  had  given 
sentence.     Then  the  honourable  Moors  rose  and  kissed  his  feet 
and  his  hands  for  the  mercy  which  he  had  shown  to  the  son  of 
Abeniaf;  and  they  took  out  Abeniaf  to  stone  lum,  and  other 
twenty  and  two  with  him.     And  the  Cid  bade  them  come  again 
wp.'tio.' '  to  him  on  the  morrow,  and  he  would  appoint  what  should  be  the 
f%i  '    manner  of  his  dwelling  among  them. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  2J5 

IX.    That  night  the  Cid  spake  Avith  Alvar  Fanez  and  with  BOOK 
Pero  Bermudez,  and  all  them  Avho  were  of  his  council,  and  they  x»^vO 
resolved   in  what  manner  they  would  iive  among  the  Moors,  ^tl'lkf' 
And  on  the  moiTow  the  honourable  ]\foors  of  Valencia  assembled  unt^X* 
together  in  the  Alcazar  as  they  had  been  commanded  to  do,  and  ungvlem' 
the  Cid  took  his  seat  upon  the  tstrado,  and  all  the  honourable  have  the  dty 

^  to  himself. 

men  round  about  him,  and  he  spake  unto  them  after  this  man- 
ner :  Good  men  of  the  Aljama  of  Valencia,  ye  know  how  I 
served  and  defended  King  Yahia  your  Lord,  and  ye  also,  until 
his  death.  And  I  had  great  sorrow  for  him,  and  strove  to  re- 
venge him,  as  ye  know,  and  endured  great  hardships  in  winning 
Valencia.  And  since  Cod  hath  thouoht^it  good  that  I  should 
be  Lord  thereof,  I  will  have  it  for  myself,  and  for  those  who 
have  holpen  me  to  win  it,  saving  the  sovereignty  of  King  Don 
Alfonso  of  Castille,  my  Lord,  whom  God  preserve  for  his  service 
long  and  happy  years.  Ye  are  all  now  in  my  power,  to  do  with 
ye  whatever  I  will,  both  with  your  persons  and  your  riches,  and 
your  wives  and  your  children  ;  but  I  will  not  do  thus.  And  I 
hold  it  good  that  the  honourable  men  among  ye  who  have  alway 
been  loyal,  remain  in  the  city  in  their  dwellings  and  with  all 
their  family  ;  and  that  none  among  ye  keep  more  than  one  beast, 
which  shall  be  a  mule,  and  that  ye  do  not  use  arms,  neither  have 
them  in  your  possession,  except  when  it  is  needful  and  I  shall 
give  command.  And  all  the  rest  of  the  people  shall  go  out  of 
the  town  and  dwell  in  the  suburb  of  Alcudia,  where  I  Avas  Avont 
to  be.  Ye  shall  have  tAvo  IVlosques,  one  in  the  city  and  one  in 
the  suburb ;  and  yc  shall  liaA^e  your  Alfaquis  and  foUoAv  your 
own  laAV ;  and  3'e  shall  have  your  Cadis,  and  your  Guazil,  as  I 
have  appointed ;  and  ye  shall  have  your  inheritances,  and  pay 
me  the  tenth  of  the  fruits  thereof  as  your  service;  and  the  power 
of  justice  shall  be  mine,  and  I  Avill  order  such  money  to  be 
coined  as  I  shall  think  good.     Do  ye  therefore  Avho  are  minded 


q\Q  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  to  abide  with  me  in  the  land,  abide:  and  let  those  who  are  not, 
v>-v-C   go,  in  God's  name,   and  good  luck  Avith  them,  but  they  shall 
take  only  their  own  persons,  and  I  will  give  command  to  see 
them  escorted  in  safety.  When  the  Moors  of  Valencia  heard  this 
they  were  full  sorrowful ;   howbeit  it  was  now  a  time  when  they 
could  do  no  otherwise  than  as  he  commanded.     And  inconti- 
nently they  began  to  go  out  of  the  city  with  their  wives  and 
children,  all  except  those  Avhom  the  Cid  had  commanded  to 
abide  there ;  and   as  the  ]\Ioors  Avent   out  the   Christians  who 
dwelt  in  Alcudia  entered  in.    And  the  history  saith,  tliat  so  great 
Avas  the   multitude  which  departed,  that  they  Avere  tAvo  Avhole 
days  in  going  out.     Great  was  the  joy  of  the  Cid  and  his  people 
wp.'an.' "  that  da}',  and  from  thenceforAvard  he  Avas  called  My  Cid  the 
/•  374.       Campeador,  Lord  of  Valencia. 

HoKthtKing  X.  Now  Avas  it  bruited  abroad  throughout  all  lands,  hoAv  the 
"camTlgainsi  Cid  Kuydicz  had  aa^ou  the  noble  city  of  Valencia.  And  Avhen 
anduas'de-  Air Abcuaxa  tlie  Adelantado  of  the  Almoravides  kncAv  it,  he 

feated- 

sent  his  son-in-hiAv  the  King  of  Seville  to  besiege  liim  in  Va- 
lencia, and  gave  him  thirty  thousand  men  at  arms.  And  this 
King  came  in  great  haste  to  ^^alencia,  and  besieged  the  Cid 
therein.  And  the  Cid  made  ready  Avith  all  his  people,  and  Avent 
out  to  fight  him.  And  the  battle  was  nigh  unto  Valencia,  be- 
side the  garden  Avhich  is  called  the  Garden  of  Villa  Nueva ;  and 
it  Avas  a  good  battle,  and  at  length  he  of  the  good  fortune  con- 
quered ;  and  the  pursuit  continued  as  far  as  Xativa ;  even  so  far 
did.  the  Christians  pursue  them,  smiting  and  slaying.  And  at 
the  passage  of  the  Xucar  there  might  you  lia\  e  seen  confusion, 
and  there  the  Moors  without  liking  it  drank  plenty  of  water. 
They  say  that  fifteen  thousand  ]Moors  died  in  the  river;  and  the 
King  of  SeA'iUe  tied  Avith  three  great  bloAvs.  'J  his  day  did  Martin 
Pelaez  the  Asturian  approA  e  himself  a  right  good  one  :  there  Avas 
no  knight  so  good  that  day  in  arms  as  he.  nor  Avho  bore  aAvav 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  21? 

such  honour.     And  when  the  pursuit  was  ended  the  Cid  re- BOOK 
turned  to  the  field  of  battle,  and  ordered  the  spoils  of  the  field   >^^^ 
and  of  the  tents  to  be  collected.     Be  it  knoAvn  that  this  was  a 
profitable  day's   work.      Every  foot  soldier  shared  a  hvindred 
marks  of  silver  that  day.     And  the  Cid  returned  full  honourably 
to  Valencia.     Great  Avas  the  joy  of  the  Christians  in  the  Cid 
Ruydiez,  he  Avho  was  born  in   a  good  hour.     His  beard  was 
grown,  and  continued  to  grow  a  great  length.     My  Cid  said  of  chr.deiad. 
his  chin.  For  the  love  of  Kino-  Don  Alfonso,  who  hath  banished  chr.Gen. 

»  .       /.  274. 

me  from  his  land,  no  scissars  shall  come  upon  it,  nor  shall  a  hair  ^"j"""  <'«' 

'  1  '  Cirf.l.  1230. 

be  cut  away,  and  Moors  and  Christians  shall  talk  of  it.  ^'"'• 

XI.  That  night  the  Cid  took  counsel  M'ith  Alvar  Fafiez,  who  m^  the  ad 

.111  numbered 

departed  not  from  his  side,  and  with  the  other  honourable  men  hkpeopu. 
who  were  of  his  council,  concerning  what  shotdd  be  done  :  for 
noAv  that  his  people  were  all  rich,  he  feared  least  they  should 
return  into  their  own  country,  for  my  Cid  saw  that  if  they  mioht 
go  they  would.     And  Minaya  advised  him  that  he  should  cause 
proclamation  to  be  made  through  the  city,  that  no  man  should 
depart  Avithout  permission  of  the  Cid,  and  if  any  one  went  who 
had  not  dispeeded  himself  and  kist  his  hand,  if  he  were  over- 
taken he  should  lose  all  that  he  had,  and  moreover  be  fixed  upon 
a  stake.    And  that  they  might  be  the  more  certain,  he  said  unto 
Minaya  that  he  Avould  take  account  of  all  the  people  who  Avere 
Avith  him,  both  horsemen  and   foot,  and  Pero  Bermudez  and 
Martin  Antolinez  made  the  roll ;  and  there  Avere  found  a  thou- 
sand knights  of  lineage,  and  five  hundred  and  fifty  other  horse- 
men, and  of  foot  soldiers  four  thousand,  besides  boys  and  others  ; 
thus  many  Avere  the  people  of  my  Cid,  he  of  Bivar.     And  his  ckr.deiod. 
heart  rejoiced,   and   he   smiled   and   said,  Thanks  be  to   God,  cTr.Ge«. 
Minaya,  and  to  Holy  Mary  Mother ! ...  Ave  had  a  smaller  com-  ^poema'dei 
pany  Avhen  Ave  left  the  house  of  Bivar !  lare'!'^^  ' 

XII.  At  this  time  there  came  a  croAvned  one  from  the  parts 

2  F 


218 


CHRONICLE    OF    THE  CID, 


BOOK  of  the  East,  that  is  to  say,  one  who  was  shaven  and  shorn;  his 

.^„^^   name  was  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  a  full  learned  man  and 

"ZeTm.  a  wise,  and  one  M'ho  was  mighty  both  on  horsebaek  and  a-foot  : 

t',c'a/2d   and  he  came  enc[uiring  for  the  Cid,  wishing  that  he  might  see 

'thec'iij'a  ^  himself  with  the  Moors  in  the  field,  for  if  he  could  once  have  his 

f»rhi'm"'     fill  of  smiting  and  slaying  them,  Christians  should  never  lament 

him.     And  when  the  Cid  knew  this  it  pleased  him  in  his  heart, 

and  he  toi^k  horse  and  went  to  visit  him,  and  rejoiced  greatly 

that  he  was  come  ;  and  he  resolved  to  make  ^''alencia  a  bishopric 

and  give  it  to  this  good  Christian.    And  they  took  counsel,  and  it 

was  that  on  the  morrow  the  Bisliop  and  his  clergy  should  turn  the 

ISIosques  into  Churches,  Avhercin  they  might  sing  masses,  and 

sacrifice  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ.     And  rents  were  appointed 

for  the  table  of  the  Bishop  and  for  his  Canons,  and  for  all  the 

clergy  in  the  city  of  Valencia.     And  nine  parish  Churches  were 

made.     And  the  greatest  was  called  St.  Pedro's,  and  another 

was  called  St.  Mary  of  the  Virtues.     This  was  near  the  Alcazar, 

and  there   the  Cid   went  oftenest  to  hear  service.      After  this 

chr.deicid.  manner  the  Cid  ordered  his  city  that  it  should  be  a  Bishopric, 

chr.  Gen.    fov  thc  liouour  of  the  Catholic  faith.     God  !  how  joyful  was  all 

Poemadei    Christcudom  that  there  was  a  Lord  Bishop  in  the  land  of  Va- 

Cirf.  I).  1 295.   ,  .       , 

1314.        lencia ! 

HowtheCid  XIII.  Now  the  Cid  bethought  him  of  Dona  Xiniena  his  wife, 
w^eZd"  and  of  his  daughters  Doiia  Elvira  and  Dona  Sol,  whom  he  had 
left  in  the  Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardeiia ;  and  he  called 
for  Alvar  Faiiez  and  IVIartin  Antolinez  of  Burgos,  and  spake 
with  them,  and  besought  them  that  they  would  go  to  Castillo,  to 
King  Don  Alfonso  his  Lord,  and  take  him  a  present  from  the 
riches  which  God  had  given  tliem ;  and  the  present  should  be  a 
hundred  horses,  saddled  and  bridled ;  and  that  they  would  kiss 
the  King's  hand  for  him,  and  beseech  him  to  send  him  his  Avife 
Dona  Ximena,  and  his  daughters,  and  that  they  would  tell  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gjC^ 

King  all  the  mercy  Avhicli  God  had  shown  him,  and  how  he  was  BOOK 
at  his  senice  with  Valencia  and  with  all  that  he  had.     IMorcover  vj^ 
he  bade  them  take  a  thousand  marks  of  silver  to  the  ^Monastery 
of  St.   Pedro  de   Cardena,  and  give   them   to  the  Abbot,  and 
thirty  marks  of  gold  for  his  wife  and  daughters,  that  they  might 
prepare  themselves  and   come    in    honourable  guise.     And  he 
ordered  three  hundred  marks  of  gold  to  be  given  them,  and  three 
hundred  marks  of  silver,  to  redeem  the  chests  full  of  sand  \vhich 
he  had  pledged  in  Burgos  to  the  Jews ;  and  he  bade  them  ask 
Rachel  and  ^'id^.s  to   forgive  him  the  deceit  of  the  sand,   for 
he  had  done  it  because  of  his  great  need  :  and  he  said,  You, 
Martin  Antolinez,  were  aiding  and  abetting  heiein,  but  praised 
be  the  name  of  the  Lord  for  ever,  he  hath  let  me  quit  myself 
truly;    tell    them    that   they   shall  have   more   profit  than  they 
asked.     And  he  bade  them  each  take  Avith  him  his  whole  com- 
pany, that  they  might  be  better  advised  and  accompanied,  and 
that  Dona  Ximena  mio;ht  come  with  the  greater  honour  :   and 
the  company  was  this:  two  hundred  knights  who  were  of  Don  chr.ddaj. 
Alvar  Fanez,  and  fifty   of  Martin  Antolinez:  and   he  ordered  cZ.^L 
money  to  be  given  them  for  their  disbursement,  and   for  all  ^PoZl'dei 
things  needful,  in  abundance.  ijq*! 

XIV.  Alvar  Fanez  and  INIartin  Antolinez  Avent  their  Avay,  and  how  <*«« 
they  found  the  King  in  the  city  of  Palencia.     AVhen  they  arriA-ed  TZT IL 
lie  Avas  coming  from  mass,  and  seeing  this  goodly  company  of  horse-  ojl^^e'reat 
men  he  stopt  in  the  church  porch,  and  asked  who  they  were.  """Hw"'' 
And  it  was  told  him  that  they  Avere  people  of  the  Cid,  Avho  came 
to  him  Avith  a  full  great  present.     And  Alvar  Fanez  and  Martin 
Antolinez  alighted,  and  came  to  the  King,  and  kissed  his  hand  ; 
and  he  received  them  right  Avell,  and  said,  What  tidings  bring 
ye  me  of  the  Cid,  my  true  vassal,  the  most  honourable  knight 
that  ever  Avas  knighted  in  Castille.?  Well  was  Minaya  pleased 
when  he  heard  this,  and  be  said,  A  boon,  Sir  King  Don  Al- 


220  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOKfonso,  for  the  love  of  your  Maker!  My  Cid  sendeth  to  kiss 
^..^.,^  your  hands  and  your  feet,  as  his  natural  I/ord,  at  whose  serx'ice 
he  is,  and  from  whom  he  expecteth  much  bcjunty  and  good. 
You  banished  him  from  the  land;  but  thou^^hiiu another's  coun- 
try,  he  hath  only  done  you  service.  Jive  pitched  battles  liath 
he  won  since  that  time,  some  Avith  IMoors  and  some  with  bad 
Christians  ;  and  he  hath  taken  Xerica,  and  Ondra,  and  Almenar, 
and  Monviedro  which  is  a  bigger  place,  and  Cebola  also,  and 
Castrejon,  and  Pena  Cadiella  which  is  a  strong  eminence,  and 
with  all  the  right  noble  city  of  ^'^alencia,  for  the  honour  of  the 
faith  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  of  you  our  Lord  and  King ;  and  lie 
hath  made  it  a  J3ishopric,  and  made  the  honourable  Don  Hier- 
onymo  Bishop  thereof  with  his  own  hand  And  behold  here  are  a 
hundred  horses  of  the  spoils  which  he  hath  won ;  they  are  great  and 
swift,  and  all  are  bridled  and  saddled,  and  he  kisseth  your  hand 
andbeseecheth  you  as  his  natural  Lord  to  receive  them.  When  the 
King  heard  this  he  was  greatly  astonished,  and  he  lifted  up  his 
right  hand  and  blest  himself,  and  said.  As  St.  Isidro  shall  keep 
me,  I  rejoice  in  the  good  fortune  of  the  Cid,  and  receive  his  gift 
full  willingi3\  But  though  this  pleased  the  King  it  did  not 
please  Garci  Ordonez,  and  he  said,  It  scemeth  there  is  not  a 
man  left  in  the  land  of  the  Moors,  that  the  Cid  can  thus  do  his 
pleasure  !  And  the  King  said  unto  him.  Hold  thy  peace,  for  in 
all  things  he  serves  me  better  than  thou.  Then  Alvar  Fanez 
kissed  the  King's  hand  again,  and  said.  Sir,  the  Cid  beseecheth 
you  of  your  bounty  that  he  may  have  his  wife  Dona  Ximena 
and  his  two  daughters,  that  they  may  go  to  Valencia  unto  him, 
from  tlic  Monastery  Avhere  he  left  them,  for  it  is  many  days 
since  he  saw  them,  and  if  it  please  you  this  would  rejoice  him. 
And  the  King  made  answer.  It  pleases  me  well,  and  I  will  give 
them  a  guard  thoughout  my  dominions,  that  they  may  be  con- 
ducted honourably  to  the  border :  when  they  have  past  it,  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  221 

Campeador  himself  ^viil  look  to  them.     And  he  said,  Hear  me!  BOOK 

'       '  •  V I ' 

all  those  whom  I  have  disseized  of  their  inheritances  for  following  .^...^ 

the   Campeador,  I  restore  again  to  the  possession  thereof,  and 
all  those  Avho  desire  to  serve  him  I  freely  licence :  let  them  go  in 
the  grace  of  God.     Moreover  the  King  said,  I  grant  liim  Va- 
lencia and  all  that  he  hath  won  and  shall  win  hereafter,  that  lie 
be  called  Lord  thereof,  and  that  he  hold  it  of  no  other  Lordship 
save  of  me,  who  am  his  liege  Lord.     Alvav  Faiiez  and  Martin 
Antolinez  kissed  his  hand  for  this  in  the  Cid's  name.     And  the 
King  called  a   porter,   who  should   go   with   them,    bearing   a 
writing   from  the  King,  that  all  things  needful  should  be  given  chr.deiad. 
unto  them  so  Ions;  as  they  were  in  his  lands.    Then  Alvar  Fanez  chr.ce,',. 
and  Martin  Antolinez  dispeeded  themselves  of  the  King,  and  Poemadd 
took  their  wa}'  towards  Burgos.  ^379. 

XV.     When  they  reached  Burgos  they  sent  for  Rachel  and  Houthey 
for  Vidas,  and  demanded  from  them  the  chests,  and  paid  unto  g"'",andhov, 
them  the  three  hundred  marks  ot  gold  and  the  three  hundred  a„dher 

daughtCTS 

of  silver  as  the  Cid  had  commanded,  and  they  besought  them  kft  the  mo. 

■^  nastfri)  to 

to  forgive  the  Cid  the  deceit  of  the  chests,  for  it  was  done  be-  «"  ""''• ,, 

O  thtm  to  Fii- 

cause  of  his  great  necessity  *.      And  they  said  they  heartily  for-  '«"'^"' 
gave    him,  and    held  themselves  well  paid  ;  and   they   prayed 


<  I  am  afraid  it  is  not  quite  so  certain  that  the  Cid  redeemed  these  chests, 
as  that  he  pledged  tliem.  The  Poem,  which  gives  the  minutest  account  of  the 
pledging,  says  nothing  of  the  repayment.  On  the  contrary,  when  Alvar  Fanez 
and  the  ladies  are  about  to  set  off  for  Valencia,  it  says,  "  Behold  Rachel  and 
Vidas  fell  at  his  feet ...  mercy,  Minaya,  good  knight,  the  Cid  has  undone  us,  if  he 
do  not  help  us.  We  will  give  up  the  interest  if  he  will  pay  us  the  capital."  "  I 
will  see  about  it  with  the  Cid  if  God  shall  let  me  reach  him;  you  will  find  good 
help  from  him  for  what  you  have  done."  Rachel  and  Vidas  said,  "  God  grant  it : 
if  not  we  will  leave  Burgos  and  go  seek  him."     1431).  1446. 


222  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  God  to  grant  him  Ions;  life  and  Q-ood  health,  and  to  s;ive  him 
'^^^.^  power  to  advance  Christendom,  and  put  down  Pagandom. 
And  Avhen  it  was  known  througli  the  city  of  Burgos  the  good- 
ness and  the  gentleness  which  the  Cid  had  shown  to  these 
merchants  in  redeeming  from  them  the  chests  full  of  sand  and 
earth  and  stones,  the  people  hckl  it  for  a  great  Avondcr,  and 
there  was  not  a  place  in  all  Burgos  where  they  did  not  talk  of 
the  gentleness  and  loyalty  of  the  Cid  ;  and  they  besought  bless- 
ings upon  him,  and  prayed  that  he  and  his  people  might  be 
advanced  in  honour.  When  they  had  done  this,  they  went  to 
tlie  ]\Ionastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena,  and  the  porter  of 
the  King  went  with  them,  and  gave  order  every  where  that 
every  thing  which  they  wanted  should  be  given  them.  If  they 
were  well  received,  and  if  there  was  great  joy  in  St.  Pedro  de 
Cardena  over  them,  it  is  not  a  thing  to  ask,  for  DoHa  Ximena 
and  her  daughters  were  like  people  beside  themselves  with 
the  great  joy  which  they  had,  and  they  came  running  out 
on  foot  to  meet  them,  weeping  plenteously  for  great  joy. 
And  Alvar  Fanez  and  Martin  Antolinez,  when  they  saw  them 
coming,  leapt  off  their  horses,  and  went  to  them,  and  Minaya 
embraced  Dona  Ximena  and  both  his  cousins.  Dona  Elvira  and 
Doiia  Sol,  and  so  great  was  the  rejoicing  which  they  made 
together  that  no  man  can  tell  it  you.  And  when  this  great  joy 
was  somewhat  abated,  Dona  Ximena  asked  how  the  Cid 
fared,  for  since  he  had  parted  from  her  she  had  heard  no  news 
of  him.  And  Alvar  Fanez  said  he  had  left  him  safe  and  sound 
in  Valencia  ;  and  he  bade  her  and  her  dauohters  thank  God  for 
the  great  favour  that  he  had  shown  him,  for  he  had  won  sundry 
castles  fiom  the  Moors,  and  the  noble  city  of  Valencia,  whither 
he  was  now  come  to  carry  her  and  her  daughters,  for  the  Cid 
had  sent  for  them,  and  when  he  should  see  them  his  heait's 
desire    would    be    accomplished.      When    Doiia    Xmiena   and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gC)^ 

her  daughters  heard   this,   they  set  their  knees  to  the  ground,  BOOK 
and   hfted   up    their  hands   and   thanked   God   for  the   favour     ^^^• 
he  had  shown  to  the  Cid,   and  to  them  with  him,   in  givino;  him 
the  Lordship  of  Valencia.      While  they  were  preparing  for  the 
journey,  Alvar  Fanez  sent  three  knights  to  the  Cid  to  tell  him 
how   they  had  sped   with   the   King,   and   of  the  great  favour 
which  they  had  found  at  his  hands,  and  how  he  only  tarried  now 
to  equip  Doiia  Ximena,  that  she  niight   come  full  honourably. 
Tliat   good  one  Minaya   then   began  to  deck  them  out  for  the 
journey  with  the  best  trappings  which  could  be  found  in  Burgos  : 
right  noble  garments  did  he  provide  for  them,  and  a  great  com- 
pany of  damsels,    and   good  palfreys,  and  great  mules,   Avhich 
were  not  bad  ones.    And  he  gave  the  Abbot  the  thousand  marks 
of  silver   which    the    Cid    had    sent  for   the   Monastery,    with 
which  to  discharge   all   the  debt  that    Doiia    Ximena  and  his 
daughters  had  contracted.     Great  was  the  stir  throughout  all 
that  land  of  the  honour  of  the  Cid,   and   of  the  licence  which 
the  King  gave  to  as  many  as  should  chuse  to  join  him  ;   and 
for  this  reason  full  sixty  knights  came  to  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena, 
and  a  great  number  of  squires  on  foot.     Don  Alvar  Fanez  was 
well  pleased  to  see  them,  and  he  promised  them  that  he  would 
obtain  the  Cid's  grace  for  them,  and  Avould  befriend  them  all 
he  could.     Great  dole  did  the  Abbot  make  when  they  departed; 
and  he  said.  As  God  shall  help  you,  Minaya,  kiss  the  hand  of 
the    Campeador   for   me.      This    Monastery  will    never    forget 
him,  to  pray  for  him  ever}^  day  in    the  year.     The  Cid   will 
ahray  prosper  more  and  more.    Minaya  promised  to  do   this, 
and  dispeeded  himself,   and  they  went  their  way.     Five  days 
they  travelled,  and  tiien  the}^  came  to  Medina  Cell ;   and  alway  cup^tle^ 
the   porter  of  the    King   was  with   them,    and  made   all  that  /.  are/"' 
they  wanted  be  given  unto  them,  even  as  the  King  had  com-  c,d.M4oo. 
inanded. 


her  daugh- 
ters camt 

riilencUi. 


224  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK       XVI.     Now  the  three  knio-hts  Avhom  Alvar  Fanez  had  sent, 

VH  •  •      ^ 

.^..^^    came  to  the    Cid   and  dehvered  their  message.    When  my  Cid 

xZena'and  heard  it  his  heart  rejoiced  and  he  was  glad,  and  he  spake  with 
tcrscTme'to  his  mouth  and  said,  He  Avho  sends  g<5od  messengers  looks  for 
good  tidings.  Blessed  be  the  name  of  God,  since  King  Don  Al- 
fonso rejoices  in  my  good  fortune.  And  he  called  for  Muno 
Gustios,  and  Pero  Bermudez,  and  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo, 
and  bade  them  take  a  hundred  knights  least  there  should  be 
need  to  fight,  and  go  to  INIolina,  to  Abcncaiio,  who  was  his 
friend  and  vassal,  and  bid  him  take  another  hundred  knights, 
and  go  with  them  to  Medina  Celi  as  fast  as  they  could  go. 
There,  said  he,  ye  will  find  Alvar  Fanez  and  my  wife  and 
daughters ;  bring  them  to  me  with  great  honour :  I  will  remain 
here  in  Valencia  which  has  cost  me  so  much;  great  folly 
would  it  be  if  I  were  to  leave  it :  I  Avill  remain  in  it,  for  I 
hold  it  for  my  heritage.  And  they  did  as  he  commanded 
them.  And  Avhen  they  came  to  Molina,  Abencano  received 
them  right  well,  and  did  them  great  honour ;  and  though 
the  Cid  had  bidden  him  take  only  one  hundred  horse,  he  took 
two.  On  the  morrow  they  went  to  horse :  they  crossed  the 
movmtains  which  are  great  and  wild,  and  they  passed  Mata  de 
'J'oranz  Avithout  fear,  and  they  thought  to  come  through  the 
valley  of  Arbuxedo.  There  was  good  look  out  kept  in  Medina, 
and  Alvar  Fanez  sent  two  knights  to  knoAV  who  they  were. 
They  made  no  tarriance  in  doing  this,  for  they  had  it  at 
heart ;  one  tarried  with  them,  and  the  other  returned,  and  said 
it  was  the  host  of  the  Campeador  with  Pero  Bermudez,  and 
Muno  Gustios,  and  the  Bishop  Hieronymo,  and  the  Alcayaz 
Abencano.  This  instant,  said  Minaya,  let  us  to  horse ;  incon- 
tinently this  was  done,  for  they  would  make  no  delay.  And  they 
rode  upon  goodly  iiorses  with  bells  at  their  poitrals  and  trap- 
pings of  sandall   silk,   and    they  had  their  shields  round   their 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR,  ^^i^ 

flecks,    and   lances  with  streamers  in   their   hands.     Oh,    how  BOOK 
Alvar  Fanez  Avent  out  from  Castille  with  these  ladies !    They    s^^^v-^ 
who    pricked   forward,   couched    their   spears  and  then  raised 
them,  and  great  joy  was  there  by  Salon  where  they  met.    The 
others  humbled  themselves  to  Mina^'a :    wlien  Abencano  came 
up  he   kissed   him  on  tlie   shoulder,  for  such  was   his  custom. 
In  a  good   day,   IMinaya,  said  he,  do  you  bring  these  ladies, 
the  Avife  and  daughters  of  the  Cid,  whom  we  all  honour.    What- 
ever ill  wc  may  wish  him  we  can  do  him  none ;  . .  in  peace  or 
in  war  he  will  have  our  wealth,  and  he  must  be  a  fool  Avho 
does  not  acknowledge  this  trutii.     Alvar  Faiiez  smiled  and  told 
him   he    should    lose    nothing    by  this   service    which    he   had 
done  the  Cid  ;  and  now,  said  he,  let  us  go  rest,  for  the  supper  is 
ready.     Abencano  said  he  was  Avell  pleased  to  partake  it,  and 
that  within  three  days  he  would  return  him  the  entertainment 
two-fold.      Then    they   entered    Medina,    and    Minaya   served 
them  ;  all  were  full  glad  of  the  service  which  they  had  under- 
taken, and  the   King's  porter  paid  for  all.     The  night  is  gone, 
morning   is  come,   mass   is  said,  and  they  go  to  horse.     They 
left  Medina  and  past  the  river  Salon,  and  pricked  up  Arbux- 
uelo,  and  they  crost  the  plain  of  Torancio.      That  good  Chris- 
tian the  Bishop  Don   Hieronymo,  night  and  day  he  guarded 
the  ladies  ;  on  a  goodly  horse  he  rode,  and  they  went  between 
him  and  Alvar  Fanez.     They  came   to  Molina  and  there  were 
lodged   in  a   good    and   rich   house,   and  Abencano    the  Moor 
waited  on  them.      Nothing  did   they  want  which  they  could 
wish  to  have;  he  even  had  all  their  beasts  new  shod,  and   for 
Minaya  and   t^ie  ladies,    Lord !    how  he  honoured  them !    On 
the  morrow  they  left  Molina,   and  the  Moor  went  witii  them. 
When   they   were   within    three   leagues   of  ^^alencia,   news  of 
their   coming   was   brought  to    the    Cid.     Glad   was    the    Cid, 
never   was    he   more   joyful,  never  had  he  such  joy,  for  tid- 

2   G 


226  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  inss  were  come  to  him  of  what  he  loved  best.     Two  hundred 
s^v>l^   knights  did  he  order  out  to  meet  them,  others  he  bade  to  keep 
the  Alcazar,  and  the  other  high   towers,  and  all  the  gates  and 
entrances.      And  he  commanded  that  they   should  bring  him 
Bavieca  K    It  was  but  a  short  time  since  he  had  Mon  this  liorse  ; 
my  Cid,  he  who  girt  on  sword  in  a  happy  hour,  did  not  yet 
know   if  he  was  a  good  goer,  and  if  he  stopt  well.     The  Bi- 
shop Don  Hieronymo,  he  pricked  forward  and  entered  the  city. 
He  left  his  horse  and  went  to  the  Church,  and  collected  all 
the  clergy ;  they   put   on   their  surplices,   and   with  crosses  of 
silver  went  out  to  meet  the  ladies,  and  that  good  one  Minaya. 
He   who   was   born  in   happy  hour  made  no   tarriance ;    they 
saddled  him  Bavieca  and  threw  his  trappings  on.    My  Cid  wore 


*   This  is  the  first  mention  of  this  famous  horse  in  the  Poem  :  an  old  his- 
tory to  which  Berganza  often  refers  as  beginning  with  King  Fruela,  says,  Ba- 
vieca was  won   in  the  battle  with   the  King  of  Seville,  which  may   well   agree 
with  the  Poem.      The    Chronica  del  Cid  absurdly  makes  it  the  first  horse  that 
ever  Rodrigo  rode  to  battle.     When  he  was  growing  towards  years  of  strength, 
he  asked  his  godfather  to  give  him  a  foal  from  one  of  his  mares:  and  the  Priest, 
who  had  many  mares,  with  many  good  foals,  bade  him  chuse  for  himself,  and 
take  the  best.    When  it  was   time  to  chuse,  he    went   into  the  yard,  and  let 
many  good  mares  go  out  with  good   foals,   till  last  of  all   there  went  out  one 
with  a  foal  which  was  a  full  ugly  one,  and  a  scurvy,  and  he  said  to  his  God- 
father, I  will  have  this.     The  Godfather  thereat  was  angered  and  said  angrily, 
Bavieca,  which   signifyeth  booby,  thou  hast  chosen  ill !  Rodrigo  answered.  He 
will  be  a  good  horse,  and  Bavieca  shall  be   his   name;  and  the  horse  proved 
afterwards  a  good  one  and  right  fortunate,  and  upon  this  horse  did  my  Cid 
conquer  in  many  a  pitched  battle.     Chronica  del  Cid.  Cap.  2. 

Bavieca  is  an  old  and  obsolete   word  of  contempt ;  lubber  would  perhaps 

represent  it.  . 

Bien  me  ten  par  babieca  siyo  te  lo  comciento. 

D.  Gonzalo  de  Berceo.  p.  128. 
According  to  tradition,  he  was  foaled  in  the  vale  of  Mondego. 

M.  Liisitana.  2.  7.  28. 


227 
ooi 

VII. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAIl. 

light  armour'',  and  his  surcoat  over  it:  long  was  his  beard.  BOOK 
He  went  out  upon  this  horse,  and  ran  a  career  with  him ;  Ba- 
vieca  was  the  name  of  the  horse,  and  a\  hen  he  was  running 
all  marvelled  at  him :  from  that  clay  Bavieca  was  famous  all 
over  Spain.  At  the  end  of  the  course  my  Cid  alighted  and 
went  toAvard  his  wife  and  his  daughters.  ^Vho  can  tell 
the  joy  that  was  made  at  their  meeting  ?  They  fell  at  his  feet, 
and  their  joy  was  such  that  they  could  not  speak.  And  he 
raised  them  up  and  embraced  them,  and  kissed  them  many 
times,  weeping  for  joy  that  he  saw  them  alive:  Hear  what  he 
said  who  was  born  in  happy  hour!  You  dear  and  honoured 
wife,  and  ye  my  daughters,  my  heart  and  my  soul ;  enter  with 
me  into  Valencia ; . .  this  is  the  inheritance  which  I  have  won 
for  you.  While  they  were  thus  rejoicing  the  Bishop  Don  Hier- 
onymo  came  with  the  procession.  Dona  Ximena  brought  good 
relicks  and  other  sacred  things,  Avhich  she  gave  to  ennoble  the 
new  Church  of  Valencia.  In  this  guise  they  entered  the  city. 
"Who  can  tell  the  rejoicings  that  were  made  that  day,  throwing 
at  the  board,  and  killing  bulls !  My  Cid  led  them  to  the  Al- 
cazar, and  took  them  up  upon  the  highest  tower  thereof, 
and  there  thev  looked  around  and  beheld  Valencia,  how  it  lav 


'    Annas  defuste  tomaba. 

Poema  del  Cid.  159-1. 

"  Fitste  is  any  frame  made  of  slight  wood  to  buikeout,  being  common!}' co- 
vered over  with  painted  cloths,  as  castles  for  a  shew,  and  such  like.  The  officers 
of  them  in  Valencia  are  called  Fusteros,  and  with  such  cudgels  which  sup- 
port such  frames  they  use  to  beat  galley  slaves,  and  thereof  comes  fustar,  fusti- 
gar,  and  kosfigar,  to  cudgel."     Minsheu. 

He  had  forgotten  the  latin  etymon.  I  have  rendered  the  passage  vaguely, 
least  by  aiming  at  accuracy  I  should  become  incorrect.  It  seems  to  have  been 
a  suit  of  mock  armour  for  shew ;  .  .  such  perhaps  as  Ghosts  walk  in,  upon  the 
itage.     Sancha  has  left  the  phrase  unexplained. 


J'oemadel 
Cid.  V.1461 
1626. 


^28  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

B  OO  K  })efore  them,   and   the  areat  Garden  with  its   thick  shade,  and 

^>rv>^    the  sea  on  the  other  side  ;  and  they  Hfted  up  their  hands  to  thank 

God.     Great  honour  did  the   Cid  do  to  Abencano  the   Lord 

of  Mohna,  for  all    the  service  which    he  had  done  to  Doria 

Xiniena.     'I'hen  said  Abencano,  This,  Sir,  I  was  bound  to  do, 

for  since  I  have  been  your  vassal  I  have  alway  been  respected, 

and  defended  from  all  my  enemies,  and  maintained  in  good 

estate ;  how  then  should  I  do  otherwise  than  serve  you  ?  If  I 

did  not,  I  should  lack  understanding.    And  the  Cid  thanked  him 

for  Avhat  he  had  done,  and  Avhat  he  had  said,  and  promised  also 

^ap'^r^'  to  show  favour  unto  him.     And  Abencano  took  his  leave  and 

/.276.'^"'     returned  to  Molina. 

How  tidings  X^^1I.  The  winter  is  past,  and  March  is  coming  in.  Three 
At^amamo-  montlis  DoSa  Ximena  had  been  in  Valencia,  when  tidings  came 
mi;  against    to  thc  Cid   froHi  bcyoud  sea,  that  King  Yucef,  the  son  of  the 

Ealencia.  i  i  i       •        TV  r 

Miramamolm,  who  dwelt  m  Morocco,  Avas  commg  to  lay  siege 
vmto  Valencia  with  fifty  thousand  men.  When  the  Cid  heard 
this  he  gave  command  to  store  all  his  Castles,  and  had  them 
well  repaired.  And  he  had  the  Avails  of  the  city  prepared, 
and  stored  it  avcII  Avith  food  and  Avith  all  thino-s  needful  for  war, 
and  gathered  together  a  great  poAver  of  Christians  and  of  the 
Moors  of  his  scignory.  Hardly  had  he  done  this  before  he 
heard  that  Yucef  Avas  near  at  hand,  and  coming  as  fast  as  he 
could  come.  'I'hcn  the  Cid  assembled  together  the  Christians 
in  the  ^Vlcazar,  and  Avhen  they  Avere  assembled,  he  rose  upon 
his  feet  and  said,  Friends  and  kinsmen  and  vassals,  praised  be 
God  and  holy  Mary  Mother,  all  the  good  Avhich  I  haA^e  in  the 
Avorld  I  have  here  in  Valencia  ;  Avith  hard  labour  I  wOn  the  city, 
and  hold  it  for  my  heritage,  and  for  nothing  less  than  death  Avill 
I  leave  it.  My  daughters  and  my  Avife  shall  see  me  fight,  . .  they 
shall  see  Avith  their  OAvn  eyes  our  manner  of  living  in  this  land, 
and  hoAv  we  get  our  bread.     We  will  go  out  against  the  Moors 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  Q29 

and  give  them  battle,  and  God  who  hath  thus  far  shown  favour  BOOK 
unto  us  Avill  still  continue  to  be  our  helper.  ^Vhen  they  heard  this   ..^^^ 
they  cried  out  with  one  accord  that  they  would  do  his  bidding,  ca/.'/is.'  " 
and  go  out  with  him  and  fight  under  his  banner,  for  certain  they  /.  o??/" 
were  that  by  his  good  fortune  the  Moors  Avould  be  overthrown,  cid.v.ie^: 
XVllI.    On  the  moiTow  the  Cid  took  Dona  Ximena  by  the  „    *    „._, 

•^  How)  the  lAa 

hand,  and  her  daughters  with  her,  and  made  them  go  up  upon  [","^''J'jf' 
the  highest  tower  of  the  Alcazar,  and  they  looked  toward  the  sea  ''"."f",!!';* 
and  saw  the  great  power  of  the  jMoors,  how  they  came  on  and  le^Swo 
drew  nigh,  and  began  to  pitch  their  tents  round  about  Valencia, 
beating  their  tambours  and  with  great  uproar.  And  Ximena's 
heart  failed  her,  and  she  asked  the  Cid  if  peradventure  God  would 
deliver  him  from  these  enemies.  Fear  not,  honoured  woman,  said 
he;  you  are  but  lately  amved,  and  they  come  to  bring  you  a  pre- 
sent, Avhich  shall  help  marry  your  daughters.  Fear  not,  for  you  shall 
see  me  fight  by  the  help  of  God  and  holy  ]Mary  iSlother ;  my  heart 
kindles  because  you  are  here!  The  more  Moors  the  more  gain?' 
The  tambours  sounded  now  Avith  a  great  alarum,  and  the  sun  was 
shining  . . .  Chear  up,  said  my  Cid  ; . .  this  is  a  glorious  day.  But 
Ximena  was  seized  Avith  such  fear  as  if  her  heart  would  have 
broken  ;  she  and  her  daughters  had  never  been  in  such  fear  since 
the  day  that  they  were  born.  Then  the  good  Cid  Campeador 
stroked  his  beard  and  said.  Fear  not,  all  this  is  for  your  good. 
Before  fifteen  days  are  over,  if  it  please  God^  those  tambours 
shall  be  laid  before  you,  and  shall  be  sounded  for  your  pleasure, 
and  then  they  shall  be  given  to  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo, 
that  he  may  hang  them  up  in  the  Church  of  St.  IMary,  Mother 
of  God.  This  vow  the  Gid  Campeador  made.  Now  the  Moors 
began  to  enter  the  gardens  Avhich  were  round  about  the  town, 
and   the  watchman  saw  them  and  struck  the  bell.     jNIy  Cid 


'  A  mas,Moros,  mas  ganancia.     Berganza.     The  words  past  into  a  proverb. 


230  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  looked  back  and  saw  Alvar  Salvadores  beside  him,  and  he  said, 
■x,^^^  Go  now,  take  two  hundred  horse,  and  sally  upon  yonder  Moors 
Avho  are  entering  the  gardens  :  let  Dona  Xiniena  and  her  daugh- 
ters see  the  good  will  you  have  to  serve  them.  Down  Avent 
Alvar  Salvadores  in  great  haste,  and  ordered  a  bell  to  be  rung 
which  was  a  signal  for  two  hundred  knights  to  make  ready  ;  for 
the  history  saith,  that  the  Cid,  by  reason  that  he  was  alway  in 
Tvar,  had  appointed  such  signals  for  his  people,  that  they  knew 
when  one  hundred  were  called  for,  and  when  two,  and  so  forth. 
Presently  they  Avere  ready  at  the  place  of  meetmg,  and  the  gate 
was  opened  which  was  nearest  the  gardens  Avherc  the  Moors 
had  entered,  Avithout  order;  and  they  fell  fiercely  upon  them, 
smiting  and  slaying.  Great  Avas  the  pleasure  of  the  Cid  at 
seeing  hoAv  Avell  they  behaved  themselves.  And  Dona  Ximena 
and  her  daughters  stood  trembling,  like  Avomen  aa'Iio  had  never 
seen  such  things  before  :  and  Avhen  the  Cid  saw  it  he  made  them 
seat  themselves,  so  as  no  longer  to  behold  it.  Great  liking  had 
the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  to  see  hoAV  bravely  they  fought. 
Alvar  Salvadores  and  his  companions  bestirred  themselves  so 
well  that  they  drove  the  enemy  to  their  tents,  makmg  great 
mortality  among  them,  and  then  the^'  turned  back,  Avhereat  ni}' 
Cid  Avas  Avell  pleased ;  but  Alvar  Sah^adores  Avent  on,  hacking 
and  hewing  all  before  him,  for  he  thouoht  the  ladies  Avere  look- 
ing  on,  and  he  prcst  forAvard  so  far,  that  being  Avithout  succour 
he  Avas  taken.  The  others  returned  to  the  city,  falling  back  in 
br^ve  order  till  they  Avere  out  of  reach  of  the  enemy :  and  they 
had  done  no  little  in  that  exploit,  for  they  sIcav  above  tAvo  hun- 
dred and  fifty  Moors.  SMien  my  Cid  saw  that  they  Avho  eat 
his  bread  Avere  returned,  he  Avent  down  from  the  toAver,  and 
chr.ddCid.  received  them  right  Avell,  and  praised  them  for  Avhat  they  had 
c;,r'  Gen.  ^^0^0  likc  good  kuiglits :  howbeit  he  Avas  full  sorroAvful  for  Alvar 
t'Jll',f.i    Salvadores  that  he  should  be  in  the  hands  of  the  Moors,  but 


Poema  del 

Cid. 

1632 


c,d.  16S2.    jjg  trusted  in  God  that  he  should  deliver  him  on  the  molTOAA^ 


RODRIGO    DTAZ    DE    BIVAn.  "  c)Oi 

XIX.  And  the  Cid  assembled  his  cliief  captains  and  knights  BOOK 
and   people,   and   said  unto  them,    Kiasmen  and  friends   and   ^J^Ji^ 
vassals,  hear  me :  to-day  has  been  a  good  day,  and  to-morrow  ^iHhiciZ^ 
shall  be  a  better.     Be  you  all  armed  and  ready  in  the  dark  of  ll'I'J!" 
the  morning ;  mass  shall  be  said,   and  tiie  Jiishop  Don  Hier-  ToufdZ. 
onymo  will  give  us  absolution,  and  then  we  will  to  horse,  and  ^w? 
out  and  smite  them  in   the  name  of  the   Creator  and  of  the 
Apostle  Santiago.    It  is  fitter  that  vre  should  live  than  that  they 
should  gather  in  the  fruits  of  this  land.     But  let  us  take  counsel 

in  Avhat  manner  we  may  go  forth,  so  as  to  receive  least  hurt, 
for  they  are  a  mighty  power,  and  we  can  only  defeat  them  by 
great  mastery  in  war.  When  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya  heard  this 
he  answered  and  said.  Praised  be  God  and  your  good  fortune, 
you  have  atchieved  greater  things  than  this,  and  I  trust  in  God's 
mercy  that  you  will  atchieve  this  also.  Give  me  three  hundred 
horse,  and  we  will  go  out  Avhen  the  first  cock  crows,  and  put 
ourselves  in  ambush  in  tlie  valley  of  Albuhera ;  and  when  you 
have  joined  battle  we  will  issue  out  and  fall  upon  them  on  the 
other  side,  and  on  one  side  or  the  other  God  will  help  us.  Well 
was  the  Cid"  pleased  with  this  counsel,  and  he  said  that  it  should 
be  so ;  and  he  bade  them  feed  their  horses  in  time  and  sup 
early,  and  as  soon  as  it  was  cock-crow  come  to  the  Church 
of  St.  Pedro,  and  hear  mass,  and  shrive  themselves,  and  com-  chr./uim, 
municate,  and  then  take  horse  in  the  name  of  the  Trinity,  cL'^cli 
that  the  soul  of  him  who  should  die  in  the  business  might  go  ^oe'^'d^i 
without  let  to  uod.  1700. 

XX.  Day  is  gone,  and  night  is  come.     At  cock-crow  they  ofth, great 
all  assembled   together  in  the  Church  of  St.  Pedro,    and   the  thuhthc 
Bishop  Don   Hieronymo   sung    mass,    and    they  were    shriven  kLsYuc^. 
and  assoyled,  and  howselled.     Great  was  the  absolution  which 

the  Bishop  gave  them  :   He  who  shall  die,  said  he,  fighting  face 
forward,  I  will   take  his   sins,    ^nd    God    shall  have   his   soui 


232  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 

BOOK  Then  said  he,    A  boon,  Cid    Don   Rodrigo ;  I  have  sung  mass 
v-^X^   to  you  this  morning  :  let  mc  have  the  giving  the  first  wounds 
in  this  battle !  and  the  Cid  granted  him  this  boon  in  tlie  name 
of  God.     Then   being  all  ready   they  went    out   througli    the 
gate   which  is  called  the  Gate  of  the  Snake,  for  the  greatest 
power  of  the  IMoors   was  on  that  side,  leaving  good  men  to 
guard  the  gates.     Alvar  l^'aiieij  and  his  company  were  already 
gone  forth,  and  had  laid   their  ambush.     Four  thousand,  lack- 
ing thirty,  Avere  they  who  went  out  with  my  Cid,  with  a  good 
will,  to  attack  fifty   thousand.     They  went  through  all  the  nar- 
row  places,   and   bad    passes,  and  leaving  the  ambush  on  the 
left,  struck  to  the  right  hand,  so  as  to  get  the  Moors  between 
them  and  the  town.      And  the  Cid  put  his  battles  in  good  array, 
and  bade  Pcro  Bermudez  bear  his  banner.     When  the  Moors 
saw  this  they  were  greatly  amazed ;  and  they  harnessed  them- 
selves in  great  haste,  and  came  out  of  their  tents.     Then  the 
Cid  bade  his  banner  move  on,  and  tUe  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo 
pricked  forward    with    his    company,    and    laid    on    with    such 
guise,  that  the  hosts  were  soon  mingled  together.     Then  might 
you   have  seen   many    a   horse    running   about   the  field    Avith 
the   saddle    under  his    belly,    and   many   a  horseman  in   evil 
plight   upon  the  ground.     Great  was  the  smiting  and  slaying 
in  short  time ;  but  by  reason  that  the   Moors   were   so  great 
a  number,  they  bore  hard  upon  the  Christians,  and  were  in  the 
hour  of  overcoming  them.     And  the  Cid  began  to  encourage 
them    with  a  loud    voice,   shouting    God    and  Santiago!     And 
Alvar   Fanez  at   this  time  issued  out  from   ambush,   and   fell 
upon  them,  on  the  side  which   was  nearest   the  sea ;  and  the 
Moors  thought  that  a  gi'eat  power   had   arrived   to  the  Cid's 
succour,  and  they  were  dismayed,  and  began  to  Hy.     And  the 
Cid  and   his  people  pursued,  punishing  them   in  a  bad   way. 
If  we  should  wish  to  tell  you  how  every  one  behaved  himself 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  233 

in  this  battle,  it  is  a  thino-  which  could  not  be  done,-  for  all  BOOK 

.       ,  -Nil 

did  so  well  that  no  man   can   relate  their  feats.     And  the  Cid    ...-y-^ 

Rm'diez  did    so    well,   and  made   such   mortality    among   the 
Moors,  that  the  blood  ran  from  his  wrist  to  his  elbow !  great 
pleasure  had  he  in   his  horse  Bavieca  that  day,  to  find  himself 
so  well  mounted.     And    in  the  pursuit  he  came  uj)  to   King 
Yucef,  and  smote  him  three  times  :  but  the  King  escaped  from 
under  the  sword,   for   the  horse   of  the  Cid    passed  on  in    his 
course,  and  when  he  turned,  the  King   being  on    a  tieet  horse, 
was  far  off,  so  that  he  mi2;ht  not  be  overtaken  ;  and  he  2;ot  into 
a    Castle    called    Gu3^era,    for   so  far   did    the    Christians    pur- 
sue  them,   smiting  and    slaying,   and  giving  them    no   respite,  chrjeiai. 
so  that  hardly   fifteen     thousand  escaped    of  fifty    that    they  cTr.  g°«. 
were.     They  who  were  in  the  ships,   Avhen  they  saw  this  great  Poema'dei 
overthrow,  fled  to  Denia.  i?3?- 

XXI.  Then  the  Cid  and  his  people  returned  to  the  field  HowthcCid 
and  began  to  plunder  the  tents.  And  the  spoil  was  so  great  cit!,'ludhL 
that  there  was  no  end  to  the  riches,  in  gold  and   in  silver,  and  man'hg'e'the ' 

1  1  I  1  11  damsels  of 

m  horses  and  arms,  so  that  men  knew  not  what  to  leave  hisirifcomt 
and  what  to  take.  \\\(\.  they  found  one  tent  which  had  been 
Kino;  Yucefs  ;  never  man  saw  so  noble  a  thins;  as  that  tent 
M'as ;  and  there  were  great  riches  therein,  and  there  also  did 
they  find  Alvar  Salvadores,  who  had  been  made  prisoner  the 
yesterday,  as  ye  have  heard.  Greatly  did  the  Cid  rejoice  when 
he  saw  him  alive  and  sound,  and  he  ordered  his  chains  to  be 
taken  off;  and  then  he  left  Alvar  Fanez  to  look  to  the  spoil, 
and  went  into  Valencia  Avith  a  hundred  kniohts.  His  wrinkled 
brow  was  seen,  for  he  had  taken  off  his  helmet,  and  in  this 
manner  he  entered,  upon  Bavieca,  sword  in  hand.  Great  joy 
had  Dona  Ximena  and  her  daughters  who  were  awaiting  him, 
when  they  saw  him  come  riding  in ;  and  he  stopt  when  he 
came    to    them,    and     said.    Great    honour    have    I  \ron    for 

2  u 


034  CHRONICLE    OF    THE     CID, 

BOOK  jou,  M-hile  you  kept  Valencia  this  day!  God  and  the  Saints 
v.i_^  have  sent  us  goodly  gain,  upon  yovu"  coming.  Look,  with  a 
bloody  sword,  and  a  horse  all  sweat,  this  is  the  way  that  we 
conquer  the  Moors  !  Pray  God  that  I  may  live  yet  awhile  for 
your  sakes,  and  you  shall  enter  into  great  honour,  and  they 
shall  kiss  your  hands.  Then  my  Cid  alighted  when  he  had 
said  this,  and  the  ladies  knelt  down  before  him,  and  kissed  his 
hand,  and  wished  him  long  life.  Then  they  entered  the  Palace- 
Avitli  him,  and  took  their  seats  upon  the  precious  benches. 
Wife  Dona  Ximcna,  said  he,  these  damsels  who  have  served 
3'ou  so  well,  I  will  give  in  marriage  to  these  my  vassals,  and  to 
every  one  of  them  tv/o  hundred  marks  of  silver,  that  it  may 

fcmadti  be  known  in  Castille  what  they  have  got  by  their  services. 
Your   daughters   marriage   will  come  in    time.     And  they   all 


o 

tid.  1744. 
1779. 

c„p.  221.' ■  rose  and  kissed  his  hand;    and  great  was  the  joy  in  the    Pa- 
ir- 279.       lace,  and  it  Avas  done  accordino-  as  the  Cid  had  said. 


& 


Of  the  great  XXII.  Alvar  FaHcz  this  while  was  in  the  field  writing 
vkJou^.  and  taking  account  of  the  spoil :  but  the  tents  and  arms  and 
precious  garments  were  so  many  that  they  cannot  be  told, 
and  the  horses  were  beyond  all  reckoning ;  they  ran  about  the 
field,  and  there  was  no  body  to  take  them,  and  the  Moors  of 
the  land  got  something  by  that  great  overthrow.  Neverthe- 
less so  many  horses  Averc  taken  that  the  Campeador  had  to 
his  share  of  the  good  ones  a  thousand  and  five  hundred.  Well 
mio'ht  the  others  have  o;ood  store  when  he  had  so  many.  And 
my  Cid  won  in  this  battle  from  King  Yucef,  his  good  sword 
Tizona,  Avhich  is  to  say,,  the  fire-brand.  Tiie  tent  of  the  King 
of  Morocco,  which  Avas  supported  by  tAvo  pillars  Avrought  Avith 
gold,  he  gave  order  not  to  be  touched,  for  he  Avould  send  it 
to  Alfonso  the  Castillian.  The  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  that 
perfect  one  Avith  tlie  shaven  croAvn,  he  had  his  fill  in  that  bat- 
tle, fighting  Avith  both  hands;    no   one  could  tell  hoAv  many 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  935 

he  slew.     Great  booty   came  to  him,  and   moreoAer  the  Cid  BOOK 

sent  him  the  tithe  of  liis  fifth.     Glad  Avere  the  Christian  folk  ^-^v-^J 

in   Valencia  for  the  great  booty  Avhich  they  had  gotten,  and  p, 


Pnema  dtl 


glad  was  Dona  Ximena  and' her  daughters,  and  glad  were  all  i8i'i.''*°' 

.T  t      T-  ^  •      1  Chr.del  Cid. 

those  ladies  Avho  were  married.  cap.  211. 

XXIII.  King  Yncef,  after  the  pursuit  was  given  over,  and  howkius 
he   saw  that   he  might  come  forth  from   the    Castle,    fled    to  and  of  the' 
JDema,  and  embarked  m  his  snips,  and  returned  to  Morocco,  hegavehh 

brother  to 

And  thinking  every  day  hoAV  badly  he  had  sped,  and  how  he  reievseium: 
had  been  conquered  by  so  few,  and  how  many  of  his  people 
he  had  lost,  he  fell  sick  and  died.  But  before  he  died  he  be- 
sought his  brother,  who  Avas  called  Bucar,  that  for  the  tie  there 
Avas  between  them,  he  Avould  take  vengeance  for  the  disho- 
nour AA'^hich  he  had  received  from  the  Cid  Campeador  before 
Valencia  ;  and  Bucar  promised  to  do  this,  and  sAvore  also  upon 
the  Koran,  Avhich  is  the  book  of  their  laAv.  And  accordingly 
he   came    afterAvards    across    the   sea,   Avith   nine    and    tAventy  ^, 

_  '  ''     Chr.del  Cid. 

Kings,  as  shall  be  related  AA'hen  the  time  comes.  cap.  221. 

XXIV.  Then  the  Cid  sent  Ah^ar  Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez  o/thepre. 
with  a  present  to  Kino-  Alfonso  his  Lord.     And  the  present  thtCidseni 

^  ^  -  ^    _  vrito  (ft* 

which  he  sent  Avas  tAvo  hundred  horses  saddled  and  bridled,  ^"^■ 
with  each  a  sword  hanging  from  the  saddle-boAv :  and  also  the 
noble  tent  Avhich  he  had  won  from  King  Yucef  of  IVIorocco. 
This  present  he  gaAc,  because  the  King  had  sent  him  his  Avife 
and  daughters  Aviien  he  asked  for  them,  and  because  of  the 
honour  Avhich  he  had  done  them,  and  that  the  King  mio-ht 
not  speak  ill  of  him  Avho  commanded  in  Valencia.  Alvar 
Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez  Avent  their  Avay  toAvards  Castille, 
over  sieiTas  and  mountains  and  Avaters  ;  and  they  asked  Avhere 
the  King  was,  and  it  Avas  told  them  that  he  Avas  at  Valladolid> 
and  thither  they  Avent.  And  Avhen  they  drew  nigh  unto  the 
city,  they  sent  to  let  him  knoAV  of  their  coming,  and  to  ask  of 


536  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CIO, 

BOOK  liira  whothtT  he  thought  it  good  for  them  to  come  into  the  city 
v.,^v^   unto  him,  or  if  he  would  come  out  to  them,  for  they  were  a 
great   company,  and   the   present   a  full  great   one,  which  he 
would  see  better  without,  than  in  the  town.     And   the   Kmg 
thouoht  this  best,   and  he  went  to  horse,    and   bade  all  the  hi- 
dalcos    who  Avere  with   him    do   the  like.     Now  the  Infantes 
of  Carrion  were  there,  Diego  Gonzalez,  and  Ferrando  Gonzalez, 
the  sons  of  Count  Don  Gonzalo.     And  they   found  the  com- 
pany of  the  Cid  about  half  a  league  from  the  town,  and  when 
the  King  saw  how  many  they  Avere,  he  blest  himself,   for  they 
seemed  like  a  host.     And  Minaya  and  Pero  Bcrmudez  pricked 
on  Avhen   they  saw  him,  and   came  before   him,   and   alighted, 
and  knelt   doAvn,  and  kissed  the  ground   and   kissed  both   his 
feet:    and   he  bade    them    rise   and    mount   their   horses,    and 
would  not  hear  them  till  they  had  mounted,  and  taken   their 
places  one  at  his   right  hand,  and  the  other  at  his  left.     And 
they  said,  Sir,  the  Cid  commends  himself  to  joxiv  grace  as  l>is- 
liege  Lord,  and  thanks  you  greatly  for  having  sent  him  Mith 
such    honour   his   wife    and   daughters.     And    know.    Sir,    that 
since  they  arrived,  he  hath  atchieved  a  great  victory  over  the 
Moors,  and  their  King  Yucef  of   ]\lorocco,  the  Miramamolin, 
Avho  bcsieo^ed  him  in  Valencia  Avith  fifty  thousand  men.     And  he 
Avent  out  against  them,  and  smote  them,  and   hath  sent   you 
these  two  hundred    horses   from  his  fifth.     Then  Alvar  Fanez 
gave  order   that  the  horses  should  be  led  forAvard.     iVnd   this 
Avas    the    manner   in    Avhich   they    came.      The    two  hundred 
horses  came  first,  and  every  one  Avas  led  by  a  child,  and  every 
one   had  a  sAvord  hanging  from  the  saddle,   on  the  left  side; 
and  after  them  came  the  pages  of  all  the  knights  in  company, 
carrying  their  spears,  and  then  the  company,  and  after  them 
an  hundred  couple  Avitli  spears  in  rest.     And  Avhen  they  had 
all  past  by,  the  King  blest  himself  again,  and  he  laughed  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  O^J 

and  said  that  never  had  so  goodly  a  present  been  sent  before  BOOK 

to  King  of  Spain  bj-^  his  vassal.     And  Alvar  Fanez  said  more-  ..^^^ 

over,  Sir,  he  hath  sent  you  a  tent,  the  noblest  that  ever  man  saw, 

which   he  Avon  in  this  battle :  and  the  King   gave   order   that 

the  tent  should  be  spread,   and   he  alighted   and  went  into  it, 

he  and  all  his  people,  and  he  was  greatly  pleased  ;  and  they  all 

said  that  they  had  never  seen  so  noble  a    tent  as  this :  and  the 

King  said  he  had  Avon  many  from  the  J\Ioors,  but  never  such 

as   this.     But   albeit   that  all  the    others    Avere    Avell    pleased. 

Count  Don  Garcia  Avas  not  so  ;  and  he  and  ten  of  his  lineao;e 

talked  apart,  and  said  that  this  Avhich  the  Cid  had  done  Avas 

to  their  shame,  for  they  hated  the   Cid  in"  their  hearts.     And 

King  Don  Alfonso  said.  Thanks   be  to   God  and  to  Sir  Saint 

Isidro    of  Leon,  these  horses  may  do  me  good   scfa  ice ;    and 

he  gave  three  of  them  to    Minaya,  and  Pero    Bermudez,  and 

bade  them   chuse,  and    he   ordered   food   and   cloathino-  to  be 

given    them    Avhile  they    remained,  and    said    that   he    Avould 

give  them  compleat  armour  Avhen  they  returned,   such  as   Avas  cir.ddcid^ 

fit   for  them    to  appear  in   before  my    Cid.     And   they   Avere  Thr'al',. 

lodged,  and  all  things  that  Avere  needful  i^rovided  for  them  and  Poemadei 
,    r  ,  Cid.  isn. 

then*  people.  isa-. 

XXV.     When  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  Diego  Gonzalez  and  Houthein. 
Ferrando  Gonzalez,  saw  the  noble  present  Avhich  the  Cid  had  cwioLe- 

1  "I^*  11  II  l'''i  sired  to  mar* 

sent    unto   the    Kmg,   and  heard   hoAv   ms   riches   and    poAver  ■^y  "•'  f"^'s 

.  ^  daughters,. 

daily  increased,  and  thought  Avhat  his  Avealth  must  needs  be 
Avhen  he  had  given  those  horses  out  of  the  fifth  of  one  bat- 
tle, and  moreover  that  he  Avas  Lord  of  Valencia  :  they  spake 
one  Avith  the  other,  and  agi'eed,  that  if  the  Cid  Avould  give 
them  his  daughters  to  Avife,  they  should  be  Avell  married,  and 
become  rich  and  honourable.  And  they  agreed  together  that  , 
they  Avould  talk  Avith  the  King  in  private  upon  this  matter. 
And    they  AA'cnt   presently  to  him,    and  said.  Sir,  we    beseech 


238  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID, 

BOOK  3'^ou  of  your  bounty  to  help  us  iu  a  thing  whicli  will  be  to 
J^,.^^  your  honour;  for  we  are  your  vassals,  and  the  richer  avc  are 
the  better  able  shall  avc  be  to  serve  you.  And  the  King  asked 
of  them  -what  it  was  they  would  have,  and  they  then  told  hiin 
their  desire.  And  the  King  thought  upon  it  awhile,  and  then 
came  to  them,  and  said.  Infantes,  tliis  thing  which  you  ask  lies 
not  in  me,  but  in  the  Cid ;  for  it  is  in  his  power  to  marry 
his  daughters,  and  pcradvcnture  he  will  not  do  it  as  yet.  Never- 
theless that  ye  may  not  fail  for  want  of  my  help,  I  Avill  send 
to  tell  him  Avhat  ye  wish.  'J'hen  they  kissed  his  hand  for 
this  favour.  And  the  Kins;  sent  for  Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero 
Bermudez,  and  went  apart  with  them,  and  praised  the  Cid, 
and  thanked  him  for  the  good  will  which  he  had  to  do  him 
service,  and  said  that  he  had  great  desire  to  see  him.  Say 
to  him,  he  said,  that  I  beseech  him  to  come  and  meet  me, 
for  I  would  speak  with  him  concerning  something  which  is  to 
his  good  and  honour.  Diego  and  Ferrando,  the  Infantes  of 
Carrion,  have  said  unto  mc  that  they  would  fain  wed  with 
his  daughters,  if  it  seemeth  good  to  him ;  and  methinks  this 
would  be  a  sood  marriage.  When  Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero 
Bermudez  heard  this,  they  answered  the  King,  and  said.  Cer- 
tain Ave  are.  Sir,  that  neither  in  this,  nor  in  anything  else  Avill 
chr.dcdcid.  the    Cid    do    aught  but   what    you,    Sir,    shall    command    or 

cop.  223.  ~ 

ff'^so'"'  advise.     When  ye  have  your  meeting    ye  Avill  agree   concern- 

m""'Jss  ing  it  as  is  best.     Then  they  kissed  his  hand,  and  took  their 

''"      '  leave. 

Mow  the  XXVI.    On  the  morroAV  the  messengers  of  the  Cid  departed 

appo'h'teT'  from  Valladolid,  and  took  their  AvaytOAvards  Valencia;  and  Avhen 

between  the 

Kiugand  the  Cid  kneAV  that  they  Avere  nigh  at  hand  he  went  out  to  meet 
them,  and  Avhen  he  saAV  them  he  Avaxed  joyful ;  and  he  embraced 
them,  and  asked  Avhat  tidings  of  his  Lord  Alfonso.  And  they  told 
him  how  they  had  sped,  and  hoAV  greatly  the  King  loved  him ;  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  239 

when  Ave  departed,  said  thev,  he  bade  us  beseech  you  to  come  BOOK 

-'  ,  _  "  .  \  II. 

and  meet  him  an}^ where  where  you  Avill  appoint,   for  he  desire th  v^v^ 

to  speak  with  you,  concerning  the  marriage  of  your  daughters 
with  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  if  it  should  please  you  so  to  bestow 
them  :  now  by  m  hat  the  King  said  it  seemeth  unto  us  that  this 
marriage  pleaseth  him.  And  Avlien  the  Cid  heard  this  he  became 
thouo'httiil,  and  he  said  to  them  after  awhile,  V»'hat  think  ve  of 
this  marriage  ?  And  they  answered  him.  Even  as  it  shall  please 
you.  ^Vnd  he  said  to  them,  I  was  banished  from  my  own 
country,  and  was  dishonoured,  and  with  hard  labour  gained  I 
what  I  have  got ;  and  now  I  stand  in  the  King's  favour,  and  he 
asketh  of  me  my  daughters  for  the  Infantes  of  Carrion.  They 
are  of  high  blood  and  full  orgullous,  and  I  have  no  liking  to  this 
match ;  but  if  our  Lord  the  King  adviseth  it  we  can  do  no  other- 
wise: Ave  will  talk  of  this,  and  God  send  it  for  the  best.  So 
they  entered  Valencia,  and  the  Cid  spake  Avith  Dona  Ximena 
touching  this  matter,  and  Avhen  she  heard  it  it  did  not  please 
her;  nevertheless  she  said,  if  the  King  thought  it  good  they 
could  do  no  otherwise.  Tlien  the  Cid  gaA^e  order  to  Avrite  letters 
to  the  King,  saying,  that  he  Avould  meet  the  King  as  he  com- 
manded, and  Avhatever  the  King  wished  that  he  Avould  do.  And 
he  sealed  the  letters  aa'cII,  and  sent  two  knights  Avith  them.  And 
Avhen  the  King  saAv  the  letters  he  was  well  pleased,  and  sent  chr.ddcid. 

cap,  2 '2  4-, 

others  to  say  that  the  time  of  their  meetino;  should  be  three  chr.cen. 

.  ,  .  f-  S90. 

Aveeks  after  he  receiA'ed  these  letters,  and  the  place  appointed  *  p^™"  ^f' 
Avas  upon  the  Tagus,  Avhich  is  a  great  riAxr.  ^'^s- 


'  The  Poem  leaves  the  place  of  meeting  at  the  Cid's  choice, . .  which  is 
something  over-courteous  on  the  King's  part.  The  Chronica  del  Cid  names 
'  Requena,  which  is  near  Valencia/  making  the  King  appoint  it.  This  isk  still 
less  Ukely.     I  follow  the  scene  of  the  Poem. 


^40  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK       XXVII.    Now  began  they  to  prepare  on  both  sides  for  this 
v^v<^    meeting.     He  who  should  relate  to  you  the  great  preparations, 
made  read,,   aud  tlie  great  nobleness  which  were  made  for  the  nonce,  would 
'"g.  have  much  to  recount.      VV  ho  ever  saw  m  Lastiile  so  many  a 

precious  mule,  and  so  many  a  good-going  palfrey,  and  so  many 
great  horses,  and  so  many  goodly  streamers  set  upon  goodly 
spears,  and  shields  adorned  with  gold  and  with  silver,  and 
mantles,  and  skins,  and  rich  sendals  of  Adria^.''  The  King 
sent  great  store  of  food  to  the  banks  of  the  Tagus,  where  the 
place  of  meeting  Avas  appointed.  Glad  were  the  Infantes  of 
■Carrion,  and  richly  did  they  bedight  themselves ;  some  things 
tliey  paid  for,  and  some  they  went  in  debt  for :  great  was  their 
company,  and  with  the  King  there  were  many  Leonese  and 
Galegos,  and  Castillians  out  of  number.  My  Cid  the  Campeador 
made  no  tarriauce  in  ^'alencia  ;  he  made  ready  for  the  meeting : 
there  was  many  a  great  mule,  and  many  a  palfre}^  and  many 
a  good  horse,  and  many  a  goodly  suit  of  arms,  cloaks,  and 
mantles  both  of  cloth  and  of  peltry  *° ; . .  great  and  little  are  all 
clad  in  colours.  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya,  and  Pero  Bernmdez, 
and  Martin  Munoz,  and  IMartin  Antolinez  that  Avorthy  Bur- 
galese,  and  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  that  good  one  M'ith  the 
shaven  crown,  and  Alvar  Alvarez,  and  Alvar  Salvadores,  and 
Muiio  Gustios  that  knight  of  prowess,  and  Galind  Garcia  of 
Aragonj  all  these  and  all  the  others  made  ready  to  go  with  the 
Cid.  But  he  bade  Alvar  Salvadores  and  Galind  Garcia  and  all 
those  who  were  under  them,  remain  and  look  with  heart  and 


*  Adria,  which  the  Spanish  editor  observes  upon  this  passage  must  have 
been  famous  for  this  sendal-silic,  is  a  city  belonging  to  what  was  once  the  Ve- 
netian State;  it  has  been  greatly  reduced  by  inundations. 

'"  Pellizones. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  241 

soul  to  the  safety  of  Valencia,  and  not  open  the  gates  of  the  B^^^^^ 
Alcazar  neither  by  day  nor  by  night,  for  his  wife  and  daughters   >.^v-0 
were  there,  in  whom  he  had  his  heart  and  soul,  and  the  other 
ladies  with  them ;  he  like  a  good  husband  gave  order  that  not 
one  of  them  should  stir  out  of  the  Alcazar  till  he  returned.    Then 
they  left  Valencia  and  pricked  on  more  than  apace ;  more  than  SToh. 
a  thousand  knights,  all  ready  for  Avar,  were  lu  tins  company,  bhr.ddcid. 
All  those  o;reat  horses  that  paced  so  v.cll  and  ^vere  so  soft  of  u«/"' 

»  ^  Chr.  Gen. 

foot,  my  Cid  Avon ;  they  Avere  not  given  to  hnn.  /.  2so. 

XXVIII.  King  Don  Alfonso^ived  first  by  one  day  at  the  ojikimcn- 
place  of  meeting,  and  Avhen  he  heard  that  the  Cid  Avas  at  hand,  "'^' 
he  Avent  out  Avith  all  his  honourable  men,  more  than  a  long 
league  to  meet  him.  When  he  Avho  Avas  born  in  a  good  hour 
had  his  eye  upon  the  King,  he  bade  his  company  halt,  and  Avith 
fifteen  of  the  knights  Avhom  he  loved  best  he  alighted,  and  put 
his  hands  and  his  knees  to  the  ground,  and  took  the  herbs  of 
the  field  betAveen  his  teeth,  as  if  he  Avould  have  eaten  them  ", 
Aveeping  for  great  joy  ;  .  .  thus  did  he  knoAV  hoAV  to  humble  him- 
self before  Alfonso  his  Lord  ;  and  in  this  manner  he  approached 
his  feet  and  Avould  have  kissed  them.  And  the  King  drcAV 
back  and  said.  The  hand,  Cid  Campeador,  not  the  foot !  And 
the  Cid  drcAV  nigh  upon  his  knees  and  besought  grace,  saying, 
In  this  guise  grant  me  your  love,  so  that  all  present  may  hear. 
And  the  King  said  that  he  forgave  him,  and  granted  him  his 
love  Avith  his  heart  and  soul.  And  the  Cid  kissed  both  his 
hands,  being  still  upon  his  knees  ;  and  the  King  embraced  him. 


"  Neither  of  the  Chronicles  make  the  Cid  thus  enact  Nebuchadnezzar  be- 
fore his  Lord  the  King;  both  however  represent  him  as  offering  to  iviss  his  feet. 
It  is  remarkable  that  even  this  should  not  have  been  felt  as  a  humiliation  ;  and 
that  so  free  a  people  as  the  Spaniards  should  have  adopted  the  loathsome  forms, 
of  eastern  servihty  from  the  Moors. 

2    I 


242  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  gave  him  the  kiss  of  peace.     Well  pleased  were  all  they 
x^^   who    belield  this,   save    only  Alvar  Diez  and  Garcia  Ordonez, 
for  they  did  not  love  the  Cid.     Then  M^ent  they  all  toward  the 
town,  the  King  and  the  Cid  talking  together  by  the  way.     And 
the    Cid    asked    the    King   to   eat    with   him,    and    the    Kino- 
answered.   Not  so,  for  ye  are  not  prepared  ;  we  arrived  yester- 
day, and  ye  but   now.      Eat  you    and   your  company   there- 
fore with  me,  for  Ave  have  m&de  ready.     To-day,  Cid  Campea- 
dor,  you  are  my  guest,  and  to-moiTow  we  will    do   as  pleases 
you.      Now    came    the    Infantes   of  Carrion   up  and  humbled 
themselves    before    the    Cid,   and    he  received  them   well,  and 
they  promised   to  do  him  service.     And   the   company  of  the 
Cid  came  up,  and  kissed   the   King's  hand.     So    they  alighted 
and  went  to    meat ;  and  the  King  said   unto  the  Cid   that  he 
should  eat  with  him  at  his  table  ;  liowbeit  he  would  not.     And 
wlien   the    King   saw    that   he    would  not  take  his   scat   with 
lum,   he  ordered  a  high  table  to  be  placed   for  the    Cid   and 
for  Count  Don  Gonzalo,  the   father  of  the  Infantes  of  Carrion. 
All  tlic  while  that  they  ate  the  King  could  never  look  enough 
at  the  Cid,  and  he  marvelled  greatly  at  his  beard,  tliat  it  had 
grown   to   such    length.      And    when    they    had    eaten    they 
were   merry,    and   took  their   pleasure.     And   on  the    morrow 
the    King  and  all    they  Avho  went  with  him  to   this    meeting, 
ate  Avith   the   Cid,  and  so  avcH  did  he  prepare   for  them   that 
all  were  full  joyful,    and  agreed  in  one   thing,  that  they    had 
not  eaten  better  for  three  years.     There  was  not  a  man  there 
ci'd^aoas.    who  did  not  eat  upon  silver,  and  the  King  and  the  chief  persons 
chr.ddcid.  Hie  upon   dislies    and    trenchers  ^^  of  gold.     And  Avlien  the   In- 
chr.'Ge,',.    fantes  sav;  tiiis  they  had  the  marriage  more  at  heart  than  before. 

/.  281- 


tajaderos;  the  English  corresponds  in  etymology. 


RODRIGO  DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  '  ^43 

XXIX.     On  the  morrow  as  soon  as  it  was  day,  the  Bishop  BOOK 
Don  Hieronymo  sung  mass  before   the  King,  in   the  oratory   ^Ji^ 
of  the  Cid  ;  and  when  it  was  over,  the  King  said  before  all  who  "ZsIm 
were  there  assembled,  Counts  and  Infanzones  and  knights,  hear  gt^'^  " 
what  I  shall  say  unto  the  Cid.     Cid  Ruydiez,  the  reason  where-  ma^'llgetT 
fore  I  sent  for  you   to  this   meeting  was  twofold :  first,    that   I  *'"  '""''"'^'" 
might  see  you,  which  I  greatly    desired,   for  I  love  you   much 
because  of  the  many  and  great  services  v^^hich  you  have  done 
me,  albeit  that  at  one  time  I  was  wroth  against  you  and  ba- 
nished  you    from    the   land.     But  you   so   demeaned   yourself 
that  you  never  did  n)e  disservice,  but  contrariwise,  great  service 
both  to  God  and  to  me,  and  have  won  Valencia,  and  enlarged 
Ciiristendom,  wherefore  I  am   bound  to  show  favour  unto  you 
and  to  love  you  alway.     The  second  reason  Avas,  that  I  njight 
ask  you  for  your  two  daughters  Doiia  Elvira  and   Dona  Sol, 
that  you  Avould  give  them  in  marriage  to  the    Infantes  of  Car- 
rion, for  this  methinks  would  be  a  tit   marriage,  and  to  your 
honour  and  good.     AVhen  the  Cid  heard  this,  he  was  in  a  man- 
ner bound  to  consent,  having  them  thus   demanded  from   him ; 
and  he  answered  and  said.  Sir,  my  daughters  are  offender  yeai-s, 
and  it  it  might  please  you,  they  are  yet  too  young  for  marriage. 
I  do  not  say  this  as  if  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  were  not  wor- 
thy to  match  with  them,  and  with  better  than  they.     And  the 
King  bade  him  make  no  excuse,  saying,  that  he  should  esteem 
liimself  well  served  if  he  gave  his  consent.     Then  the  Cid  said. 
Sir,  I  begat  them,  and  you  give  them   in  marriage  '^ ;  both  I 
and  they  are  yours, . .  give  them  to  whom  you  please,  and  I  am 


"Both  the  Poem  and  the  Chronica  del  Cid  say,  Vos  las  c  Hastes, .  .yon 
bred  them  up, . .  which  is  in  contradiction  to  the  history.  Fos  las  casays  are  the 
words  of  the  Chronica  General. 


244  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  pleased  therewith.  When  the  King  heard  this  he  was  well  pleased, 
.^^^  and  he  bade  the  Infantes  kiss  the  hand  of  the  Cid  Campeador, 
and  incontinently  they  changed  swords  before  the  King,   and 
thev    did   homaoe   to   him,    as    sons-in-law   to    their    father-in- 
law.     Then  the    King  turned    to  the   Cid,  and  said,    I  thank 
thee,  Ruydiez,  that  thou  hast  given   nie  thy  daughters  for  the 
Infantes  of  Carrion  :    and  here   I   give  them    to    the    Infantes 
to  be  their  brides ;  I  give  them  and  not  you,  and  I   pray  God 
-  that  it  may  please  him,  and  that   you  also   may  have    great 
cry'zji.'    joy  herein.     The  Infantes  I  put  into  your  hands;  they  Avill  go 
'dr.  Gen.    Avith  you,  and  I  shall  relurn  from  hence,  and  I  order  that  three 
Poema'dd    hviudrcd  marks  of  silver  be  given  to  them  for  their  marriage,  and 
2129.         they  and  your  daughters  will  all  be  your  children. 
How  the  Cid      XXX.     Eight  days   this  meeting   lasted;   the  one  day  they 
htmeifof     dined  with  the  King,  and  the  other  Avith  the   Cid.     Then  Avas 
"°      it  appointed  that  on  the  morrow  at  sunrise  CA^ery  one  should 
depart  to  his  OAvn  home.     My  Cid  then  began  to  giA'e  to  every 
one  Avho  Avould  take  his  gifts,  many  a  great  mule,  and  many 
a   good    palfrey,    and  many   a  rich  garment, . .  (5very  one  had 
Avhat  he   asked, . .  lie  said  no  to  none.     Threescore   horses   did 
my    Cid  give  aAvay  in  gifts ;   Avell  pleased    Averc  all   they  Avho 
Avent  to  that  meeting.     And  noAV  they  Avere  about  to  separate^ 
for  it  Avas   night.     The   King   took   the   Infantes  by  the  hand, 
and  delivered  them  into  the  poAver  of  my  Cid  the  Campeador, . . 
See  here  your  sons  :  from  this  day,  Campeador,  you  Avill  know 
what  to  make  of  them.     ^Vnd  the   Cid   answered,   Sir,   may  it 
please  vou,  seeino;  it  is  vou  Aviio  have  made  this  marriarje  for 
my  daughters,   to    appoint   some  one  to  Avhom  I   may  deliver 
them,  and  Avho  may  give  them,   as  from    your    hand,    to    the 
Infantes.     And  the  King  called  for  Alvar  Faiiez  Minaya,  and 
said,  You  are  sib  to  the  damsels  :    I  command  you,  Avhen  3'ou 
come   to  A'alencia,   to  take   them  Avith  your  OAvn  hands,  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  245 

give  them  to  the  Infantes,  as  I  should  do  if  that  I  were  there  BOOK 

.  .  .  VII. 

present :  and  be  you  the  bride's  father.     Then  said  the  Cid,  Sir,  ^^-^ 

you  must  accept  something  from  me  at  this  meeting.  I  bring 
for  3"ou  twenty  palfreys,  these  that  are  gaily  trapped,  and  thirty 
horses  fleet  of  foot,  these  that  are  Avell  caparisoned, .  .  take  them, 
and  I  kiss  your  hand.  Greatly  have  you  bound  me,  said 
King  Don  Alfonso ;  I  receive  this  gift,  and  God  and  all  Saints 
grant  that  it  may  well  be  requited ;  if  I  live  you  shall  have 
something  from  me.  Then  my  Cid  sprung  up  upon  his  horse 
Bavieca,  and  he  said.  Here  I  say  before  my  Lord  the  King, 
that  if  any  will  go  with  me  to  the  Avedding,  I  think  they  Avill 
get  something  by  it !  and  he  besought  the  King  that  he  would 
let  as  man}'^  go  with  him  as  Avere  so  minded  ;  and  the  King- 
licensed  them  accordingl}^  And  Avhen  they  were  about  to 
part,  the  company  that  went  Avith  the  Cid  Avas  greater  than  that  chrdeiod 
Avhich  returned  Avith  the  King.  And  the  Cid  kissed  the  King's  cTr.  gL 
hand  and  dispeeded  himself  Avith  his  favour,  and  the  King  re-  yoemudd 
turned  to  Castille.  aire!^^*' 

XXXI.  My  Cid  Avent  his  Avay  toAvard  Valencia,  and  he  o/^e  con- 
appointed  Pero  Bermudez  and  Muiio  Gustios,  than  Avhom  there  the^-aita. 
were  no  better  tAvo  in  all  his  household,  to  keep  company  Avith 
the  Infantes  of  Carrion  and  be  their  guard,  and  he  bade  them 
spy  out  Avhat  their  conditions  Avere ;  and  this  they  soon  found 
out.  The  Count  Don  Suero  Gonzalez  went  Avith  the  Infantes; 
he  Avas  their  father's  brother,  and  had  been  their  Ai/o  and  bred 
them  up,  and  badly  had  he  trained  them,  for  he  Avas  a  man  of 
gi'eat  Avords,  good  of  tongue,  and  of  nothing  else  good  ;  and  full 
scornful  and  orsullous  had  he  made  them,  so  tl;at  the  Cid  Avas 
little  pleased  Avith  them,   and  would  Avillinoly  have  broken  off 

^  .  .  ®.  ,  ChT.ddCid.. 

the  marriage ;    but   he    could  not,   seeing  that  the   Kino-   had  <=«p  ^^e. 
made  it.      And  when  they  reached  Valencia,  the  Cid  lodged  the  ^  "**'•, , 

''  '      -  O  Pocma  del 

Infantes  in  the  the  suburb  of  Alcudia,  Avhere  he  had  formerly  f^g^;^^"' 


240  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  lodged  himself;   and  all  the  company  who  v/ere  come   to  the 
s.^^vO .  liian  iage  were  quartered  with  them.     And  he  went  to  the  Al- 

caziir. 
Kmyfivar        XXXIL     On  thc  mon'ow  the  Cid  momited  his  horse  and  rode 
hiskinswo.    into  Alcudia,  and  brought  the  Infantes  his  sons-in-law  from  thence 

men  to  the  ...  ,         ^ 

}nja„t,s.  with  him  into  the  city  to  the  Alcazar,  that  they  miglit  see  their 
brides  Doiia  Elv'ira  and  Dona  Sol.  Dofia  Ximcna  had  her  daugh- 
ters ready  to  receive  them  in  full  noble  garments,  for  since  mid- 
night they  had  done  nothing  but  prink  and  prank  themselves.  Full 
jichly  was  the  Alcazar  set  out  that  day,  with  hangings  both  above 
and  below,  purple  and'  samite  ^*,  and  rich  cloth.  Tlie  Cid  en- 
tered between  the  Infantes,  and  all  that  noljle  company  went 
in  after  them  ;  and  they  went  into  the  chief  hall  of  the  Alcazar, 
wheie  Doiia  Ximena  was  with  her  daughters ;  and  when  they 
saw  the  Cid  and  the  Infantes,  they  rose  up  and  welcomed  them 
right  well.  And  the  Cid  took  his  seat  upon  his  bench  with 
one  of  the  Infantes  on  one  side  of  him,  and  one  on  the  other, 
and  the  other  honourable  men  seated  themselves  on  the  estrados^ 
each  in  the  place  Avhere  he  ought  to  be,  and  Avhich  belonged 
to  him  ;  and  they  remained  awhile  silent.  Then  the  Cid  rose 
and  called  for  Alvar  Fanez  and  said.  Thou  knowest  what  my 
Lord  the  King  commanded ;  fulfil  now  his  bidding, .  .  take 
thy  cousins,  and  deliver  them  to  the  Infantes,  for  it  is  the  King 
who  gives  them  in  marriage,  and  not  I.  And  Alvar  Fanez 
arose  and  took  the  damsels  one  in  each  hand,  and  delivered 
them  to  the  Infantes,  saying,  Diego  Gonzalez,  and  Ferrando 
Gonzalez,  I  deliver  unto  you  these  damsels,  the  daughters  of  the 
Cid  Campeador,  by  command  of  King  Don  Alfonso  my  Lord, 
even  as  he  commanded.  Receive  you  them  as  your  equal 
helpmates  '*,  as   the  law  of  Christ  enjoineth.     And  the  Infantes 

*  -^  xamed,  '  *  parejas. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  247 

took   each  his  bride  by  the  hand,  and  v.ent   to   the  Cid  and  BOOK 

V  f  r 
kissed  his  hand,  and  the  same  did  the}'^  to  their  mother  Dona   v.^v-L/ 

Ximena   Gomez :  and  the  Bishop   Don   Hieronymo  espoused 

them,  and   they   exchanged   rings.     When  this  -was  done,    the 

Cid  went  and  seated  himself  on  the   estrado   ^nth    the  ladies, 

he  and  Dona  Ximena  in  the  middle,  and  beside  him  he  placed 

Dona  Elvira  his  eldest  daughter,  and  by  her,    her  spouse  the 

Infante  Diego    Gonzalez;    and   Doiia  Sol  was   seated    on    the 

other  side,  by  her  mother,  and  the  Infante  Ferrando  by  her. 

And  when  they  had  solaced  themselves  awhile,  the  Cid  said  that 

now  they  would  go  eat,  and  tliat  the  marriage  should  be  per- 

fomied   on  the  morrow,  and   he  besought  and  commanded  the 

Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  to  perform  it  in  such  a  manner  that  cap.  22;. ' " 

223. 

no  cost  should  be  spared,  but  that  every  thing  should  be  done  chr.  Gen. 
so  compleatly,  that  they  who  came  from  Castiile  to  this  wedding  P'^sm^  dei 
might  alway  have  something  to  tell  of.  ^^^^■ 

XXXIII.  On  the  morrow  they  went  to  the  Church  of  St. 
Mary,  and  there  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  sate  awaiting  them, 
and  he  blest  them  all  four  at  the  altar.  Who  can  tell  the  great 
nobleness  which  the  Cid  displayed  at  that  wedding,  the  feasts 
and  the  bull-fights,  and  the  throwing  at  the  target,  and  the 
throwing  canes,  and  how  many  joculars  were  there,  and  all  the 
sports  which  are  proper  at  such  weddings  ?  As  soon  as  they  came 
out  of  Church  they  took  horse  and  rode  to  the  Glera ;  three 
times  did  the  Cid  change  his  horse  that  day  ;  seven  targets  were 
set  up  on  the  morrow,  and  before  they  went  to  dinner  all  seven 
were  broken.  Fifteen  days  did  the  feasts  at  this  wedding 
continue ;  then  all  tliey  who  had  come  there  to  do  honour  to 
tiic  Cid  took  leave  of  him  and  of  the  Infantes.  Who  can  telj  chr.deiod. 
the  great  and  noble  gilts  which  the  Cid  gave  to  them,  both  to  a'. ;«». 
great  and  little,  each  according  to- liis  quality,  vessels  of  gold  Foen.adei 
and  silver,  rich   cloth,  cloaks,  furs,  horses,  and  money  beyond  M79:' 


248  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  all  reckoning,    so  that    all  were  well  pleased.    And    when    it 
\.yy^  was  told  in  Castille  Avith  what  gifts  they  who  had  been  to  the 

'^vedding  were  returned,  many  were  they  who  repented  that  they 

had  not  gone  there. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  EIGHTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.  Now  the  history  relateth  that  Gilbert,  a  sage  who  wrote  BOOK 
the  history  of  the  jMoorish  Kings  who  reigned  in  Afi'ica,  saith,  .^^^ 
that    Bucar   remembering    the  oath    which    he   had    made    to  s'^armlde 
his   brother  King   Yucef,    how  he   w^ould  take    vengeance  for  ITvtngchu 
him  for  the  dishonour   which    he  had  received  from    the    Cid  KingYucef. 
Ruydiez   before  Valencia,  ordered    proclamation    to   be    made 
throughout  all  the  dominions  of  his  father,  and  gathered  toge- 
ther so    great   a   power   of  IVIoors,  that   among   the    Captains 

of  his  host  there  were  twenty  and  nine  Kings ;  this  he  could 
well  do,  for  his  father  was  Miramamolin,  which  is  as  much 
as  to  say  Emperor.  And  when  lie  had  gathered  together 
this  mighty  host,  he  entered  into  his  ships  and  crost  the  sea 
and  came  unto  the  port  of  Valencia,  and  what  there  befell 
him  with  the  Cid  the  history  shall  relate  in  due  time.  cap'ag. 

II.  Two  years  after  their  marriage  did  the  Infantes  of  Car- 
rion sojourn  in  Valencia  in  peace  and  pleasure,  to  their  own 
great  contentment,  and  their  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez  with  them ; 

2  K 


250  '  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  at  the  end  of  those  two  years,  there  came  to  pass  a  great 
v,^v^  misadventure,  by  reason  of  which  they  fell  out  with  the  Cid, 
Jrd'cl"""  in  w^hom  there  was  no  fault.  There  was  a  lion  in  the  house 
Ih'e'Lfnntes  of  the  Cid,  Avho  had  grown  a  large  one,  and  a  strong,  and 
when  the     was    full   uimblc :    three    men    had    the   keeping   of  this   lion, 

lion  hruhe  ..  I'-i  i-i  •  ii-i 

loo^e-  and  they  kept  hmi  in  a  den  which  was  in  a  court  yard,  nigh 
up  in  the  palace ;  and  when  they  cleansed  the  court  they  were 
wont  to  shut  him  up  in  his  den,  ancl  afterward  to  open  the 
door  that  he  might  come  out  and  eat :  the  Cid  kept  him  for 
his  pastime,  that  he  might  take  pleasure  with  him  when  he 
was  minded  so  to  do.  Now  it  was  the  custom  of  the  Cid 
to  dine  every  day  with  his  company,  and  after  he  had  dined, 
he  was  wont  to  sleep  awhile  upon  his  seat.  And  one  day 
when  he  had  dined  there  came  a  man  and  told  him  that  a 
great  fleet  was  arrived  in  the  port  of  Valencia,  wherein  there 
was  a  great  power  of  the  INIoors,  Avhom  King  Bucar  had  brought 
over,  the  son  of  the  IMiramamolin  of  Morocco.  And  Avhen 
the  Cid  heard  this,  his  heart  rejoiced  and  he  Avas  glad,  for 
it  Avas  nigh  three  years  since  he  had  had  a  battle  Avitli  the 
Moors.  Incontinently  he  ordered  a  signal  to  be  made  that  all 
the  honourable  men  who  Avere  in  the  city  should  assemble  to- 
gether. And  Avhen  they  Avere  all  assembled  in  the  Alcazar 
and  his  sons-in-laAv  Avith  them,  the  Cid  told  them  the  ncAvs,  and 
took  counsel  Avith  them  in  Avhat  manner  they  should  go  out 
against  this  great  poAver  of  the  Moors.  And  Avhen  they  had  taken 
counsel  the  Cid  Avent  to  sleep  upon  his  seat,  and  the  Infantes  and 
the  others  sate  playing  at  tables  and  chess.  Noav  at  this  time  the 
men  who  Avere  keepers  of  the  lion  Avere  cleaning  the  court,  and 
Avhen  they  heard  the  cry  that  the  Moors  Avere  coming,  they  opened 
the  den,  and  came  doAvn  into  the  palace  Avhere  the  Cid  Avas,  and 
left  the  door  of  the  court  open.  And  Avhen  the  lion  had  ate 
his  meat  and  saw  that  the  door  Avas  open  he  Avent  out  of  the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  q  ^  ^ 

court  and  came  down  into  the  palace,  even  into  the  hall  where  BOOK 
they  all  Avere ;  and  when  they  who  were  there  saw  him,  there  il^ 
was   a  great  stir  among  them  ;    but  the   Infantes   of  Carrion 
showed  greater  cowardice  than  all  the  rest.     Ferrando  Gonzalez 
having  no  shame,  neither  for  the  Cid  nor  for  the  others  who 
were  present,  crept  under  the  seat  whereon  the  Cid  Avas  sleep- 
ing, and  in  his  haste  he  burst  his  mantle  and  his  doublet  also 
at  the  shoulders.     And  Diego  Gonzalez,  the  other,  ran  to  a  pos- 
tern   door,  crying,  I  shall  never  see    Carrion    again !   this  door 
opened    upon    a  court   yard  where  there    Mas    a  wine    press, 
and  he  jumped  out,  and  by  reason  of  the  great  height  could 
not  keep  on  his  feet,  but  fell  among  the  lees  and  defiled  him- 
self therewith.     And  all  the  others  who  were  in  the  hall  Avrapt 
their  cloaks   around    their   arms,   and    stood    round   about  the 
seat  whereon    the    Cid  was   sleeping,   that  they    might  defend 
him.     The  noise  Avhich  they  made  awakened   the  Cid,  and  he 
saw  the  lion  coming  towards  him,  and  he  lifted  up  his  hand 
and  said,  ^yhat  is  this? .  .  and  the  lion  hearing  his  voice  stood 
still ;  and  he  rose  up  and  took  him  by  the  mane,  as  if  he  had 
been   a  gentle  mastiff,    and  led   him  back  to  the  court   where 
he  was  before,  and  ordered  his  keepers   to  look   better  to  him  chr  ddcid 
for  the  time  to  come.     And  when  he  had  done  this  he  returned  cZTa, 
to  the  hall  and  took  his  seat  again  ;  and  all  they  who  beheld  iJl'Ii 
it  were  greatly  astonished.  ^''^-  ^"^• 

III.   After  some  time  Ferrando  Gonzalez  crept  from  under  ho.  ,ke  in. 
the  seat  where  he  had  hidden  himself,  and  he  came  out  withf'S^ge 
a  pale  face,  not  having  yet  lost  his  fear,  and  his  brother  Diego  "oc/. 
got  from  among  the  lees  :   and  when  they  who    were    present 
saw  them  in  this  plight  you  never  saw  such  sport  as  they  made ; 
but  my  Cid  forbade  their  laughter  '  .     And   Diego  went  out  to 


'    Thus    the    Poem,   with  more  feeling   of  propriety    than  both   tlie  Chr 
nicies,  which  make  him  publicly  reproach  the  Infantes  for  their  cowardice. 


25^  CHRONICLE   OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  wash  himself  and  change  his  ffarments,  and  he  sent  to  caU 
v./-v>-/  his  brother  forth,  and  they  took  counsel  together  in  secret, 
and  said  to  each  other,  Lo  now,  what  great  dishonour  this 
Rujdiez  our  father-in-law  hath  done  us,  for  he  let  this  lion 
loose  for  the  nonce,  to  put  us  to  shame.  But  in  an  evil  day 
were  vre  born  if  we  do  not  revenge  this  upon  his  daughters. 
Badly  were  we  matched  with  them,  and  now  for  the  after-feast 
he  hath  made  tliis  mockery  of  us !  But  we  must  keep  secret 
this  which  we  bear  in  mind,  and  not  let  him  wit  that  we  are 
wrath  against  him,  for  otherwise  he  would  not  let  us  depart 
from  hence,  neither  give  us  our  wives  to  take  with  us,  and 
he  would  take  from  us  the  swords  Colada  and  Tizona  which 
he  gave  us  . .  .  We  will  therefore  turn  this  thing  into  merriment 
before  him  and  his  people,  to  the  end  that  they  may  not  sus- 
pect what  we  have  at  heart.  While  they  were  thus  devising 
their  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez  came  in,  and  they  told  him  of 
their  intent.  And  he  counselled  them  to  keep  their  wrath 
secret,  as  they  said,  till  this  stir  of  the  Moors  from  beyond  sea 
was  over,  and  then  they  should  demand  their  wives  of  the  Cid 
that  they  might  take  them  to  their  own  country ;  This,  said  he, 
the  Cid  can  have  no  reason  to  deny,  neither  for  detaining  ye 
longer  with  him ;  and  when  ye  are  got  away  far  out  of  his 
land,  then  may  ye  do  what  ye  will  with  his  daughters,  and  ill 
will  ye  do  if  ye  know  not  how  to  revenge  yourselves  ;  so  shall  ye 
remove  the  dishonour  from  yourselves,  and  cast  it  upon  him  and 
ca^'i'so"^'  his  children.  This  Avicked  comisel  did  Suero  Gonzalez  give 
cAr!  Gen.  uttto  his  ncplicws,  which  he  might  have  well  excused  giving, 
'Polmadei  and  tlicn  both  he  and  they  would  not  have  come  off  so  badly  as 
M2o!^'*'    the  history  will  in  due  season  relate. 

How  the  In.  IV.  After  Suero  Gonzalez  and  his  nephews  had  taken 
^aidlZn  this  evil  counsel  together,  they  went  to  their  lodging,  and  on 
th?grLt     the  morrow  they  Avent  to  the  Alcazar  and  came  to  the  Cid 

povier  of  the 
Mmts. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  253 

ovhere  he  was  preparing  for  business.  And  when  they  drew  BOOK 
nigh,  the  Cid  rose  and  welcomed  them  right  well,  and  they  v,„^^ 
carried  a  good  countenance  towards  him,  and  made  sport  of 
what  had  happened  about  the  lion.  And  the  Cid  began  to 
give  order  in  what  array  they  should  go  out  to  battle.  While 
they  were  in  this  discourse,  a  great  cry  was  heard  in  the  town 
and  a  great  tumult,  and  this  was  because  King  Bucar  was  come 
with  his  great  power  into  the  place  Avhich  is  called  the  Campo 
del  Quarto,  which  is  a  league  from  Valencia,  and  there  he 
was  pitching  his  tents  ;  and  when  this  Avas  done  the  camp  made 
a  mighty  show,  for  the  history  saith  that  there  were  full  five 
thousand  pavilions,  besides  common  tents.  And  when  the 
-Cid  heard  this,  he  took  both  his  sons-in-law  and  Suero  Gon- 
«;alez  with  them,  and  went  upon  the  highest  tower  of  the  Al- 
cazar, and  showed  them  the  gi'eat  power  which  King  Bucar 
of  Morocco  had  brought;  and  when  he  beheld  this  great 
power  he  began  to  laugh  and  Avas  exceeding  glad :  but  Suero 
Gonzalez  and  his  nephews  were  in  great  fear:  howbeit  they 
would  not  let  it  be  seen.  And  when  they  came  down  from 
the  tower  the  Cid  went  foremost,  and  they  tarried  behind,  and 
said.  If  we  go  into  this  battle  we  shall  never  return  to  Carrion. 
Now  it  so  chanced  that  Muno  Gustios  heard  them,  and  he 
told  it  to  the  Cid,  and  it  grieved  the  Cid  at  heart ;  but  he 
presently  made  sport  of  it,  and  turned  to  his  sons-in-law,  and 
said.  You  my  sons  shall  remain  in  Valencia  and  guard  the 
town,  and  we  who  are  used  to  this  business  will  go  out  to  bat- 
tle* ;  and  they  when  they  heard  this   were  ashamed,  for  they 


*  A  gap  occurs  here  in  the  Poem,  the  MS.  wanting  a  leaf  in  this  place. 
It  seems  by  the  first  lines  which  follow,  as  if  some  quarrel  had  been  related 
between  Pero  Bermudez  and  one  of  the  Infantes,  who  had  been  extolling  his 
own  courage. 


254  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  weened  tliat  some  one  had  overheard  what  they  said  ;  and  they 
,^,^v-^_,  made  answer,  God  forefend,  Cid,  that  we  should  abide  in  Va- 
CAr  dwcij.  itnicia !  we  Avill  go  with  you  to  the  work,  and  protect  your 
chr'Gen.  body  as  it"  we  were  youi-  sons,  and  you  were  the  Count  Don 
yolml'dd  GonzaJo  Gomez  our  father.  And  the  Cid  Avas  well  pleased 
■  2347r        hearing  them  say  this. 

Of  themes-       V.  Wlule  tlicy   wcrc  thus  saying,  word  Avas  brought  to  the 
a-lVb,,™-  Cid  that  there  was  a  messenger  from  Kino-  Bucar  at  the  sate  of 

//  ,  CI  O  o  o 

the  town,  Avho  Avould  fain  speak  Avith  him.  The  name  of  this 
Moor  Avas  Ximen  de  Algezira,  and  the  Cid  gave  order  that  he 
sliould  be  admitted.  Noav  the  history  saith,  God  had  given  such 
grace  to  my  Cid  that  never  Moor  beheld  his  face  Avithout  having 
great  fear  of  him ;  and  this  Ximen  began  to  gaze  upon  his  coun- 
tenance, and  said  nothing,  for  he  could  not  speak.  And  so 
great  Avas  the  fear  Avhich  came  upon  him  that  the  Cid  perceived 
it,  and  bade  him  take  couYage  and  deliver  the  bidding  of  his 
I,ord,  Avithout  fear  or  shame,  for  he  was  a  messenger.  And 
Avhen  the  Moor  heard  this  he  laid  aside  his  fear,  and  recovered 
heart,  and  delivered  his  bidding  fully,  after  this  Avise.  Sir  Cid 
Campeador,  King  Bucar  my  Lord  hath  sent  me  to  thee  saying, 
<2;reat  AVi'ong  hast  thou  done  him  in  holding  Valencia  against 
him,  Avhich  belonged  to  his  forefathers;  and  moreover  thou  hast 
discomfited  his  brother  King  Yucef.  And  now  he  is  come 
against  thee  Avith  twenty  and  nine  Kings,  to  take  A^engeartce  for 
his  brother,  and  to  Avin  Valencia  from  thee  in  spite  of  thee  and 
of  all  Avho  are  Avith  thee.  Nevertheless,  King  Bucar  saith, 
tliat  inasmuch  as  he  hath  heard  that  thou  art  a  Avise  man  and  of 
good  understanding,  he  will  shoAv  favour  unto  thee,  and  let  thee 
leave  Valencia  with  all  the  lands  thereof,  and  go  into  Castillc, 
and  take  Avith  thee  all  that  is  thine.  And  if  thou  Avilt  not  do 
alp.tsa"''  this  he  sends  to  say  that  he  Avill  fight  against  Valencia,  and  take 
j?  ';.;'. "     thee  and  thy  Avife  and  thy  daughters,  and  torment  thee  griev- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  255 

ously,  in  such  manner  that  all  Christians  who  shall  hear  tell  of  it  BOO  K 
shall  talk  thereof  for  evermore.  This  is  the  bidding  of  my  Lord  ../-vO 
King  Bucar. 

VI.  When  the  Cid  heard  this,  notwithstanding  he  was  wroth  ofthem- 

si/jcr  of  the 

at  heart,  he  would  not  manifest  it,  but  made  answer  in  few  words  ctd. 
and  said.  Go  tell  thy  Lord  King  Bucar  I  will  not  give  him  up 
Valencia :  great  labour  did  I  endure  in  winning  it,  and  to  no 
man  am  I  beholden  for  it  in  the  world,  save  only  to  my  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  and  to  my  kinsmen  and  friends  and  vassals  who 
aided  me  to  win  it.  'lell  him  that  I  am  not  a  man  to  be  be- 
sieged, and  when  he  does  not  expect  it  1  will  give  him  battle  in 
the  field ;  and  would  that  even  as  he  has  brought  with  him 
twenty  and  nine  Kinos,  so  he  had  brought  all  the  Moors  of  all 
Pagandom,  for  with  tiie  mercy  of  God  in  which  I  trust,  I  should 
think  to  conquer  them  all.  Bear  this  answer  to  your  Lord,  and 
come  here  no  more  with  messages,  neither  on  this  account  nor 
on  any  other.  When  Ximen  de  Algezira,  the  Moorish  iiiessen- 
ger,  heard  this,  he  left  Valencia,  and  went  vmto  his  Lord  and 
told  him  before  the  twenty  and  nine  Kings  all  that  the  Cid  had 
said.  And  they  were  astonished  at  the  brave  words  of  the  Cid, 
for  they  did  not  think  that  he  would  have  resisted,  so  great  was 
their  power,  neither  did  they  Aveen  that  he  would  so  soon  come 
out  to  battle.  And  they  began  to  give  order  to  set  their  siege 
round  about  Valencia,  as  the  history,  and  as  Gilbert  also  re- 
lateth.  This  Kino-  Bucar  and  his  brother  Kiup-  Yucef  were 
kinsmen  of  Alimaymon,  Avho  had  been  King  of  Toledo  and  Va- 
lencia, and  this  was  the  reason  why  Bucar  said  that  Valencia  cap.  233. 
had  bclonoed  to  his  forefathers.  f  as*. 

VII.  No  sooner  had  Ximen,  the  messenger  of  King  Bucar,  o/ the  or- 

der of  the 

left  the  city,  than  the  Cid  ordered  the  bell  to  be  struck,  at  the  cid's  baute. 
sound  of  which  all  the  men  at  arms  in  Valencia  were  to  gather    ' 
together.     Incontinently  they  all  assembled  before  the  Cid,  and 


256  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  he  told  them  all  to  be  ready  full  early  on  the  morrow  to  go 
J^^i^  out  and  give  battle  to  the  Moors.  And  they  made  answer  Avith 
one  accord  that  they  were  well  pleased  to  do  this,  for  they  trusted 
in  God  and  in  his  good  fortune  that  they  should  overcome  them. 
On  the  nio)-row  therefore  at  the  first  cock-crow,  they  confessed 
and  communicated,  as  Avas  their  custom,  and  before  the  morn- 
ing brake  they  Avent  forth  from  \'^alencia.  And  when  they 
had  got  through  the  narrow  passes  among  the  gardens,  the 
Cid  set  his  army  in  array.  The  van  he  gave  to  Alvar  Fanez 
Minaya,  and  to  -  Pero  Bennudez  who  bore  his  banner ;  and 
he  gave  thein  five  hundred  horsemen,  and  a  thousand  and  five 
hundred  men  a-foot.  In  the  right  wing  was  that  honourable 
one  with  the  shaven  crown,  Don  Hierouymo  the  Bishop,  with 
the  like  number  both  of  horse  and  foot ;  and  in  the  left  Mar- 
tin Antolinez  of  Burgos  and  Alvar  Salvadores,  with  as  many 
more.  Tlie  Cid  came  in  the  rear  with  a  thousand  horsemen 
all  in  coats  of  mail,  and  two  thousand  five  hundred  men  a-foot. 
And  in  this  aiTay  they  proceeded  till  they  came  in  siglit  of  the 
Moors.  As  soon  as  the  Cid  saw  their  tents  he  ordered  his  men 
to  slacken  their  pace,  and  got  upon  his  horse  Bavieca,  and  put 
himself  in  the  front  before  all  his  army,  and  his  sons-in-law  the 
Infantes  of  Carrion  advanced  themselves  with  him.  Then  the  Bi- 
shop Don  Hieronymo  came  to  the  Cid  and  said,  This  day  have 
I  said  the  mass  of  the  Holy  Trinity  before  you.  I  left  my  own 
country  and  came  to  seek  you,  for  the  desire  I  had  to  kill  some 
Moors,  and  to  do  honour  to  my  order  and  to  my  own  hands.  Now 
would  1  be  the  foremost  in  this  business ;  I  have  ray  pennon  ^ 


'  Peiidon  traio  a  corzas. 

Poema  del  Cid.  2S85. 
The  Glossary  says  upon  this  passage,  parece  que  se  habla  de  pendon  ligero 
para  llevarh  quando  se  corria.     Acaso  debe  leerse  cordas  porque  via  asegurado  ccn 

c.vcrdas. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


257 


and  my   annorial   bearing,   and   will  employ  them   by  God's  BOOK 
help,  that  my  heart  may  rejoice.     And  my  Cid,  if  you  do  not  J^^!^ 
for  the  love  of  me  grant  this  I  will  go  my  ways  from  you.     But 
the  Cid  bade  him  do  his  pleasure,  saying  that  it  would  please 
him  also.     And  then  the  great  multitude  of  the  Moors  began 
to  -^ome  out  of  their  tents,    and   they  formed    their  battle  in. 
haste,   and  came   against  the   Christians,    with    the    sound  -of 
trumpets    and    tambours,    and    with   a   great   uproar;   and    as 
they   came  out   upon   the   alarm,   not   expecting  that  the  Cid 
would  come   against  them  so  soon,  they  did  not   advance  in 
order,  as  King  Bucar  had  commanded.     And  when  the  Cid  saw 
this,   he    ordered   his    banner  to   be   advanced,    and    bade   his 
people   lay    on  manfully.      The    Bishop    Don    Hieronymo  he 
pricked  forward ;  two  Moors  he  slew  with  the  two  first  thrusts 
of  the  lance ;  the  haft  broke,  and  he  laid  hand  on  his  sword. 
God, . .  how  well  the  Bishop  fought !  two  he  slew  with  the  lance, 
and  five  with  the  sword ;    the  Moors  came   round  about  him 
and  laid  on  load  of  blows,  but  tliey  could  not  pierce  his  arms. 
He  who  was  born  in  happy  hour  had  his  eyes  upon  him,  and 
he  took  his  shield  and  placed  it  before   him,  and  lowered  his 
lance,  and  gave  Bavieca  the  spur,  that  good  horse.     With  heart 
and  soul  he  went  at  them,  and  made  his  way  into  their  first 
battle ;  seven  the    Campeador  smote  down,  and  four  he  slew. 
In  short  time  they  joined  battle  in  such  sort  that  many  were 
slain  and   many  overthrown,  on  one  side    and  on  the    other,  ckr.ctcicid. 
and  so  great  was  the  din  of  strokes  and  of  tambours  that  none  ct'%\'n. 
could  hear  what  another  said  ;    and  they  smote  away  cruelly.  ^Po'^'an 
Without  rest  or  respite.  2^07. 

Vlll.  Now  it  came  to  pass  in  this  battle  that  the  Infante  How  the  od 
Diego  Gonzalez  encountered  a  Moor  of  Africa  who  was  of  ll^s^car 
great  stature  and  full  vahant  withal,  and  this  Moor  came  fiercely  '«e»<y'm«« 
against;  him  and  when  the  Intante  saw  how  fiercely    he  was 

2   L 


258  CHRONICLE   OF   THE   CID, 

BOOK  coming,  he   turned   his    back   and  fled.     No  one  beheld  thisy 
,^1^  but  Felez  Muiioz  the   nephew  of  the  Cid,  who  was  a  squire ; 
he  set  himself  against  the  Moor  with  his  lance  under  his  arm, 
and  gave  hhn  such  a  thrust  in  the  breast,  that  the  streamer  of 
the  lance  came  out  all  red  with  blood  between  his  shoulders, 
and  he  downed  Avith  the  dead  man  and  took  his  horse  by  the 
bridle,  and  began  to  call   the  Infajite  Diego  Gonzalez.     When 
the  Infante  heard    himself  called    by  his  name  he   turned  his 
head   to  see  who  called  him,  and  when  he  saw  that  it  Avas  his 
cousin  Felez  Munoz,  he  turned  and  awaited  hhn.     And  Felez 
Munoz  said.  Take  this  horse,  cousin  Diego  Gonzalez,    and  say 
that  you  killed  the   Moor ;   nobody  shall  ever  know  otherwiso^ 
from  me,  unless  you  give  just  cause.    While  they   were  talk- 
ing the  Cid   came  up,    after   another   Moorish  knight,    whom 
he  reached  just  as  he  came  up  to  them,  and  smote  him  with 
his  sword  upon  the  head,  so  that  he  split  it  down  to  the  teeth. 
When  Felez  Munoz  saw  the  Cid,  he  said.  Sir,  your  son-in-law 
Don  Diego  Gonzalez  hath  great  desire  to  serve  and'  help  you 
in  this  day's  work,  and  he  hath  just  slain  a  Moor  from  whom 
he  hath  won  this  horse :  and  this  pleased  the  Cid   much,  foF 
he  weened  that  it  was  true.     And  then  they  all  three  advanced 
themselves  toward  the  midst  of  the  battle,  giving  great  strokes,^ 
and  smiting  and  slaying.     Who  can  tell   how  marvellously  the 
Bishop    Don   Hieronymo  behaved  himself  in  this  battle,  and 
hoAv  well  all  the  rest  behaved,  each  in  his  way,  and  above  all, 
the  Cid  Campeador,  as  the  greatest  and    best   of  all !  never- 
theless the  power  of  the  Moors  was  so  great  that  they  could 
not  drive  them  to  flighty  and  the  business  was  upon  the  balance 
even  till   the  hour  of  nones.     Many  were  the  Christians  Avho 
died  that  day  among  the  foot  soldiers ;   and  the  dead.  Moors 
and  Ciiristians  together  were  so  many,  that  the  horses  could 
scant  move  amoi^  their  bodies.     But  after  the  hour  of  noijes 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  259 

the  Cid  and  his  people  smote  the  Moors  so  sorely   that  they  B O OK 
could  no  longer  stand  against  them,  and  it  pleased   God   and  .^^,,^, 
the  good  fortune  of  tlie  Cid  that  they  turned  their  backs ;  and 
the  Christians  followed,  hewing  them  down,   and  smiting  and 
slaying ;  and  they  tarried  not  to  lay  hands  on  those  whom  they 
felled,   but  went  on  in  the  pursvut  as  fast  as  they  could.     Then 
might  you    have  seen  cords    broken,  and    stakes    plucked   up 
as  the   Christians  came  to   the   tents;  my   Cid's   people  drove 
King  Bucar's  through  their  camp,  and  many  an   arm  with  its 
sleeve-mail    was   lopt   off,    and  many  a  head  with  its  helmet 
fell  to  the  ground  ;  and  horses  ran    about  on   all  sides  without 
riders.     Seven  ftill  miles  did  the  pursuit  continue.     And  while 
they  were  thus  following  their  flight  the  Cid  set  eyes  upon  King 
Bucar,  and  made  at  liim  to  strike  him  with  the  sword  ;  and  the 
Moorish  King  knew  him  when  he  saw  him  coming ;  Turn  this 
way  Bucar,   cried  the  Campeador,  you  who  came  from  beyond 
sea,  to  see  the  Cid  with  the  long  beard.     We  must  greet  each 
other  and    cut   out  a  friendship !    God    confound    such  friend- 
ship, cried  King  Bucar,  and  turned  his  bridle,  and  began   to 
fly  towards  tlie  sea,  and  the  Cid  after  him,  having  great  desire 
to  reach  him.      But  King  Bucar  had  a  good  horse  and  a  fresh, 
and   the  Cid  went  spurring  Bavieca  who  had  had  hard  work 
that  day,  and  he  came  near  his  back ;   and   when  they  were 
nigh  unto  tlie  ships,  and  the  Cid  saw  that  he  could  not  reach 
him,   he  darted  his  sword  at  him,  and  struck  him  between  the 
shoulders;    and  King  Bucar  being  badly  wounded  rode  into 
the  sea,  and  got  to  a  boat,  and  the  Cid  alighted  and   picked 
up  his  sword.     And   his  people  came  up,  hewing  down   the 
Moors  before  them,  and  the  Moors  in  their  fear  of  death  ran  into 
the  sea,  so  that  twice  as  many  died  in  the  water  as  in  the  bat- 
tle ;    nevertheless   so  many   were  they  who  were  slain  in   the 
field,  that  they  were  thought  to  be  seventeen  thousand  persons 


2(J^  CHRONICLE    OF   THE  CID, 

BOOK  and  upward:  but  a  greater  number  died  in  the  sea-  And  so 
,Jl^i^  many  were  they  who  were  taken  prisoner,  that  it  was  a  Avonder  ; 
chr.dcicid.  and  of  the  twenty  and  nine  kings  who  came  with  King  Bucar, 
chr.  Gen.  seventeen  were  slain.  And  when  the  Cid  saw  that  of  the  Moors 
Poemadei    some  had  o-otten  to  the  ships  and  the  others  were  slain  or  taken, 

Cirf.».2409.  . 

^*'-        he  returned  toward  their  tents. 

ojthe great      IX.    My  Cid  Ruydiez  the   Campeador   returned   from   the 
woiKonby    slaughter;  the  hood  of  his  mail  was  thrown  back,   and  the  coif 
*«""•         upon  his  head  bore  the  marks  of  it.    And  when  he  saAv  his  sons- 
in-law   the    Infantes    of  Carrion,   he   rejoiced    over  them,  and 
said  to  them  to  do  them  honour,  Come  here  my  sons,  for  by 
your  help  we  have  conquered  in  this   battle.     Presently  Alvar 
Faiiez  came  up :  the  shield  which  hung  from  his  neck  was  all 
battered  :  more  than  twenty  Moors  had  he  slain,  and  the  blood 
was  running  from  his  wrist  to  his  elbow.     Thanks  be  to  God, 
said  he,  and   to  the  Father  who  is  on  high,   and  to  you,  Cid, 
we  have  won  the  day.     All  these  spoils  are  yours  and  your 
vassals.     Then  they  spoiled  the  field,  where  they  found  great 
riches  in  gold,    and  in  silver,   and  in  peails,    and  in  precious 
stones,  and  in  sumptuous  tents,  and  in  horses,  and  in  oxen, 
which  were  so  many  that  it  was  a  wonder.     The  poorest  man 
among  the  Christians  Avas  made  full  rich  that  day.     So  great 
was  the  spoil  that  six  hundred  horses  fell   to  the  Cid  as  his 
fifth,  beside   sumpter  beasts  and   camels,  and  twelve  hundred 
prisoners  ;  and  of  the  other  things  Avhich  were  taken  no  man  can 
give  account,  nor  of  the  treasure  which  the  Cid  won  that  day  in 
theCanipo  del  Quarto.    God  be  praised!  said  the  Campeador  . . . 
once  I  Avas  poor,  but  now  am  I  rich  in  lands  and  in  possessions, 
and  in  gold  and  in  honour.     And  Moors  and  Christians  both 
fear  me.     Even  in  Morocco,  among  their  Mosques,  do  they  fear 
least  1  should  set  upon  them  some  night.     Let  them  tiear  it! 
I  shall  not  go  to  seek  them,  but  here  Avill  I  be  in  Valencia,  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  26l 

by  God's  help  they  shall  pay  me  tribute.     Great  joy  was  made  BOOK 
in  Valencia  for  this  victory,  and  great  was  the  joy  of  the  In-  Z^!^ 
fantes  of  Carrion  ;  five  thousand  marks  came  to  them  for  their  p„™o  dd 
portion  of  the  spoil.     And  when  they  saw  themselves  so  rich,  ^"^'""^ 


2519. 
Chr.delCii:. 


OUHtrv. 


they  and  their  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez  took  counsel  together,  and  cap'^le. 
confirmed  the  wicked  resolution  which  they  had  taken.  /.'iss" 

X.  One  day  the  companions  of  the  Cid  were  talking  before  How  the  h- 
him  of  this  victory,  and  they  were  saying  who  were  the  young  "^rt"".:^"* 
knights  that  had  demeaned  themselves  well  in  the  battle  and  in  IZthlLun 
the  pursuit,  and  who  had  not ;  but  no  mention  was  made  of 
the  Jnfantes;  for  though  some  there  were  who  whispered  to  each 
other  concerning  them,  none  would  speak  ill  of  them  before  the 
Cid.  And  tliC  Infantes  saw  this,  and  took  counsel  with  their 
uncle,  who  ought  not  to  have  given  them  the  evil  counsel  that 
he  did,  and  they  determined  forthwith  to  put  their  wicked  de-^- 
sign  in  execution.  So  they  went  before  the  Cid,  and  Ferran 
Gonzalez,  having  enjoined  silence,  began  to  say  thus.  Cid,  thou 
knowest  well  the  good  tie  which  there  is  between  thee  and  us, 
for  we  hold  thee  in  tlie  place  of  a  father,  and  thou  didst  receive 
us  as  thy  sons  on  the  day  when  thou  gavest  us  thy  daughters 
to  be  our  wives  ;  and  from  that  day  we  have  alway  abode  with 
thee,  and  have  alway  endea\oured  to  do  that  which  was  to  thy 
service ;  and  if  we  have  at  any  time  failed  therein  it  hath  n(,t 
been  wilfully,  but  for  lack  of  better  understanding.  Now  in- 
asmuch as  it  is  long  time  since  we  departed  from  Castille,  from 
our  father  and  from  our  mother,  and  because  neither  Ave  know 
how  it  fares  with  them,  nor  they  how  it  fares  with  us,  we  would 
now,  if  you  and  Dona  Ximena  i-hould  so  think  good,  return 
unto  them,  and  take  our  wives  with  us :  so  shall  our  father  and 
our  mother  and  our  kinsmen  sec  hnw  honourably  Ave  are  mated, 
and  how  greatly  to  our  profit,  ui.d  our  Avi\^es  siiali  be.  put  in 
possession  of  the  towns  Avhicii  we  have   given  thein  for  tiicir 


252  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  dower,  and  shall  see  what  is  to  be  the  inheritance  of  the  chil- 

.^^^  drcn  whom   they  may  have.     And   whensoever  you   shall  call 

upon  us,  we  will  be  ready  to  come  and  do  you  ser^'ice.     Then 

the  Cid  made  answer,  Aveening  that  tliis  was  spoken  without 

deceit,  My  sons,  I  am  troubled  at  what  ye  say,  for  when  ye 

take  away  my  daughters  ye  take  my  very  heart-strings  :  neverr 

arjeicid.  theless  it  is  fitting  that  ye  do  as  ye  have  said.     Go  when  ye 

chr.  Gen.    wiU,  aud  I  wiU  give  unto  you  such  gifts  that  it  shall  be  known 

poimadei    iu  GalUcia  and  in  Castille  and  in  Leon,  with  what  riches  I  have 

c»d.D.as4i. 

2589.        sent  my  sons-m-law  home. 

How  Dona  XI.  Wlicn  thc  Cid  had  made  this  reply,  he  rose  from  his 
tmst'edthT  seat  and  went  to  Dona  Xiniena  liis  wife,  and  spake  with  her 
^Ve'infaL  and  with  Alvar  Fanez,  and  told  them  what  had  passed  with 
his  sons-in-law,  and  what  answer  he  had  given.  Greatly  was 
Dona  Ximena  troubled  at  this,  and  Alvar  Fanez  also,  that 
he  liad  consented  to  what  they  asked  ;  and  she  said,  I  do  not 
think  it  is  wisely  done  to  let  them  take  our  daughters  from 
us,  and  carry  them  into  another  country  ;  for  these  our  sons-in- 
law  are  traitorous  and  false  xit  heart,  and  if  I  areed  them  right 
they  will  do  some  dishonour  to  our  daughters,  Avhen  there 
will  be  none  there  to  call  them  to  account.  And  Alvar  FaHez 
was  of  the  same  mind  ;  but  the  Cid  -was  displeased  at  this, 
and  marvelled  greatly  at  what  they  said ;  and  he  bade  them 
speak  no  more  thereof,  for  God  would  not  let  it  be  so, .  . 
neither  were  the  Infantes  of  such  a  race  as  that  they  should 
do  this  ;  neither,  quoth  he,  would  it  come  into  their  minds  to 
do  it,  if  only  because  our  Lord  King  Don  Alfonso  was  he  who 
made  the   marriage;     but   if  the    Devil    should   tempt    them, 

Chr.dclCii.  °  -^ 

cAr  Gen     ^^^  ^^^y  ^hould  conimit  this  wickedness,  dearly  would  it  cost 

-f- "»•'""    themJ 

^ the  part.      XIL     So  thc  lufantcs  of  Carrion  made  ready  for  their  depar- 

*ng  letween 

Ai>di«  Z**  ^^^^'  ^^^  there  was  a  great  stir  in  Valencia.     And  the  two  sisters 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^6 


o 


Dona  Elvira  and  Dona  Sol,  came   and  knelt  before   the  Cid  BOOK 
and  before  Dona   Ximena    their   mother,    and  said.   You    send  >,*^^ 
us  to  the  lands  of  Carrion,  and   we  must  fulfil  3'our  command  ; 
now  then  give  us   your  blessing,  and  let  us  have  some  of  your 
people    with    us   in   Carrion,  we   beseech    you.     And  the    Cid 
embraced   them  and  kissed  them,   and  the  mother  kissed  them 
and  embraced  them  twice  as  much,  and  they  gave  them   their 
blessing,  and  their  daughters-  kissed  their  hands.     xAnd  the  Cid 
gave  unto  his  sons4n-law   great  store  ot  cloth  of  gold,,  and  of 
serge,  and  of  wool,  and  an  hmidred  horses  bridled  and  saddled^ 
and  an  hundred  mules   with  all   their  trappings,  and  ten  cups 
of  o-old,  and  an  hundred  vessel  of  silver,  and  six  hundred  marks 
of  silver  in  dishes   and  trenchers   and  other  things.     ^Yhen  all 
this  was  done  they  took  their  departure  and  went  out  of  Valen- 
cia, and  the  Cid  rode  out  a  long  league  with  them.     He  looked 
at  the  birds,  and  the  augury  was  bad,  and  he  thought  that  these 
marriao-es   would  not  be  without  some  evil.     And   his  heart* 
smote  him,  and  he  began  to  think  on  what  Dona  Ximena  had 
said,  and  to  fear  least  evil  should  befall  him  from  these  sons-in- 
law,  for  the  manner  of  their  speech  was  not  as  it  was  wont  to 
be.     Where  art  thou  my  nephew,^  where  art  thou  Felez  Munoz  ? 
thou  art  the  cousiii  of  my  daughters,  said  he,  both  in   heart 
and  in  souK     Go  with  them  even  unto  Carrion,  and  see  the 
possessions  which  are  given  them,  and  come  back  with  tidings 
thereof.  '    And  Felez  Muiioz  said  that  he  would  do  this.  And 


*  The  phrase   is  literally   Spanisb  -...Comenzo  deferirh  elcorazon  muif  rezia- 
mente.     Chronica  del  Cid. 

*  The    Chronica    dd  Cid  says  that  the  Cid  sent  a  hundred  knights  with 
liis  daughters,  under  Martia  Pelaez  the  Aaturianj  and  another  knight  called  Pero 


264  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  the  Cid  bade  him  salute  the  Moor  Abeiigalvoii  in  his  name, 
VHI.         . 
v—^  with  whom  they  should  tarry  a  night  at  Molina,  and  bid  him  do 

service  unto  his  daughters,  and  his  sons-in-law,  and  accompany 

them  as  far  as  Medina ;  and  for  all  that  he  shall  do,  said  the 

Cid,  I  will  give  him  good  guerdon.     And  when  the  ladies  came 

to   take  their  leave  of  their  father  the  Cid,  and  of  their  mo* 

ther  Dona  Ximena,  great  were  the  lamentations  on  both  sides, 

as  if  their  hearts  had  divined  the  evil  which   was  to   come ; 

and  the  Cid  strove  to  comfort   them,  saying,  that   he   should 

ehr.MCii.  alway  think  of  them,  and  would  maintain  them  in  good  estate: 

chr.Gcn.    aud  lic  gavc  them  his  blessing  and  turned  back  toward  Valencia, 

Pol^'dei    and  they  went  their  way  Avith  their  husbands,  and  that  parting 

3651."     '  was  like  plucking  the  nail  from  the  flesh. 

nowthe  h-      XIII.     So   the  Infantes  of  Carrion  went  their  way,  by  the 

fantei  tvculd 

'hmeiiain    Campo  dcl  Quarto  to  Chiva,  and  to  Bonilla,  and  to  Requena, 

^bengatvon  '  ' 

and  to  Campo-Robres,  and  they  took  up  their  lodging  at  Villa 
Taxo.  And  on  the  morrow  they  took  the  road  to  Amaja,  and 
leaving  it  on  the  right  came  to  Adamuz,  and  passed  by  Colcha, 
and  rested  at  Quintana.  And  when  Abengalvon  knew  that  the 
daughters  of  the  Cid  were  coming,  he  went  out  joyfully  from  Mo- 
lina to  meet  them,  and  pitched  tents  for  them  in  the  field,  and 
had  food  brought  there  in  abundance.  God,  how  well  he  served 
them !  and  on  the  morrow  the  Moor  gave  full  rich  and  noble 
gifts  to  the  daughters  of  his  Lord  the  Cid,  and  to  each  of  the 
Infantes  he  gave  a  goodly  horse.     And  he  took  horse  iiiniself 


Sanchez,  who  did  homage  in  his  hands  that  they  would  alway  serve  his  daughterji 
as  their  liege  ladies,  and  children  of  their  natural  Lord.  Neither  the  Poem  nor 
the  Chronica  General  mention  this,  and  aU  that  is  afterwards  related  of  these 
knights,  is  in  the  latter  atuibuted  with  more  probability  to  the  knights  of  the 
Infantes  own  company. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  ,^65 

and  rode  on  with  them,    having  two  hundred   knights  in  his  BOOK 
compan^^     'I'hey  crossed  the  mountains  of  Luzon  and  passed  .^^^ 
Arbuxuelo,  and   came  to  Salon,  and  the    Moor  lodged  them 
in  the  place  which  is  called  Ansarera ;    all  this  he  did   for    the 
love  of  the  Cid  Campeador.     Now  the  Infantes  seeing  the  riches 
which  tiiis  Moor  had  with  him,  took  counsel  together  for  trea- 
son, and  said,  Lo  now  if  we  could  slay  this  Moor  Abengalvon,  we 
should  possess  all  these  riches  as  safely  as  if  we  were  in  Carrion 
and  the  Cid  could   never  take  vengeance.     And  a  Moor  who 
understood  the   Latin  of  the  country,  heard  them  and  knew 
what  they  said,    and  he  went   to  Abengalvon,  and  said   unto 
him,  Acaiaz,  that  is  to  sa}',  Sire,  take  heed,  for  I  heaid  the  In- 
fantes of  CaiTion  plotting  to  kill  thee.     Abengalvon  the  Moor    • 
was  a  bold  Baron,  and  when  this  was  told  Irim,  he  went  Mith 
his  two  hundred  men  before  the  Infantes,  and  what  he  said  to 
them    did  not  please  them.     Infantes  of  Carrion,  he  said,  tell 
me,  what  have  I  done?  I  have    served  3'e  without  guile,  and 
ye  have  taken  counsel  for  my  death.      If  it  were  not  for  the 
sake  of  my  Cid,  never  should  you  reach  Carrion !  I  would  carry 
back  his   daughters  to  the  lo3^al  Campeador,  and  so  deal  with 
you  that  it  should  be  talked  of  over  the  whole  world.     But  I 
leave  ve  for  traitors  as  ye  ai'e.     Dona  Elvira  and  Dona  Sol,  I  go  Poemadei 

•    ,  n  .-,        ,  1  1    •  •  ,  Cid.  2653. 

With  j^our  favour.      God  grant  that  this  marriage  may  please  2099. 
your  father !  Having  said  this  the  good  Moor  returned  to  Mo_  "f  "o. 

■J  O  ^  -  chr.  Gen. 

Jina.  f-  ''s^- 

XIV.     They   went   on    by    Valdespino,  and  by   Parra,   and  ofthegreat 
BeiTocal,  and  Val  de  Endrinas,  and  they  left  Medina  Cell  on  which  the 
the  right,    and  crost  the  plain  of  Barahona,  and  past  near  Ber_  muedupou 

~  their  wives. 

langa ;  and  they  crost  the  Douro  by  a  ford  below  the  town,  and 
lode  on  and  came  into  the  Oak-Avood  of  Corpes.  The  mountains 
were  high,  and  the  trees  thick  and  lofty,  and  there  were  wild 
beasts  in  that  place.    And  they  came  to  a  green  lawn  in  the  midst 

2    M 


VIII. 


^QQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

B  OO  K  of  that  oak  forest,  where  there  was  a  fountain  of  clear  water, 
and  there  the  Infantes  gave  order  that  their  tent  should  be 
pitched  ;  and  they  passed  the  night  there,  making  show  of  love 
to  their  wives,  Avhich  they  badly  fulfilled  when  the  sun  was 
risen,  for  this  was  the  place  where  they  thought  to  put  them 
to  shame.  Early  in  the  morning  they  ordered  the  sumpter 
beasts  to  be"  laden,  and  the  tent  struck,  and  they  sent  all  their 
company  on,  so  that  none  remained  with  them,  neither  man 
nor  woman,  but  they  and  their  wives  were  left  alone  that  they 
might  disport  Avith  them  at  pleasure.  And  Dona  Elvira  said 
to  her  husband.  Why  wouldst  thou  that  we  should  remain 
alone  in  this  place?  And  he  said.  Hold  thy  peace,  and  thou 
shalt  see !  And  the  Infantes  tore  away  the  mantles  from  off 
their  wives,  and  the  garments  Avhich  they  wore,  save  only  their 
inner  garment,  and  they  held  them  by  the  hair  of  their  head 
with  one  hand,  and  Avith  the  other  took  the  girths  of  their  horses. 
And  the  women  said,  Don  Diego  and  Don  Ferrando,  ye  have 
strong  SAVords  and  of  sharp  edge;  the  one  is  called  Coladaand  the 
other  Tizona  ;  cut  off  our  heads  and  we  shall  become  martyrs  I 
But  set  not  this  evil  example  upon  us,  for  Avhatever  shame  ye  do 
unto  us-  shall  be  to  your  own  dishonour.  But  the  Infantes  heed- 
ed not  what  they  said,  and  beat  them  cruelly  with  the  saddle- 
girths,  and  kicked  them  Avith  their  spurs,  so  that  their  garments 
were  torn,  and  stained  Avith  blood.  Oh,  if  the  Cid  Campeador 
had  come  upon  them  at  that  hour !  And  the  Avomen  cried 
out,  and  called  upon  God  and  Holy  Mary  to  have  mercy 
upon  them  ;  but  the  more  they  cried,  the  more  cruelly  did  those 
Infantes  beat  and  kick  them,  till  they  Avere  covered  Avith  blood, 
and  SAvooned  aAvay.  Then  the  Infantes  took  their  mantles 
and  their  cloaks,  and  their  furs  of  ermine  and  other  gannents, 
and  left  them  for  dead,  saying,  Lie  there,  daughters  of  the  Cid 
©f  Bivar,  for  it  is  not  fitting  that  ye  should  be  our  Avives,  nor 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^67 

that  ye  should  have  your  dower  m  the  lands  of  Carrion !     We  BOOK 
shall  see  how  3'our  fatlier  will  avenge  you,  and  we  have  now    ,._^i^ 
avenged   ourselves    for  the  shame    he    did    us    with   the  Lion. 
And    they   rode  away   as  they  said  this,  leaving  them    to  the 
mountain  birds  and  to  the  beasts  of  the  forest.     Oh  if  the  Cid 
Campeador  had  come  upon  them  at  that  hour !     And  the  In-  Poema  dei 

.  .  .  Cid.  2699. 

fantes  rode  on  glorying  in  what  they  had  done,  for  they  said  that  2773. 

■■  1       •        1  1  Chr.dtlCid. 

the  daughters  of  the  Cid  were  worthy  to  be  their  harlots,   but  cap.  230. 
not  their  wives.  ff-  '^s'- 

XV.    When  the  Infantes,   before  they  committed  this  great   HowPekt 
cruelty,    ordered  their  company  to  ride  forward,  Felez  Munoz  thclT'dame, 
the  nephew  of  the  Cid,  rode  on  with  the  rest :  but  this  order  f^fsu 
nothing  pleased  him,  and  he  was  troubled  at  heart,  insomuch 
that  he  went  aside  from  his  companions,  and  struck  into  the  fo- 
rest, and  there  Avaited  privily  till  he  should  see  his  cousins  come, 
or  learn  what  the  Infantes  had  done  to  them.     Presently  he  saw 
the   Infantes,  and  heard  what  they  said  to  each  other.    Certes 
if  they  had  espied  him  he  could  not  have  escaped  death.     But 
they  pricked  on  not  seeing  him,  and  he  rode  back  to  the  foun- 
tain, and  there  he  found  the  women  lying  senseless,  and  in  such 
plight  as  ye  have  heard.     And  he  made  great  lamentation  over 
them,  saying.  Never  can  it  please  God  that  ye  my  cousins  should 
receive   such  dishonour!    God   and  St.   Mary  give   them  who 
have   done    this  an  evil  guerdon  !    for  ye  never  deserved  this, 
neither  are  ye  of  a  race  to  deserve  that  this  or  any  other  evil 
should  betide  ye !  By  this  time  the  women  began  to  come  to 
themselves,  but  they  could   not  speak,   for  their   hearts    were 
breaking.      And    Felez   Munoz   called   out   to    them,   Cousins? 
Cousins !  Doiia  Elvira !  Dona  Sol !  for  the  love  of  God  rouse 
yourselves  that  we  may  get  away  before  night  comes,  or  the 
wild  beasts  will  devour  us !  and  they  came  to  themselves  and 
began  to  open  their  eyes,  and  saw  that  he  who  spake  to  them 


268  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Avas  Felez  Munoz;  and  he  said  to  them,  For  the  love  of  God 
vni 
s*,.v^    take  heart  and  let  us  be  gone ;  for  the  Infantes  will  soon  seek  for 

me,  and  if  God  do  not  befriend  us  we  shall  all  be  slain.     And 
Dona  Sol  said  to  him  in   her   great    pain.   Cousin,  for  all  that 
our  father  hath  deserved  at  your  hands,  give  us  water,    Felez 
Munoz    took   his  hat   and  filled  it  with  water  and  gave  it  to 
them.     And  he  comforted  them  and  bade  them  take  courage, 
and  besought  them  to  bear  up.     And  he  placed  them  upon  his 
horse,  and   covered  them  both    with   his  cloak,  and  led    them 
through  the  oak  forest,  into  the  thickest  part  thereof,  and  there  he 
made  a  bed  of  leaves  and  of  grass,  and  laid  them  on  it,  and  co- 
vered them  with  his  cloak,  and  he  sate  down  by  them  and  be- 
gan to  weep,,  for  he  knew  not  what  he  should  do ;  for  he  had  no 
food,  and  if  he  went  to  seek  it,  great  danger  was  there  because 
they  were  wounded   and  bloody,  that  the  wild  beasts  and  the 
^oema  del    bLsds  of  thc  mountaiu  would   attack   them ;  and  on  the  other 
ctd.^2774.    j^jjj^j^  unless  he  went  to  his   uncle  the  Cid,  to  tell  him  of  this 
cap'.ilo. '  '  wickedness,  none   other  knew  what  had  been  done,  and  thus 
f/297."      there  Avould  be  no  vengeance  taken. 

How  Pen         XVI.     While   Felez  Munoz  was  in  this  great  trouble  the  In- 
the  other      fantes  joined  their  company,  and  their  spurs  were  bloody  and 

knights  de-  ii-ii  ii-  i*« 

tied  the  In.  thcir  hauds  also  from  the  wounds  whicli  they  had  given  theiJ"  wives. 
And  when  their  people  saw  them  in  this  plight,  and  that  theii 
wives  were  not  with  them,  they  weened  that  some  wickedness 
had  been  done ;  and  all  they  who  Avere  of  good  heart  and  un- 
derstanding among  them  went  apart,  to  the  number  of  an 
hundred,  with  one  who  was  named  Pero  Sanchez  ;  and  he  spake 
unto  them,  saying,  Friends,  these  Infantes  have  done  a  foul 
deed  upon  their  wives,  the  daughters  of  our  Lord  the  Cid ;  and 
they  are  our  liege  Ladies,  for  we  did  homage  to  them  before 
Mieir  father,  and  accepted  them  as  such ;  and  the  Cid  made  us 
knights  that  we  should  discharge  the  duty  which  we  owe  to 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ggg 

them.  NoAV  then,  it  beho\ eth  us  that  we  arm  ourselves,  and  BOOK 
demand  of  the  Infantes  what  they  have  done  with  our  ladies,  ^^1^" 
and  require  them  at  their  hands.  And  if  they  will  not  deliver 
them  to  us,  then  will  Ave  fight  against  them  even  to  death ;  for 
thus  shall  we  do  right,  and  otherwise  we  shall  be  ill  spoken  of, 
and  not  worthy  to  live  in  the  world.  This  was  the  counsel  which 
Pero  Sanchez  gave,  and  they  all  held  it  good  and  did  accordingly. 
And  the  Infantes,  when  they  saw  them  coming  and  heard  tlieir 
demand,  Avere  greatly  afraid,  and  they  said,  Go  to  the  fountain 
in  the  Oak-forest  of  Cc  rpes,  and  there  ye  may  find  them ;  we 
left  them  safe  and  sound,  and  no  harm  have  Ave  done  unto  them  ; 
but  Ave  Avould  not  take  them  Avith  us.  Ill  have  ye  done,  replied 
those  knights,  to  forsake  such  Avives,  and  the  daughters  of  such 
a  father,  and  ill  will  ye  fare  for  it!  And  from  henceforAvard,  vre 
renounce  all  fiiendship  Avith  ye,  and  defy  ye  for  the  Cid,  and 
for  ourselves,  and  for  all  his  people.  And  the  Infantes  could  not 
reply.  And  Avhen  they  saAv  that  the  Infantes  did  not  ansAver,  they 
said.  Get  ye  gone  for  traitors  and  false  caitiffs  ;  there  is  no  Avay 
in  the  Avorld  by  Avhich  ye  can  escape  from  the  enemies  Avhom  ve 
have  now  made!  But  for  all  this  the  Infantes  made  no  reolv.  %T''i^- 
and  Avent  their  Avay.  ff-  '^^t- 

XVII.     Pero   Sanchez   and  those    other  knights  rode   back  „„„  t^,„ 
to  the  green  laAvn  in  the  Oak-forest,  Avhere  they  had  left  the  ]t£tZ^' 
dames;  and  Avhen  they  came  to  the  fountain  they  saAvthat  there  ^^nl^"  ^* 
Avas  blood  round  about,  but  the  dames  Avere  not  there;    and 
they  Avere  greatly  troubled,  and  kncAv  not  where  to  seek  them. 
And  they  Avent  about  the   forest   seeking   them,    calling  them 
aloud,  and  making  great  lamentation  for  the  ill  that  had  befallen, 
and  also,  because  they  could  not  find  them.    Noav  Felez  Muiioz 
and  the  Avomen  heard  tlieir  voices,  and  Avcre  in  great  fear,   for 
they  Aveened    that    it    Avas    the    Infantes  and    their  company, 
who  Avere  returned  Avith  intent  to  kill  thera ;  and  in  their  great. 


QJQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  fear  they  remained  still,  and  would  fain  have  been  far  from  that 

V^  T  I T 

.^>-v<^  place.  So  Ptro  Sanchez  and  they  who  were  with  him  went 
about  seeking  them  in  vain.  Then  spake  up  a  knight  called 
Martin  Ferrandez,  who  was  a  native  of  liurgos,  saying,  Friends, 
it  boots  us  to  turn  back  from  hence  and  follow  after  the  In- 
fantes, and  do  battle  with  them,  even  unto  death,  because  of  this 
wickedness  which  they  have  committed,  rather  than  return  to 
tlie  Cid  ;  for  if  we  do  not  strive  to  take  vengeance,  we  are  not 
worthy  to  appear  before  him.  And  if,  peradventure,  we  cannot 
come  up  with  them  upon  the  road,  let  us  go  before  the  King 
Don  Alfonso,  and  discover  unto  him  this  foul  deed,  and  tell  him 
the  truth  thereof,  to  the  intent  that  he  may  order  justice  to  be 
done  for  such  a  thing ;  for  certes,  greatly  will  he  be  troubled 
when  he  knoweth  it,  and  greatly  will  he  be  incensed  against 
them,  inasmuch  as  he  it  was  who  besought  the  Cid  to  give  them 
his  daughters  to  wife.  And  Ave  will  not  depart  from  the  King's 
house,  nor  take  unto  ourselves  any  other  Lord  till  the  Cid  shall 
have  obtained  justice  in  this  matter.  And  all  those  knights  held 
this  counsel  to  be  good,  and  agreed  to  do  so.  And  they  took 
their  way  and  followed  after  the  Infantes  as  fast  as  they  could, 
taking  no  rest ;  but  the  Infantes  had  ridden  away  full  speed, 
and  they  could  not  overtake  them.  And  when  they  saw  this  they ' 
went  their  way  to  King  Don  Alfonso  who  was  at  Palencia,  and 
they  came  before  him  and  kissed  his  hands,  and  then  with  sorrow- 
ful hearts  told  him  of  the  evil  which  had  betallen  the  Cid,  in  this 
dishonour  done  unto  his  daughters  by  the  Infantes  of  Carrion. 
And  when  the  King  heard  it  he  was  grievously  otfended,  as  one 
who  had  great  part  therein  ;  and  he  said  unto  them.  It  must  needs 
be,  that  before  many  days  we  shall  receive  tidings  of  tliis  from 
the  Cid  Campeador,  and  then  upon  his  complaint  we  will  enter 

c4'.'  ^4^.^'  into  the  business  in  such  wise,  that  every  one  shall  have  justice. 

f!w'"    Tlien  Pero  Sanchez  and  the  other  knights  kissed  the  King's  hands 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  g^l 

for  what  he  had  said ;  and  they  abode  in  his  court,  waiting  tidings  BOOK 
from  the  Cid.  Vlii. 

XVIII.     When  Felez  Murioz  saw  that  the  voices  which  they  Hoi^Fdez 
heard  had  ceased,  he  Avent  after  a  while  to  a  village  which  was  jouZ'agood 

I  -1  if~*         1/^11  mail  'who 

at  hand,  to  seek  tood  for  the  dames  and  for  himself;  and  in  this  '""^  ^he 

,  (lames  to  his 

manner  he  kept  tliem  for  seven  days.     And  in  that  village  he  '"'"''• 
found  a  good  man,  Avho  was  a  husbandman,  and  who  lived  a 
godly  hfe  with  his  Avife  and  Avith  his  daughters ;  and  this  good 
man  kncAv  the  Cid  Kuydiez,  for  the  Cid  had  lodged  in  his  house, 
and  he  had  heard  tell  of  his  o-reat   feats.      And   Avhen    Felez 
Munoz  kneAv  this  he  took  the  man  aside,  seeing  hoAV  good  a  man 
he  was,  and  hoAv  well  he  spake  of  the  Cid,   and  told  him  what 
had  befallen  those  dames,  and  hoAv  he  had  hidden  them  in  the 
Avood.     And  Avhen  the  good  man  heard  it  he  had  great  ruth  for 
them,  but  he  held  himself  a  happy  man  in  that  he  could  do 
them  service;  and  he  took  tAvo  asses  and  Avent  Avith  Felez  Munoz 
to  the  place  Avhere  they  Avere  hidden,  and  took  Avith  him  his 
tAvo  sons,  Avho  were  young  men.     And  Avhen  the  dames  saAv  them 
they   marA'elled  who  they  might   be,   and   Avere   ashamed  and 
would  haA'e  hidden  themselves;  but  they  could  not.     And   the 
good   man  bent    his  knees  before   them,   Aveeping,    and   said, 
Ladies,  I  am  at  the  sen'ice  of  the  Cid  your  father,  who  hath 
many  times  lodged  in  my  house,  and  I  served  him  the  best  I 
could,  and  he  alway  Avas  bountiful  toAvard  me.     And  noAv,  this 
young  man,  Avho  saith  his  name  is  Felez  Munoz,  hath  told  me 
the   gieat   wrong    and    dishonour    Avhich  your   husbands,    the 
Infaiites  of  Camon,  have  done  unto  you.     And  Avhen  I  heard  it 
I  was  moved  to  great  sorroAv,  and  for  the  gi'eat  desire  I  have  to 
do  service  to  the  Cid  and  to  you,    I  am  come  hither,  to  carry 
you,  if  you  Avill  be  so  pleased,  upon  these  beasts,  to  my  house ; 
for  you  must  not  remain  in  this  wild  forest,  Avhere  the  beasts 
would  devour  you.     And  when  you  are  there,  I  and  my  Avife 


2y2  .  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  my  daughters  will  serve  you  the  best  we  can ;  and  you  may 

<.yv^   then  send  this  squire  to  your  lather,  and  we  will  keep  you  secretly 

and  well  till  your  father  shall  send  for  you ;  this  place  is  not  fit  for 

you,  for  you  would  die  of  cold  and  hunger.    When  the  good  man 

had  said  this,  Doiia  Sol  turned  to  Dona  Elvira  and  said,   Sister, 

the  good  man  saith  well,  and  it  is  better  that  we  should  go  with 

him  than  remain  and  die  here,  for  so  shall  we  see  the  vengeance 

which  I  trust  in  God  our  father  will  give  us.     So  they  gave 

thanks  to  God,  and  to  that  good  man.     And  he  set  them  upon 

his  beasts,  and  led  them  to  the  village,  when  it  was  now  night ; 

and  they  entered  his  house  secretly,  so  that  none  knew  of  their 

coming  save  the  good  man  and  his  family,  whom  he  charged  that 

chr.ddCid.  they  should  tell  no  man  thereof.     And  there  his  wife  and  his 

cir-Gcii.    daughters  ministered  unto  them  with  pure  good  will. 

XIX.     Then  these  dames  wrote  a  letter  to  their  father  the 

How  Diego 

Teiieztook    Q^A    wliich  was  a  letter  of  credence,   that   he  should   believe 

these  dames  ' 

Lf"'^''''  t^^c  tidings  which  Felez  Mufioz  would  deliver,  and  they  wrote 
it  with  the  blood  from  their  wounds.  And  Felez  Munoz 
went  his  way  toward  Valencia ;  and  when  he  came  to  Santeste- 
ban  he  spake  with  Diego  Tellez,  who  had  been  of  the  company 
of  Alvar  Faiiez,  and  told  him  what  had  befallen.  He,  so  soon 
as  he  heard  this  great  villainy,  took  beasts  and  seemly  rai- 
ment, and  went  for  those  dames,  and  brought  them  from  the 
house  of  that  good  man "  to  Santesteban,  and  did  them  all  ho- 
nour that  he  could.  They  of  Santesteban  were  always  gentle 
men ;  and  they  comforted  the  daughters  of  the  Cid,  and  there 


•  « The  Poem  says  that  they  came  to  the  Douro,  and  he  left  them  at  the 
Tower  of  Dona  Uriaca,  and  went  on  to  Santesteban  ;  saying  notliing  of  the  '  good 
man,' . .  on  the  contrary,  both  Chronicles  say  nothing  of  Diego  Tellez.  They 
are  easily  reconciled,  by  supposing  that  one  supplies-what  the  other  omits. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^yg 

they   were   healed   of  their   hurts.     In   the   mean   time   Felez  BOOK 
Munoz   proceeded   on  his  journey ;  and  it  came   to   pass  that  v^„.^ 
he  met  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya,  and  Pero  Bermudez  on  the  way, 
going  to  the  King  with  a  present  which  the  Cid  had  sent  him  ; 
and  the  present  was  this, . .  two  hundred  horses,  from  those  which 
he    had  won   in  the   battle  of  Quarto  from   King   Bucar,    and 
an   hundred    Moorish   prisoners,  and   many  good  swords,    and 
many  rich  saddles.      And  as   Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez 
rode  on   in   talk,  they  thought  that  it  was  he,  and  marvelled 
greatly ;    and  he   when  he   drew  nigh  began   to  tear  his  hair, 
and  make  great  lamentation,  so  that  they  were  greatly  amazed. 
And  they  alighted,  asking  him  what  it  was.     And  he  related 
unto  them  all   that   had   befallen.     But  when  they  heard  this, 
who   can   tell  the  lamentation    which  they  made.''     And    they 
took  counsel   together  what  they  should  do,  and  their  counsel 
was  this,  ,  .  that  they  should  proceed  to  the  King,  and  demand 
justice  at  his  hands  in  the  name  of  the    Cid,   and  that  Felez 
Munoz  should  proceed  to  Valencia.     So  he  told  them  the  name  Pomadei 
of  the  good  man  with  whom  he  had  left  the  dames,   and  the  assa. 
place  where  he  dwelt,  and  also  how  he  had  spoken  with  Diego  «?.  244. 
Tellez  at  Santesteban,  and  then  they  parted.  i-23s. 

XX.     Alvar   Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez  held  on  their  wa}'',  howMv^t 
and  came  to  the  King,  whom  they  found  in  Valladolid.    x\nd  he  maUedjut. 
received  them  right  well,  and  asked  them  for  the  Cid,  and  they  Kingagai^t 
kissed  his  hand   and  said.  Sir,    the  Cid    commends  himself  to 
your  grace  ;    he  hath  had  a  good  affair  with  King  Bucar  of  Mo- 
rocco, and  hath  defeated  him,  and  nine  and  twenty  Kings  who 
came  with  him,  in  the  field  of  Quarto,  and  great  booty  did  he 
gain  there  in  gold  and  in  silver,  and  in  horses  and  tents  and  cat- 
tle ;  and  he  hath  slain  many  and  taken  many  prisoners.     And  in 
acknowledgment  of  you  as  his    natural   Lord,   he   sends   you 
two  hundred  horses,  and  an  hundred  black  Moors,  and  many 

2  y 


Qj^  CHRONICLE    or    THE    CID, 

BOOK  rich  saddles  and  precious  swords,  beseeching  you  to  accept 
Z^^  them  at  his  hand,  in  token  of  the  desire  he  hath  to  do  service  to 
God  and  to  you,  maintaining  the  faith  of  Jesus  Christ.  And 
King  Don  Alfonso  made  answer  and  said,  that  he  took  the 
present  of  the  Cid  with  a  right  good  will,  as  of  the  truest  and 
most  honourable  vassal  that  ever  Lord  had  :  and  he  gave  order 
to  his  people  to  receive  it,  and  bade  Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero 
Bermudez  seat  themselves  at  his  feet.  After  a  while  Alvar 
Fanez  rose  and  said.  Sir,  when  we  departed  fiom  the  Cid  we 
'  left  him  in  great  honour  and  prosperity  ;  but  on  our  way  we 

met  a  squire  Avho  is  his  nephew,  by   name   Felez   Munoz,  and 
he  hath  told  us  the  evil  and  the  dishonour  which  both  we  and 
the  Cid  endure  in  the  villainy  Avliich  the  Infantes  of  Carrion 
have    committed    upon    his  daughters.      You,   Sir,  know    hovr 
great  this  villainy  hath  been,  and  how  nearly  it  toucheth   you, 
for  the  marriage  was  of  your  appointment,  and  I  gave  them  by 
your  command  to  the  Infantes.     Pero  Sanchez   hath  told  you 
that  tliC  dames  Avere  dead,  as  he  believed  them  to  be ;  but  we. 
Sir,  know  that  they  are  yet  alive,  having  been  grievously  hurt 
and  wounded  Avith   bridles   and  spurs,  and  stript  of  their  gar- 
ments, ..  in  Avhich    plight   Felez    Munoz    found   them.      Certes 
such  a  thing  as  this  cannot  please  God  in  Heaven,  and  ought 
to  offend   you  who  are'  TiOrd   here  in  j^our  own  realm.     Now 
therefore  Ave  beseech  you   that  you   take  justice    for  yourself, 
and  oive  us   and  the  Cid  ours.     And  let  not  the  Cid  be  dis- 
honoured   in   your   time,   for   blessed   be  God,   he   hath  never 
been   dishonoured    yet,    but    hath    gone   on  alway    advancing 
in  honour  since  King  Don  Ferrando  your  father  knighted   him 
in   Coinibra.     To  tliis  the  King  made   ansAver   and  said,  God 
knoAveth  the  trouble  which  I  resent  for   this  dishonour  AvhicH 
hath   been  done   to  the  Cid,    and  the  more  I  hear  of  it  the 
more  doth  it  trouble  me,  and  many  reasons  are  there  why  it 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gy^ 

should;  for  my  own  sake,  and  for  the  sake  of  the  Cid,  and  BOOK 
for  the  sake  of  his  daughters ;  but  since  they  are  yet  ahve  the  ^^JE^ 
evil  is  not  so  great,  for  as  they  have  been  wrongfully  put  to 
shame,  notliing  meriting  such  treatment,  they  may  be  rightfully 
avenged,  as  my  Cortes  shall  deteraiine.  Moreover  it  is  a  grief 
to  me  that  my  vassals  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  should  have  erred 
so  badly  and  with  such  cruelty ;  but  since  it  hath  been  so  I 
cannot  but  do  justice.  I  hold  it  good  therefore  to  summon  them 
to  my  Cortes,  which  I  will  assemble  for  this  matter  in  Toledo, 
and  the  time  assigned  them  shall  be  three  months  from  this  day ; 
and  do  ye  tell  the  Cid  to  come  there  with  such  of  his  people 
as  he  shall  think  good.  Glad  were  Alvar  Faiiez  and  Pero 
Bermudez  of  this  reply,  and  they  kissed  his  hand,  and  dispeeded 
themselves.  And  the  King  ordered  mules  to  be  given  them 
for  the  dames,  with  right  noble  saddles  and  trappings  of  gold  cJ.'aL.' " 
and  cloth  of  gold  and  of  avooI,  with  menever  and  gris'  .  /.sisg.'"' 

XXI.  Then  Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez  went  their  HouMvar 
■way,  and  Pero  Sanchez  and  his  company  departed  with  them. /<"■"'« 
They  went  up  Val  de  Esgueva  to  Penafiel,  and  by  Roa  and 
Arrueco,  and  they  entered  the  Oak-forest  of  Corpes,  and  Pero 
Sanchez  showed  the  place  beside  the  fountain  where  the  vil- 
lainy had  been  committed ;  and  they  made  such  lamentation 
there  as  if  they  had  seen  the  dames  lie  dead  before  them.  Then 
^ode  they  to  the  village  where  the  good  man  dwelt,  and  went 
to  his  dwelling,  and  good  guerdon  did  they  give  unto  him  for 
the  sendee  which  he  had  done,  so  that  he  was  full  well  requited. 
And  they  took  with  them  the  two  sons  and  the  two  daughters 
of  the  good  man,  that  they  might  recompense   them   for  the 


'  I  do  not  pretend  to  explain  words  which  have  baffled  the  researches  of 
all  glossarists : . .  but  it  is  evident  that  ptiias  de  ve/os  e  grises  mean  these  furs 
whatever  they  may  have  been. 


qjQ  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  good  deeds  of  their  father ;  and  the  dames  gave  them  in  mar- 
v,,,^v-w  riage,   and   made  them  full  rich,  and   held  them  even  as  bro- 
thers    and    as  sisters,    because   of  the  service  which   they  had 
received  from  them.     When  it  was  known  at  Santesteban  that 
Minaya  was  coming  for  his  kinswomen,  the  men  of  that  town 
Avelcomed  him  and  his  company,    and   they    brought    him    in 
payment  the  efurcion,  that  is  to  say,   the  supper-money,  and  it 
was  full  great.     But  Minaya  would  not  accejit  it  at  their  hands, 
and  he  thanked  them  and  said,  Thanks,  men  of  Santesteban,  tor 
what  ye  have  done,  and  my  Cid  the  Campeador  will  thank  ye, 
as  I  do,  and  God  will  give  ye  your  guerdon.     Then  went  they  to 
visit  their  kinswomen,  and  when  they  saw  the  dames,  who  can 
tell  the  great  lamentation  which  was  made  on  both  sides .''  albeit 
that  they  rejoiced  to  see  each  other.     And  Minaya  said  unto  them, 
By  God,  cousins,   he  knoweth  the  truth,  and  your   father  and 
mother  know  it  also, . .  I  misdoubted  this   when  you  went  away 
with  those  false  ones ;  and  it  grieved  me  when  your  father  said 
that  he  had  given  his  consent  that  ye  should  go,  and  your  mo- 
ther gainsaid   it  also ;  but  we  could  not  prevail,  for  he  said  he 
had  consented.     Plowbeit,  since  ye  are  alive,  of  evils  let  us  be 
thankful  for  the  least:  you  have  lost  one  marriage,  and  may  gain 
a  better,  and  the  day  will  come  when  Ave  shall  avenge  ye.    That 
night  they  rested  at  Santesteban,  and  on  the  morrow  they  set 
forward  and  took  the  road  towards  Atienza,  and  the  men  of  San- 
testeban escorted  them  as  far  as  the  river  Damor,  to  do  them 
pleasure.     And  they  past  Alcoceba,   and  went  on  to  the  King's 
Ford,  and  there  took  up  their  lodging  at  the  Casa  de  Berlanga- 
On  the  morrow  they  lodged  at  Medina  Celi,  and  from   thence 
cil'Tste.    they  went  to  Molina,  and  Abengalvon  came    out  with  a   right 
cyMicid.  good  will  to  Avelcome    them,  for  love  of  the    Cid,  and  he  did 
24^5.     ■     them  all  the  honour  that  he  could.     And  it  was  accorded  be- 
i:%o.  "■    tween  them  that  the  dames  should  rest  there  some  days,  because 


RODRIGO    DIAZ   DE    BIVAR.  gyy 

of  their  weakness,  and  that  they  should  send  and  let  the  Cid  BOOK 
know  what  had  been  done.  ^^-v>l/ 

XXII.  Then  Pero  Bermudez  went  on  to  Valencia,  and  Alvar  ihwFero 
Fanez  and  the  rest  of  his  company  abode  with  the   dames  in  Ttiu^ed'o 
Molina.     And  when  Pero  Bermudez  arrived  he  found  the  Cid 
Ruydiez  just    risen   with  his    chivalry  from  dinner,  and  Avhen 
the  Cid  saw  him  he  welcomed  him  right  well ;  howbeit  he  could 
not  refrain  from  weeping;  for  before  this  Felez  Munoz  had  told 
him  all.     And  he   stroked    his  beard   and   said,  Thanks  be  to 
Christ,  the  Lord  of  this  Avorld,  by  this  beard  which  no  one  hath 
ever  cut,  the  Infantes  of  Canion  shall  not  triumph  in  this !  And 
he  began  to  take  comfort,  hearing  how  King  Don  Alfonso  had 
appointed  the  Cortes.     And  he   took  Pero  Bermudez  by  the 
hand  and  led  him  to  Dona  Ximena,  Avho  wept  greatly  at  seeing 
him,  and  said,  Ah,  Pero  Bermudez,  Avhat  tidings  bringest  thou 
of  my  daughters?  And  he  comforted  her  and  said.  Weep  not, 
Lady,  for  I  left  them  alive  and  well  at  Molina,  and  Alvar  Fanez 
with  them ;  by  God's   blessing  you  shall  have  good   vengeance 
for  them  !  Then  the  Cid  seated  himself  near  his   wife,  and  Pero 
Bermudez  took   his  seat  before  them,   and  told   them  all  that 
he  had  done,  and  how  the  King  had  summoned  them  to  the 
Cortes  at  Toledo.     And  he   said  unto  the  Cid,   My  uncle  and 
Lord,    I  know  not  what  to  say,  but  ill  is  my  luck  that  I  could 
not  take  vengeance  before  I  returned  here;  and  certes,  if  I  could 
have  found  them  I  would  have  died,  or  have  compleated  it :  but 
they  when  they  had  done  this  villainy  dared  not  appear  before 
the  King,  neither  in  his  Court,  and  therefore  he  hath  issued  this 
summons  to  them  that  they  should  come.     Manifestly  may  it  be 
seen  that  the  King  well  inclineth  to  give  you  justice,  if  you  fail 
not  to  demand  it.    Now  then  I  beseech  you  tarry  not,  but  let  us 
to  horse  and  confront  them  and  accuse  them,  for  this  is  not  a 
thing  to  be  done  leisurely.     And  the  Cid  answered  and  said, 


278  '  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Chafe  not  thyself,  Pero  Bermudez,  for  the  man  who  thinketh  by 
v,,-^^  chafing  to  expedite  his  business,  leaveth  oft  worse  than  he  began. 
Be  you  certain,  that  if  I  die  not  I  shall  take  vengeance  upon 
those  traitors,  and  I  trust  in  God  not  to  die  till  I  have  taken  it. 
Now  therefore,  give  me  no  more  anger  than  I  feel  in  my  own 
heart,  for  Felez  Munoz  hath  given  me  enough.  I  thank  my  Lord 
King  Don  Alfonso  for  the  answer  Avhich  he  gave  you,  and. for 
appointing  the  Cortes,  and  in  such  guise  will  I  appear  there  as 
shall  gall  them  who  wish  ill  to  me.  God  willing,  we  will  take 
our  departure  in  good  time !  Do  you  now  return  to  Molina,  and 
rocma  dd    i-jj-ij^o-  on  my  dau2i;htcrs,   for  I  would  fain  see  them ;  and  I  will 

Clii.  2639.  O  »/  O  -■ 

cVr^eicid.  talk  with  them  that  they  may  tell  me  the  whole  truth  of  this 
^Te  "'■  thing,  that  I  may  knoAV  the  whole  when  I  go  to  the  court  of  the 
/.  290™'    the  King  to  demand  vengeance. 

How  the  XXIII.     Pero  Bermudez  returned  the  next  day  to  Molina, 

turnedto     whcre  Abengalvon  had  done  great  honour  to  the  dames,  and  to 

Alvar  Fanez,  and  all  that  were  with  him.     And  they  departed 

from  Molina,  and  Abengalvon  with  them,  for  he  would  not  leave 

them  till  he  had  brought  them  to  Valencia  to  his  Lord  the  Cid. 

And  when  the  Cid  knew  that  they  were  drawing  nigh  he  rode 

out  two  leagues  to   meet  them,  and  when  they  saw  him  they 

made  great  lamentation,  they  and  all  his  company,  not  only  the 

Christians  but  the  Moors  also  who  were  in  his  service.     But  my 

Cid  embraced  his  daughters,  and  kissed  them  both,   and  smiled 

and  said,  Ye  are  come,  my  children,  and  God  Avill  heal  you!  I 

accepted  this  marriage  for  you,  but  I  could  do  no  other;  by  God's 

pleasure  ye  shall  be  better  mated  hereafter.      And  when  they 

reached  Valencia  and  went  into  the   Alcazar  to  their  mother 

pctmadei    DoHa  Xlmcua,  who  can  tell  the  lamentation  which  was  made 

2905!'  ^^  "  by  the  mother  over  her  daughters,  and  the  daughters  with  their 

tap  246     mother,  and  by  the  women  of  their  household.     Three  days  did 

f.m'"'    this  great  lamentation  last.     And  the  Cid  thanked  Abengalvon, 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


279 

his  vassal,  for  the  honour  which  he  had  shown  to  his  children  and  BOOK 
their  company,  and  promised  to  protect  him  from  all  y>^ho  should   i!!^ 
come  against  him.     And  Abengalvon  returned  to  Molina  well 
pleased. 


^  ■i   -a^e  '^ 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  NINTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 


BOOK      I-     My  Cid   the  Campeador  made  ready  to  appear  at  the 

^^-      Cortes  in  Toledo,  and  he  left  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  and 

Howthecid  Martin  Pelaez  the  Asturian,  to  command  in  Valencia,  and  five 

aepurtedfor  ' 

the  Cortes.  \^y^^-^^yQ^  kniglits  With  them,  all  hidalgos.  And  he  spake  with 
his  daughters,  and  commanded  and  besought  them  to  tell  him 
the  whole  truth,  how  this  matter  had  been,  and  not  say  the 
thing  which  was  false ;  and  they  did  accordingly,  and  related  unto 
him  all,  even  as  it  had  befallen  them.  And  the  Cid  departed 
from  Valencia,  and  with  him  went  Alvar  Faiiez  Minaya  with 
two  hundred  knio-hts,  and  Pero  Bermudez  with  one  hundred, 
and  Martin  Antolinez  Avith  fift}'^,  and  Martin  Fernandez  with 
other  fifty,  and  Felez  Ferruz  and  Benito  Sanchez  with  fifty 
each ; . .  these  were  five  hundred  knights.  And  there  Avent  fifty 
with  Martin  Garcia  and  Martin  Salvadorez,  and  fifty  with 
Pero  Gonzalvez  and  Martin  Munoz,  and  Diego  Sanchez  of 
Arlanza  went  with  fifty,  and  Don  Nuiio,  he  Avho  colonized  Cu- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ggj 

biella,  and  Alvar  Bermudez  he  who  colonized  Osma,  went  with  BOOK 
forty,   and   Gonzalo    Mimoz    of  Orbaneja,    and    Muno    Ravia,    Ji^ 
and  Yvafiez  Cornejo  with  sixty,  and  INIuno  Fernandez  the  Lord 
of  Monteforte,  and  Gomez  Fernandez  he.  Avho  colonized  Pam- 
phega  with  sixty ;  and  Don   Garcia  de  Roa  and  Serrazin  his 
brother,  Lord   of  Aza,   with  ninety ;  and    Antolin    Sanchez    of 
Soria  took  with  him  forty  knights  who  were  his  children  or  his 
kin  : . .  nine  ^  hundred  knights  were  they  in  all.      And  there  Avent 
Avith  them  five  hundred  esquires  on  foot,    all  hidalgos,    beside 
those  who  Avere  bred  in  liis  household,  and  beside  other  foot- 
men, who  Averemany  in  number.  All  these  Avent  well  clad  in  ri^ht 
good  garments,  and  Avith  good  horses,  to  serve  the  Cid  both  in  SlI?^"^' 
the  Cortes  and  in  war.  f-lgf^' 

11.    King  Don  Alfonso  made  no  delav,  but  sent  out  his  letters  „    .  , 

•'  now  the  In- 

through  Leon  and  Santiago,  to  the  PortuoTieze    and  the   G ali- •(""'T'^" 

<-?  o  "**     Jain  have 

cians,  and  they  of  Canion,  and  the  Castillians,  that  he  would  hold  iTJt 
a  Cortes  in  Toledo  at  the  end  of  scA^en  weeks,  and  that  they  Avho 
did  not  appear  should  no  longer  be  accounted  his  vassals.  At  this 
greatly  Avere  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  troubled,  for  they  feared 
the  coming  of  my  Cid  the  Campeador.  And  they  took  coun- 
sel Avith  their  kin  and  prayed  the  King  that  he  Avould  hold  them 
excused  from  that  Cortes;  and  the  King  made  ansAver,  that 
nothing  but  God  should  excuse  them  from  it,  for  the  Campeador 
Avas  coming  to  demand  justice  against  them,  and  he,  quoth 
the  King,  Avho  Avill  not  appear,  shall  quit  my  kingdoms.  So 
Avhen  they  saAv  that  they  must  needs  appear,  they  took  coun- 
sel Avith  the  Count  Don  Garcia,  the  enemy  of  my  Cid,  Avho 
ahvay  Avished  him  ill,  and  they  went  Avith  the  gi-eatest  company  ffp'**'- 


'  The  number  is  not  accurate,  and  the  Chronica  General,  which  differs  in  the 
detail,  is  also  erroneous  in  the  sum  total. 

2  o 


282  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  that  they  could  assemble,  thinking  to  dismay  my  Cid  the  Cam- 
-oos-/    peador.     And  they  arrived  before  him. 
ofthemM.      III.     When  my  Cid  drew  niffh  unto  Toledo,  he  sent  Alvar 

Img  between     -p,    „  „ 

the  Cid  and  t  iinez  forward  to  kiss  the  King's  hand,  and   let  him  wit  that 

the  King.  O  ' 

he  should  be  there  that  night.  When  the  Kino-  heard  this  it 
rejoiced  his  heart,  and  he  took  horse  and  went  out  with  a 
great  company  to  meet  him  who  was  born  in  happy  hour; 
and  there  went  with  him  his  sons-in-law,  the  Count  Don  An- 
rrich,  and  the  Count  Don  Remond  ;  this  one  was  the  father 
of  the  good  Emperor  '^.  When  they  came  in  sight,  the  Cid 
dismounted  and  fell  to  the  ground,  and  would  have  abased 
himself  to  honour  his  Lord,  but  the  King  cried  out  to  him 
and  said,  By  St.  Isidro  this  must  not  be  to-day !  Mount, 
Cid,  or  I  shall  not  be  well  pleased!  I  Avelcome  you  with  heart 
and  soul ;  . .  and  my  heart  is  grieved  for  your  grief.  God 
send  that  the  court  be  honoured  by  you !  Amen,  said  my 
Cid  the  Campeador,  and  he  kissed  liis  hand,  and  afterwards 
saluted  him.  And  the  Cid  said,  I  thank  God  that  I  see  you, 
Sir;  and  he  humbled  himself  to  Count  Don  Anrrich,  and 
Count  Don  Remond,  and  the  others,  and  said,  God  save  all 
our  friends,  and  chiefly  you.  Sir!  my  wife  Dona  Ximena 
kisses  your  hand,  and  my  daughters  also,  that  this  thing 
which  hath  befallen  us,  may  be  found  displeasing  unto  you. 
And  the  King  said.  That  will  it  be,  unless  God  prevent.  So 
they  rode  toward  Toledo.  And  the  King  said  unto  him,  I 
have  ordered  you  to  be  lodged  in  my  Palaces  of  Galiana,  that 
you  may    be    near    me.     And  the  Cid  answered,    Gramercy, 


*  Aquestefue  padre  del  buen  Emperador. 

Poema  del  Cid.  3014. 
This  line  looks  as  if  the '  Good  Emperor '  were  reigaing  when  it  was  written. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  qqo 

Sir!  God  grant  you  long  life  and  happy,  but  in  your  Palaces  BOOK 
there  is  none  who  should  be  lodged  save  you.    When  you  hold   ^^' 
your  Cortes  let  it  be  in  those  Palaces  of  Galiana,  for  there  is 
better  room  there  than  in  the  Alcazar.     I   will  not  cross  the 
Tagus    to-night,     but    will   pass   the   night  in    St.  Servans    on 
this  side,  and  hold  a  vigil  there.     To-morrow   I  will    enter  the 
city,  and  be  in  the  court  before  dinner.     The  King  said  that  it 
pleased   him    well,  and    he    returned    into   Toledo.       And   the 
Cid  went  into  the  Church  of  St.  Servans,  and  ordered  candles 
to  be  placed  upon  the  altar,  for  he   would  keep  a  vigil  there ; 
and  there  he  remained  with  Minaya  and  the  other  good  ones, 
praying  to  the   Lord,  and   talking   in    private.     The  tents   of  p„e„„<?ei 
his  company  were  pitched   upon  the  hills  round  about.     Any  3^o6:,'°"'" 
one  who  beheld  them  might  well  have  said,  that  it  looked  like  ci?  t'?':"'' 
a  great  host.  ^''^.T' 

IV.     When  the  King  entered  tlie  city,  he  bade  his  seneschal  HoiotheCid 
'Benito  Perez,  make  ready  tlie  Palaces  of  Galiana  for  the  next  'eluof  ^ 
day,  when  the  Cortes  should    begin ;    and  he  fitted  the  great  K.'" "" 
Palace   after    this    manner.     He   placed   estrados  with  carpets 
upon  the  ground,  and  hung  the  Avails  with  cloth  of  gold.     And 
in  the  highest  place  he  placed  the  royal  chair  in  which  the  King 
should  sit ;  it  was  a  right  noble  chair  and  a  rich,  which  he 
had  won  in  Toledo,  and  which  had  belonged  to  the  Kings  there- 
of; and  round  about  it  right  noble  estrados  were  placed  for  the 
Counts  and  honourable  men  who    were   come  to  the    Cortes. 
Now  the  Cid  knew  how  they  were  fitting   up  the  Palaces    of 
GaUana,  and  he  called  for  a  squire,  who  was    a  young  man, 
one  whom  he  had  brought  up  and  in  whom  he  had  great,  trust ;  he 
Avas  an  hidalgo,  and  hight  Ferran  Alfonso:  and  the  Cid  bade  him 
take  his  ivory  seat  which  he  had  Avon  in  Valencia,  and  Avhich  had 
belonged  to  the  Kings  thereof,  and  place  it  in  the  Palace,  in  the 
best  place,  near  the  seat  of  the  King;  and  that  none  might  hurt 


084  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOO  K  or  do  dishonour  unto  it,  he  gave  him  a  hundred  squires,  all  hi- 
^.jrsr^    dalgos,    to  go  with  him,  and  ordered  them  not  to  leave  it  till 
he  should  come  there  the  next  day.     So  when  they  had  dined» 
they  made  the  seat  be  taken  up,  and  went  with  it  to  the  Palaces 
of  Galiana,  and  placed  it  near  the  seat  of  the   King,  as  the 
Cid  had  commanded  ;  and  all  that  day  and  night  they  remain- 
ed   there    guarding  the  ivory  seat,    till    the   Cid   should   come 
and  take  his  place  thereon ;  every   one  having  his  sword  hung 
from  his  neck.    This  was  a  rioht  noble  seat,  and  of  subtle  work, 
so  that  whoso  beheld  it  would  say   it  was  the    seat  of  a  good 
cap? 248.'    man,  and  that  it  became    such   a  one  as  the  Cid.     It  was  co- 
/.  392."'    vered  with  clotli  of  gold,  underneath  which  was  a  cushion^  . 
Of  the  strife      V.     Ou  the  uiorrow,  after  the  King  had  heard  mass,  he  went 
about  t^Hse  luto  tlic  Palacc  of  Galiana,   where  the  Cortes  was  to   assemble, 
theivonjseat.  aud  tlic  lufautcs  of  Canion  and  the  other  Counts   and   Ricos- 
omes   with  him,    save  the  Cid   who  was   not  yet  come ;    and 
when  they  who  did  not  love  the  Cid  beheld  his  ivory  seat,  they 
began   to  make  mock  of  it.     And  Count   Garcia   said  to  the 
King,  I  beseech  your   Grace,  tell  me,  for  whom  that  couch  is 
spread  beside  your  seat :    for  what  dame  is  it  made  ready  ;  will 
she  come  drest    in  the  almexia . .  or  with  white    alqtiinales   on 
her  head,  or  after  Avhat  fashion  will  she  be  apparelled  '^  Si]-,   a 
seat  like  that  is   fit  for   none  but  your   Grace  :    give  order  to 
take  it  for  yourself,  or  that  it   be  removed.     When  Ferran  Al- 
fonso,  who  was   there   to  guard  the   ivory  seat  heard  this,  he 
answered   and    said,  Count,  you  talk  full  foolishly,  and  speak 
ill  of  one  against  whom  it  behoves  you  not  to  talk.     He  who  is 


*  Cohierto  de  un  tartari  muy  noble.  This  I  am  unable  to  explain.  It  may 
have  been  the  name  of  some  skin  or  leather,  called  from  the  country  from  whence 
it  came,  as  we  speak  of  Morocco  and  Russia. 


HODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


285 


to  sit  upon  this  seat  is  better  than  you,   or  than   all  your  line-  BOOK 
age;    and  he    hath  ever  appeared  a  man  to  all  his  enemies,  vj^ 
not  like    a  Avoman  as  you  say.     If  you  deny  this   I   will   lay 
hands    upon   you,   and  make  you  acknowledge   it   before    my 
Lord  the  King  Don  Alfonso,  who  is  here  present.    And  I  am  of 
such  a  race  that  you  cannot  acquit  yourself  by  saying  I  am 
not  your  peer,  and  the  vantage  of  half  your  arms  I   give  you ! 
At  these  words  was  the  King  greatly  troubled,  and  the  Counts 
also,    and   all   the   honourable  men   Avho  Avcre    there    present. 
And  Count  Garcia  who  was  an  angry  man,  wrapt  his  mantle 
under  his  arm,  and  Avould  have  struck  Ferran  Alfonso,  saying. 
Let  me  get  at  the  boy  who  dares  me !    And    Ferran   Alfonso 
laid  hand  upon  his  sword  and  came  forward  to  meet  him,  sayino-, 
that  if  it  Avere  not  for  the  King,  he  Avould  punish  him  there- 
right   for   the    folly    Avhich   he    had    uttered.       But   the    Kinff 
seeing  that  these  Avords  Avent  on  from  bad  to  Avorse,  put  them 
asunder  that  farther  evil  might  not  happen,  and  he  said,  None 
of  ye  have  reason  to  speak  thus  of  the  seat  of  the  Cid  ;  he  Avon 
it  like  a  good  knight  and  a  valiant,   as  he  is.      There  is  not 
a  King  in  the  Avorld  Avho  deserves  this  seat  better  than  my  vassal 
the  Cid,  and  the  better  and  more  honourable  he  is,  the  more  am 
I  honoured  through  him.     This  seat  he  won  in  Valencia,  Avhere  it 
had  belonged  to  the  Kings  thereof:  and  much  gold  and  silver, 
and  many  precious  stones  hath  he  Avon  ;  and  many  a  battle  hath 
he    Avon    both  against    Christians    and    Moors  :    and  of  all  the 
spoil  Avhich  he  hath  Avon,  he  hath  alway    sent  me   part,   and 
great  presents  and  full  rich,  such  as  never  other  vassal  sent  to  his 
Lord;  and  this  he  hath  done  in  acknoAvledgment  that  I  am 
his  Lord.     Ye  Avho  are   talking  here  against  him,  Avhich  of  ye 
hath  ever  sent  me  such  gifts  as  he  ?    If  any  one  be  envious,  let 
him  atchieve  such  feats  as  he  hath  done,  and  I  Avill  seat  him  «p-249-" 
with  myself  to  do  mm  honour.  f.  292- 


285  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID, 

BOOK       VI.    Now  the  Cid  had  performed  his  vigil  in  the  Church  of 

s^-v-L/    St.  Servan,  matins  and  primes  were  said,  and  mass  performed ; 

andhis    '    and  then  he  made  ready  to  go  to  the   Cortes,  and  with  him 

pareiied       Went  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya,  Avhom  he  called  his  right  arm,  and 

■  and  want  to  Pcro  Bcrmudcz,  and  Miino  Gustios,   and  Martin  Antolinez  that 

tht  Cortet. 

doughty  Burgalese,  and  Alvar  Alvarez,  and  Alvar  Salvadorez, 
and  Martin  Munoz,  and  Felez  Muiioz  the  Cid's  nephew,  and 
Malanda  who  Avas  a  learned  man,  and  Galin  Garciez  the  good 
one  of  Aragon :  these  and  others  made  ready  to  go  with  him, 
being  an  hundred  of  the  best  of  his  company.  They  wore 
velmezes  under  their  harness,  that  they  might  be  able  to  bear 
it,  and  then  their  mail,  Avhich  was  as  bright  as  the  sun :  over 
this  they  had  ermine  or  other  skins,  laced  tight  that  the  armour 
might  not  be  seen,  and  under  their  cloaks,  their  swords  which 
were  *  sweet  and  sharp.  He  who  Avas  born  in  happy  hour  made 
no  tarriance ;  he  drew  on  his  legs  hose  of  fine  cloth,  and  put  on 
over  them  shoes  Avhich  Avere  richly  Avorked.  A  shirt  of  ranzal 
he  wore,  Avhich  Avas  as  Avhite  as  the  sun ;  all  the  fastenings  Avere 
Avrought  Avith  gold  and  silver :  over  this  Sibrial  of  gold  tissue ;  and 
over  this  a  red  skin  Avith  points  of  gold.  My  Cid  the  Campeador 
alway  wore  it.  On  his  head  he  had  a  coif  of  scarlet  Avrought  Avith 
gold,  Avhich  was  made  that  none  might  clip  the  hair  of  the  good 
Cid.  His  was  a  long  beard,  and  he  bound  it  Avith  a  cord.  And 
he  bade  Alvar  Fanez  and  Pero  Bermudez  assemble  their  com- 
panions, and  when  he  saAv  them  he  said.  If  the  Infantes  of 
Carrion  should  seek  a  quarrel,  Avhere  I  have  a  hundred  such  as 
these  I  may  be  Avell  Avithout  fear !  And  he  said,  Let  us  mount 
noAV  and  go  to  the  Cortes.     We  go  to  make  one  defiance,  and 


■•  This  savage  epithet  is  explained  by  Sanchez  in  his  glossary  to  the  Poem, 
with  excellent  dulnessj . .  adjetivo  que  se  aplicaba  a  la  espada  blen  ajilada. 


HODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ggy 

peradrenture  it  may  be  two  or  three,  through  the  folly  of  tliose  BOOK 
who  may  stii*  against  us.     Ye  will  be  ready  to  aid  me,  saying    J^ 
and  doing  as  I  shall  call  upon  ye,  alway  saving  the  honour  and  Poemadei 
authority  of  King  Don  Alfonso  om'  Lord ;  see  now  that  none  sn4^°'°' 
of  ye  say  or  do  ought  amiss,  for  it  would  be  unseemly.     Then  c^p'^'io."'' 
called  he  for  his  horee,  and  bestrode  it,  and  rode  to  the  Cortes,    ff-'^^"' 

VII.    My  Cid  and  his  company  alighted  at  the  gate  of  the  Ho>oth.K,ng 
Palaces  of  Galiana  %  and  he  and  his  people  went  in  gravely,  he  '^'ol'lf' 
in  the  midst  and  his  hundred  knights  round  about  him.    AVhen  ''"'"""'' 
he  who  was  born  in  happy  hour  entered,  the  good  King  Don 
Alfonso  rose  up,  and  the  Counts  Don  Anrrich  and  Don  Remond 
did  the  like,  and  so  did  aU  the  others,  save  the  curly-headed 
one  of  Granoji,  and  they  who  were  on  the  side  of  the  Infantes 
of  Carrion.     All  tlie  others  received  him   with  great  honour. 
And  he  said  unto  the  King,  Sir,  whei'e  do  you  bid  me  sit  with 
these  my  kinsmen  and  friends  who  are  come  with  me.?  And  the 
King  made  answer,  Cid,  you  are  such  a  one,  and  have  past 
your  time  so  well  to  this  day,  that  if  you  would  listen  to  me  and 
fee  commanded  by  me,  I  should  hold  it  good  that  you  took  your 
seat  with  me ;  for  he  who  hath  conquered  Kings,  ought  to  be 
seated  with  Kings.   But  the  Cid  answered.   That,  Sir,  would  not 
please  God,  but  I  Avill  be  at  your  feet :  for  by  the  favour  of  the 
King  your  father  Don  Ferrando  was  I  made,  his  creature  and 
the  creature  of  your  brother  King  Don  Sancho  am  I,  and  it 
beJioveth  not  that  he  who  receiveth  bounty  should  sit  with  him 
who  dispenseth  it.     And  the  King  answered.  Since  you  will  not 
sit  with  me,  sit  on  your  ivory  seat,  for  you  won  it  like  a  good 
man;  and  from  this  day  I  order  that  none  except  King  or  Pre- 


'   Both  the  Chronicles  make  him  carry  his  whole  nine  hundred  knights  to 
the  Cortes.    The  Poem  is  more  reasonable. 


288  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  late  sit  with  you,  for  you  have  conquered  so  many  high-born 

,^^Y-i-'   men,  and  so  many  Kings,  both  Christians  and  Moors,  that  for 

this  reason  there  is  none  who  is  your  peer,  or  ought  to  be  seated 

Avith  you.     Sit  therefore  hke  a  King  and  Lord  upon  your  ivory 

seat  °.     Then  the  Cid  kissed  the  King's  hand,  and  thanked  him 

for  what  he  had  said,  and  for  the  honour  which  lie  had   done 

him ;    and  he  took  his  seat,  and   his  hundred   knights   seated 

Focma  dd    themselves  round  about  him.     All  who  were  in  the  Cortes  sate 

sis';.     '   looking  at  my  Cid  and  at  his  long  beard  which  he  had  bound 

cap.  250.     with  a  cord ;  but  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  could  not  look  upon 

Chr.  Gen.  '^ 

ff.  i93        him  for  shame. 

How  the  VIII.     When  they  were  all  seated  the  King  gave  command 

pomted  Ai-  that  they  should  be  silent ;  and  when  the  Cid  saAv  that  they  were 

taldes  to  "^  "^ 

givejudg.    all  still,  he  rose  and  spake  after  this  manner.      Sir  King  Don 

merit  m  this  '  JT  O 

cause.  Alfonso,  I  beseech  you  of  your  mercy  that  you  would  hear  me, 
and  give  command  that  I  should  be  heard,  and  that  you  would 
suffer  none  to  interrupt  me,  for  I  am  not  a  man  of  speech, 
neither  know  I  how  to  set  forth  my  words,  and  if  they  interrupt 
me  I  shall  be  worse.     Moreover,  Sir,  give  command  that  none 

s.  be  bold  enough  to  utter  unseemly  words,  nor  be  insolent  towards 

me,  least  we  should  come  to  strife  in  your  presence.  Then  King 
Don  Alfonso  rose  and  said.  Hear  me,  as  God  shall  help  you  I 
Since  I  have  been  King  I  have  held  only  two  Cortes,  one  in 
Burgos,  and  one  in  Carrion.  This  thiixl  I  have  assembled  here 
in  Toledo  for  the  love  of  the  Cid,  that  he  may  demand  justice 
against  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  for  the  wrongs  which  we  all  know. 
The  Counts  Don  Anrrich  and  Don  Remond  shall  be  Alcaldes 


«    On  that  seat  which  you  gave  me  as  a  gift,  says  the  Poeaij  omitting  all  the 
previous  circumstances  about  it. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


289 


3153 
Chr.delCid. 


in  tliis  cause  ;  and  these  other  Counts  Avho  are  not  on  either  side,  BOOK 
give  ye  all  good  heed,  for  ye  are  to  take  cognizance  that  the  right  v./i^ 
may  be  decreed.     And  I  give  order,  and   forbid    any  one    to 
speak  without  my  command,  or  to  utter  ought  insolent  against 
the  Cid ;  and  I  swear  by  St.  Isidro,  that  whosoever  shall  disturb 
the  Cortes  shall  lose  my  love  and  be  banished  from  the  king- 
dom.    I  am  on  the  side  of  him  who  shall  be  found  to  have  the 
right.     Then  those  Counts  who  were  appointed  Alcaldes  were  Poem^dd- 
sworn  upon  the   Holy  Gospels,  that  they  would  judge  between    '  ^'^^' 
the  Cid  and  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  rightly  and  truly,  according  "^cap.Tsl 
to  the  law  of  Castille  and  Leon.  f.293."'' 

IX.     AVhen  this  was  done  the  King  bade  the  Cid  make  his  HoKtheCid 
demand ;  and  the  Cid  rose  and  said.  Sir,  there  is  no  reason  for  ba^kVoLda 
making  long  speeches  here,  which  would  detain  the  Cortes.     I  "" 
demand  of  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  before  you,  two  swords  which 
I  gave  into  their  keeping;  the  one  is  Colada  and  the  other  Tizona. 
I  Avon  them  like  a  man,  and  gave  them  to  the  keeping  of  the 
Infantes  that  they  might  honour  my  daughters  with  them,  and 
serve  you.     When  they  left  my  daughters  in  the  Oak-forest  of 
Corpes  they  chose  to  have  nothing    to  do  Avith    me,    and    re- 
nounced my  love ;  let  them  therefore  give  me  back  the  SAVords, 
seeing  that  they  are  no  longer  my  sons-in-laAV.     Then  the  King- 
commanded  the  Alcaldes  to  judge  upon  this  demand  according 
as  they  should  find  the  right;  and  they  took  counsel  and  judged, 
that  the  SAVords  should  be  restored  unto  the  Cid.     And  Count 
Don  Garcia  said  they  Avould  talk  concerning  it ;  and  the  Infantes 
of  Carrion  talked  apart  with  those  Avho  Avere  on  their  side,  and 
they  thought  that  they  Avere  Avell  off;  for  that  the   Cid  Avould 
demand   nothing  more  of  them,    but  Avould  leave   the    Cortes 
Avhen  he  had  recovered  the  SAvords.     So  they  brought  the  swords 
Colada  and  Tizona,  and  delivered  them  to  the  King.     The  King 
dreAv  the  SAVords,  and  the  Avhole  Court  shone  Avith  their  bright- 

2  p 


ggQ  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  ness:  their  hilts  were  of  sohd  gold;    all  the  eood  men  of  the 
^„.^^   Cortes  marvelled  at  them.    And  the  Cid  rose  and  received  them, 
and  kissed  the  King's  hand,  and  went  back  to  his  ivory  seat ; 
and  he  took  the  swords  in  his  hand  and  looked  at  them ;  they 
could  not  change  them,  for  the  Cid  knew  them  well,  and  liis 
whole  frame  rejoiced,  and  he  smiled  from  his  heart.     And  he 
laid  them  upon  his  lap  and  said,  Ah,  ray  swords,  Colada  and 
Tizona,  truly  may  I  say  of  you,  that  you  are  the  best  swords 
in  Spain  ;  and  I  won  you,  for  I  did  not  get  you  either  by  buy- 
ing or  by  barter.     I  gave  ye  in  keeping  to  the  Infantes  of  Car- 
rion that  they  might  do  honour  to  my  daughters  with  ye.     But 
ye  were  not  for  them!  they  kept  ye  hungry,  and  did  not  feed 
ye  with  flesh  as  ye  were  wont  to  be  fed.     Well  is  it  for  you  that 
ye  have  escaped  that  thraldom  and  are  come  again  to  my  hands, 
and  happy  man  am  I  to  recover  you.     Then  Alvar  Fanez  rose 
and  kissed  the  hand  of  the  Cid,  and  said,  I  beseech  you  give 
Colada  into  my  keeping  while  this  Cortes  shall  last,  that  I  may 
defend  you  therewith  :  and  the  Cid  gave  it  him  and  said.  Take 
it,  it  hath  changed  its  master  for  the  better.     And  Pero  Ber- 
mudez  rose  and  made  the  same  demand  for  the  sword  Tizona, 
and  the  Cid  gave  it  him  in  like  manner.     Then  the  Cid  laid  hand 
upon  his  beard  as  he  was  wont  to  do,  and  the  Infantes  of  Car- 
Pxmadd    rion  and  they  who  were  of  their  side  thought  that  he  meant  to 
S2I0.        disturb  the  Cortes,  and  they  were   greatly  atraid ;  but  he  sate 
cap.  252.     still  like  a  man  of  good  understandmg,  for  he  was  not  one  who 
f.  283.       did  things  lightly. 
How  the  Cid      X.     Then  the  Cid  rose  and  said.  Thanks  be  to  God  and  to 

made  his  sf-  i       /-i    i      i  i  m- 

cmddemand  yQu,  Sir  Kinff,  I  havc  recovered  my  swords  Colada  and  lizona. 

against  the      •'  ^  "^  c    r^         ■ 

hfanus.  I  have  now  another  demand  against  the  Infantes  of  Carrion. 
Kino-  Don  Alfonso,  you  Avell  know  that  it  was  your  pleasure 
to  bid  me  meet  you  at  Requeiia,  and  I  went  there  in  obedience 
to  your  command.    And  you  asked  of  me  my  daughters  in  mar- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    L>E    BIVAR.  c^q-i 

riage  for  the  Infantes,  and  I  did  not  refuse,  in  tliat  I  would  not  BOO  K 
disobey  your  command ;  and  you  bade  me  deliver  them  to  my   J^^ 
kinsman  here  Don  Alvar  Faiiez,   and  he  gave  them  to  the  In- 
fantes to  be  their  wives,  and  the  blessing  Avas  given  them  in  the 
church  of  St.  Mary,  according  to  the  law  of  Rome.     You,   Sir, 
gave  them  in  marriage,  not  I ;  and  you  did  it  for  good,  not  for 
evil ;  but  what  they  did  was  after  another  wise.  And  though  they 
are  of  great  blood  and  honourable,  yet  would  I  not  have  given  my 
daughters  to  them,  unless  in  obedience  to  your  command  ;  and 
this,  Sir,  you  well  know,. for  so  I  said  unto  you.     I  gave  them, 
w^hen  they  took  my  daughters  from  Valencia,  horses  and  mules, 
and  cups  and  vessels  of  fine  gold,  and  nmch  wrought  silver,  and 
many  noble  garments,   and  other  gifts,  three  thousand  marks  of 
silver  in  all,  thinking  that  I  gave  it  to  my  daughters  whom  I 
loved.     Now,  Sir,  since  they  have  cast  my  daughters  off,  and 
hold  themselves  to  have  been  dishonoured  in   marryino-  them, 
give  command  that  they  restore  unto  me  this  which  is  my  own, 
or  that   they  show  cause  Avhy   they  should  not.     Then  mio'ht 
3'ou  have  seen  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  in  great  chafino-.     And 
Count  Don  Remond  called  upon  them  to  speak ;  and  they  said, 
We  gave  his  swords  to  the  Cid  Campeador,   that  he  might  ask 
nothing  more  of  us,  if  it  please  the  King.     But  the  King  said 
that  they  must  answer  to  the  demand.     And   they  asked  to 
consult  together  concerning  it ;  and  the  King  bade  them  take 
counsel  and  make  answer  incontinently.     So  they  went  apart, 
and  with  them  eleven  Counts  and  Ricos-omes  who  were  on  their 
side,  but  no  right  or  reason  could  they  find  for  opposing  this 
demand  which  the  Cid  had  made.     Howbeit  Count  Don  Garcia 
spake  for  them  and  said.  Sir,  this  which  the  Cid  demands  back 
from  them,  it  is  true  that  he  gave  it,  but  they  have  expended  it 
in  your  service ;  we  hold  therefore  that  they  are   not  bound  to 
make  restit'.ition  of  it,  seeing  how  it  hath  been  expended.     Ne- 


292  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID, 

BOOK  vertheless  if  you  hold  it  to  be  lawful  that  they  should  restore  this 
v_^  money,  give  order  that  time  be  given  them  to  make  the  pay- 
ment, and  they  will  go  to  Carrion,  their  inheritance,  and  there 
discharge  the  demand  as  you  shall  decree.  When  the  Count 
had  thus  said  he  sate  down.  And  the  Cid  arose  and  said.  Sir, 
if  the  Infantes  of  Camon  have  expended  aught  in  your  service, 
it  toucheth  not  me.  You  and  the  Alcaldes  whom  you  have  ap- 
pointed have  heard  them  admit  that  I  gave  them  tliis  treasure, 
and  this  excuse  Avhich  they  set  up ;  I  pray  you  let  judgment  be 
given  Avhether  they  are  bound  to  pay  it  or  not.  Then  King  Don 
Alfonso  answered  and  said.  If  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  have  ex- 
pended aught  in  my  service,  I  am  bound  to  repay  it,  for  the 
Cid  must  not  lose  what  is  his  own :  and  he  bade  the  Alcaldes 
consult  together  and  judge  according  to  what  they  should  find 
right.  And  the  Alcaldes  having  taken  counsel  ga\e  judgment, 
that  seeing  the  Infantes  acknowledged  the  Cid  had  given  them 
this  treasure  with  his  daughters,  and  they  had  abandoned  them, 
they  must  needs  make  restitution  in  the  Cortes  of  the  King 
there-right :  and  the  King  confirmed  this  sentence,  and  the  Cid 
rose  and  kissed  the  King's  hand.  Greatly  were  the  Infantes  of 
Carrion  troubled  at  this  sentence,  and  they  besought  the  King- 
that  he  would  obtain  time  for  them  from  the  Cid,  in  Avhich  to 
make  their  payment;  and  the  King  besought  him  to  grant  them 
fifteen  days,  after  this  manner,  that  they  should  not  depart 
from  the  Court  till  they  had  made  the  payment,  and  that  the^^ 
should  plight  homage  for  the  observance  of  this.  And  the  Cid 
granted  Avhat  the  King  desired,  and  they  plighted  homage  ac- 
cordingly in  the  hands  of  the  King.  Then  made  they  their 
account  with  the  King,  and  it  was  found  that  what  they  had 
expended  for  his  service  was  two  hundred  marks  of  silver, 
and  the  King  said  that  he  would  repay  this,  so  that  there  re- 
mained  for   them  two  thousand    and   eight  hundred    to  pay. 


ROBRIGO   DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  Qg$ 

Who  can  tell  the  trouble  in  which  the  Infantes   were,  to  pay  BOOK 
this  treasure  to  the  Cid,  they  and  all  their  kindred  and  friends,    ,^"^ 
for  it  was  full  hard  for  them  to   accomplish.     And  they  took 
up  upon  trust  horses  and  mules  and  Avrought  silver,  and   other 
precious  things,  and  as  they  could  get  them,    delivered  them 
over  to  the  Cid.     Then  might  you  have  seen  many  a  good-going 
horse   brought   there,    and   many    a  good    mule,    and  many  a 
good  palfrey,    and    many    a   good  sword    with    its  mountings. 
And  they  sent  to  Carrion  to  their  father  and  mother   to  help 
them,  for  they  were  in  gi'cat  trouble :   and  they  raised  for  them  p„e„<,  ^ 
all  they  could,  so  that  they  made  up  the  sum  Avithin  the  time  3263. 

,  ,  ,  Chr.del  Cid, 

appointed.      And  then  they  thought  that  the  matter  was  at  an  cap.  253. 
end,  and  that  nothing  more  would  be  demanded  from  them.         f-  294. 
XI.     After  this  payment  had  been  made  the  Cortes  assem-  HowiheCid 

,       .  ,       made  his 

bled  again,  and  the  Kino;  and  all  the  honourable  men  bemg  each  third de- 
in  his  place,    the   Cid  rose  from  his  ivory  seat,   and  said,  Sir,  tke  in/antes. 
praise  be  to  God  and  your  favour,  I  have  recovered  my  swords, 
and  my  treasure ;  noAv  then  1  pray  you  let  this  other  demand 
be  heard  which  I  have  to    make  against  the    Infantes.     Full 
hard  it  is  for  me  to  make  it,  tliough  I  ha\e  it  rooted  in  my 
heart !   I  say  then,  let  them  make  answer  before  you,  and  tell^ 
why  it  was  that  they  besought  you  to  marry  them  Avith  my 
daughters,  and  why  they  took  them  away  from  me  from  Ya- 
lencia,  when  they  had  it  in  heart  to  dishonour  me,  and  to  strike 
them,    and    leave  them   as    they  were  left,   in    the   Oak-forest 
of  Corpes  ?  Look,    Sir,  Avhat  dishonour  they   did    them !    they 
stript  ihem  of  the  garments  which  they  had  not  given  them,  as 
if  they  had  been  bad  Avomen,  and  the  children  of  a  bad  father. 
AVith  less  than  mortal  defiance  I  shall  not  let  them  go !  . . .  How 
had  I  deserved  this.   Infantes,  at  your  hands  ?  I  gave  you  my 
daughters  to  take  Avith  you  from   V  alencia;  Avith  great  honour 
and  great  treasures  gave  I  them  unto  you ;  . .  Dogs  and  Trai- 


294  CHRONICLE.  OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  tors, . .  ye  took  them  from  Valencia  when  ye  did  not  love  them", 
v^^  and  with  your  bridles  ye  smote  and  with  your  spurs  ye  spurn- 
ed and  Avounded  them,  and  ye  left  them  alone  in  the  Oak- 
forest,  to  the  wild  beasts,  and  to  tie  birds  of  the  mountain! 
King  Don  Alfonso,  they  neither  remembered  God,  nor  you, 
nor  me,  nor  their  own  good  fortune!  And  iiere  was  fu  idled 
the  saying  of  the  wise  man,  that  harder  it  is  for  those  who  have 
no  imderstanding  to  bear  with  good  than  with  evil.  Praise  be 
to  God  and  to  your  grace,  such  a  one  am  I,  and  such  favour 
hath  God  shown  me,  from  the  day  when  I  first  had  horse  and 
arms,  until  now,  that  not  only  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  but 
saving  yourself,  Sir,  there  is  not  a  King  in  Christendom  who 
might  not  think  himself  honoured  in  marrying  Avith  either  of 
my  daughters, . .  how  much  more  then  these  traitors ! . .  I  be- 
seech you  give  me  justice  upon  them  for  the  evil  and  disho- 
nour which  they  have  done  me !  And  if  you  and  your  Cortes  will 
not  right  me,  through  the  mercy  of  God  and  my  own  good 
cause,  I  will  take  it  myself,  for  the  offence  which  they  have 
committed  against  God  and  the  faith,  and  the  truth  which 
they  promised  and  vowed  to  theii'  wives.  I  will  pull  them  down 
from  the  honour  in  which  they  now  are ;  better  men  than  they 
have  I  conquered  and  made  prisoners  ere  now !  and  with  your 
license.  Sir,  to  Carrion  will  I  follow  them,  even  to  their  inherit- 
ance, and  there  will  I  besiege  them,  and  take  them  by  the  throat, 
and  carry  them  prisoners  to  Valencia  to  my  daughters,  and  there 
make  them  do  penance  for  the  crime  which  they  have  commit- 
ted, and  feed  them  with  the  food  Avhich  they  deserve.  If  I  do  not 
perform  this,  call  me  a  flat  traitor.  When  the  King  heard  this 
he  rose  up  and  said,  tliat  it  might  be  seen  how  he  was  offended 
in  this  thing.  Certes,  Cid  Ruydiez  Campeador,  I  asked  your 
daughters  of  you  for  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  because,  as  they 
well  know,  they  besought  me  to  do  so,  I  never  having  thought 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  qq- 

thereof.     It  well   seemeth   now   that   they   were   not    pleased  BOOK 
with  this  marriage  which  I  made  at   their  request,  and  great  Jl^ 
part  of  the  dishonour  which  they  have  done  you,  toucheth  me. 
But  seeing  ye  are  here  in   my  presence,  it  is  not  fitting  that 
you  make  your  demand  in  any  other  manner  than  through  my 
Cortes ;  do  you  therefore  accuse  them,  and  let  them  acquit\hem-  p„,„,^,i 
selves  if  they  can  before  my  Alcaldes,  who  will  pass  sentence  f^t''"' 
according  to  what  is  right.    And  the  Cid  kissed  the  King's  hand,  S '.f '''• 
and  returned  to  his  place  upon  the  ivory  seat.  ff^?'"- 

XII.     Then  the  Cid  arose  and  said,  God  prosper  you.  Sir,  in  Ho^theoa 
life,  and  honour,  and  estate,  since  you  have  compassion  for  me  Si'*' 
and   for   the    dishonour   which    my    daughters    have    received. 
And  he  turned  towards  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  and  said,  Fer- 
rando  Gonzalez  and  Diego  Gonzalez,  I  say  that  ye  aie  false 
traitors  for  leaving  your  wives  as  ye  left  them  in  the  Oak-fo- 
rest ;  and  here  before  the  King  I  attaint  you  as  false  traitors, 
and   defy  you,  and  will  produce  your  peers  who  shall  prove 
it  upon   you,  and  slay  you   or   thrust  you  out  of  the  lists,  or 
make  you  confess  it  in  yom-  throats.     And  they  were  silent. 
And  the  King  said,  that  seeing  they  were  there  present,  they 
should  make  answer  to  what  the  Cid  had  said.     Then  Ferrando 
Gonzalez  the  elder  arose  and  said.  Sir,   we  are  your  subjects, 
of  your  kinodom  of  Castille,  and  of  the  best  hidalgos  therein,' 
sons  of  the  Count  Don  Gonzalo  Gonzalez ;  and  we  hold  that 
men  of  such   station  as  ourselves   were  not  well  married  Avith 
the    daughters    of    Ruydiez   of  Bivar.       And   for    this    reason 
we  forsook  them,  because  they  come  not  of  blood  fit  for  our 
wives,  for  one  lineage  is  above  another.      Touching   what  he 
says,  that  we  forsook  them,  he  saith  truly ;  and  we  hold  that 
in  so  doing  we  did  nothing  wrong,  for  they  were  not  worthy 
to  be  our  wives,  and  we  are  more  to  be  esteemed  for  having 
left  them,   than  we   were  while    they  were   wedded   with  us. 


296  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  Now  then,  Sir,  there  is  no  reason  why  we  should  do  battle 
v-<v-w  upon  this  matter  Avith  any  one.  And  Diego  Gonzalez  his 
brother  arose  and  said.  You  know,  Sir,  what  perfect  men  we 
are  in  our  lineage,  and  it  did  not  befit  us  to  be  married  with 
the  daughters  of  such  a  one  as  Ru3'diez ;  and  Avhcn  ho  had 
said  this  he  held  his  peace  and  sate  down '  .  Then  Count 
Don  Garcia  rose  and  said.  Come  away,  Infantes,  and  let  us 
leave  the  Cid  sitting  like  a  bridegroom  in  his  ivoiy  chair :  . .  he 
lets  his  beard  grow  and  thinks  to  frighten  us  with  it !  . .  The 
Campeador  put  up  his  hand  to  his  beard,  and  said,  What 
hast  thou  to  do  with  my  beard,  Count?  Thanks  be  to  God, 
it  is  long  because  it  hath  been  kept  for  my  pleasure  *  ;  never 
son  of  woman  hath  taken  me  by  it ;  never  son  of  Moor  or  of 
Christian  hath  plucked  it,  as  I  did  yours  in  your  castle  of  Cabra, 
Count,  when  I  took  your  castle  of  Cabra,  and  took  you  by  the 
beard  ;  there  was  not  a  boy  of  the  host  but  had  his  pull  at  it. 
what  I  plucked  then  is  not  yet  methinks  grown  even ! . .  And 
the  Count  cried  out  again.  Come  away,  Infantes,  and  leave  him  ! 
Let  him  go  back  to  Rio  de  Ovierna,  to  his  own  country,  and 
set  up  his  mills,  and  take  toll  as  he   used  to  do !  . .  he  is  not 


'  The  Chronica  del  Cid  inserts  here  an  account  of  the  Cid's  pedigree,  as 
given  by  the  King  in  reply  to  this  speech  of  the  Infantes.  Both  Chronicles  pro- 
ceed with  a  speech  from  Ordono,  in  which  he  tells  the  Infante  Diego  of  his 
cowardice  in  the  battle  with  King  Bucar,  and  repeats  the  story  of  the  lion. 
There  is  nothing  of  this  in  the  Poem,  and  it  is  foolishly  interpolated,  because  it 
appears  immediately  afterwards  that  none  of  the  Cid's  people,  exasperated  as  they 
were,  ventured  to  speak  till  he  commanded  them. 

All  that  the  Chronicles  attribute  to  Ordono  is  in  the  Poem  assigned  to  Felez 
Munoz,  and  this  I  have  followed. 

'  For  esa  es  luetiga  que  a  deliciofue  creada. 

Poema  del  Cid,  3294. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  297 

vour  peer  that  you  should  strive  with  him.     At  this  the  knights  BOOK 

of  the  Cid  looked  at  each  other  with  tierce  eyes  and  wrathful  ..^^^ 

countenances ;    but  ix)ne  of  them  dared  speak  till  the  Cid  bade  cTd"vJiL 

them,  because  of  the  command  which  he  had  given.  cZ'dciad. 

XIII.     When   the   Cid   saw  that  none   of  his  people  made  ITg'"'' 

answer   he    turned    to  Pero  Bermudez  and  said,  Speak,  Fero  f.'^ge'."' 

Mudo,  Avhat  art  thou  silent  for  ?    He  called  him  IMudo,  which  ^Z^Je' 

is  to  say,  Dumb-ee,  because  he  snaffled  and  stuttered  when  he  ^Tb^^T 

began  to  speak  ;  and  Pero  Bermudez  Avas  wroth  that  he  should  domiV.ni-.t 

be  so  called  before  all  that  assembly.     And  he  said,  I  tell  you 

what,  Cid,  you  always  call  me  Durab-ee  in  Court,  and  you  know 

I  cannot  help  my  words  ;  but  when  any  thing  is  to  be  done,  it 

shall  not  fail  for  me.    And  in  his  anger  he  forgot  what  the  Cid 

had  said  to  him  and  to  the  others  that  they  should  make  no  broil 

before  the  King.     And  he  gathered  up  his  cloak  under  his  arm 

and  went  up  to  the  eleven  Counts  who  were  against  the  Cid,  to 

Count  Garcia,  and  when  he  was  nigh  him  he  clenched  his  fist, 

and  gave  him  a  blow  Avhich  brought  him  to  the  ground.     Then 

was  the  whole  Cortes  in  an  uproar  by  reason  of  that  blow,  and 

many  swords  were  drawn,  and  on  one  side  the  cry  was  Cabra 

and  Granon,  and  on  the  other  side  it  was  Valencia  and  Bivar; 

but  the   strife  was  in  such  sort  that  the  Counts  in  short  time 

voided   the  Palace.     King    Don  Alfonso  meantime   cried    out 

aloud,  forbidding  them  to  fight  before  him,  and  charging  them 

to  look  to  his  honour ;   and  the  Cid  then  strove  what  he  could 

to  quiet  his  people,  saying  to  the  King,  Sir,  you  saw  that  I 

could  bear  it  no  longer,  being  thus  maltreated  in  your  presence ; 

if  it  had  not  been  before  you,  Avell  would  I  have  had  him  punished. 

Then  the  King  sent  to  call  those  Counts  Avho  had  been  driven 

out ;  and  they  came  again  to  the  Palace,  though  they  fain  w^ould 

not,  complaining  of  the  dishonour  Avhich  they   had  received. 

And  the  King  said  unto  them  that  they  should  defend  them- 

2  Q 


2^3  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  selves  with  courtesy  and  reason,  and  not  revile  the  Cid,  who 
^^E^  was  not  a  man  to  be  reviled  ;  and  he  said  that  he  would  defend 
cap.'as^"*  as  far  as  he  could  the  rights  of  both  parties.  Then  they  took 
ff!i9^"''    their  seats  on  the  estrados  as  before. 

XIV.     And  Pero  Berniudez  rose  and  said  to  Count  Garcia, 

time  the 

fh'uhT'^     Foul  mouth,  in  which  God  hath  put  no  truth,  thou  hast  dared 
^entltcel   let  thy  tonguc  loose   to  speak  of  the   Cid's   beard.     His  is   a 
Ms  matter,  pj-giseworthy  bcard,  and  an  honourable  one,   and  one  that  is 
greatly  feared,  and  that  never  hath  been  dishonoured,  nor  over- 
come !  and  if  you  please  you  may  remember  Avhen  he  fought 
against  you  in  Cabra,  hundred  to  hundred,  he  threw  you  from 
your  horse,  and  took  thee  by  the  l^eard,  and  made  thee  and 
thy  knights  prisoners,  and  carried  thee  prisoner  away  across  a 
packsaddle  ;  and  his  knights  pulled  thy  beard  for  thee,  and  I 
who  stand  here  had  a  good  handfull  of  it :  how  then  shall  a 
beard  that  hath  been  pulled  speak  against  one  that  hath  alvvay 
been  honourable !     If  you  deny  this,   I  will  fight  you  upon  this 
quarrel  before  the  King  our  Lord.    Then  Count  Suero  Gonzalez 
rose  in  great  haste  and  said.  Nephews,  go  you  away  and  leave 
these  rascally  companions :  if  they  are  for  fighting,  Ave  will  give 
them  their  fill  of  that,  if  our  Lord  the  King  should  think  good 
so  to  command ;  that  shall  not  fail  for  us,  though  they  are  not 
our  peers.     Then  Don  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya  arose  and  said.  Hold 
thy  peace.  Count  Suero  Gonzalez !  you  have  been  to  breakfast 
before   you  said  your  prayers,  and  your  words  are  more  like  a 
drunkard's  than  one  who  is  in  his  senses.     Your  kinsmen  like 
those  of  the  Cid  !  ...  if  it  were  not  out  of  reverence  to  my  Lord 
the  King,  I  would  teach  you  never  to  talk  again  in  this  way. 
And  then  the  King  saAv  that  these  words  were  going  on  to  worse, 
and  moreover  that  they  were  nothing  to  the  business ;  and  he 
cap.'t'is."''  commanded  them  to  be  silent,  and  said,  I  will  determine  this 
fl'ier"''    business  of  the  defiance  with  the  Alcaldes,  as  shall  be  found 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ggg 

right ;  and  I  will  not  have  these  disputes  carried  on  before  me,  BOOK 
least  you  should  raise  another  uproar  in  my  presence.  ^^• 

XV.  Then  the  King  rose  and  called  to  the  Alcaldes,  and  went  Hem,  the 
apart  with  them  into  a  chamber,  and  the  Cid  and  all  the  others  IppomTd, 
remained  in  the  Hall.     And  when  the   King  and  the  Alcaldes  Zr^dhh 
had  taken  counsel  together  concernino;  what  was  right  in  this 
matter,   they  came  out  from  the  chamber,  and  the  King  Avent 
and  seated  himself  in  his  chair,  and  the  Alcaldes  each  in   his 
place,  and  they  commanded  all  persons  to  be  silent  and  hear 
the  sentence  which  the  King  should  give.    Then  the  King  spake 
thus :  I  have  taken  counsel  with  these  Counts  whom  I  appointed 
to  be  Alcaldes  in  this  cause  between  the  Cid  and  the  Infantes  of 
Carrion,  and  with  other  honourable  and  learned  men  :  and  this    - 
is  the  sentence  which  I  give;  that  both  the  Infantes  and  Count 
Sucro  Gonzalez  their  fosterer  and  uncle,  forasmuch  as  it  is  given 
me  to  understand  that  he  was  the  adviser  and  abettor  in  the  dis- 
honour which  they  did  unto  the  daughters  of  the  Cid,  shall  do 
battle  with  such  three  of  the  Cid's  people  as  it  may  please  him 
to  appoint,  and  thereby  acquit  themselves  if  they  can.     When 
the  King  had  given  this  sentence,  the  Cid  rose  and  kissed  his  hand 
and  said,  ISIay  God  have  you.  Sir,  in  his  holy  keeping  long  and 
happy  years,  seeing  you  have  judged  justly,  as  a  righteous  King 
and  our  natural  Lord.     I  receive  your  sentence ;  and  now  do  I 
perceive  that  it  is  your  pleasure  to  show  favour  unto  me,  and  to 
advance  mine  honour,  and  for  this  reason  I  shall  ever  be  at  your 
service.     Then  Pero  Bermudez  rose  up  and  Avent  to  the  Cid  and 
said,  A  boon,  Sir!    I  beseech  you  let  me  be  one  of  those  who 
shall  do  battle  on  your  part,  for  such  a  one  do  I  hold  myself  to  be, 
and  this  which  they  have  done  is  so  foul  a  thing,  that  I  trust  in 
God  to  take  vengeance  for  it.    And  the  Cid  made  answer  that  he 
was  well  pleased  it  should  be  so,  and  that  he  should  do  battle 
M'ith  FeiTando  Gonzalez  the  eldest;  and  upon  that  Pero  Ber- 


OQQ  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  muclez  kissed  his  hand.     Then  Martin  Antolinez  of  Burgos  rose 
^^-      and  besought  the  Cid  that  he  might  be  another,  and  the  Cid 
o-ranted    his   desire,    and    said  that  he   should    do   battle    Avith 
Diego  Gonzalez   the  younger  brother.     And  then   Muno  Gus- 
tioz  of  Linquella  rose  and  besought  the  Cid  that  he  might  be  the 
third,  and  the  Cid  granted  it,  and  appointed  him  to  do  battle 
with  Count  Suero  Gonzalez.     And  when  the  Cid  had  appoint- 
ed his  three  champions,    the    King   gave   command    that   the 
combat  should  be  performed  on  the  moiTow ;  but  the  Infantes 
-were  not  prepared  to  fight  so  soon,  and  they  besought  him  of 
his  favour  that  he  would  let  them  go  to  Carrion,  and  that  they 
would  come  prepared  for  the  battle.     And  the  King  would  not 
allow  this    time   which    they   requested ;    howbeit   the    Counts 
Don  Anrrich  and  Don  Remond  his  sons-in-law,  and  Count  Don 
Nuno,  spake  with  him,   and  besought  him  of  his  grace  that  he 

cup^tbo.'^'  would  allow  them  three  weeks  ;    and  the  King  at  their  intreaty 

f%7'"'    granted  it  with  the  pleasure  of  the  Cid. 

How  the  In-      XVI.     Now  wlicu  all  this  had  been  appointed,  as  ye  have 

.7rago"aud  licard,  aud  while  they  were  all  in  the  court,   there  came  into 

Navarre  sent      i-f-j-i  i*  if^*  *t  ir'    -kt 

to  ask  the     the  ralace  messengers  from  the   Kmsrs  or   Araoon   and  of  JNa- 

daughtnsof  ^  T-  ,       . 

the  Cid  iu    varre,  who   brougiit  letters  to  Kmg  Don   Altonso,  and  to  the 

marriage,  ^  .  ^ .    ^ 

Cid  Campeador,  wherein  those  Kings  sent  to  ask  the  daughters 
of  the  Cid  in  marriage,  the  one  for  the  Infante  Don  Sancho 
of  Aragon,  the  other  for  the  Infante  Garcia  Ramirez  of  Na- 
varre. And  when  they  came  before  the  King,  they  bent  their 
knees  and  gave  him  the  letters,  and  delivered  their  message ; 
the  like  did  they  to  the  Cid.  Much  were  the  King  and  the 
Cid  also  pleased  at  this  news,  and  the  King  said  unto  him.  What 
say  you  to  this  ?  And  the  Cid  answered,  I  and  my  daughters  are 
at  your  disposal,  do  you  with  us  as  you  shall  think  good.  yVnd 
the  King  said,  I  hold  it  good  that  they  wed  with  these  Infantes, 
and   that  from  henceforward   they  be  Queens  and  ladies;  and 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^qj 

that  for  the  dishonour  which  thev  have  received,  they  now  re-  BOOK 
ceive  this  honour.  And  the  Cid  rose  and  kissed  the  hands  of  the  -^i:^ 
King,  and  all  his  knights  did  the  like.     These  messengers  hight, 
he  of  Aragon  Yiiigo  Xiinenez,  and  he  of  Navarre  Ochoa  Perez. 
And  the   King  gave  order  that  his  letters  of  consent  to  these 
marriages  should  be  given,  and  the  Cid  did  the  like.     And  those 
knights    did    homage    before   the    King,  that  in    three  months 
from  that  day  the  Infantes  of  Aragon  and   of  Navarre  should 
come  to  Valencia,  to  the  Cid,  to  be  wedded  to  his  dauo-hters. 
Great  joy   had   the    companions   of  tlie   Cid    that    these    mar- 
riages were  appointed,  seeing  how  their  honour  was  increased ; 
and  contrariwise,  great  was  the  sorrow  of  the  Infantes  of  Car- 
rion  and  their  fiiends,  because  it   was  to  their  confusion   and 
great  shame.      And   King  Don    Alfonso   said  aloud    unto  the 
Cid   before  them   all,  Praised  be  the  name  of  God,  because  it 
hath  pleased  him  that  the  dishonour  Avhich   was   done  to  me 
and    to  you    in    your    daughters,    should   thus   be    turned    into 
honour :  for  they  were  the  wives  of  the  sons  of  Counts,  and  now 
shall   they  be    the   wives    of  the  sons   of  Kings,    and   Queens 
hereafter.     Great  was  the  pleasure  of  the  Cid  and  his  company 
at  these  Avords   of  the   King,  for  before  they  had  sorrow,  and 
now   it  was   turned    into  joy.     And    the  Infantes   went  aAvay 
from  the  Palace  full  sadly,  and    Avent    to    their   lodoino-,    and 

~       ~'  Chr.delCid, 

prepared  to  go    to    Carrion    that   they   might  make  ready  for  ch-'Ten 
the  combat,  Avhich  was  to  be  in  three  Aveeks  from  that  time.         ^'-  '''^^• 

XVII.    Then  the  Cid   said  unto  the  King,   Sir,   I  have  ap- hou,  rte  c;<i 
pointed   those    Avho   are    to  do   battle    Avith  the    Infantes    and  'hZtnighu 
their  uncle  for  the  enmity  and  treason  Avhich  they  committed  frouctim. 
against  me  and  my  daughters;  and  now.  Sir,  as  there  is   no- 
thing more  for  me  to  do  here,  I  Avill  leave  them  in  your  hand, 
knoAving  that  you  Avill  not  suifer  them  to  receiA^e  any  displea- 
sure   or   Avrong  soever,  and   that  you   Avill  defend   their  right.. 


392  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  And  if  it  please  you  I  would  fain  return  to  Valencia,  where 
.^4-w/  have  left  my  Avife  and  daughters,  and  my  oiiier  compaaions  ; 
for  I  would  not  that  the  Moors  should  rise  up  aga;nst  nie 
during  my  absence,  thinking  peradventure  that  1  have  not 
sped  so  well  in  this  matter  as  I  have  done,  praised  be  God  and 
you.  And  moreover  I  have  to  make  ready  for  these  marriages 
which  you  have  now  appointed.  And  the  King  bade  him  go 
when  he  pleased,  and  good  fortune  with  him,  and  said  that 
he  would  protect  liis  knights  and  maintain  his  right  in  all  things. 
Then  the  Cid  kissed  the  King's  hand  for  this  which  he  had  said, 
and  commended  the  knights  to  his  keeping.  And  the  King 
called  for  Count  Don  Remond  his  son-in-law,  and  gave  the 
knights  of  the  Cid  to  his  charge,  and  bade  them  not  depart 
cflp*^ -26 1. '' from  him:   and   then   the  King  rose   and  returned    to  the   Al- 

Chr.  Gen.  ° 

f-  298.      cazar. 

ofthenobie-  XVIII.  Thcu  thc  Cid  took  off  his  coif  of  ran^a/,  which  was 
ZhicTthe  as  Avhite  as  the  sun,  and  he  loosed  his  beard,  and  took  it  out 
b^dedTis'  of  the  cord  with  Avhich  it  was  bound.  All  they  who  were  there 
could  not  be  satisfied  Avith  looking  at  him.  And  the  Counts 
Don  Anrrich  and  Don  Remond  came  up  to  him,  and  he  em- 
braced them,  and  thanked  them  and  the  other  good  men  Avho 
had  been  Alcaldes  in  this  business,  for  maintaining  his  right ; 
and  he  promised  to  do  for  them  in  requital  Avhatever  they 
might  require  ;  and  he  besought  them  to  accept  part  of  his 
treasures.  And  they  thanked  him  for  his  offer,  but  said  that 
it  was  not  seemly.  HoAvbeit  he  sent  great  presents  to  each 
of  them,  and  some  accepted  them  and  some  did  not.  Who 
can  tell  hoAV  nobly  the  Cid  distributed  his  treasure  before  he 
departed?  And  he  forgave  thc  King  the  tAvo  hundred  marks 
Avhich  should  have  been  paid  on  account  of  the  Infantes.  And 
to  the  knights  Avho  had  come  from  Aragon  and  Navarre   con- 

Chr.del  CiiU  •  ,  i  •  i  i  i  ■  1  1 

cop.  261.     cernmg  the  marriages,  he  gave  many  horses,  and  money  m  golcl, 
f  298.'"'    and  sent  them  Avith  great  honour  into  their  OAvn  country. 


,       RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  gQ^ 

XIX.  On  the  morrow  the  Cid  Avent  to  take  leave  of  the  Kins;,  BOOK 


o' 


IX. 


and  the  King  went  some  way  out  of  the  town  with  him,  and  all  the 
good  men  who  were  in  the  court  also,  to  do  him  lionour  as  he  deserv-  "l^uLm'^ 
ed.   And  when  he  was  about  to  dispeed  himself  of  the  King  they  fcTtJlu" 
brought  him  his  precious  horse  Bavieca,  and  he  turned  to  the  King    '"°" 
and  said,  Sir,  I  should  depart  ill  from  hence  if  I  took  with  me  so 
good  a  horse  as  my  Bavieca,  and  did  not  leave  him  for  you,  for  such 
a  horse  as  this  is  fit  for  you  and  for  no  other  master :  and   that 
you  may  see  what  he  is,  I  will  do  before  you  what  it  is  long 
since  I  have  done  except  in  the  battles  which  I  have  had  with 
my  enemies.     Then    he   mounted  his    horse,    with   his   ermine 
housings,   and  gave  him  the  spur.     Who  can  tell  the  goodness^ 
of  the  horse  Bavieca,  and  of  the  Cid  who  rode  him  ?  And  as  the 
Cid  was  doing  this  the  horse  brake  one  of  his  reins,  3'et  he  came 
and  stopt  before  the  King  as  easily  as  if  both  the  reins  had  been 
whole.     Greatly  did  the  King  and  all  they  Avho  were  with  him 
marvel  at  this,  saying  that  they  had  never  seen  or  heard  of  so 
good  a  horse  as  that.     And  the  Cid  besought  the  King  that  he 
would  be  pleased  to  take  the  horse,  but  the  King  answered,  God 
forbid   that  I  should   take  him !  . .  rather  would  I  give  you   a 
better  if  I  had  one,  for  he  is  better  bestowed  on  you  than  on  me 
or  any  other,  for  upon  that  horse  you  have  done  honour  to  your- 
self, and  to  us,  and  to  all  Christendom,  by  the  good  feats  which  Poema  dd 
you  have  atchieved.     Let  him  go  as  mine,  and  I  will  take  him  3534!^"' 
when  I  please.  Then  the  Cid  kissed  the  King's  hand  and  dispeed-  cap'-26-2.' ' 
ed  himself,  and  the  King  embraced  him  and  returned  to  Toledo.  /.  '298.'"" 
XX.     Now  when  the  Cid  had  taken  leave  of  the  King,  and  o/whatthe 
of  the   other  honourable   men   and     Counts,  and   Ricos-omes  hisJ^rle 
who  were  Avith  him,  Pero  Bermudez  and  Martin  Antolinez  and  ''"'^*'*' 
Muno  Gustioz  went  on  yet  awhile  with  him :  and  he  counselled 
them  how  to  demean  themselves  so  as  to  clear  him  of  the  shame 
which  had  been  done  him,  and  to  be  held  for  good  knights  them- 


304  '  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 

BOOK  selves,  and  to  take  vengeance  for  Kins;  Don  Alfonso,  and  for 

IX        .  .  .  . 

v„_-^   him,  and  for  themselves,  that  he  might  receive  good  tidings  from 

them  in    Valencia.     And  they  took   his  counsel   well,  as    they 

afterwards  manifested  when  there  was  occasion.     But  Martin 

Antolinez  made  answer,  Why  do  you  say  this,   Sir?   we  have 

undertaken  the  business  and  we  shall  go  through  it ;  and  they 

said  unto  him,  God  have  you  in  his  guidance,  Sir,  and  be  you 

sure  and  certain,  that  by  the  mercy  and  help  of  God  we  shall 

so  demean  ourselves  as  to  come  to  you  without  shame.     But  if 

for  our  sins  it  should    betide    otherwise,  never  more  shall  we 

poema  del    appcar  bcforc  you  dead  or  living, . .  for  slain  we  may  be,  but 

354/"^    never  vanquished.     Then  he  bade  them   return  to   the    King, 

cap.' 263.'    praying  to   God  to  have  them  in  his  keeping,  and  assist  them 

f.  299.       in  fulfilhng  their  demand,  as  he  knew  that  their  cause  was  right. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  TENTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CID. 


I.  Now  Kino-  Alfonso  misdoubted  the  Infantes  of  Cairion  that  BOOK 
they  would  not  appear  at  the  time  appointed,  and  therefore  he   .^^^ 
said  that  he  would  go  to  Carrion,  and  the  battle  should  be  fought  JeTttlcar- 
there.     And   he  took  with  him  the  Counts  whom  he  had  ap-  """' 
pointed  Alcaldes,  and  Pero   Bermudez  and  Martin  Antolinez 
and  Muiio  Gustioz  went  Avith  the  Count  Don  Remond,  to  Avhose 
charge  the  King  had  given  them.     And   on  the  third  day  after 
the  Cid  departed  fi'om  Toledo  the  King  set  forth  for  Carrion  ; 
but  it  so  chanced  that  he  fell  sick  upon  the  road,  and  could  not 
arrive  within  the  three  weeks,  so  that  the  term  Avas  enlarged  to 
five.     And  Avhen  the  King's  health  was  restored  he  proceeded 
and  reached  Carrion,  and  gave  order  that  the  combat  should  be 
performed,   and    appointed  the  day,  and  named  the  plain  of  p^^^^^^, 
Carrion  for  the  place  thereof     And  the  Infantes  came  there  ^"^^^**- 
with  a  great  company  of  all  their  friends  and  kindred,  for  their  ^aptlT 

lAverfi 
2    R 


3535. 

Chr.delCid. 
cap  "264. 

kinsmen  Averc  many  and  jooAverful;  and  they  all  came  Avith  one/, 299.'"' 


30G  CHRONICLE    OF    THE  CID,       > 

BOOK  accord,  that  if  before  the  battle  they  could  find  any  cause  they 
.^^^   woukl  kill  the  knights  of  the  Cid  :  nevertheless,  though  they  had 

determined  upon  this  they  dared  not  put  it  in  CiFect,  because 

they  stood  in  fear  of  Ihe  King. 
How  the  hi.      II.  And  when  the  night  came  of  which  the  moiTow  was  ap- 

fantcs  sent  ^o  .      ,       ■,     r.  y  ,  ,  .,  ,  ,, 

detire  that    pouited  tor  tlic  couiDat,  tliey  on  one  side  and  on  the  otiier  kept 

Colada  and  .      .       .  ,  y-  , 

Tizona  .      yigil  iu  tlic  Cliurchcs,  each  in  that  Church  to  which  he  had  the 

might  not  be         ^ 

used  against  most  dcvotiou.  Niolit  is  past  awav,  and  the  dawn  is  now  break- 
ing ;  and  at  day-break  a  great  multitude  was  assembled  in  the 
field,  and  many  Ricos-omes  came  there  for  the  pleasure  which 
they  would  have  in  seeing  this  battle,  and  the  King  sent  and 
commanded  the  champions  to  make  ready.  Moreover  he  made 
the  two  Counts  liis  sons-in-law,  Don  Anrrich  and  Don  Remond, 
and  the  other  Counts  and  their  people,  arm  themselves  and  keep 
the  field,  that  the  kinsmen  of  the  Infantes  might  not  make  a 
tumult  there.  Who  can  tell  the  great  dole  and  sorrow  of  Count 
Gonzalo  Gonzalez  for  his  sons  the  Infantes  of  Carrion,  because 
they  had  to  do  battle  this  day !  and  in  the  fullness  of  his  heart 
he  curst  the  day  and  the  hour  in  which  he  was  born,  tor  his 
heart  divined  the  sorrow  Avhich  he  was  to  have  for  his  children. 
Great  was  the  multitude  which  was  assembled  from  all  Spam  to 
behold  this  battle.  And  there  in  the  field  near  the  lis»s  the 
champions  of  the  Cid  armed  themselves  on  one  side,  and  the 
Infantes  on  the  othei-.  And  Count  Don  Remond  armed  the 
knights  of  the  Cid,  and  instructed  them  how  to  do  their  devoir, 
and  Count  Garci  Ordonez  helped  arm  the  Infantes  of  Carrion 
and  their  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez,  and  they  sent  to  ask  the  King 
of  his  favour  that  he  would  give  command  that  the  swoids 
Colada  and  Tizona  should  not  be  used  in  that  combat,  liut 
the  King  would  not,  and  he  answered  that  each  must  take  the 
best  sword  and  the  best  arras  that  he  could,  save  only  that  the 
one  should  not  have  more  than  the  other.     Greatly  were  they 


the 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^qj 

troubled  at  this  reply,  and   greatly  did   they  fear  those  good  BOOK 
swords,  and  repent  that  they  had  taken  them  to  the  Cortes  of  ,J^ 
Toledo.     And  fi-om  that  hour  the  Intantes  and  Suero  Gonzalez 
bcAvrayed  in  their  countenances  that  they  thought  ill  of  Avhat 
they  had  done,  and  happy  men  would  they  have  thought  them-  adl'sfiti 
selves  if  they  had  not  committed  that  great  villainy,  and  he  if  he  Sifde/cij 
had   not  counselled  it ;  and  gladly  Avould  they  have  given  all  'cCgL 
that  they  had  in  Camon  so  it  could  now  have  been  undone.         ^'  ^°^' 
III.  And  the  King  went  to  the  place  where  the  Infantes  were  ^"""'"'^ 

entered  i 

armmg,  and  said  unto  them.  If  ye  feared  these  swords  ye  should  '"'* 
have  said  so  in  the  Cortes  of  Toledo,  for  that  Avas  the  place,  and 
not  this ;  . .  there  is  noAV  nothing  to  be  done  but  to  defend  your- 
selves stoutly,  as  ye  have  need  against  those  with  Avhom  ye  have 
to  do.  Then  Avent  he  to  the  knights  of  the  Cid,  Avhom  he  found 
armed  ;  and  they  kissed  his  hand  and  said  unto  him,  Sir,  the  Cid 
hath  left  us  in  your  hand,  and  Ave  beseech  you  see  that  no 
Avrong  be  done  us  in  this  place,  Avhere  the  Infan.es  of  Carrion 
have  their  party  ;  and  by  God's  mercy  Ave  Avill  do  ourselves 
right  upon  them.  And  the  King  bade  them  have  no  fear  for 
that.  Then  their  horses  Avere  brought,  and  they  crost  the 
saddles,  and  mounted,  Avith  their  shields  hanging  from  the 
neck ;  and  they  took  their  spears,  each  of  Avhich  had  its  stream- 
er, and  Avith  many  good  men  round  about  they  Avent  to  the 
hsts  ;  and  on  the  other  side  the  Infantes  and  Count  Suero 
Gonzalez  came  up  Avith  a  great  company  of  their  friends  and 
kinsmen  and  vassals.  And  the  King  said  Avith  a  loud  voice, 
Hear  Avhat  I  say,  Infantes  of  Carrion !  . .  this  combat  I  Avould 
have  had  Avaged  in  Toledo,  but  ye  said  that  ye  Avere  not  ready 
to  perform  it  there,  and  therefore  I  am  come  to  this  Avhich  is 
your  native  place,  and  have  brought  the  knights  of  the  Cid  with 
me.  They  are  come  here  under  my  safeguard.  Let  not  there- 
fore you  nor  your  kinsmen  deceive  yourselves,  thinking  to  oveir 


308  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  power  them  by  tumult,  or  in  any  other  way  than  by  fair  combat; 

-.^..^  for  whosoever  shall  begin  a  tumult,  I  have  given  my  people 
orders  to  cut  him  in  pieces  upon  the  spot,  and  no  enquiry  shall 
be  made  touching  the  death  of  him  who  shall  so  have  offended. 
Full  sorrowful  were  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  for  this  command, 
Avhich  the  King  had  given.  And  the  King  appointed  twelve 
knights  who  were  hidalgos  to  be  true-men^  and  place  the  com- 
batants in  the  lists,  and  show  them  the  bounds  at  what  point 
they  were  to  win  or  to  be  vanquished,  and  to  divide  the  sun 

Poema  del  i    •        i    •       i  i 

cid.v.3b83.  between  them.     And  he  went  with  a  wand  m  his  hand,  and  saw 

36i23. 

chr.deicid.  them  placed  on  both  sides ;  then  he  went  out  of  the  lists,  and 

cap.  264.  I 

Chi' Gen     g^^^  command  that  the  j^eople  should  fall  back,  and  not  ap- 

I-''99.       proach  within  seven  spears-length  of  the  lines  of  the  lists. 

Of  the  com-       IV.    Now  were  the  six  combatants  left  alone  in  the  lists,  and 

bat  between 

Pero  Ber-    eacli  of  theiii  knew  now  Avith  whom  he  had  to  do  battle.     And 

mudez  and 

Gon-ak"  ^^^^y  ^^^^^  their  helmets,  and  put  shield  upon  the  arm,  and  laid 
lance  in  rest.  And  the  knights  of  my  Cid  advanced  against  the 
Infantes  of  Carrion,  and  they  on  their  part  against  the  cham- 
pions of  the  Campeador.  Each  bent  down  with  his  face  to  the 
saddle-bow,  and  gave  his  horse  the  spur.  And  they  met  all  six 
with  such  a  shock,  that  they  who  looked  on  expected  to  see 
them  all  fall  dead.  Pero  Bermudez  and  Ferrando  Gonzalez  en- 
countered, and  the  shield  of  Pero  Bermudez  was  pierced,  but 
the  spear  past  through  on  one  side,  and  hurt  him  not,  and  brake 
in  two  places ;  and  he  sat  firm  in  his  seat.  One  bloAv  he 
received,  but  he  gave  another ;  he  drove  his  lance  through 
Ferrando's  shield,   at  his  breast,  so  that  nothing  availed  him. 


'  Fieles  may  be  well  rendered  by  this  phrase ;  the  number  twelve  is  particular- 
ized by  the  Chronica  General.  These  true-men  seem  to  have  been  literally  judges 
of  the  facts  that  past  before  them. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR. 


309 

Ferrando's   breast-plate  was  three  fold;  two   plates   the  spear  BOOK 
went  clean  through,  and  drove  the  third  in  before  it,  with  the  .^^^J^ 
velmez  and  the  shirt,  into  the  breast,  near  his  heart ;  . .  and  the 
girth  and  the  poitral  of  his  horse  burst,  and  he  and  the  saddle 
went  together  over  the  horse's  heels,  and  the  spear  in  him,  and 
all  thought  him  dead.     Howbeit  J'errando  Gonzalez  rose,   and 
the  blood  began  to  run  out  of  his  mouth,  and  Pero  Bermudez 
drew  his  sword  and  went  against  him  ;  but  when  he  saw   the 
sword  Tizona  over  him,  before  he  received  a  blow   from  it,  he 
cried  out  that  he  confessed  himself  conquered,  and  that  what 
Pero  Bermudez  had  said  again^^t  him  Avas  true.    And  when  Pero 
Bermudez  heard  this  he   stood  still,   and  the  twelve  true-men  r"JT«l'' 
came  up  and  heard  his  confession,   and   pronounced  him  van-  ^ckrldeiad. 
quished.     This  Ferrando  did  thinking  to  save  his  life;  but  the  ae^e.^"' 
wound  which  he  had  got  was  mortal.  /■'so?.'"' 

V.  Martin  Antolinez  and  Diego  Gonzalez  brake  their  lances  o/thebauh 
on  each  other,  and  laid  hand  upon  their  swords.     Martin  Anto-  ManlnAn- 
linez  drew  forth  Colada,  the  brightness  of  which  flaslied  over  okgocon- 
the  whole  field,  for  it  was  a  marvellous  SAvord  ;  and  in  their  strife 
he  dealt  him  a  back-handed  blow  which  sheared  oft'  the  crown  of 
his  helmet,  and  cut  away  hood  and  coif,  and  the  hair  of  his  liead 
and  the  skin  also  :  this  stroke  he  dealt  him   with  the  precious 
Colada.     And  Diego  Gonzalez  was  sorely  dismayed  therewith, 
and  though  he  had  his  own  sword  in  his  hand  he  could  not  for 
very  fear  make  use  of  k,  but  he  turned  his  horse  and  fled  :  and 
Martin  Antolinez  went  after  him,  and  dealt  him  another  with 
the  flat  part  of  the  hword,  foi-  he  mist  him  with  the  edge,   and 
the  Infante  began  to  cry  out  aloud,  Great  God,  help  me  and 
save  me  from  that  sword!    And  he  rode  away  as  fast  as  he  Poemadei 
could,   and  Martin  Antolinez  called  out  after  him,.  Get  out,  st^^'^' 
Don  Traitor !  and  drove  him  out  of  the  lists,  and  remained  con-  cap.m.'^' 

Chr.  Gen. 

queror,  f.aoo. 


510  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

VI.    Muno    Gustioz  and  Suero   Gonzalez  dealt  each  other 

such  strokes  with  their  spears  as  it  was  marvellous  to  behold. 

litTem^iu-  And  Suero  Gonzalez  being  a  right  hardy  knight  and  a  strong, 

aLwiT    and  of  great  courage,  struck  the  shield  of  Muiio  Gustioz  and 

pierced  it  through  and  through ;  but  the  stroke  was  given  aslant, 

so  that  it  past  on  and  touched  him  not.     Muno  Gustioz  lost 

his  stirrups  with  that  stroke,  but  he  presently  recovered  tliem, 

and  dealt  him  such  a  stroke  in  return  that  it  went  clean  through 

the  midst  of  the  shield,  and  through  all  his  armour,  and  came 

out  between  his  ribs,  missing  the   heart ;  then  laying  hand  on 

him  he  wrenched  him  out  of  the  saddle,  and  threw  him  down  as 

he  drcAV  the  spear  out  of  his  body ;  and,  the  point  of  the  spear 

and  the  haft  and  the  streamer  all  came  out  red.     Then  all  the 

beholders  thought  that  he  Avas  stricken  to  death.     And  Muno 

Gustioz   turned   to  smite  ao-ain.      ]3ut  when  Gonzalo  Ansures 

his  father  saAV  this,  he  cned  out  aloud  for  gi'cat  ruth  which  he 

had  for  his  son,   and  said.  For  God's  sake  do  not  strike  him 

again,  for  he  is  vanquished.     And  Muno  Gustioz,  like  a  man  of 

good  understanding,  asked  the  true-men  whether  he  were  to  be 

held  as  conquered  for  what  his  father  said,  and  they  said  not, 

unless  he  confirmed  it  with  his  own  mouth.    And  Muiio  Gustioz 

PoemaM    tumcd  again  to  Suero  Gonzalez  Avhere  he  la;y  wounded,    and 

^1^.^1.3682.  Yy^\^Q^  his  spear  against  him,    and    Suero   Gonzalez   cried  out, 

cap. -lis!  '  Strike  me  not,  for  I  am  vanquished.    And  the  Judges  said  it  was 

/:3oo.  ■     enough,  and  that  the  combat  Avas  at  an  end. 

How  the  In-      VII.  Thcu  tlic  King  entered  the  lists,  and  many  good  knights 

i^i'Tfer^e"'  aud  lildalgos  Avith  him,  and  he  called  the  tAvelve  true-men,  and 

Irl^ors'      asked  them  if  the  knights  of  the  Cid  had  aught  more  to  do  to 

prove  their  accusation;  and  they  made  answer  that  the  knights 

of  the  Cid  had  Avon  the  tield  and  done  their  devou" :  and  all  the 

hidalgos  Avho  Avere  there  present  made  ansAver,  that  they  said 

true.     xVnd   King  Don  Alfonso  hfted  up  his  voice    and  said, 


RODRIGO    DIAZ   DE    BIVAR. 


311 


Hear  me,  all  ye  Avho  are  here  present :  inasmuch  as  the  knights  BOOK 
of  the  Cid  have  conquered,  they  have  avou  the  cause ;  and  the  v,^v^ 
twelve  tiaie-men  made  answer,  that  what  the  Kino;  said  ^vas  the 
truth,  and  all  the  people  said  the  same.  And  the  King  gave  com- 
mand to  break  up  the  lists,  and  gave  sentence  that  the  Infantes 
of  Carrion  and  their  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez  were  notorious  traitors, 
and  ordered  his  seneschal  to  take  their  arms  and  horses.  And 
from  that  day  forth  their  lineage  never  held  up  its  head,  nor  was 
of  any  worth  in  Castille ;  and  they  ^  and  their  uncle  fled  away, 
having  been  thus  vanquished  and  put  to  shame.  And  thus  it 
was  that  Carrion  fell  to  the  Kino;  after  the  days  of  Gonzalo  J^'^marfe! 

&  J  Cxd.  3704. 

Gonzalez,  the  father  of  the  Infantes.     Great  was  their  shame,  ?4'*-  ,„., 
and  the  like  or  worse  Ijetide  him  who  abuseth  fair  lady,  and  then  ",f;  '^^^ 
leavethher^  ■^•'°'- 


2  P  .  Carvalloj  in  the  Historia  de  Anurias,  P.  312.  (quoted  by  Berganza,  5. 
27.  §  342.)  says  that  they  fled  iuto  the  mountains  of  Asturias,  to  their  cousia 
Count  Don  SuerOj  como  todo  consta  de  escrituras  antigitas.  "  This  knight  made 
his  abode  for  the  most  part  in  the  Palacio  da  Senra,  adjoining  the  Monastery 
of  Cornellana;  and  having  compassion  on  his  kinsmen,  lie  built  a  tower  tor  tliem 
joining  the  same  Monastery,  which  is  still  standing,  and  in  which  the  Abbots 
have  their  apartments.  Here  Don  Suero  gave  order  that  they  should  live,  and 
pass  their  lives  with  the  Religious  of  that  sacred  House,  which  he  yvas  then  re- 
edifying ;  and  he  provided  them  with  all  things  necessary  while  they  lived,  and 
when  they  died  he  buried  them  in  the  same  church,  in  a  great  stone  sepulchre, 
wide  enough  to  contain  two  bodies  side  by  side,  such  as  we  now  see  it,  standing 
upon  stone  lions,  on  the  Gospel-side,  and  close  by  the  first  steps  which  lead  up 
to  the  high  altar.  This  is  understood  by  tradition  in  that  Convent,  and  they  show 
the  sepulchre  as  a  thing  beyond  all  doubt." 

'  No  part  of  the  whole  historj-  of  the  Cid  has  been  so  frequently  controverted 
and  so  generally  discredited  by  later  historians,  as  this  story  of  the  Infantes  of 
Carrion.  Yepes,  the  Benedictine  historian,  (T.  6  ff.  80.;  has  entered  into  the 
fullest  investigation,  for  the  purpose  of  vindicating  the  memory  of  these  Infantes. 


312  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

Viri.  Then  the  King  went  to  meat,  and  he  took  the  knights 
of  the  Cid  with  him ;  and  great  was  the  multitude  whicli  follow- 
joy'whu-h"  ed  after  them,  praising  the  good  feat  which  they  had  atchieved. 
m  f'aicncia.  And  thc  Kiug  gave  them  great  gifts,  and  sent  them  away  by 

1 


He  shows  that  their  father's  name  was  Gomez  Diaz,  not  Gonzalo  Gonzalez,  and 
consequently  they  were  called  Diego  Gomez  and  Ferrando  Gomez,  not  Gonzalez. 
Sandoval  (^  64.)  had  shown  before  him  that  these  Infantes  died  nine  years  after  the 
marriage  of  the  Cid,  consequently  before  his  daughters  were  marriageable:  and 
Francisco  Diago,  in  his  Anales  de  Valencia,  (L.  6.  C.  15.)  that  the  daughters 
were  named  Christina  and  Maria,  not  Elvira  and  Sol ;  and  that  the  latter  married 
the  Count  of  Barcelona,  not  the  Infante  of  Aragon.  Yepes  proceeds  to  inva- 
lidate the  circumstances  of  the  story.  . .  He  is  shocked  at  the  indecorous  scenes 
at  the  Cortes,  and  still  more  that  it  should  be  supposed  two  Spanish  princes 
would  marry  women  whose  husbands  were  yet  alive,  and  that  any  Spanish  pre- 
late should  be  thougiu  capable  of  solemnizing  such  marriages. 

In  reply  to  these  arguments,  Berganza  proves  incontestably  that  all  the 
descendants  both  of  the  Infanta  Dona  Christina,  daughter  of  Bermudo  II.  and 
of  Dofia  Vclasquita,  whose  possessions  lay  at  Carrion,  were  called  Infantes,  and 
that  there  were  such  Infantes  as  the  story  mentions,  living  at  that  time,  whom  the 
impugners  of  the  story,  regarding  only  the  elder  branch,  had  overlooked.  The 
difficulty  concerning  the  names  of  the  ladies  is  not  so  satisfactorily  removed. 
Yepes  supposes  that  they  had  two  names,  which  was  not  unusual ; . .  but  this  is 
only  supposition.  He  might  have  shown  that  no  scruple  was  made  at  that  time 
of  changing  a  name,  if  it  did  not  happen  to  please  the  husband  : . .  there  is  an  ex- 
ceedingly curious  instance  in  the  history  of  Alfonso  himself.  Perhaps  the  Infantes 
of  Navarre  and  Aragon  followed  his  example,  not  liking  to  use  those  names  by 
whichvtheir  wives  had  been  known  when  they  were  dishonoured.  Either  suppo- 
sition is  possible,  .  neither  of  them  satisfactory.  It  is  however  a  difficulty  of  little 
consequence  to  the  story.  The  question  is,  whether  the  facts  related  of  the  two 
daughters  of  the  Cid  (be  their  names  what  they  may)  are  to  be  believed.  Ber- 
ganza invalitfates  the  arguments  used  to  prove  that  Dona  Sol  did  not  marry  an 
Infante  of  Aragon  ;  in  this  he  is  successful,  and  he  reconciles  the  other  account 
by  supposing  that  after  his  death  she  married  the  Count  of  Barcelona. 

Of  the  other  difficulties  which  Yepes  had  advanced  Berganza  makes  light. 
TWere  is  nothing  improbable  in  the  scene  at  the  Cortes,  and  Yepes  had  forgotten 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  313 

night,  and  with  a  good  guard  to  protect  them  till  they  should  BOOK 
be  in  safety ;  and  they  took  their  leave  of  the  King,  and  tra-  ^^^ 
veiled  by  night  and  day,  and  came  to  Valencia.  When  the 
Cid  kncAv  that  they  drew  nigh,  he  went  out  to  meet  them,  and 
did  them  great  honour.  Who  can  tell  the  great  joy  which 
he  made  over  them  ?  And  they  told  him  all  even  as  it  had  come 
to  pass,  and  how  the  King  had  declared  the  Infantes  of  Camon 
and  their  uncle  to  be  notorious  traitors.  Great  was  the  joy 
of  the  Cid  at  these  tidings,  and  he  lifted  up  his  hands  to  Hea- 
ven, and  blest  the  name  of  God  because  of  the  vengeance 
which  he  had  given  him  for  the  great  dishonour  which  he  had 
received.  And  he  took  with  him  ^lartin  x\ntolinez  and  Pero 
Bcrmudez  and  Muno  Gustioz,  and  Avent  to  Dona  Ximena 
and  her  daughters,  and  said  to  them.  Blessed  be  the  name  of 
God,  now  are  you  and  your  daughters  avenged  !  and  he  made 
the  knio-hts  recount  the  whole  unto  them,  even  as  it  had  come 
to  pass.  Great  Avas  the  joy  of  Dona  Ximena  and  her  daugh- 
ters, and  they  bent  their  knees  to  the  ground,  and  praised  the 
name  of  Jesus  Christ,  because  he  had  given  them  this  vengeance 
for  the  dishonour  which  they  had  received ;  and  Dona  Elvira 
and  Dona  Sol  embraced  those  knights  many  times,  and  would 
fain  have  kissed  their  hands  and  their  feet.      And  the  Cid  said 


that  the  Infantes  of  Carrion  and  the  daughters  of  the  Cid  were  near  enough  of 
kin  to  afiFord  a  plea  for  divorce,  heing  ahke  descended  on  the  mother's  side  from 
Kin"-  Don  Bermudo  II.  It  may  be  added,  that  princes  in  those  days  cared  lit- 
tle for  the  bond  of  marriage,  married  whatever  women  they  liked,  and  forsook 
them  whenever  they  were  tired  of  them. 

The  conduct  of  the  Infantes  of  CaiTion  is  certainly  improbable.  There  are  in- 
stances enough  of  such  cruelty,  but  none  of  such  folly.  Yet  nothing  can  be  so  im- 
probable as  that  such  a  story  should  be  invented  and  related  so  soon  after  their 
death,  of  persons  who  had  really  existed,  and  were  of  such  rank  :  and  that  it  should 
be  accredited  and  repeated  by  all  the  historians  who  lived  nearest  the  time. 

2  s 


314  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  unto  Dona   Ximena,    Now   may    you  without  let   marry  your 

\^-Y^   daughters  with  the  Infantes  of  Aragon  and  Navarre,  and  I  trust 

in  God  that  they  will  be  Avell  and   honourably  mariied,  better 

than  they  were  at  first.   Eight  days  did  the  great  rejoicings  endure 

Avhich    the    Cid    made    in  Valencia,    for   the  vengeance  which 

God  had  given  him  upon  the   Infantes  of  Carrion,  and  their 

cap.i6%'  uncle  Suero  Gonzalez,   the   aider    and  abettor  in   the  villainy 

#.30).       ^vhici^  they  had  committed. 

HowtheSoi-  IX.  Now  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  the  Great  Soldan 
siTseutpre'  of  Pcrsla,  liaviug  heard  of  the  great  goodness  of  the  Cid,  and 
Cid.  '  of  his  great  feats  in  arms,  and  how  he  had  never  been  vanquish- 
ed by  mortal  man,  and  how  he  had  conquered  many  Kings, 
Moor  and  Christian,  and  had  won  the  noble  city  of  Valencia, 
and  had  defeated  King  Bucar  Lord  of  Africa  and  Morocco,  and 
twenty  nine  Kings  with  him,  all  these  things  made  him  greatly 
desirous  of  his  love.  And  holding  him  to  be  one  of  the  noble 
men  of  the  world,  he  sent  messengers  to  him  with  great  gifts, 
which  Avill  be  recounted  hereafter,  and  with  them  he  sent  one 
of  his  kinsmen,  a  fiiU  honourable  man,  with  letters  of  great 
love.  When  this  kinsman  reached  the  port  of  Valencia,  he 
sent  word  to  the  Cid  that  he  was  arrived  there  with  a  message 
from  the  Great  Soldan  of  Persia,  who  had  sent  a  present  by 
him  ;  and  Avhen  the  Cid  knew  this  he  was  well  pleased.  And 
in  the  morning  the  Cid  took  horse,  and  went  out  with  all  his 
company,  all  nobly  attired,  and  his  knights  rode  before  him 
Avith  their  lances  erect.  And  when  they  had  gone  about  a  league 
they  met  the  messenger  of  the  Soldan  coming  to  Valencia : 
and  when  he  beheld  them  in  what  order  they  came,  he  under- 
stood what  a  noble  man  the  Cid  Campeador  was.  And  when 
he  drcAV  nigh,  the  Cid  stopt  his  horse  Bavieca,  and  waited  to 
receive  him.  And  when  the  messenger  came  before  the  Cid 
and   beheld   him,  all  his  flesh  began  to  tremble,  and  he  mar- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  315 

veiled  greatly  that  his  tlesh  should  tremble  thus  ;  and  his  voice  BOO  K 
failed    him,  so  that  he  could  not  bring  forth  a  Avord.     And  the   wrv->-^ 
Cid  said  that  he  was  welcome,  and  went  towards  him  to  em- 
brace him ;   but  the   Moor  made  him  no  reply,  being  amazed. 
And  Avhen  he  had   somewhat  recovered  and   could  speak,    he 
would  have  kissed  the  Cid's  hand,  but  the  Cid  would  not  give 
it  him :    and  he   thought  this   was  done  for  haughtiness,   but 
they    made    him  understand   that  it  was    to  do  him  honour; 
then   was    he  greatly  rejoiced,  and  he  said,  1   humble  myself 
before  thee,  O  Cid,   who  art  the  fortunate,  the  best  Christian, 
and  the  most  honourable  that  hath  girded  on  sword  or  bestrode 
horse  these  thousand    years.     'J'he  Great  Soldan  of  Persia,  my 
Lord,  hearing  of  thy  great  fame  and  renown,  and  of  the  great 
virtue  which  is  in  thee,  hath  sent  me  to  salute  thee  and  receive 
thee  as  his  friend,  even   as  his  best  friend,  the  one  whom  he 
loveth  and  prizeth  best.   iVnd  he  hath  sent  a  present  by  me  Avho 
am  of  his  lineage,  and  beseecheth  thee  to  receive  it  as  from  a  cap'^t/o.' ' 
friend.     And  the  Cid  made  answer  that  he  thanked  him  greatly,  ff.l'oi'"' 
X.    Then  the  Cid  bade  his  people  make  way  that  the  sump-  of  the  pre 
ter  beasts  which  carried  the  present  might  pass,   and  also  the  X  Soid»n 
strange  animals  which  the  Soldan  had   sent,  the  like  whereof 
Avere  not  in  that  land.     And   when  they  were  passed  he  and  his 
company  returned  towards  the  town,   and   the  messenger  with 
him.     And  whensoever  the  messenger  spake  to  the  Cid,  it  came 
into  his  mind  how  his  voice  had  failed   and  his  flesh  trembled 
when  he  beheld  him ;  and  he  marvelled  thereat,  and  Avould  fain 
have  asked  the  Cid  Avhy  it  should  be.     And  when  they  entered 
Valencia,  great   was   the  croAvd  wliich  assembled    to    see   the 
sumpter  beasts,   and  the  strange  animals,  for  they  had  never 
seen  such  before,  and  they  marvelled  at   them.     And  the  Cid 
gave  order  that  the  beasts  should  be  taken  care  of,  and  he  went 
to  the  Alcazar  and  took  the  Moor  with  liim ;  and  when  they 


316  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BO  O  K  came  to  Dona  Ximena  the  Moor  humbled  himself  before  her  and 
yj^;^  her  daughters,  and  would  have  kissed  her  hand,  but  she  would 
not  give   it  him.     Then   he  commanded   that  the  camels  and 
other  beasts  of  burthen  should   l^e  unloaded  in  their  presence, 
and  he  began  to    open    the   packages  and    display   the    noble 
things  Avhich  were  contained  therein.     And  he  laid  before  them 
great  store  of  gold  and  of  money,  which  came  in  leathern  bags? 
each  having  its  lock  ;  and  wrought  silver  in  dishes  and  trenchers 
ami  basons,  and  pots  for  preparing  food  ;  all  these  of  fine  silver 
and  full  cunnino'ly  wrouoht,  the  Aveio;ht  whereof  was  ten  thousand 
marks.     Then  he  brought  out  five  cups  of  gold,  in  each  of  which 
Avcre  ten  marks  of  gold,  with  many  precious  stones  set  therein, 
and  three  silver  barrels,   which  Avere  full  of  pearls  and  of  pre- 
cious stones.     Moreover  he   presented  unto  him  many   pieces 
of  cloth  of  gold,  and  of  silk,  of  those  which  are  made  in  Tar- 
tary,  and  in  the  land  of  Calabria.     And  moreover,   a  pound  of 
myn'h    and  of  balsam,   in    little    caskets  of  gold ;    this   was  a 
precious  thing,  for  with  this  ointment  they  were  wont  to  anoint 
the  bodies  of  the  Kings  when  they  departed,  to  the  end  that 
they  might  not  corrupt,  neither  the  earth  consume  them  :  and 
with  this  was  the  body  of  the  Cid  embalmed  after  his   death. 
Moreover  he  presented  unto  him  a  chess  board,  which  was  one 
of  the  noble   ones  in  the  world ;  it  was  of  ivory  rivetted  with 
gold,  and  with  many  precious  stones  round  about  it;  and  the  men 
Avere  of  gold  and  silver,  and  the  squares  also  Avere  richly  Avrought 
cfcr  del  Cid.  with  stones  of  many  virtues  *.     This  was  a  full  rich,  and   great 


cap.  271. 


chr.  Gen.    and  noble  present,  so  that  no  man  could  tell  the  price  thereof. 

J.  301.  -^ 


*  This  is  the  description  in  the  Chronica  del  Cid.  The  Chronica  General  only 
says  that  this  chess-board  (arcidriche. . .  Berganza  notices  the  singular  word)  is  at 
this  day,  i.  e.  about  1250,  in  the  Monastery  at  Cardena.  It  had  disappeared  in 


Berganza's  time. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  3|-y 

XI.  "When  the  Moor  had  produced  all  these  things  before  the  BOOK 
Cid,  he  said  unto  him,  All  this,  Sir,  Avith  the  animals  which  tlwu  ^.Jt^ 
hast  seen,  my  Lord  the  Soldan  of  Persia  hath  sent  unto  thee,  ^t^Lt'!^ 
because  of  the  great  fame  which  he  hath  heard  of  thy  goodness  7hTsoidaJ 
and  loj^alty ;  and,  Sir,  he  beseecheth  thee  to  accept  it  for  the  ""  "  ' : 
love  of  him.     And  the  Cid  thanked  him,  taking  great  pleasure 
therein,  and  said  that  he  would  fain  do  him  greater  honour  than 
he  had  ever  yet  done  to  any  one.     And  then  he  embraced  him 
in  the  name  of  the  Soldan,  and  said,  that  if  he  were  a  Christian 
he  would  give  him  the  kiss  of  peace;  and  he  asked  whether 
among  those  things  there  was  aught  which  had  belonged  to  the 
person  of  the  Soldan,  that  if  so  he  might  kiss  it  in  his  honour, 
and  in  token  that  if  he  were  there  present,  he  would  kiss  him  on 
the  shoulder,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  Moors,  for  he  knew 
that  liis  Lord  was  one  of  the  noblest  men  in  all   Pagandom. 
When  the  kinsman  of  the  Soldan  heard  this  he  was  greatly  re- 
joiced because  of  the  great  courtesy  with  which  the  Cid  had 
spoken,   and  he  perceived  how  noble  a  man  he  was.     And  he 
said  unto  him,  Sir  Cid,  if  you  were  present  before  my  Lord  the 
Soldan,  he  would  do  you  full  great  honour,  and  would  give  you 
the  head  of  his  horse  to  eat,  according  to  the  custom  of  our 
country ;  but  seeing  that  this  is  not  the  custom  of  this  country, 
I  give  you  my  living  horse,  which  is  one  of  the  best  horses  of 
Syria  ;  and  do  you  give  order  that  he  be  taken  in  honour  of 
my  Lord  the  Soldan,  and  he  will  be  better  than  his  head  would 
be  boiled.     And  I  kiss  your  hand.  Sir  Ruydiez,  and  hold  myself 
more  honoured  and  a  happier  man  than  ever  I  have  been  here- 
tofore.    And  the  Cid  accepted  the  horse,  and  gave  consent  to 
the  Moor  that  he  should  kiss  his  hand.     And  then  he  called  for 
his  Almoxarife,  and  bade  him  take  with  him  this  kinsman  of 
the  Soldan,  and  lodge  him  in  the  Garden  of  Villa  Nueva,  and  ca/.'ari. 
do  him  even  such  honour  and  service  as  he  would  to  himself.        /•  301. 


518  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

XII.  Great  was  the  honour  which  the  Ahiioxarife  of  the  Cid 
Ruydiez  did  unto  the  kinsman  of  the  Soldan,  and  he  served  him 
frnwirtht:  even  as  he  would  have  served  his  Lord  the  Cid.  And  when 
tLg'rtat  they  had  disported  and  taken  solace  together,  the  kinsman  of 
^'"^'  the  Soldan  asked  him  concerning  the  Cid,  what  manner  of  man 
he  was.  And  the  Ahnoxarife  answered  that  he  was  the  man  in 
the  world  who  had  the  bravest  heart,  and  the  best  knight  at 
arms,  and  the  man  who  best  maintained  his  law;  and  in  the 
word  which  he  hath  promised  he  never  fails ;  and  he  is  the  man 
in  the  Avorld  who  is  the  best  friend  to  his  friend,  and  to  his 
enemy  he  is  the  mortallest  foe  among  all  Christians ;  and  to  the 
vanquished  he  is  full  of  mercy  and  compassion  ;  and  full  thought- 
ful and  wise  in  whatsoever  thing  he  doeth ;  and  his  countenance 
is  such  that  no  man  seeth  him  for  the  first  time  without  con- 
ceiving great  fear.  And  this,  said  the  Ahnoxarife,  I  have  many 
times  Avitnessed,  for  when  any  messengers  of  the  Moors  come 
before  liim,  they  are  so  abashed  that  they  know  not  where  they 
are.  When  the  messenger  of  the  Soldan  heard  this  he  called  to 
mind  how  it  had  been  with  him,  and  he  said  unto  the  Almoxa- 
rife,  that  as  they  were  both  of  one  law  he  besought  him  to  keep 
secret  wliat  he  should  say,  and  he  would  tell  him  what  had  be- 
fallen him  himself.  And  the  Ahnoxarife  said  that  he  would  do 
as  he  desired.  And  with  that  he  began  to  say,  that  he  marvelled 
greatly  at  Avhat  he  had  heard,  for  even  as  he  had  noAv  told  him 
that  it  happened  unto  other  messengers,  even  so  had  he  himself 
found  it  the  first  time  that  he  had  seen  the  Cid  ;  for  so  great  was 
the  fear  Avhich  he  conceived  at  the  sight  of  his  countenance, 
that  for  long  time  he  had  no  power  of  speech ;  and  according  to 
his  thinking,  this  could  only  proceed  from  the  grace  of  God 
tOAvards  the  Cid,  that  none  of  his  enemies  might  ever  behold 
his  face  Avithout  fear.  When  the  kinsman  of  the  Soldan  had 
saitl  this,  the  Ahnoxarife  perceived  that  he  was  a  wary  man, 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  319 

and  one  of  ffood  understanding:;  and  he  beoan  to  talk  with  him,  BOOK 
and  asked  him  Avhether  he  would  tell  him  what  he  should  ask,  ^.^^^ 
and  the  messenger  replied  that  he  would.  Then  the  Almoxarife 
asked  of  him  if  he  knew  what  was  the  reason  which  had  moved 
his  Lord  the  Soldan  to  send  so  great  a  present  to  the  Cid  Cam- 
jieador,  and  why  he  desired  to  have  his  love  when  he  was  so  far 
away,  beyond  sea.  Now  the  messenger  of  the  Soldan  conceived 
that  the  Almoxarife  sought  to  know  the  state  of  the  lands  beyond 
sea,  and  he  feared  that  this  had  JDeen  asked  of  him  by  command 
of  the  Cid  ;  and  he  made  answer,  that  so  great  was  the  renown 
of  the  Cid,  and  the  report  which  they  had  heard  in  the  lands 
beyond  sea  of  his  great  feats  in  arms,  that  it  had  moved  the 
Soldan  to  send  him  that  present  and  desire  his  love.  But 
when  the  Almoxarife  heard  this,  he  said  that  he  could  not  be- 
lieve that  this  had  been  the  reason,  but  that  some  other  intention 
had  moved  him.  And  when  the  messenger  perceived  that  the 
Almoxarife  understood  him,  and  that  he  desired  to  know  the 
whole  of  the  matter,  he  said  that  he  would  tell  him,  but  he 
besought  him  to  keep  it  secret.  And  the  Almoxarife  promised 
to  do  this.  Then  he  told  him  that  the  land  beyond  sea  was  in 
such  state  that  they  weened  it  Avould  be  lost,  and  that  the  Chris- 
tians would  win  it,  so  great  a  Crusade  had  gone  forth  against 
it  from  Germany,  and  ft-om  France,  and  from  Lombardy,  and 
Sicily,  and  Calabria,  and  Ireland,  and  England,  which  had  won 
the  city  of  Antioch,  and  now  lay  before  Jerusalem.  And  my 
Lord  the  Great  Soldan  of  Persia,  hearing  of  the  great  nobleness 
of  the  Cid,  and  tliinking  that  he  would  pass  over  also,  was 
moved  to  send  him  this  present  to  gain  his  love,  that  if  pei'ad- 
venture  he  should  pass  there  he  might  be  his  friend.  And  when 
the  Almoxarife  of  the  Cid  heard  this,  he  said  that  of  a  truth  he  cap? 272.' ' 

Chr.  Gen. 

believed  it.  f •  30^. 

XIIL    While  yet  that  messenger  of  the  Soldan  of  Persia 


520  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID, 

BOOK  abode  in  Valencia,  tidings  came  to  the  Cid  that  the  Infantes  of 
v.yV^  Aragon  and  Navarre  Avere  coming  to  celebrate  their  marriage 
2glftu'  with  his  daughters,  according  as  it  had  been  appointed  at  the 
^ia's^onfnd  Cortcs  of  Tolcdo.  He  of  Navarre  hight  Don  Ramiro,  and  he 
was  the  son  of  King  Don  Sancho,  him  who  was  slain  at  Rueda ; 
and  he  married  with  Dona  Elvira,  the  elder :  and  the  Infante  of 
Aragon  Avho  married  Dona  Sol,  the  younger,  hight  Don  Sancho, 
and  was  the  son  of  King  Don  Pedro,  j'his  King  Don  Pedro  was 
he  whom  the  Cid  Rujdiez  conquered  and  made  prisoner,  as 
the  history  hath  related ;  but  calling  to  mind  the  great  cour- 
tesy which  the  Cid  had  shown  m  releasing  him  from  prison,, 
and  how  he  had  ordered  all  his  own  to  be  restored  unto  him, 
and  moreover  the  great  worth  and  the  great  goodness  of  the 
Cid,  and  the  great  feats  which  he  had  performed,  he  held  it 
good  that  his  son  should  match  with  his  daughter,  to  the  end 
that  the  race  of  so  good  a  man  might  be  preserved  in  Aragon. 
Ilowbeit  it  was  not  his  fortune  to  have  a  son  by  Dona  Sol,  for 
he  died  before  he  came  to  the  throne,  and  left  no  issue.  AVhea 
the  Cid  knew  that  the  Infantes  were  coming,  he  and  all  his  peo- 
ple went  out  six  leagues  to  meet  them,  all  gallantly  attired 
both  for  court  and  for  war ;  and  he  ordered  his  tents  to  be 
pitched  in  a  fair  meadow,  and  there  he  awaited  till  they  came 
up.  And  the  first  day  the  Infante  Don  Sancho  of  Aragon  came 
up,  and  they  waited  for  the  Infante  Don  Ramiro ;  and  when 
they  Avcre  all  met  they  proceeded  to  Valencia.  And  the  Bishop 
Don  Hieronymo  came  out  to  meet  them  with  a  procession,  full 
honourably.  Great  were  the  rejoicings  which  were  made  in 
Valencia  because  of  the  coming  of  the  Infantes,  for  eight  days 
before  the  marriage  began.  And  the  Cid  gave  order  that  they 
"p'afs^^'  should  be  lodged  in  the  Garden  of  Villa  Nu€va,  and  supplied 
f.  303.'"'    with  all  things  in  abundance. 

XIV.  When  eight  days  were  overpast  the  Bishop  Don  Hier- 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  32J 

onymo  married  the  Infantes  of  Aragon  and  Navarre  to  the  ^  ^P  ^ 
(hiughters  of  the  Cid  in  this  manner:  the  Infante  Don  Ramiro  s^v^ 
of  Navarre  to  Doiia  Elvira,   and  the   Infante  Don  Sancho  of  riage  of  the 

-,  Inf'antts. 

Aragon  to  Dona  Sol.  And  on  the  day  after  they  had  been 
espoused  they  received  the  blessing  in  the  great  Church  of  St. 
Peter,  as  is  commanded  b}'  the  law  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the 
Bishop  said  mass.  Who  can  tell  the  great  rejoicings  which 
were  made  at  those  marriages,  and  the  great  nobleness  thereof? 
Certes  there  would  be  much  to  tell ;  for  during  eight  days  that 
they  lasted,  there  was  feasting  every  day,  full  honourably  and 
plentifulh',  where  all  persons  did  eat  out  of  silver ;  and  many 
bulls  were  killed  everyday,  and  many  of  those  wild  beasts  which 
the  Soldan  sent ;  and  many  sports  were  devised,  and  many  gar- 
ments and  saddles  and  noble  trappings  were  given  to  the  jocu- 
lars.  And  the  jMoors  also  exhibited  their  sports  and  rejoicinos, 
after  such  divers  manners,  that  men  knew  not  which  to  go  to  first. 
So  great  was  tlie  multitude  which  was  there  assembled,  that  they 
were  counted  at  eight  thousand  hidalgos.  And  when  the  mar- 
riage was  concluded,  the  Cid  took  his  sons-in-law  and  led  them 
by  the  hand  to  Doiia  Ximena,  and  showed  them  all  the  noble 
things  which  the  Soldan  had  sent  hira ;  and  they  when  they  be- 
held such  great  treasures  and  such  noble  things  were  greatly 
astonished,  and  said  that  they  did  not  think  there  had  been 
a  man  in  Spain  so  rich  as  the  Cid,  nor  who  possessed  such 
things.  And  as  they  were  marvelling  from  whence  such  riches 
could  have  come,  both  of  gold  and  silver,  and  of  precious  stones 
and  peai'ls,  the  Cid  embraced  them  and  said,  My  sons,  this  and 
all  that  I  have  is  foi"  you  and  for  your  wives,  and  I  will  give 
unto  you  the  noblest  and  most  precious  things  that  ever  were 
given  with  women  for  their  dowry  :  for  I  will  give  j^ou  the  half 
of  all  that  you  see  here,  and  the  other  half  I  and  Dona  Ximena 
will  keep  so  long  as  we  live,  and  after  our  death  all  shall  be 

2  T 


g^^  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  yours;  and  my  days  are  now  well  nigh  full.  Then  the  Infantes 
^^,,.^  made  answer,  that  they  prayed  God  to  grant  him  life  for  many 
and  happy  years  yet,  and  that  they  thanked  him  greatly,  and 
held  him  as  their  father ;  and  that  they  would  ever  have  respect 
to  his  honour  and  be  at  his  service,  holding  themselves  honoured 
by  the  tie  that  there  was  between  them.  Three  months  these 
Infantes  abode  with  the  Cid  in  A^alencia,  in  great  pleasure.  And 
then  they  dispeeded  themselves  of  the  Cid  and  of  their  mother- 
in-law  Dofia  Ximena,  and  took  each  his  Avife  and  returned  into 
their  own  lands  with  great  riches  and  honour.  And  the  Cid 
gave  them  great  treasures,  even  as  he  had  promised,  and  gave 
them  certain  of  those  strange  beasts  Avhich  the  Soldan  had  sent. 
And  he  rode  out  Avith  them  twelve  leagues.  And  Avhen  they 
took  leave  of  each  other  there  Avas  not  a  knight  of  all  those  who 
came  Avith  the  Infantes  to  whom  the  Cid  did  not  give  something, 
horse,  or  mule,  or  garments,  or  money,  so  that  all  Avere  well 
chr.deicid.  pleased  ;  and  he  gave  his  daughters  his  blessing,  and  commended 
275."^      them  to  God,  and  then  he  returned  to  Valencia,  and  they  Avent 

Chr.  Gen. 

f.303.       to  their  own  country. 

Howthemes-      XV.    Aftcr  thc  Cid  had  seen  his  sons-in-law  depart,  he  sent 

senger  of  the  ,.     ,         <-i     i  i  i  i   ■  r  j.1 

Soldan  was   fof  thc  mcsscnger  of  the  Soldan,  and  gave  lam  many  ot  the  rare 

dispatched.  '^  i    •       t  i  4        1    1  1    • 

things  of  his  country  to  carry  unto  his  Lord.  And  he  gave  hnn 
a  SAVord  which  had  the  device  of  the  Soldan  Avrought  in  gold, 
and  a  coat  of  mail  and  sleeve  armour,  and  a  noble  gipion  Avhich 
Avas  Avrought  of  knots  ^ ;  and  his  letters  of  reply,  Avhich  Avere  full 
of  great  assurances  of  friendship.  Much  Avas  the  messenger  of 
the  Soldan  pleased  with  the  Cid  for  the  great  honour  Avhich  he 
a,.deici<i.  ijy^jj  shown  him,  and  much  Avas  he  pleased  also  at  seeing  hoAV 
fsoT''    honourably  the  marriage  of  his  daughters  had  been  celebrated. 


Peiyunte  que  era  feeho  de  nudos. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    UE    BIVAR.  333 

So  he  departed  and  Avent  to  the  port,  and  embarked  on  board  his  BOOK 
ship,  and  went  to  his  Lord  the  Soldan.  v.^V^ 

XVI.    After  this  the  Cid  abode  in  Valencia,  and  he  laboured  Hmotue/ii. 

,  calde  of  Fa- 

a  full  year  in  settlina;  all  the  Castles  of  the  Moors  who  were  lendawa, 
subject  unto  him  in  peace,  and  in  settling  the  Moors  of  Valencia 
well  with  the  Christians ;  and  this  he  did  so  that  their  tribute 
was  well  paid  from  this  time  till  his  death.  And  all  the  land 
from  Tortoso  to  Origuela  was  imder  his  command.  And  from 
this  time  he  abode  in  peace  in  Valencia  ;  and  laboured  alwaj  to 
serve  God  and  to  increase  the  Catholic  faith,  and  to  make 
amends  for  the  faults  he  had  committed  towards  God,  for  he 
weened  that  his  days  now  would  be  but  few.  And  it  came  to 
pass  one  d^y,  the  Cid  having  risen  from  sleep  and  being  in  his 
Alcazar,  there  came  before  him  an  Alfaqui  whom  he  had  made 
Alcalde  of  the  Moors  ;  his  name  was  Alfaraxi,  and  he  it  Avas  who 
made  the  lamentation  for  Valencia,  as  is  recorded  in  this  history. 
This  Alfacjui  had  served  the  Cid  Avell  in  his  office  of  Alcalde 
over  the  Moors  of  Valencia :  for  he  kept  them  in  peace,  and 
made  them  pay  their  tribute  Avell,  being  a  discreet  man  and 
of  great  prudence,  so  that  for  this  and  for  his  speech  he  might 
have  been  taken  for  a  Christian  ;  and  for  this  reason  the  Cid 
loved  him  and  put  great  trust  in  him.  And  when  the  Cid  saw 
him  he  asked  him  Avhat  he  would  have ;  and  he  like  a  prudent 
man  bent  his  knees  before  him,  and  began  to  kiss  his  hand, 
and  said,  Sir  Cid  Ruydiez,  blessed  be  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ 
who  hath  brought  you  to  this  state  that  you  are  Lord  of  Valen- 
cia, one  of  the  best  and  noblest  cities  in  Spain.  What  I  Avould 
haA^e  is  this.  Sir,  my  forefathers  Avere  of  this  city,  and  I  am 
a  native  hereof ;  and  Av^hen  I  Avas  a  little  lad  the  Christians  took 
me  captive,  and  I  learat  their  tongue  among  them,  and  then  ray 
Avill  Avas  to  be  a  Christian,  and  to  abide  there  in  the  land  of  the 


324  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  Christians;  but  my  father  and  mother,  being  rich  persons,  re- 
y.^y'^^  leased  me.  And  God  shewed  me  such  favour,  and  gave  me 
such  understanding  and  so  subtle,  that  I  learnt  all  the  learning 
of  the  Moors,  and  was  one  of  the  most  honourable  and  best  Al- 
faquis that  ever  was  in  Valencia  till  this  time,  and  of  the  richest, 
as  you  know.  Sir ;  and  3'ou  in  your  bounty  made  me  Alcalde, 
and  gave  me  your  authority  over  the  Moors,  of  which  peradven- 
ture  I  was  not  worthy.  And  now,  Sir,  thinking  in  my  heart  con- 
cerning the  law  in  which  I  have  lived,  I  find  that  I  have  led  a 
life  of  gi'eat  error,  and  that  all  which  Mahommed  the  great 
deceiver  gave  to  the  Moors  for  their  law,  is  deceit :  and  therefore. 
Sir,  I  turn  me  to  the  faith  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  will  be  a  Christian 
and  believe  in  the  Catholic  faith.  And  I  beseech  you  of  your 
bounty  give  order  that  T  may  be  baptized  in  the  name  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  and  give  me  what  name  you  will.  And  from  this 
time  forward  I  will  live  the  life  of  a  Christian,  and  fulfil  what  is 
written  in  the  Gospel,  and  forsake  wife  and  children  and  kin, 
and  all  that  there  is  in  the  world,  and  sei^ve  God,  and  beUev©  in 
his  faith  and  holy  law,  as  far  as  the  weakness  of  my  body  can 
bear.  When  the  Cid  Ruydiez  heard  this  he  began  to  smile  for 
very  pleasure ;  and  he  rose  up  and  took  Alfaraxi  with  him  to 
Dona  Ximena,  and  said.  Here  is  our  Alcalde,  who  will  be  a 
Christian,  and  our  brother  in  the  faith  of  Jesus  Christ :  I  be- 
seech you  therefore  give  order  to  provide  all  things  that  may 
be  needful.  When  Dona  Ximena  heard  this  she  rejoiced  greatly, 
and  gave  order  that  all  things  should  be  full  nobly  prepared. 
And  on  the  morrow  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  baptized 
him,  and  they  gave  him  the  name  of  Gil  Diaz :  and  his  god- 
fathers were  Don  Alvar  Fanez,  and  Pero  Bermudez,  and  Mar- 
tin Antolinez  of  Burgos;  and  Dona  Ximena,  Avith  other  ho- 
nourable  dames,  were  his  godmothers.     And  from  that  time 


RODRIGO   DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  325 

forward   Gil  Diaz  was  in  such   favour  vnth  the  Cid,  that  he  BOOK 

X 
trusted  all  his  affairs  to  his  hands,  and  he  knew  so  well  how  ^>^v-w 

to  demean  himself,  both  towards  him  and  all  those  of  his  com-  cap.'iU. 

277. 

pany,  that  they  all  heartily  loved  him.  chr.  Gen. 


HERE  BEGINNETH  THE  ELEVENTH  BOOK 


OF    THE 


CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID. 


I.  It  is  written  in  the  history  which  Abenalfarax,  the  nephew 
of  Gil  Diaz,  composed  in  Valencia,  that  for  five  years  the  Cid 
^Zc  'that''  Ruydiez  remained  Lord  thereof  in  peace,  and  in  all  that  time  he 
was^c^miZ  sought  to  do  nothing  but  to  serve  God,  and  to  keep  the  Moors 
kncZ!^"   quiet  who  Avere  under  his  dominion;  so  that  Moors  and  Chris- 
tians dwelt  together  in  such  accord,  that  it  seemed  as  if  they  had 
alway  been  united  ;  and  they  all  loved  and  served  the  Cid  with 
such  good  will  that  it  was  marvellous.     And  when  these  five 
years  were  over  tidings  were  spread  far  and  near,  which  reached 
Valencia,  that  King  Bucar  the  Miramamolin  of  Morocco,  hold- 
ing himself  disgraced  because  the  Cid  Campeador  had  conquered 
him  in  the  field  of  Quarto  near  unto  Valencia,  where  he  had 
slain  or  made  prisoners  all  his  people,   and  driven  him  into  the 
sea,  and  made  spoil  of  all  the  treasures  which  he  had  brought 
with  him  ;  . .  King  Bucar  calling  these  things  to  mind,  had  gone 
himself  and  stirred  up  the  whole  Paganism  of  Barba^y,  even  as 


t 


RODRIGO   DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  32^ 

far  as  Montes  Claros,  to  cross  the  sea  again,  and  avenge  himself  BOOK 
if  he  could ;  and  he  had  assembled  so  great  a  power  that  no  .J.^^ 
man  could  devise  their  numbers.  When  the  Cid  heard  these 
tidings  he  was  troubled  at  heart;  hoAvbeit  he  dissembled  this, 
so  that  no  person  knew  Avhat  he  was  minded  to  do ;  and  thus 
the  matter  remained  for  some  days.  And  when  he  saw  that  the 
news  came  thicker  and  faster,  and  that  it  was  altogether  certain 
that  King  Bucar  was  coming  over  sea  against  him,  he  sent  and 
bade  all  the  IVIoors  of  Valencia  assemble  together  in  his  pre- 
sence, and  when  they  were  all  assembled  he  said  unto  them, 
Good  men  of  the  Aljama,  ye  well  know  that  from  the  day 
wherein  I  became  Lord  of  ^"alencia,  3'e  have  alway  been  pro- 
tected and  defended,  and  have  past  your  time  well  and  peace- 
ably in  your  houses  and  heritages,  none  troubling  you  nor  doing 
you  wrong ;  neither  have  I  who  am  your  Lord  ever  done  aught 
unto  you  that  was  against  right.  And  now  true  tidings  are  come 
to  me  that  King  Bucar  of  Morocco  is  arrived  from  beyond  sea, 
with  a  mighty  power  of  Moors,  and  that  he  is  coming  against 
me  to  take  from  me  this  city  which  I  Avon  with  so  great  la- 
bour. Now  therefore,  seeing  it  is  so,  I  hold  it  good  and  com- 
mand that  ye  quit  the  toAvn,  both  ye  and  your  sons  and  your 
women,  and  go  into  the  suburb  of  Alcudia  and  the  other  sub- 
urbs, to  dwell  there  with  the  other  Moors,  till  we  shall  see  the 
end  of  this  business  between  me  and  King  Bucar.  Then  the 
Moors,  albeit  they  were  loth,  obeyed  his  command ;  and  when 
thev  were  all  crone  out  of  the  city,  so  that  none  remained,  he  held  cap.  278. 

•^  ^  Chr.  Gen, 

himself  safer  than  he  had  done  before.  /•  305. 

II.  NoAV  after  the  Moors  were  all  gone  out  of  the  city,  it  came  Rowst.  p*- 
to  pass  in  the  middle  of  the  night  that  the  Cid  was  lying  in  his  ZuZlu. 
bed,  devising  how  he  might  withstand  this  coming  of  King  Bucar, 
for  Abenalfarax  saith  that  when  he  was  alone  in  his  palace  his 
thoughts  were  of  nothing  else.     And  when  it  was  midnight  there 


328  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID, 

B O O K  came  a  great  light  into  the  palace,  and  a  gieat  odour,  marvel- 
C,__^  lous  sweet.     And  as  he  was  marvellino;  what  it  migflit  be,  there 
appeared  before  him  a  man  as  white  as  snow  ;  he  was  in  the 
likeness  of  an  old  man,  Avith  grey  hair  and  crisp,  and  he  carried 
certain  keys  in  his  hand  ;  and  before  the  Cid  could  speak  to  him 
he  said,  Sleepest  thou,  Rodrigo,  or  Avhat  art  thou  doing  ?     And 
the  Cid  made  answer.  What  man  art  thou  Avho  askest  me?  And 
he  said,  I  am  St.  Peter,  the  Prince  of  the  Apostles,  who  come 
unto  thee  with  more  urgent  tidings  than  those  for  which  thou  art 
taking  thought  concerning  King  Bucar,  and  it  is,   that  thou  art 
to  leave  this  world,  and  go  to  that  which  hath  no  end  ;  and  this 
will  be  in  thirty  days.     But  God  will  show  favour  unto  thee,  so 
that  thy   people  shall  discomfit  King  Bucar,  and  thou,  being 
dead,  shalt  win  this  battle  for  the  honour  of  thy  body  :  this  will 
be  with  the  help  of  Santiago,  whom  God  will  send  to  the  busi- 
ness :  but  do  thou  strive  to  make  atonement  for  thy  sins,  and  so 
thou  shalt  be  saved.     All  this  Jesus  Christ  vouchsafe th  thee  for 
the  love  of  me,  and  for  the  reverence  which  thou  hast  alway 
shown  to  my  Church  in  the  Monastery  of  Cardena.     When  the 
Cid  Campeador  heard  this  he  had  great  pleasure  at  heart,  and 
he  let  himself  fall  out  of  bed  upon  the  earth,  that  he  might  kiss 
the  feet  of  the  Apostle  St.  Peter;  but  the  Apostle  said,  Strive 
not  to  do  this,  for  thou  canst  not  touch  me  ;  but  be  sure  that  all 
this  which  I  have  told  thee  will  come  to  pass.     And  when  the 
blessed  Apostle  had  said  this  he  disappeared,  and  the  palace 
remained  full  of  a  sweeter  and  more  delightful  odour  than  heart 
of  man  can  conceive.     And  the  Cid  Ruydiez  remained  greatly 
Mp'^t?^."''  comforted  by  what  St.  Peter  had  said  to  him,  and  as   certain 
jr.305.'"     that  all  this  would  come  to  pass,  as  if  it  were  already  over. 
HowiheCid      III.     Early  on  the  morrow  he  sent  to  call  all  his  honourable 
'^'^u.'  "  men  to  the  Alcazar ;  and  Avheu  they  Avere  all  assembled  before 
him,  he  began  to  say  unto  them,  weeping  the  while,  Friend? 


IIODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAIl.  329 

niid  kinsmen  and  true  vassals  and  honourable  men,  many  of  ye  BOOK 

XI 
must  well  remember  when  King  Don  Alfonso  our  Lord  twice   ^^.-^-^ 

banished  me  from  bis  land,  and  most  of  ye- for  the  love  which 
ye  bore  me    followed  me  into  banishment,  and   have  guarded 
me  ever  since.     And  God  hath  shown  such  mercy  to  you  and  to 
me,  that  we  have  won  many  battles  against  IVIoors  and  Chris- 
tians :  those  which   were   against  Christians,   God  knows,  were 
more  through  their  fault  than  my  will,  for  they  strove  to  set 
themselves  against  the  good  fortune  Avhich  GJod  had  given  me, 
and  to  oppose   his   service,  helping  the  enemies  of  the  faith. 
Moreover  we  won   this   city  in    which  we  dwell,  which  is  not 
luider  the  dominion  of  any  man  in  the  world,  save  on.y  of  my 
Lord  the  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  that  rather  by  reason  of  our 
natural  allegiance  than  of  anv  thino-  else.  And  now  I  would  have 
ye  know  the  state  in  which  this  body  of  mine  now  is  :  for  be  ye 
certain  that  I  am  in  the  latter  days  of  my  life,  and  that  thirty 
days  hence  Avill  be  my  last.     Of  this  I  am  well  assured  ;  for  for 
these  seven  nights  past  I  have  seen  visions.     I  have  seen   my 
father  Diego  Laynez,  and  Diego  Rodriguez  my  son  ;    and  every 
time  they  say  to  me,  You  have  tarried  long  here,  let  us  go  now 
among  the  people  who  endure  for  ever.     Now  notwithstanding 
man   ought  not  to   put  his   trust  in  these  things,  nor  in  such 
visions,  I  know  this  by  other  means  to  be  certain,  for  Sir  St. 
Peter  hath  appeared   to  nie  this  night,   when  I  was  awake  and 
not  sleeping,  and  he  told  me  that  when  these  thirty  days  Avere 
over,  I   should   pass  aAvay  from  this  world.     Now  ye  know  for 
certain  that  King  Bucar  is  coming  against  us,  and  they  say  that 
thirty  and  six   Moorish  Kings  are  coming  witli  him  ;  and  since 
he  bringeth  so  great  a  power  of  Moors,  and  I  have  to  depart 
so  soon,  how  can  ye  defend  Valencia!  But  be  ye  certain,  that 
by  the  mercy  of  God  I  shall  counsel  ye  so,  that  ye  shall  con-  cap." :;9.' ' 
quer  King  Bucar  in  the  field,  and  win  great  praise  and  honour  f^oi. 

2  V 


330  CnHONICLE    OF    THE    CI  D, 

BOOK  from  him,  and  Dona  Ximena,   and  ve   and  all  that  ye  have,  go 
yj^^  hence  in  safety  ;  how  ye  are  to  do  all  this  I  will  tell  ye  hereafter, 

before  1  depart. 
How  the  Cxi      \X.     After  the  Cid  had  said  this  he  sickened  of  the  malady 
hed."        of  which  he  died.     And   the  day  before  his  weakness   Avaxed 
great,  he  ordered   the  gates  of  the  town  to  be  shut,  and  went 
to  the  Church  of  St.  Peter ;  and  there    the  Bishop    Don   Hier- 
onymo  being  present,  and  all  the  clergy  who  were  in  Valencia, 
and  the  knights  and  honourable  men  and  honourable   dames, 
as    many    as   the  Church  could   hold,  the    Cid   Ruydiez  stood 
up,  and  made  a  full    noble   preaching,   showing  that   no  man 
whatsoever,  however  honourable  or  fortunate  they  may  be  in  this 
world,  can  escape  death ;  to  which,  said  he,  I  am  now  full  near ; 
and  since  ye  know  that  this  body  of  mine  hath  never  yet  been 
conquered,  nor  put  to  shame,  I   beseech  ye  let  not  this  befall 
it  at  the  end,  for  the  good  fortune  of  man  is  only  accomplished 
at  his  end.     How  this  is   to   be   done,  and  what  ye  all  have  to 
do,  I  will  leave  in  the  hands  of  the  Bishop   Don   Hieronymo, 
and  Alvar  Fanez,  and  Pero  Bermudez.     And  when  he  had  said 
this  he  placed  himself  at  the  feet  of  the  Bishop,  and  there  before 
all  the  people  made  a  general  confession  of  all  his  sins,  and  all 
the  faults  which  he  had  committed  aoainst  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 
And  the  Bishop  appointed  him  his  penance,   and   assoyled  him 
,    of  his  sins.     Then  he  arose  and  took  leave  of  the  people,  Aveep- 
ing  plenteously,  and  returned  to  the  Alcazar,  and  betook  him- 
self to  his  bed,  and  never  rose  from  it  again;  and   every  day 
he  Avaxed  Aveaker  and  Aveaker,  till  seven  days  only  remained 
of  the  time  appointed.     Then  he  called  for  the  caskets  of  gold  in 
Avhich  Avas  the  balsam  and  the  myrrh  Avhich  the  Soldan  of  Persia 
had  sent  him ;  and   Avhen  tliese  Avere  put  before  him  he  bade 
them  bring  him  the  golden  cup,  of  which  he  Avas  Avont  to  drink; 
and  he  took  of  that  balsam  and  of  that  myrrh  as  much  as  a  lit- 


I 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  33I 

tie  spoon-full,  and  mingled  it  in  the  cup  with  rose-water,  and  B  O  O  K 

drank  of  it ;  and  for  the  seven  days  which  he  lived  he  neither  ate  y.,;^^^ 

nor  drank   aught  else  than  a  little  of  that  myvrh  and  balsam 

mingled  with  water.     And  every  day  after  he  did  this,  his  body 

and  his  countenance   appeared  fairer  and  fresher  than  before, 

and  his  voi^e  clearer,  thoudi  he  waxed  weaker  and  weaker  daily,  cap. -iho.'  ' 

.      ,        ^  C/ir.  Gen. 

so  that  he  could  not  move  in  his  bed.  f-  soe. 

V.  On  the  twenty-ninth  day,  being  the  day  before  he  depart-  mwtheCid 

1  T>*    1  TA  IT*  appointed 

ed,   he  called  for  Doiia  Ximena,  and  for  the  bishop  Don  liter-  what  should 

'  be   done  af- 

onymo,   and  Don  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya,  and   Pero  Bermudez,  tcr  his  death. 
and  liis  trusty  Gil  Diaz ;  and  when  they  were  all  five  before  him, 
he  began  to  direct  them  what  they  should  do  after  his  death  ; 
and  he  said  to  them.  Ye  know  that  King  Bucar  will  presently 
be  here  to  besiege  this  city,  with  seven  and  thirty  Kings  'svhom 
he    bringcth   with  him,   and  Avith  a  mighty   power   of  ]Moors. 
Now  therefore  the  first  thing  wliich  ye  do  after  I  have  departed, 
wash  my  body  with  rose-water  many  times  and  well,  as  bles- 
sed be  the  name  of  God  it  is  washed  within  and  made  pure  of 
all  unclean ness  to  receive  his  holy  body  to-mon-ow,  which  will 
be  my  last  day.     And  when  it  lias  been  well  washed  and  made 
clean,  ye  shall  dry  it  Avell,   and  anoint  it  with  this  myrrh  and 
balsam,  from  these  golden  caskets,  from  head  to  foot,  so  that 
every  part  shall  be  anointed,   till  none  be  left.     And  you  my 
Sister  Dona  Ximena,  and  your  women,  see  that  ye  utter  no  cries, 
neither  make  any   lamentation  for   me,  that  the   ]\loors   may 
not  know  of  my  death.     And  when  the  day  shall  come  in  which 
King  Bucar  anives,  order  all  the  people  of  Valencia  to  go  upon 
the  walls,  and  sound  your  trumpets  and  tambours,  and  make  the 
o-reatest  rejoicings  that  ye  can.     And  when  ye  would  set  out  for 
Castille,  let  all  the  people  know  in  secret,  that  they  make  them- 
selves  ready,  and   take  with  them  all  that  they  have,  so  that 
none  of  the  Moors  in  the  suburb  may  know  thereof ;  for  certes 


332  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  yc  cannot  keep  the  city,  neither  abide  therein  after  my  deatli. 

y^J^^  And  see  ye  that  sumpter  beasts  be  hiden  M'ith  all  that  there  is  in 
^'alencia,  so  that  nothing  which  can  profit  may  be  left.  And 
this  I  leave  especially  to  your  charge,  G  il  Diaz.  Tlien  saddle 
ye  my  horse  Bavieca,  and  arm  him  well ;  and  3'^e  shall  apparel 
my  body  full  seemliiy,  and  place  mc  upon  the  horse,  and  liisten 
and  tie  me  thereon  so  that  it  cannot  fall :  and  fasten  my  sword 
Tizona  in  my  hand.  And  let  the  Bishop  Don  Ilieronymo  go  on 
one  side  of  me,  and  my  trusty  Gil  Diaz  on  the  other,  and  he 
shall  lead  my  horse.  You,  Pero  Bermudez,  shall  bear  my  ban- 
ner, as  you  were  wont  to  bear  it;  and  you,  Alvar  Fafiez,  my  cou- 
sin, gather  3^our  comjjan}^  together,  and  put  the  host  in  order  as 
you  are  Avont  to  do.  And  go  ye  forth  and  fight  with  King  Bu- 
car;  for  be  ye  certain  and  doubt  not  that  je  shall  win  this 
battle  ;  God  hath  granted  me  this.  And  when  ye  have  won  the 
fight,  and  the  INIoors  arc  discomfited,  yc  may  spoil  the  field  at 
rap.  aso.     pleasure.     Yc  will  find  o;reat  riches.     What  ye  are  afterwards  to 

Chr.  Gtn.       ^  ^ 

/.  306.  do  I  will  tell  ye  to-morrow,  when  I  make  my  testament. 
uowiheCid  VI.  Early  on  the  morrow  the  Bishop  Don  Ilieronymo,  and 
tamcnumd  Ahiw  Fancz,  and  Pero  Bermudez,  and  Martin  Antolinez,  came 
to  the  Cid.  Gil  Diaz  and  Doiia  Ximena  were  alway  with  him  ; 
and  the  Cid  began  to  make  his  testament.  And  the  first  thing 
Avhich  he  directed,  after  commending  his  soid  to  God,  was,  that 
liis  body  should  be  buried  in  the  Church  of  St.  Pedro  de  Car- 
deria,  Avhere  it  now  lies  ;  and  he  bequeathed  unto  that  Monas- 
tery many  good  inheritances,  so  that  that  place  is  at  this  day 
the  richer  and  more  honourable.  Then  he  left  to  all  his  com- 
pany and  household  according  to  the  desert  of  every  one.  To 
all  the  knights  who  had  served  him  since  he  went  out  of  his  own 
country,  he  gave  great  wealth  in  abundance.  And  to  the  other 
knights  who  had  not  served  him  so  long,  to  some  a  thousand 
marks  of  silver,  to  others  two,  and  some  there  were  to  Avhom  he 


departed. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  "Qo 

benueathcd  three,  accordino-  who  thev  were.  Moreover,  to  the  BOOK 
squires  who  were  hidalgos,  to  some  five  hundred,  and  others  there  ^^.\- 
were  who  had  a  thousand  and  five  hundred.  And  he  bade 
them,  when  thej  arrived  at  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena,  give  clothing 
to  tour  thousand  poor,  to  each  a  skirt  of  escanforfe  and  a 
mantle.  And  he  bequeatlied  to  Dona  Ximena  all  that  he 
had  in  the  Avorld,  that  she  might  live  honourably  for  the  re- 
mainder of  her  days  in  the  Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Car- 
deiia;  and  he  commanded  Gil  Diaz  to  remain  with  her  and 
serve  her  Avell  all  the  days  of  her  life.  And  he  left  it  in  charge 
to  the  Ijishop  Don  Hicronymo,  and  Dona  Ximena  his  wife, 
and  Don  Alvar  Fariez,  and  Pero  Bermudez,  and  Felez  Muiioz, 
his  nephews,  that  they  should  see  all  this  fulfilled.  And  he  com- 
manded Alvar  Faiiez  and  Pero  ]3ermudez,  when  they  had  con- 
quered King  Bucar,  to  proceed  forthwith  into  Castille  and  ful-  ^ 
fil  all  that  he  had  enjoined.  This  Avas  at  the  hour  of  sexts. 
Then  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  the  Campeador  of  Bivar,  bade  the  Bishop 
Don  Hieronymo  give  him  the  body  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ,  and  he  received  it  with  great  devotion,  on  his 
knees,  and  weeping  before  them  all.  Then  he  sate  up  in  his  bed 
and  called  upon  God  and  St.  Peter,  and  began  to  pray,  saying. 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  thine  is  the  power  aiid  the  kingdom,  and 
thou  art  above  all  Kings  and  all  nations,  and  all  Kings  are  at 
thy  command.  I  beseech  thee  therefore  pardon  me  my  sins, 
and  let  my  sovil  enter  into  the  hght  which  hath  no  end.  And 
when  the  Cid  Ruydiez  had  said  this,  this  noble  Baron  yielded  up 
his  soul,  wliich  was  pure  and  without  spot,  to  God,  on  that 
Sunday  which  is  called  Quinquagesima,  being  the  twenty  and  May  sy, 
ninth  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  and  ninety  *°^^' 
and  nine,  and  in  the  seventy  and  third  year  of  liis  Hfe.  After 
he  had  thus  made  his  end  they  washed  his  body  twice  with  Avarm 
water,  and  a  third  time  with  rose  water,  and  then  they  anointed 


334 


CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 


BOOK 
XI. 


Chr.  delCid. 
cup.  2^]. 
Chr.  Gen. 
f.  307. 

How  King 
Bucay  came 
up  against 
the  city. 


Chr.delCid. 
cap.  282. 
Chr.  Gen. 
/.  307. 


and  embalmed  it  as  he  had  commanded.  And  then  all  the  ho- 
nourable men,  and  all  the  clergy  Avho  Avere  in  Valencia,  assem- 
bled and  carried  it  to  the  Church  of  St.  Mary,  of  the  Virtues, 
which  is  near  the  Alcazar,  and  there  they  kept  their  vigil,  and 
said  prayer  and  performed  masses,  as  was  meet  for  so  honour- 
able a  man. 

VII.  Three  days  after  the  Cid  had  departed  King  Bucar 
came  into  the  port  of  Valencia,  and  landed  with  all  his  power, 
Avhich  Avas  so  great  that  there  is  not  a  man  in  the  Avorld  Avho 
could  o'ive  account  of  the  Moors  whom  he  brought.  And  there 
came  with  him  thirty  and  six  Kings,  and  one  Moorish  Queen, 
w^ho  was  a  neQ;ress,  and  she  brouoht  with  her  two  hundred 
horsewomen,  all  negresses  like  herself,  all  having  their  hair  shorn 
save  a  tuft  on  the  top,  and  this  was  in  token  that  they  came 
as  if  upon  a  pilgTimage,  and  to  obtain  the  remission  of  their 
sins  ;  and  the}^  were  all  armed  in  coats  of  mail  and  with  Turk- 
ish bows.  King  Bucar  ordered  his  tents  to  be  pitched  round 
about  Valencia,  and  Abenalfarax  who  wrote  this  history  in  Ara- 
bic, saith,  that  there  were  full  fifteen  thousand  tents ;  and  he 
bade  that  Moorish  negress  with  her  archers  to  take  their  station 
near  the  city.  And  on  the  morrow  they  began  to  attack  the 
city,  and  they  fought  against  it  three  days  strenuously ;  and  the 
Moors  received  great  loss,  for  they  came  blindl}^  up  to  the  walls 
and  Avere  slain  there.  And  the  Christians  defended  themselves 
right  Avell,  and  every  time  that  they  went  upon  the  Avails,  they 
sounded  trumpets  and  tamboiu's,  and  made  great  rejoicings,  as 
the  Cid  had  commanded.  This  continued  for  eight  days  or  nine, 
till  the  companions  of  the  Cid  had  made  ready  every  thing  for 
their  departure,  as  he  had  commanded.  And  King  Bucar  and 
his  people  thought  that  the  Cid  dared  not  come  out  againt  them, 
and  they  Avere  the  more  encouraged,  and  began  to  think  of 
making  bastilles  and  engines  wherewith  to  combat  the  city,  for 


RODRICO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  o^,- 

certes  they  weened  that  the  Cid  Ruydiez  dared  not  come  out  BOOK 
against  them,  seeino-  that  he  tarried  so  Jono-.  .  J.I1 

VIII.  All  this  while  the  company  of  the  Cid  were  preparing  How  the 
all  things  to  go  into  Castille,  as  he  had  commanded  before  his  uelTouT 
death  ;  and  his  trusty  Gil  Diaz  did  nothing  else  but  labour  at  Via"' 
this.  And  the  body  of  the  Cid  was  prepared  after  this  manner: 
first  it  was  embalmed  and  anointed  as  the  histor}"^  hath  already 
recounted,  and  the  virtue  of  the  balsam  and  myrrh  was  such 
that  the  tlesh  remained  firm  and  fair,  having  its  natural  colour, 
and  his  countenance  as  it  was  wont  to  be,  and  the  eyes  open, 
and  his  loni?  beard  in  order,  so  that  there  was  not  a  man  who 
would  have  thousrht  him  dead  if  he  had  seen  him  and  not  knoAvn 
it.  And  on  the  second  day  after  he  had  departed,  Gil  Diaz 
placed  the  body  upon  a  right  noble  saddle,  and  this  saddle  with 
the  body  upon  it  he  put  upon  a  frame;  and  he  dressed  the  body 
in  a  gambax^  of  fine  sendal,  next  the  skin.  And  he  took  two 
boards  and  fitted  them  to  the  body,  one  to  the  breast  and  the 
other  to  the  shoulders;  these  ^vcre  so  hollowed  out  and  fitted 
that  they  met  at  the  sides  and  under  the  arms,  and  the  hind  one 
came  up  to  the  pole,  and  the  other  up  to  the  beard;  and  these 
boards  were  fastened  into  the  saddle,  so  that  the  body  could  not 
move.  All  this  was  done  by  the  morning  of  the  twelfth  day; 
and  all  that  day  the  people  of  the  Cid  were  busied  in  making, 
ready  their  arms,  and  in  loading  beasts  with  all  that  they  had. 


'  Vesticronla  a  corona  un  gambax  de  cendal  delgado.    In  the  Poema  de  Alexan- 

Jro  the  word  is  used  precisely  in  the  same  manner — 

Vestio  a  cuioiia  un  gambax  de  cendal. 

Copla  430. 

AikI  the  Glossary  explains  it  to  be  a  kind  of  shirt,  as  the  passage  plainly  implies. 
The  Chronica  General  makes  it  of  a  diflerent  materia],  ..  T  estiol  a  carona  del 
cuerpo  un  gambax  brancofecho  de  un  randal.  I  know  not  whether  this  means  net- 
work, or  if  it  be  an  error  for  cendal,  or  perhaps  for  ranzal. 


336  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  SO  that  they  left  nothing  of  any  price  in  the  whole  city  of  Valen- 
^^  cia,  save  only  the  empty  houses.  When  it  was  midnight  they 
took  the  body  of  the  Cid,  fastened  to  the  saddle  as  it  Avas,  and 
placed  it  upon  his  horse  Bavieca,  and  fastened  the  saddle  well : 
and  the  body  sate  so  upright  and  well  that  it  seemed  as  if  he 
was  alive.  And  it  had  on  painted  hose  of  black  and  white,  so 
cunningly  painted  that  no  man  Avho  saw  them  would  have 
thought  but  that  they  were  grieves  and  cuishes,  unless  he  had 
laid  his  hand  upon  them;  and  they  put  on  it  a  surcoat  of  green 
sendal,  having  his  arms  blazoned  thereon,  and  a  helmet  of 
parchment,  which  was  cunningly  painted  that  every  one  might 
have  believed  it  to  be  iron;  and  his  shield  Avas  hung  round  his 
neck,  and  they  placed  the  sword  Tizona  in  his  hand,  and  they 
raised  his  arm,  and  fastened  it  up  so  subtilly  that  it  Avas  a  mar- 
vel to  see  how  upright  he  held  the  sAvord.  And  the  Bishop  Don 
Hieron3'^mo  Avent  on  one  side  of  him,  and  the  trusty  Gil  Diaz 
on  the  other,  and  he  led  the  horse  Bavieca,  as  the  Cid  had  com- 
manded him.  And  Avhen  all  this  had  been  made  ready,  they 
Avent  out  from  Valencia  at  midnight,  through  the  gate  of  Rose- 
j-os,  Avhich  is  toAvards  Castille.  Pero  Bermudez  Avent  first  Avith 
the  banner  of  the  Cid,  and  Avith  him  five  hundred  knights  Avho 
guarded  it,  all  avcII  appointed.  And  after  these  came  all  the 
baggage.  Then  came  the  body  of  the  Cid  Avith  an  hundred 
kniffhts,  all  chosen  men,  and  behind  them  Dona  Ximena  Avith 
all  her  company,  and  six  hundred  knights  in  the  rear.  All  these 
Avent  out  so  silently,  and  Avith  such  a  measured  pace,  that  it 
chr.MCid.  ggei^^eti  ^s  if  there  Avere  only  a  score.     And  by  the  time  that 

cap.  '283.  *^  *^ 

fsoB.'"'    they  had  all  gone  out  it  Avas  broad  day. 

„    ,..  IX.     NoAV  Alvar  Fanez  Minaya  had  set  the  host  in  order, 

How  King  *^ 

uueri7u.   and  Avhile  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  and  Gil  Diaz  led  aAvay 
co-nfud.      ^^^  ^^j^  qJ-  ^|jg  Qj^l^  j^j^j  j)q-j^  Ximena,  and  the  baggage,  he  fell 

upon  the  Moors.     First  he  attacked  the  tents  of  that  Moorish 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^^J 

Queen  the  Negress,  who  lay  nearest  to  the  city ;  and  this  onset  was  BOOK 
SO  sudden,  that  they  killed  full  a  hundred  and  fifty  Moors  before  ^^r^-C 
they  had  time  to  take  arms  or  go  to  horse.     But  that  Moorish 
Negress  was  so  skilful  in  drawiuQ-  the  Turkish  Idoav,  that  it   was 
held  for  a  marvel,  and  it  is  said  that  they  called  her  in  Arabic 
Nugueymat  Tiiri/a  ^,  which  is  to  say,  the   Star  of  the  Archers. 
And  she   was  the  first  that  got  on  horseback,  and  with  some 
fifty  that  were  with  her,  did  some  hurt  to  the  company  of  the 
Cid  ;  but  in  fine  they  slew  her,  and  her  people  fled  to  the  camp. 
And   so  great  was  the   uproar  and    confusion,    that  few  there 
were  who  took  arms,  but  instead  thereof  they  turned  their  backs 
and  fled  toward  the  sea.     And  Avhen  King  Bucar  and  his  Kings 
saw  this  they  were  astonished.     And   it  seemed   to  them  that 
there  came  against  them  on  the  part  of  the  Christians  full  seven- 
ty thousand  knights,  all  as  white  as  snow :  and   before  them  a 
knight  of  great  stature  upon  a  white  horse  with  a  bloody  cross, 
who  bore  in  one  hand  a  white  banner,  and  in  the  other  a  sword 
which  seemed   to   be   of  fire,  and  he  made    a   great    mortality 
among  the  Moors    who   were  flying.     And    King    Bucar   and 
the  other  Kings   were    so  greatly  dismayed  that    they    never 
checked   the  reins  till  they   had  ridden  into  the  sea  ;   and  the 
company  of  the  Cid  rode  after  them,  smiting  and  slaying  and 
giving  them  no  respite;  and   they  smote  down  so  many  that 
it  was  marvellous,  for  tiie  Moors  did  not  turn  their  heads  to 
defend  themselves.     And  when   they  came  to  the  sea,  so  great 
was  the  press  among  them  to  get  to  the  ships,   that  more  than 
ten  thousand  died  in  the  water.  And  of  the  six  and  thirty  Kmgs 
twenty  and  two  were  slain.      And  King  Bucar  and  they  avIio 
escaped  with  him  hoisted  sails  and  went  their  way,  and  never 


•   Megei/ma  Turia  in  the  Chronica  del  Cid^ 
2   X 


538 


CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 


BOOK  more  turned  their  heads.     Then  Alvar  Fanez   and  his  people, 
-^^-      when  they  had  discomfited   the  Moors,  spoiled   the  held,  and 
the    spoil  thereof  was    so    great   that  they  could  not  carry    it 
away.     And  they   loaded  camels   and  horses  Avith  the  noblest 
things  which  they  found,  and  went  after  the  Bishop  Don  Hiero- 
nymo  and  Gil  Diaz,  Avho,  with  the  body  of  the  Cid,  and  Dona 
Xiraena,  and  the  baggage,  had  gone  on  till  they  were  clear  of 
the  host,  and  then  waited  for  those  who  were  gone  against  the 
Moors.     And  so  great  wais_the  spoil  of  that  day,  that  there  was 
no  end  to  it :  and  they  took  up  gold,  and  silver,  and  other  pre- 
cious things  as  they  rode  through  the  camp,  so  that  the  poorest 
man  among  the  Christians,  horseman  or  on  foot,  became  rich  with 
what  he  won  that  day.     And  when  they  were  all  met  together, 
they  took  the  road  toward  Castille;  and  they  halted  that  night 
chrMCid.  1^  ^  village  which  is  called  Siete  Aguas,  that  is  to  say,  the  Seven 

cap-  "284.  O  *--'  *' 

f  308.'"     Waters,  which  is  nine  leagues  from  Valencia. 
How  the  X.     Abenalfarax,  he  who  wrote  this  history  in  Arabic,  saith, 

iHZh^dty.  that  the  day  when  the  company  of  the  Cid  went  out  from  Valen- 
cia, and  discomfited  King  Bucar  and  the  six  and  thirty  Kings 
who  were  with  him,  the  Moors  of  Alcudia  and  of  the  suburbs 
thought  that  he  went  out  alive,  because  they  saw  him  on  horse- 
back, sword  in  hand ;  but  when  they  saw  that  he  Avent  towards 
Castille,  and  that  none  of  his  company  returned  into  the  town, 
they  were  astonished.     And  all  tliat  day  they  remained  in  such 
amaze,  that  they  neither  dared  go  into  the  tents  which  King 
Bucar's  host  had  left,  nor  enter  into  the  town,  thinking  that  the 
Cid  did  this  for  some  device ;  and  all  night  they  remained  in  the 
same  doubt,  so  that  they  dared  not  go  out  from  the  suburbs. 
When  it  was  morning  they  looked  towards  the  toAvn,  and  heard 
no  noise  there  ;  and  xVbenalfarax  then  took  horse,  and  taking  a 
man  with  him,  Avent  toAvard  the  town,  and  found  all  the  gates 
thereof  shut,  till  he  came  to  that  tlxrough  Avhich  the  company  of 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  33Q 

the  Cid  had  gone  forth  ;  and  he  Avent  into  the  city  and  traversed  BOOK 
the  greater  part  thereof,   and  found  no  man   therein,  and  he  ^.^v^ 
Avas  greatly  amazed.     Then  he  Avent  out  and  called  aloud  to  the 
iMoors  of  the  suburbs,  and  told  them  that  the  city  was  deserted 
by  the  Christians  ;  and  they  Avere  more  amazed  than  before  : 
ncAertheless  they  did  not  yet  dare  either  to  go  out  to  the  camp 
or  to  enter  into  the  town,  and  in  this  doubt  they  remained  till  it 
was  mid-day.     And  Avhen  they  saAV  that  no  person  appeared  on 
any  side,  Abenalfarax  returned  again  into  the  toAvn,  and  there 
Avent  Avith  him  a  great  company  of  the  best  Moors ;  and  they 
Avent  into  the  Alcazar,  and  looked   through  all  the  halls   and 
chambers,  and  they  found  neither  man  nor  living  thing;  but  they 
saAV  Avritten  upon  a  Avail  in  Arabic  characters  by  Cil  Diaz,  how 
the  Cid  Ruydiez  Avas  dead,  and  that  they  had  canied  him  aAvay 
in  that  manner  to  conquer  King  Bucar,  and  also  to  the  end  that 
n(?tie  might  oppose  their  going.     And  Avhen  the  Moors  saAv  this 
they  rejoiced  and  Avere  exceeding  glad,  and   they  opened  the 
gates  of  the  toAvn,  and  sent  to  tell  these  tidings  to  those  in  the 
suburbs.     And  they  came  Avith  their  Avives  and  children  into  the 
toAvn,  each  to  the  house  Avhich  had  been  his  before  the  Cid  won 
it.     And  from  that  day  Valencia  remained  in  the  poAver  of  the 
Moors  till  it  Avas  Avon  by  King  Don  Jay  me  of  Aragon,  he  who 
is  called   the   Con(jueror,  Avhicli  Avas  an  hundred   and  seventy 
years.     But  though  King  Don  Jayme  Avon  it,  it  is  ahvay  called 
Valencia  del  Cid.     On  the  morroAv  they  Avent  into  the  tents  of 
King  Bucar,  and  found  there  many  arms  ;   but  the  tents  Avere 
deserted,  save  only  that  they  found  certain  Avomen  avIio  had  hid 
themselves,  and  wiio  told  them  of  the  defeat  of  King  Bucar, 
And  the  dead  were  so  many  that  the}^  could  scarcely  make  Avay 
among  them.     And  they  went  on  through  this  great  mortality  to 
the  port,  and  there  they  saw  no  ships,  but  so  many  Moors  lying 
dead  that  tongue  of  man  cannot  tell  theii*  numbers ;  and  they 


^^Q  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  began  to  gather  up  the  spoils  of  the  field,  which  were  tents,  and 
^^    horses,  and  camels,  and  buffaloes,  and  flocks,  and  gold  and  sil- 
ver, and  garments,  and  store  of  provisions,   out  of  all  number, 
so  that  they  had  wherewith  to  suffice  the  city  of  Valencia  for 


caplili.' '  two  years,  and  to  sell  to  their  neighbours  also ;  and  they  were  full 
f.'aog!"'    rich  from  that  time. 

Hcothe  XI.  When  the  company  of  the  Cid  departed  from  the  Siete 

oftheCid    Aguas,  they  held    their  way  by  short  journies   to    Salvacaiiete. 

came  tomeet    .,,„.,  ,  i   •       i  t»        •  ^i  i        i 

the  bod;/.     And  the  Cid  went  alway  upon  his  horse  Jsavieca,  as  ttiey  had 
brought  him  out  fi'om  A'^alencia,  save  only  that  he  wore  no  arms, 
but  was  clad  in  right  noble  garments  ;  and  all  who  saw  him  upon 
the  way  would  have  thought  that  he  was  alive,  if  they  had  not 
heard  the  truth.      And  whenever  they  halted  they  took  the  body 
off,  fastened  to  the  saddle  as  it  was,  and  set  it  upon  that  frame 
which  Gil  Diaz  had  made,  and  when  they  went  forward  again, 
they  placed  it  in  like  manner  upon  the  horse  Bavieca.      And 
when  they  reached  Salvacaiiete,  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  and 
Dona  Ximena,  and  Alvar  Fanez,  and  the  other  honourable  men, 
sent  their  letters  to  all  the  kinsmen  and  friends  of  the  Cid  Ruy- 
diez,  bidding  them  come  and  do  honour  to  his  funeral ;  and  they 
sent  letters  also  to  his  sons-in-law,  the  Infantes  of  Aragon  and 
Navarre,  and  to  King  Don  Alfonso.     And  they  moved  on  from 
Salvacaiiete  and  came  to  Osma,  and  then  Alvar  Fanez  asked 
of  Dona  Ximena  if  they  should  not  put  the  body  of  the  Cid 
into  a  coffin  covered  with  purple  and  with  nails  of  gold;  but  she 
would  not,  for  she  said  that  while  his  countenance  remained  so 
fresh  and  comely,  and  his  eyes  so  fair,  his  body  should   never 
be  placed  in  a  coffin,  and  that  her  children  should  see  the  face  of 
their  father ;  and  they  thought  that  she  said  well,  so  the  body 
was  left  as  it  was.      And  at  the  end  of  fifteen  days  the  Infante 
of  Aragon  arrived,  with  Dona  Sol  his  wife,  and  they  brought  Avith 
them  an  hundred  armed  knights,  all  having  their  shields  reversed 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  ^a^^ 

lianging  from  the  saddle  bow,  and  all  in  grey  cloaks,  with  the  BOOK 
hoods  rent.      And   Dona  Sol  came  clad  in  linsey-woolse}',  she  sJ^ 
and  all  her  Avonien,  for  they  thought  that  mourning  was  to  be 
made  for  the  Cid.     But  when  they  came  within  half  a  league  of 
Osma,  they  saw  the  bannei-  of  the  Cid  coming  on,  and  all  his 
company  full  featly  apparelled.    And  Avlicn  they  drew  nigh  they 
perceived  that  they  were  weeping,  but  they  made  no  wailing ;  and 
when  they  saw  him  upon  his  horse  Bavieca,  according  as  ye 
have  heard,  they  were  greatly  amazed.       But  so  great  was  the 
sorrow  of  the  Inflmte  that  he  and  all  his  company  began  to  la- 
ment aloud.     And  Dona  Sol,  when  she  beheld  her  father,  took 
off  her  tire,  and  threw  it  upon  the  ground  and  began  to  tear  her 
hair,  which  was  like  threads  of  gold.  But  Dona  Ximena  held  hei 
hand  and  said.  Daughter,  you  do  ill,  in  that  you  break  the  com- 
mand of  your  father,  who  laid  his   curse  upon  all  who  should 
make  lamentation  for  him.     Then  Doiia  Sol  kissed  the  hand  of 
the  Cid  and  of  her  mother,  and  put  on  her  tire  again,  sayino-, 
Lady  mother,  I  have  connnitted  no  fault  in  this,  forasmuch  as  I 
knew  not  the  command  of  my  father.      And  then  they  turned 
back  to  Osma,  and  great  was  the  multitude  whom  they  found 
there  assembled  from  all  parts  to  see  the  Cid,  having  heard  in 
what  manner  he  was  brought,  for  they  held  it  to  be  a  strange 
thing ;  and  in  truth  it  was,  for  in  no  history  do  we  find  that  with 
the  body  of  a  dead  man  hath  there  been  done  a  thin^  so  noble 
and  strange  as  this.     Then  they  moved  on  from  Osma,  and  came 
to  Santesteban  de  Gormaz.     And  there  after  few  days  the  King 
of  Navarre  came  with  the  Queen  Doiia  Elvira  his  wife ;  and  they 
brought  with  them  two  hundred  knights;  howbeit  their  shields 
were  not  reversed,  for  they  had  heard  that  no  mourning  was  to 
be  made  for  the  Cid.     And  when  they  were  within  half  a  league 
of  Santesteban,  the  company  of  the  Cid  went  out  to  meet  them, 
as  they  had  the  Infante  of  Aragon  ;  and  they  made  no  other  la- 


342  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  mentation,  save  that  they  Avept  with  Dona  Eh'ira;  and  when  she 

XI 
s^ry^   came  up  to  the  body  of  her  father  she  kissed  his  hand,  and  the 

hand  of  Dona  Ximena  her  mother.  And  greatly  did  they  mar- 
vel when  they  saw  the  body  of  the  Cid  Ruydiez  how  fair  it  was, 
for  he  seemed  rather  alive  than  dead.  And  they  moved  on 
from  Santesteban,  towards  San  Pedro  de  Cardena.  Great  was 
the  concourse  of  people  to  see  the  Cid  Ruydiez  coming  in  that 
guise.  They,  came  from  Rioja,  and  from  all  Castille,  and  from 
all  the  country  round  about,  and  when  they  saw  him  their  won- 
^  cop.  i86.      der  was  the  greater,  and  hardly  could  they  be  ijersuaded  that  he 

Chr.  Gen. 

f.  310.       was  dead. 

How  King        XII.  At  this  time  King  Don  Alfonso  abode  in  Toledo,  and 
cttm>:  to  do"  when  the  letters  came  unto  him  saying  hoAv  the  Cid  Campeador 
ciX"'        was  departed,   and  after  Avhat  manner  he  had  discomfited  King 
Bucar,  and  how  they  brought  him  in  this  goodly  manner  upon 
his  horse  Bavieca,  he  set  out  from  Toledo,  taking  long  journies 
till  he  came  to  San  Pedro  de  Cardeiia,  to  do  honour  to  the  Cid 
at  his  funeral.     The  day  when  he  drew  nigh  the  Infante  of  Ara- 
gon  and  the  King  of  Navarre  went  out   to  meet  him,  and  they 
took  the  body  of  the  Cid  with  them  on  horseback,  as  far  as  the 
Monastery  of  San  Christoval  de  Ybcas,  which  is  a  league  from 
Cardena ;  and  they  went,  the  King  of  Navarre  on  one    side  of 
the  body,  and  the  Infante  of  Aragon  on  tlie  other.      And  when 
King  Don  Alfonso  saw  so  great  a  company  and  in  such  goodly 
array,  and  the  Cid  Ruydiez  so  nobly  clad  and  upon  his  horse 
Bavieca,  he   was  greatly  astonished.      Then  Alvar  Faiiez  and 
the  other  good  men  kissed  his  hand  in  the  name  of  the   Cid. 
And  the  King  beheld  his  countenance,  and  seeing  it  so  fresh  and 
comely,  and  his  eyes   so  bright  and  fair,   and  so  even  and  open 
that  he  seemed  alive,   he  marvelled  greatly.       But  when  they 
told  him  that  for  seven  days  he  had  drank  of  the  myrrh  and 
balsam,   and    had    neither    ate  nor   drank  of  aught   else,    and 


I 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^,.« 

how  he  had  afterwards  been  anointed  and  embalmed,  he  did  BOOK 
not  then  hold  it  for  so  great  a  wonder,  for  he  had  heard  that  in  ^J^ 
the  land  of  Egypt  they  were  wont  to  do  thus  with  their  Kings. 
When  they  had  all  returned  to  the  Monastery  they  took  the 
Cid  from  off  his  horse,  and  set  the  body  upon  the  frame,    as 
they  were  wont  to  do,  and  placed  it  before  the  altar.   Many  were 
the  honours  which  King  Don  Alfonso  did  to  the  Cid  in  masses 
and  vigils,  and  other  holy  services,  such  as  are  fitting  for  the 
body  and  soul  of  one  who  is  departed.     Moreover  he  did  great 
honour  to  the  King  of  Navarre,  and  to  the  Infante  of  Aragon, 
ordering  that  all  things  which  were  needful  should  be  given  to  Sasf'" 
them  and  their  companies.  f'ax^'"' 

XIII.   On  the  third  day  after  the  coming  of  King  Don  Al-  ncothc 
fonso,  they  would  have  interred  the  body  of  the  Cid,   but  when  cflfJ" 
the    King  heard  what   Dona   Ximena  had  said,   that  while  it  *^'"^'c/,ai>.'' 
was  so  fair  and  comely  it  should  not  be  laid  in  a  coffin,  he  held 
that  what  she  said  was  good.     And  he  sent  for  the  ivory  chair 
which  had  been  carried  to  the  Cortes  of  Toledo,  and  gave  order 
that  it  should  be  placed  on  the  right  of  the  altar  of  St.  Peter ; 
and   he  laid  a  cloth   of  gold  upon    it,  and  upon  that  placed  a 
cushion  covered  with  a  right  noble  tartari,   and   he  ordered  a 
graven   tabernacle  to  be  made  over  the  chair,  richly  wrought 
with  azure  and  gold,  having  thereon  the  blazonry  of  the   Kings 
of  CastiUe   and   Leon,   and  the   King  of  Navarre,  and  the  In^ 
fante   of  Aragon,    and   of  the    Cid    Ruydiez  the    Campeador. 
And  he  himself,   and    the    King  of  Navarre   and   the  Infante 
of  Aragon,  and  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  to  do  honour  to 
the  Cid,  helped  to  take  his  body  from  between  the  two  boards, 
in   which  it  had  been  fastened  at  Valencia.     And  when  they 
had  taken  it  out,  the  body  was  so  firm  that  it  bent  not  on  either 
side,  and   the  flesh  so  firm  and  comely,  that  it  seemed  as  if  he 
were  yet  alive.     And  the  King  thought  that  what  they  purport- 


<J4^  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  ed  to  do  and  had  thus  begun,  might  full  well  be  effected.  And 
^^-  they  clad  tlie  body  in  a  fiill  noble  tartari,  and  in  cloth  of  purple,^ 
Avhich  the  Soldan  of  Persia  had  sent  him,  and  put  him  on  hose 
of  the  same,  and  set  him  in  his  ivory  chair ;  and  in  his  left  hand 
they  placed  his  sword  Tizonain  its  scabbard,  and  the  strings  of  his 
mantle  in  his  right.  And  in  this  fashion  the  body  of  the  Cid 
remained  there  ten  years  and  more,  till  it  was  taken  thence,  as  the 

chr.dticid.  history  will  relate  anon.  And  when  his  garments  -waxed  old,  other 

cap.  288.  •' 

chT.  Gen.    oood  oucs  werc  put  on. 
i^.  311.       o  1 

„     ,  XIV.     Kino;  Don  Alfonso,  and   the  sons-in-law  of  the  Cid, 

How  the  O  ' 

rompam,      j^jno-  DoH  Rauiiro  of  Navarre,  and  the  Infante  Don  Sancho  of 

trake  up  <D  ^ 

ir«Vme.     ^Vntgou,  with  all  their  companies,  and  all  the  other  honourable 
men,  abode  three  weeks  in  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena,  doing  honour 
to  the  Cid.     And  the  Bishop  Don  Ilieronymo,  and  the  other 
Bishops  Avho  came  Avith  King  Don  Alfonso,  said  every  day  their 
masses,  and  accompanied  the  body  of  the  Cid  there  where  it  was 
placed,  and  sprinkled  holy  water  upon  it,  and  incensed  it,  as  is 
the  custom  to  do  over  a  grave.     And  after  three  weeks  they  Avho 
were  there  assembled  began  to  break  up,  and  depart  to  their 
own   hovises.     And   of  the   company   of  the   Cid,    some  went 
with   the  King  of  Navarre,   and  other  some  with  the  Infante  of 
Aragon ;    but  the  greater  number,  and    the   most    honourable 
among  them,  betook  themselves  to  King  Don  Alfonso,  whose  na- 
tural subjects  they  were.     And  Doiia  Ximena  and  her  compa- 
nions abode  in  San  Pedro  de  Cardena,  and  Gil  Diaz  with  her, 
as  the  Cid  had  commanded  in  his  testament.     And  the  Bishop 
Don  Hieronymo,  and  Alvar  Faiiez  Minaya,  and  Pero  Bermu- 
r«p.'288.'    dez,  remained  there  also  till  they  had  fulfilled  all  that  the  Cid 
ff.  ail.'"     Ruydiez  had  commanded  in  his  testament  to  be  done. 
Of  the  ere       XV.     Gil  Diaz  did  his  best  endeavour  to  fulfil  all  that  his 
teAn<o/5a-  Lord  the  Cid  Ruydiez  had  commanded  him,  and  to  serve  Doim 

VK'Cfl. 

Ximena  and  her  companions  truly  and  faithfully ;  and  this  he 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    ]3E    BIVAR.  345 

(lid  SO  well,  that  she  was  well  pleased  with  his  faithfulness.     And  ^^^^ 
Dona  Ximena  fulfilled  all  that  the  Cid  had  commanded  her ;  and  ^1,^;^ 
every  day  she  had  masses  performed  for  his  soul,  and  appointed 
many  vigils,  and  gave  great  alms  for  the  soul  of  the  Cid  and  of  his 
family.    And  this  Avas  the  life  which  she  led,  doing  good  wherever 
it  was  needful  for  the  love  of  God  ;  and  she  was  alway  by  the  body 
of  the  Cid,  save  only  at  meal  times  and  at  night,  for  then  they 
would  not  permit  her  to  tarry  there,  save  only  Avhen  vigils  were 
kept  in  honour  of  him.     Moreover  Gil  Diaz  took  great  delight 
in  tending  the  horse  Bavieca,  so  that  there  Avere  fcAv  days  in 
which  he  did  not  lead  him  to  Avater,  and  bring  him  back  Avith 
his  OAvn  hand.     And  from  the  day  in  Avhich  the  dead  body  of 
the   Cid  Avas  taken  off  his  back,  never  man   Avas    suffered   to 
bestride  that  horse,   but  he  Avas  ahvay  led  Avhen  they  took  him 
to  Avater,  and  Avhen  they  brought  him   back.     And  Gil  Diaz 
thought  it  fitting  that  the  race  of  that  good  horse  should  be  con- 
tinued, and  he  bought  tAVO  mares  for  him,  the  goodliest  that  could 
be   found,    and  Avhen  they    Avere  Avith  foal,  he  saAV  that   they 
Avere  well  taken  care  of,  and  they  brought  forth  the  one  a  male 
colt  and  the  other  a  female ;  and  from  these  the  race  of  this  good 
horse  Avas  kept  up  in  Castille,  so  that  there  were  afterwards 
many  good  and  precious  horses  of  his  race,  and  peradventure 
are  at  this  day.   And  this  good  horse  lived  tAvo  years  and  a  half 
after  the  death  of  his  master  the  Cid,  »n(\  then  he  died  also,  having 
lived,  according  to  the  history,  full  forty  years.      And  Gil  Diaz 
buried  him  before  the  gate  of  the  Monastery,  in  the  pubhc  place, 
on  the  right  hand  ;  and  he  planted  two  elms  upon  the  grave,  the 
one  at  liis  head  and  the  other  at  his  feet,  and  these  elms  grcAV  and 
became  great  trees,  and  are  yet  to  be  seen  before  the  gate  of 
tjie  Monastery.  And  Gil  Diaz  gave  order  that  Avhen  he  died  they 
should  bury  him  by  that   good  horse    Bavieca,  Avhom  he  had  ^^'3,,.' 

Chr.del 


Chr.  Gen. 


Chr.delCiJ. 

loved  so  Avell.  '■"f-  ■^«»" 

2  Y 


Ximena, 


34f;  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID. 

BOOK  XVI.  Four  years  after  the  Cid  had  departed  that  noble  lady 
J^^^   Dona  Ximena  departed  also,  she  who  had  been  the  wife  of  that 

o/Dont""'  noble  baron  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  the  Campeador.  At  that  time  Don 
Garcia  Tellez  was  Abbot  of  the  Monastery,  a  right  noble  monk, 
and  a  great  hidalgo.  And  the  Abbot  and  Gil  Diaz  sent  for  the 
daughters  of  the  Cid  and  Dona  Ximena  to  come  and  honour 
their  mother  at  her  funeral,  and  to  inherit  Avhat  she  had  left. 
Dona  Sol,  who  was  the  younger,  came  first,  because  Aragon  is 
nearer  than  Nav^arre,  and  also  because  she  was  a  widow ;  for 
the  Infante  Don  Sancho,  her  husband,  had  departed  three 
years  after  the  death  of  the  Cid,  and  had  left  no  child.  King 
Don  Ramiro  soon  arrived  with  the  other  dame.  Queen  Dona 
Elvira  his  wife,  and  he  brought  with  him  a  great  company  in 
honour  of  his  wife's  mother,  and  also  the  Bishop  of  Pamplona, 
to  do  honour  to  her  funeral ;  and  the  Infante  Don  Garcia 
Ramirez,  their  son,  came  with  them,  being  a  child  of  four  years 
old.  Moreover  there  came  friends  and  kinsmen  from  all  parts. 
And  when  they  Avere  all  assembled  they  buried  the  body  of 
Dona  Ximena  at  the  feet  of  the  ivory  chair  on  Avhich  the  Cid 
was  seated  ;  and  the  Bishop  of  Pamplona  said  mass,  and  the 
Abbot  Don  Garcia  Tellez  officiated.  And  they  tarried  there 
seven  days,  singing  many  masses,  and  doing  much  good  for 
her  soul's  sake.  And  in  that  time  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo 
arrived,  who  abode  Avith  King  Don  Alfonso,  and  he  came  to  do 
honour  to  the  body  of  Doiia  Ximena ;  for  so  soon  as  he  heard 
that  she  was  departed,  he  set  off  taking  long  journies  every  day. 
And  when  the  seven  days  Avere  over,  King  Don  Ramiro  and 
Queen  Dona  Elvira  his  wife,  and  her  sister  Dona  Sol,  set  apart 
rents  for  the  soul  of  Dona  Ximena,  and  they  appointed  that  Gil 
Diaz  should  have  them  for  his  life,  and  that  then  they  should  go 
to  the  Monastery  for  ever :  and  they  ordained  certain  anniver- 
saries for  the  souls  of  the  Cid  and  of  Dona  Ximena.     After 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^^j 

this  was  done  they  divided  between  them  what  Dona  Ximena  BOOK 
had  left,  which  was  a  great  treasure  in  gold  and  in  silver,  and  in  ^^^-^ 
costly  garments  ;  .  .  the  one  half  Queen  Dona  Elvira  took,   and 
Dona  Sol  the  other.     And  Avhen  they  had  thus  divided  it,  Dona 
Sol  said  that  all  which  she  had  in  the  world  should  be  for  her 
nephew  the  Infante  Don  Garcia  Ramirez,   and  with  the  good 
will  of  Queen  Elvira  his  mother,  she  adopted  him  then  to  be  her 
son,  and  she  took  him  with  her  to  Aragon,  to  the  lands  which 
had  been  given  her  in  dower,  and  bred  him  up  till  he  became  a 
young  man ;  and  after  the  death  of  his  father  he  was  made 
King  of  Navarre,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  book  of  the  Chronicles 
of  the  Kings  of  Spain.     And  when  all  these  things  were  done 
they  departed  each  to  his  own  home,  and  Gil  Diaz  remained, 
serving  and  doing  honour  to  the  bodies  of  his  master  the  Cid  and  cap^ ago.' ' 
Dona  Ximena  his  mistress.  f.  312.'"' 


XVII.  Now  Don  Garcia  Tellez  the  Abbot,  and  the  trusty  of 


what 


happened  (» 
a  Jew  who 
would  have 


Gil  Diaz,  Avere  wont  every  year  to  make  a  great  festival  on  the  a  Jew  who 
day  of  the  Cid's  departure,  and  on  that  anniversary  they  gave  taken  thecid 
food  and  cloathing  to  the  poor,  Avho  came  from  all  parts  round 
about.  And  it  came  to  pass  Avhen  they  made  the  seventh  anni- 
versary, that  a  great  multitude  assembled  as  they  Avere  Avont  to 
do,  and  many  Moors  and  Jews  came  to  see  the  strange  manner 
of  the  Cid's  body.  And  it  Avas  the  custom  of  the  Abbot  Don 
Garcia  Tellez,  Avhen  they  made  that  anniversary,  to  make  a 
right  noble  sermon  to  the  people :  and  because  the  multitude 
Avhich  had  assembled  Avas  so  great  that  the  Church  could  not 
hold  them,  they  Avent  out  into  the  open  place  before  the  Mo- 
nastery, and  he  preached  unto  them  there.  And  Avhile  he  Avas 
preaching  there  remained  a  Jcav  in  the  Church,  Avho  stopt  before 
the  body  of  the  Cid,  looking  at  him  to  see  hoAv  nobly  he  Avas 
there  seated,  having  his  countenance  so  fair  and  comely,  and 
his  long  beard  in  such  goodly  order,  and  his  SAvord  Tizona  in  its 


548  CHRONICLE    OF    THE  CID, 

BOOK  scabbard  in  his  left  hand,  and  the  strino;s  of  his  mantle  in  his 

XT-  . 

sj^r^  I'ight,  even  in  such  manner  as  King  Don  Alfonso  had  left  him, 

save  only  that  the  garments  had  been  changed,  it  being  now 

seven  years  since  the  body  had  remained  there  in  that  ivory 

chair.     Now  there  was  not  a  man  in  the  Church  save  this  Jew, 

for  all  the  others  were  hearing  the  preachment  which  the  Abbot 

made.     And  when  this  Jew  perceived  that  he"  was  alone,  he 

began  to  think  within  himself  and  say.  This  is  the  body  of  that 

Ruj^diez  the  Cid,  whom  the}'  say  no  man  in  the  Avorld  ever  took 

by  the  beard  while  he  lived  ...  I  will  take  him  by  the  beard  now, 

and  see  what  he  can  do  to  me.     And  with  that  he  put  forth  his 

hand  to  pull  the  beard  of  the  Cid  ; . .  but  before  his  hand  could 

reach  it,  God,  who  would  not  suffer  this  thing  to  be  done,  sent 

his  spirit  into  the  body,  and  the  Cid  let  the  strings  of  his  mantle 

go  from  his  right  hand,  and  laid  hand  on  his  sword  Tizona,  and 

drew  it  a  full  palm's  length  out  of  the  scabbard.     And  when  the 

Jew  saw  this,  he  fell  upon  his  back  for  great  fear,  and  began  to 

cry  out  so  loudly,  that  all  they  who  were  without  the  Church 

heard  him,  and  the  Abbot  broke  off  his  preachment  and  went 

into  the  Church  to  see  what  it  might  be.     And  when  they  came 

they  found  this  Jew  lying  upon  his  back  before  the  ivory  chair, 

like  one  dead,  for  he  had  ceased  to  cry  out,  and  had  swooned 

away.     And  then  the  Abbot  Don  Garcia  Tellez  looked  at  the 

body  of  the  Cid,  and  saw  that  his  right  hand  Avas  upon  the  hilt 

of  the  sword,  and  that  he  had  drawn  it  out  a  full  palm's  length ; 

and  he  was  greatly  amazed.     And  he  called  for  holy  water,  and 

threw  it  in  the  face  of  the  Jew,  and  Avith  that  the  Jew  came 

to  himself.     Then  the  Abbot  asked  him  what  all  this  had  been, 

and  he  told  him  the  whole  truth ;  and  he  knelt  down  upon  his 

knees  before  the  Abbot,  and  besought  him  of  his  mercy  that  he 

would  make  a  Christian  of  him,  because  of  this  great  miracle 

which  he  had  seen,  and  baptize  him  in  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ, 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  cj^g 

for  he  would  live  and  die  in  his  faith,  holding  all  other  to  be  BOOK 
but  error.     And  the  Abbot  baptized  him  in  the  name  of  the  J^^ 
Holy  Trinity,  and  gave  him  to  name  Diego  Gil.     And  all  who 
were  there  present  were  greatly  amazed,  and  they  made  a  great 
outcry  and  great  rejoicings  to  God  for  this  miracle,  and  for  the 
power  which  he  had  shown  through  the  body  of  the  Cid  in  this 
manner;    for  it  was   plain  that  Avhat  the  Jew  said  was  verily 
and  indeed  true,  because  the  posture  of  the  Cid  was  changed,  chr.deiad. 
And  from  that  day  forward  Diego  Gil  remained  in  the  IMonas-  29^:. ^^'' 

.  1  1         !■  1        1     •  Chr.  Gen. 

tery  as  long  as  he  lived,  domg  service  to  the  body  of  the  Cid.       /-s's- 

XVIII.  After  that  day  the  body  of  the  Cid  remained  in  the  Homhctody 
same  posture,  tor  they  never  took  his  hand  oft  the  sv,'ord,  nor  ""'«"««"'<'• 
changed  his  garments  more,  and  thus  it  remained  three  years 
longer,  till  it  had  been  there  ten  years  in  all.  And  then  the  nose 
began  to  change  colour.  And  when  the  Abbot  Don  Garcia 
Tellez  and  Gil  Diaz  saw  this,  they  weened  that  it  was  no  lono-er 
fitting  for  the  body  to  remain  in  that  manner.  And  three 
Eishops  from  the  neighbouring  provinces  met  there,  and  with 
many  masses  and  vigils,  and  great  honour,   they  interred  the 

body  after  this  manner.     They  dug  a  vault  before  the  altar, 
beside  the  grave  of  Dona  Ximena,  and  vaulted  it  over  with  a 
high  arch,  and  there  they  placed  the  body  of  the  Cid  seated  as 
it  was  in   the  ivory  chair,   and   in  his  garments,  and   with  the  ^^fo'i^"^ 
sword  in  his  hand,  and  they  hung  up  his  shield  and  his  banner  ^'^ ^'is'"' 
upon  the  walls.  33.  §  384. 

XIX.  After  the  body  of  the  noble  Cid  Campeador  had  been  o/thedeath 
thus  honourably  interred,  Gil  Diaz  his  trusty  servant  abode  still  "-^ ^'' ^"''•■ 
in  the  Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena,  doing  service  to  the 
graves  of  the  Cid  and  Dona  Ximena,  and  making  their  anniver- 
saries, and  celebrating  masses,   and   giving  great  alms  to  the 

poor  both  in  food  and  clothing,  for  the  good  of  their  souls ;  and 
in  this  manner  he  lived  while  Don  Garcia  Tellez  was  Abbot, 


350  CHRONICLE   OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  and  two  others  after  him,  and  then  he  died.     And  his  deport- 

XI  . 

\J-Y^   ment  liad  alway  been  such  in  that  Monastery,  that  all  there 

were  his  friends,  and  lamented  greatly  at  his  death,  because 

he  had  led  so  devout  and  good  a  life,  and  served  so  trustily  at 

the  graves  of  his  master  and  mistress.     And  at  the  time  of  his 

death  he  gave  order  that  they  should  lay  his  body  beside  the 

good  horse  Bavieca  whom  he  had  loved  so  well,  in  the  grave 

which  he  had  made  there  for  himself  while  he  was  living.     And 

Diego  Gil  remained  in  his  place,  doing  the  same  service  which 

J/.  313.       he  had  done,  till  he  departed  also.     And  the  history  saith  that 

Chr.ddCld.  1      /^-      -rx-  i       tn-  /-<-i  i 

cap. 292.     though  Gil  Diaz  was  good,  Diego  Gil  Avas  even  better. 

tiowtheKwg      XX.  Eighty  and  six  years  after  the  death  of  the  Cid  Cam- 

of  Navarre 

restored  the  peador,  tliat  is  to  say,  in  the  year  of  the  Era  1223,  which  is 
hchadtaken  thc  vcar  of  the  Incarnation   1185,  it  came  to  pass,  that  there 

t7i  ho}iour  to  ''  ^ 

the  cui.  ^y^g  y^^Y  between  the  Kings  of  Leon  and  NavaiTC  on  the  one 
part,  and  the  King  of  Castille  on  the  other,  notwithstanding 
this  King  Don  Saiicho  of  Navarre  Avas  uncle  to  the  King  of 
Castille,  being  his  mother's  brother.  And  this  King  Don  San- 
cho  entered  into  the  lands  of  his  nephew  King  Don  Alfonso 
of  Castille,  and  advanced  as  far  as  Burgos,  and  with  his  sword 
he  struck  a  great  stroke  into  the  elm  tree  which  is  before  the 
Church  of  St.  John  at  Burgos,  in  token  that  he  had  taken 
possession  of  all  that  land  ;  and  he  carried  away  with  him  a 
great  l^ooty  in  flocks  and  herds  and  beasts  of  the  plough,  and 
whatever  else  he  coukl  find,  and  with  all  this  booty  Avent  his  Avay 
toAvard  Navarre.  Noav  he  had  to  pass  nigh  the  Monastery  of  St. 
Pedro  de  Cardena,  Avhere  the  body  of  the  Cid  Campeador  la}^. 
And  at  that  time  the  Abbot  of  the  Monastery,  Avhose  name  Avas 
Don  Juan,  Avas  a  good  man,  and  a  hidalgo,  and  stricken  in  years; 
and  he  had  been  a  doughty  man  in  arms  in  his  day.  And  Avhen  he 
saAv  this  great  booty  being  driven  out  of  Castille,  he  was  sorely 
arieved  at  the  sight,  and  though  he  Avas  noAV  an  old  man, and  it  Avas 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  35  j 

long  since  he  had  got  on  horseback,  he  went  to  horse  no\v,  and  BOOK 
took  ten  monks  with  him,  and  bade  the  strongest  among  them  take  ^'" 
down  the  banner  of  the  Cid  from  the  place  where  it  was  hung  up, 
and  he  went  after  Kmg  Don  Sancho  who  was  carrying  away  the 
spoil.  And  the  King  when  he  saw  him  coming  marv'^elled  what 
banner  this  might  be,  for  in  those  days  there  was  no  banner  hke 
unto  that  borne  by  any  man  in  all  the  kingdoms  of  Spain  ;  and 
perceiving  how  few  they  were  who  came  with  it,  he  halted  to  see 
what  it  might  be.  And  the  Abbot  humbled  himself  before  him 
when  he  came  up,  and  said.  King  Don  Sancho  of  Navarre,  I  am 
the  Abbot  of  this  Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardeiia,  Avherein 
lies  the  body  of  the  Cid  Campeador,  your  great  grandfather  ; 
and  for  that  reason  presuming  on  your  bounty  and  favoui', 
I  am  come  hither  Avith  this  banner,  which  was  borne  before 
him  in  his  battles,  to  beseech  you  that  you  would  leave  this 
booty  for  the  honour  of  this  banner  and  of  the  body  of  the 
Cid.  And  when  King  Don  Sancho  heard  this,  he  marvelled 
at  the  great  courage  of  the  man,  that  he  should  thus  without 
fear  ask  of  him  to  restore  his  booty.  And  he  said  unto 
him  after  awhile,  Good  man,  I  know  you  not:  but  for  Avhat 
you  have  said  I  Avill  give  back  the  booty,  for  which  there 
are  many  reasons.  For  I  am  of  the  lineage  of  the  Cid,  as  you 
say,  and  my  father  King  Don  Garcia  being  the  son  of  Dona 
Elvira  his  daughter,  this  is  the  first  reason ;  and  the  second  is 
for  the  honour  of  his  body  Avhich  lies  in  your  Monastery ;  and 
the  third  is  in  reverence  to  this  his  banner,  which  never  was 
defeated.  And  if  none  of  these  were  of  any  avail,  yet  ought 
I  to  restore  it  were  it  only  for  this,  that  if  he  were  living- 
there  is  none  who  could  drive  away  the  spoils  of  Castille,  he 
being  so  near.  For  the  love  of  God  therefore,  and  of  my 
forefather  the  Cid,  I  give  it  to  him,  and  to  you,  who  have 
known  so  well  how  to  ask  it  at  my  hands.      When  the  Abbot 


352  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CII>, 

BOOK  heard  this  ^  e  was  as  joyful  as  he  could  be,  and  would  have  kis- 
^^-^  sed  the  hand  of  King  Don  Sancho,  but  the  King  would  not  suffer 
this  because  he  was  a  priest  of  the  mass.  Then  the  King  ordered 
the  spoil  to  be  driven  to  the  Monastery,  and  went  himself  with 
it,  and  saw  the  banner  hung  up  again  in  its  place,  and  abode 
there  three  Aveeks,  till  all  that  booty  had  been  restored  to  the 
persons  from  whom  it  was  taken.  And  when  this  was  done  he 
offered  to  the  Monastery  two  hundred  pieces  of  gold  for  the  soul 
of  his  forefather  the  Cid,  and  returned  into  his  kingdom  of  Na- 
wp?293^"''  varre,  and  did  no  more  evil  at  that  time  in  the  realm  of  Castille. 
This  good  service  the  Cid  Ruydiez  did  to  Castille  after  his  death. 


?.314. 


How  the  Cid      XXI.  Moreover  when  the    Miramamolin   brought  over  from 


zvent  to  tht 


f 


Mtbattl  Africa  against  King  Don  Alfonso,  the  eighth  ef  that  name,  the 
dc'roLT."'  mightiest  power  of  the  misbelievers  that  had  ever  been  brought 
against  Spain  since  the  destruction  of  the  Kings  of  the  Goths, 
the  Cid  Campeador  remembered  his  country  in  that  great 
danger.  For  the  night  before  the  battle  was  fought  at  the  Navas 
de  Tolosa,  in  the  dead  of  the  night,  a  mighty  sound  was  heard 
in  the  whole  city  of  Leon,  as  if  it  were  the  tramp  of  a  great 
army  passing  through.  And  it  passed  on  to  the  Royal  Monas- 
tery of  St.  Isidro,  and  there  was  a  great  knocking  at  the  gate 
thereof,  and  they  called  to  a  priest  who  was  keeping  vigils  in  the 
Church,  and  told  him,  that  the  Captains  of  the  army  whom  he 
heard  were  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  and  Count  Ferran  Gonzalez,  and  that 
they  came  there  to  call  up  King  Don  Ferrando  the  Great, 
who  lay  buried  in  that  church,  that  he  might  go  with  them 
to  deliver  Spain.  And  on  the  morrow  that  great  battle  of  tlie 
Xavas  de  Tolosa  was  fought,  Avhercin  sixty  thousand  ofjthe 
^h"'Gen.  misbelievers  were  slain,  which  was  one  of  the  greatest' and 
7:1  'ff.ll-i.  noblest  battles  ever  won  over  the  Moors  *. 


'  This  ihing,  says  Yepes,  God  permitted  to  be  heard  in  Leon,  that  it  might 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  353 

XXII.  The  body  of  the  Cid  remained  in  the  vault  wherein  it  BOOK 
had  been  placed  as  ye  have  heard,  till  the  year  of  thef  ncarna-  < — ^ 
tion  1272,  when  King  Don  Alfonso  the  AVise,  for  the  great  dIa^Lo 

the  /^  'i&€ 

reverence  which  he  bore  the  memory  of  the  Cid  his  forefather,  nmoved  the 

_  body  of  the 

ordered  a  coffin  to  be  made  for  him,  which  was  hewn  out  ot  two  ad. 
great  stones ;  and  in  this  the  body  of  the  Cid  was  laid,  and  they 
placed  it  on  that  side  where  the  Epistle  is  read ;  and  before  it, 
in  a  wooden  coffin,  they  laid  tlie  body  of  Dona  Ximena.  And 
round  about  the  stone  coffin  these  verses  were  graven,  in  the 
Latin  tongue,  being,  according  as  it  is  said,  composed  by  King 
Don  Alfonso  himself. 

BELLIGER,  INVTCTUS,  FAMOSUS   MARTE  TRIUMPHIS, 
CLAUDITUR   HOC   TUMULO  MAGNUS   DIDACI   RODERICUS. 

And  upon  his  tomb  he  ordered  these  verses  to  be  graven  also : 

QUANTUM   ROMA   POTENS   BELLICIS  EXTOLLITUR  ACTIS, 
VIVAX    ARTHURUS    FIT   GLORIA   QUANTUM   BRITANNIS, 
NOBILIS   E   CAROLO  QUANTUM   GAUDET   FRANCIA  MAGNO, 
TANTUM   IBERIA  DURIS   CID   INVICTUS   CLARET. 

And  upon  the  walls  it  was  thus  written.  I  who  lie  here  interred 
am  the  Cid  Ruydiez,  who  conquered  King  Bucar  with  six  and 
thirty  Kings  of  the  Moors ;  and  of  those  six  and  thirty,  twenty 
and  two  died  in  the  field.  Before  Valencia  I  conquered  them, 
on  horseback,  after  I  was  dead,  being  the  seventy  and  second  5.3T"384. 


be  known  how  those  persons  whom  the  Gentiles  in  their  vanity  call  Heroes,  and 
the  world  holds  for  excellent  men,  do  in  Heaven  take  thought  for  the  things 
of  this  world ;  and  though  their  bodies  were  not  verily  and  indeed  present,  yet 
inasmuch  as  their  souls  so  vehemently  desired  to  be  there,  this  sound  of  their 
march  was  permitted  to  be  heard,  that  it  might  b?  known  how  they  were  still 
watchful  for  the  good  of  Spain. 

2  Z 


354,  CHRONICLE  of  the  cid, 

BOOK  battle  M'liich  I  won.     I  am  he  who  won  the  swords  Colada  and 
s.,-^,^^^  Tizona.     God  be  praised,  Araen.  ^. 

Of  these-  XXIII.  The  body  of  the  Cid  remained  here  till  the  year  of 
rfthlZdZ  the  Incarnation  1447,  when  the  Abbot  Don  Pedro  del  Burgo 
uas  resolved  ordcrcd  thc  old  Church  to  be  pulled  down  that  a  new  one  mioht 

to  remove ''     ,  ,       ■ ,       .         . 

-gain.  be  bunt  in  its  place.  And  then  as  all  the  sepulchres  were 
removed,  that  of  the  Cid  was  removed  also,  and  they  placed 
it  in  front  of  the  Sacristy,  upon  four  stone  lions.  And  in 
the  year  1540  God  put  it  in  the  heart  of  the  Abbot  and  Prior, 
Monks  and  Convent  of  the  Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardena, 
for  the  glory  of  God,  and  the  honour  of  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul,  and  of  the  Cid  and  other  good  knights  who  lay  buried 
there,  and  for  the  devotion  of  the  people,  to  beautify  the  great 
Chapel  of  the  said  Monastery  with  a  rich  choir  and  stalls,  and 
new  altars,  and  goodly  steps  to  lead  up  to  them.  And  as  they 
were  doing  this  they  found  that  the  tomb  of  the  blessed  Cid, 
if  they  left  it  where  it  was,  which  was  in  front  of  the  door  of  the 
Sacristy,  before  the  steps  of  the  altar,  it  would  neither  be  seemly 
for  the  service  of  the  altar,  because  it  was  in  the  way  thereof, 
nor  for  his  dignity,  by  reason  that  they  might  stumble  against 
it ; . .  moreover  it  was  fallen  somewhat  to  deca}',  and  set  badly 
upon  the  stone  lions  Avhich  supported  it ;  and  there  were  other 
knights  placed  above  him.  Whereupon  the  Abbot,  Prior,  Monks, 
and  Convent,  resolved  that  they  Avould  translate  his  body,  and 
remove  the  other  tombs  to  places  convenient  for  them,  holding 
that  it  was  not  meet  that  those  who  neither  in  their  exploits  nor 
in  holiness  had  equalled  him  in  life,  should  have  precedency  of 
him  after  death.  And  they  were  of  accord  that  the  day  of  this 
translation  should  not  be  made  public,  knowing  how  great  the 
number  would  be  of  knights  and  other  persons  who  would  be 
desirous  of  being  at  this  festival,  for  which  cause  they  doubted 
least  some  misadventure  would  betide  of  tumults  and  deaths,  or 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  $5^ 

scandals,  such  as  are  wont  to  happen  on  such  occasions  ;  they  BOOK 
were  therefore  minded  to  do  this  thing  without  giving  knowledge    vj-^ 
thereof  to  any  but  those  who  were  in  the  Monastery,  who  were 
of  many  nations    and  conditions,  and  who  were  enow  to  bear 
testimony   when   it  was  done ;   for  there   Avas   no    lack  there, 
besides  the  religious,  of  knights,  squires,  hidalgos,  labourers,  and  ^^^^^^^ 
folk  of  the  city  and  the  district  round  about,  and  Biscayans  and  ^'/„y/];- 
mountaineers,  and  men  of  Burgundy  and  of  France. 

XXIV.  So  on  Thursday,  the  eighth  day  of  Epiphany,  being  Q^Qlm^- 
the  thirteenth  day  of  January  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1541,  and  f^e^ejid 
at  the  hour  of  complines,  the  Abbot  and  Convent  being  assem-  -'^iiftcj. 
bled,  together  with  serving-men  and  artificers  Avho  were  called 
for  this  purpose,  they  made  that  night  wooden  biers  that  the 
tomb  might  be  moved  more  easily  and  reverently,  and  with  less 
danger.  ^And  on  the  morrow,  which  was  Friday,  the  fourteenth 
day  of  the  said  month  and  year,  the  Convent  having  said  primes, 
and  the  mass  of  Our  Lady,  according  to  custom,  and  the  Abbot 
Fray  Lope  de  Frias,  who  was  a  native  of  Velorado,  having  con- 
fessed and  said  mass,  the  doors  of  the  Church  being  open,  and 
the  altar  richly  drest,  and  the  bells  ringing  as  they  are  wont  to 
do  upon  great  festivals,  at  eight  in  the  morning  there  assembled 
in  the  Church  all  the  brethren  of  the  IMonastery,  nineteen  in 
number,  the  other  fifteen  being  absent  each  in  his  avocation ; 
and  there  were  present  with  them  Sancho  de  Ocana,  Merino  and 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Monastery  ;  Juan  de  Resales,  Pedro  de 
Euseras,  and  Juan  Ruyz,  squires  of  the  house ;  master  Ochoa 
de  Artiaga,  a  mason,  with  his  men ;  Andres  de  Carnica,  and 
Domingo  de  Artiaga,  master  Pablo  and  master  Borgonon, 
stone-cutters,  with  their  men ;  and  master  Juan,  a  smith,  with 
his ;  and  all  the  other  workmen  and  serving-men  and  traders 
who  were  in  the  house.  And  the  Abbot  being  clad  in  rich  vest- 
ments, and  the  ministers  and  acolites   with  him,  with  cross, 


^^Q  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  candles,  and  torches  burning,   went  all  in  procession  to  Our 
.S^^  Lady's  altar,  where  the  sacrament  was  at  that  time  kept,  be- 
cause of  the  repairs  Avhich  were  going  on  in  the  great  Chapel ; 
and  all  kneeling  on  their  knees,  and  having  recited  the  Pater- 
noster and  Ave-maria,  the  Abbot  gave  a  sign,  and  the  Precentor 
of  the  Convent  began  in  plain  descant  the  antiphony  Salvator 
Mundi.    And  when  the  whole  Convent  had  sung  this,  the  Abbot 
said  the  verse  Ostende  nobis,  and  the  verse  Post  partum  virgo, 
and    the   prayer  Omnipotens  sempiterne  Deiis,  qui  es  omnium 
dubitantium  certitudo,  and  the  prayer  Dens  qui  salutis  cEternce, 
demanding  the  grace  and  favour  of  the  Lord.     When  this  was 
done  they  returned  in  procession  to  the  great  Chapel,  before  the 
tomb  of  the  blessed  Cid,  and  then  the  choir  began  the  anthem 
Mirabilis  Deus,   saying  it  to  the  organ.     And  while  this  was 
singing  in  great  accord,   the  Avorkmen  stood  ready  with  their 
instruments  in  hand,  to  lift  off  the  upper  stone  of  the  coffin, 
because  it  was  well  nigh  impossible  to  remove  the  whole  toge- 
ther, and  also  because  the  Abbot,  Prior,  and  Convent,  had  re- 
solved to  see  that  holy  body  and  relicks,  by  reason  of  the  devo- 
tion which  they  bore  to  the  blessed  Cid,  and  that  they  might 
bear  testimony  in  what  manner  he  lay  in  that  tomb,  wherein  he 
had  been  deposited  so  many  years  ago,  as  behoved  them  for  tlie 
Frias.        honour  of  the  Cid  and  the  authority  of  the  Monastery. 
jhwthe  XXV.    When  the  anthem  was  finished,  the  Abbot  said  the 

inionZas  verse  Exultabunt  sancti  in  gloria,  and  the  prayer  Deus  qui  es 
per  ome .  ^^^^^.^^^^^  glovia  sevvorum.  And  when  all  had  said  Amen,  the 
Abbot  himself,  with  a  little  bar  of  iron,  began  first  to  move  the 
lid  of  tlie  stone  coffin ;  and  then  the  workmen  and  others  easily 
lifted  it  off  upon  the  bier,  and  thus  the  tomb  was  laid  open ;  and 
there  appeared  Avithin  it  a  coffin  of  Avood  fastened  doAvn  with 
gilt  nails,  the  hair  of  the  coffin  being  entirely  gone,  and  great 
part  of  the  Avood  decayed  also.     Within  this  coffin  Avas  the  holy 


RODRIGO   DIAZ   DE    BIVAR.  ^^j 

body,  now  well  nigh  consumed,  nothing  but  the  bones  remaining  BOOK 
entire.  On  some  of  the  bones  the  flesh  was  still  remaining,  not  J^ 
discoloured,  but  with  a  rosy  colour,  and  the  bones  were  of  the 
same  rosy  colour,  and  the  flesh  also  which  had  fallen  fi-om  them. 
The  body  was  wrapt  in  a  sendal  wrought  after  the  Moorish 
fashion,  with  sword  and  spear  by  its  side,  as  tokens  of  knight- 
hood. As  soon  as  the  coffin  was  opened  there  issued  forth  a 
good  odour,  and  comforting  fragrance.  It  appeared  that  no  part 
of  the  body  was  wanting  ;  but  this  Avas  not  narrowly  examined, 
by  reason  of  the  reverence  which  they  bore  it.  After  all  this  had 
been  seen  well  and  leisurely  by  all  those  who  were  present,  the 
Abbot  and  his  ministers  passed  a  clean  sheet  under  the  coffin, 
and  collecting  into  it  all  the  bones  and  holy  dust,  covered  it 
with  another  sheet,  and  took  it  out,  and  laid  it  upon  the  high 
altar,  with  candles  and  torches  on  each  side  ;  and  in  this  manner 
it  remained  there  all  day,  till  it  was  time  to  deposit  it  in  the 
tomb.  And  all  this  while  the  choristers  suns;  to  the  oraan,  and 
the  organ  responded.  And  when  the  body  was  laid  upon  the 
altar,  the  Abbot  said  the  verse  Mirahilis  Dens,  and  the  pra3^er 
Magnijicet  te  Dotnine  sanctorum  tuorum  bcata  solemnitas.  And 
when  this  was  done  he  went  and  disrobed  himself  of  his  sacred 
vestments.  And  the  Avorkmen  Avent  and  removed  the  stone 
lions,  and  placed  them  in  the  place  where  they  were  to  be, 
and  the  tomb  upon  them.  And  the  Convent  went  to  perform 
divine  service,  which  was  celebrated  that  day  at  all  the  hours 
with  a  full  choir.  And  at  the  hour  accustomed,  after  this  was 
done,  the  Abbot  and  the  Convent  invited  all  who  were  there 
present  to  be  their  guests,  giving  a  right  solemn  feast  to  all ;  and 
the  chief  persons  dined  with  the  Convent  in  the  Refectory.  And 
that  same  day  in  the  evening,  after  vespers,  when  it  was  about 
four  o'clock,  the  workmen  had  removed  the  stone  lions,  and 
placed  the  tomb  upon  them,  and  laid  the  lid  of  the   tomb 


358  CHRONICLE   or   THE    CJD, 

BOOK  hard  by,  and  made  all  ready  to  fasten  it  down,  so  soon  as  the 

XI  ... 

^^  holy  body  should  be  laid  in  it.     And  at  that  time,  the  bells 

rinoins  a^ain,  and  all  being  ao;ain  assembled,  the  Abbot  liavins 
put  on  again  his  vestments,  which  were  of  white  brocade,  and 
his  ministers  with  him,  Avent  to  the  altar  whereon  they  had  laid 
the  holy  body,  which  had  been  right  nobly  guarded  and  accom- 
panied.    And  the  singers  singing  the  while,  he  and  his  ministers 
took  it  and  laid  it  with  great  reverence  in  the  tomb,  all  seeing  it 
when  it  was  laid  there,  Avrapt  up"  and  covered  with  the  sheets. 
And  in  the  presence  of  all,  the  workmen  put  on  the  lid  and 
fastened  it  down.     Tlien  the  Abbot  began  the  Te  Deum  lau- 
clamus,  and  the  singers  continuing  it,  they  went  in  procession 
to  Our  Lady's  Chapel,  where  the  most  holy  sacrament  then  was, 
as  ye  have  heard.     And  the  Abbot  said  the  verse  Benedicamus 
Patrem  et  FUium  cum  Sancto  Spirltu,  and  the  prayer  Deus 
ad  quern  digne  laiidandum,  and  they  all  returned  thanksgiving  to 
the  Lord.      And  the  Abbot  and  the  ministers  went  into  the 
Sacristy,   and   took    off  their  sacred   vestments;    and    then  he 
returned  and  again  invited  all  Avho  were  there  to  a  collation  in 
the  Refectory,  which  had  been  prepared  by  the  sen^ants  of  the 
Monastery.    And  when  this  was  over  they  separated,  each  going 
frii"^' '''   Avitli  great  content  to  his  several  occupation,  praising  God. 
^.,    ■         XXVL  It  was  a  thing  of  great  consolation  that  there  was 
ihichfet  not  a  person  in  that  Monastery,  who  did  not  all  that  day  feel 
f3/«:'  great  joy  and  delight  in  his  soul.     And  there  befell  a  thing  of 
which  many  took  notice,  and  which  ought  not  to  be  passed 
over  in  silence,  and  it  was  this.     There  was  a  great  want  of  rain 
in  the  land  of  Rioja  and  Bureva,  and  the  district  of  Cardei^a 
also  was  in  want  of  Avater,  though  not  in  such  gi-eat  need,  for 
it  was  long  since  any  rain  had  fallen ;  and  it  pleased  God  that 
on  the  aforesaid  Thursday,  the  eve  of  the  translation,  at  the 
very  hour  when  the  Abbot  and  his  people  began  to  prepare 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  ^^q 

the  bier,  and  make  all  things  ready  for  opening  and  removing  BOOK 
the  tomb,  a  soft  and  gentle  rain  began,  such  a  rain  that  to  those  \,J^}>^ 
Avho  were  out  of  doors  it  was  nothing  troublesome,  and  to  the 
country  greatly  profitable,  and  pleasant  unto  all ;  and  it  lasted 
all  that  night,  and  all  the  day  following,   till   the  holy  business 
of  the  translation  was  accomplished,  and  then  it  ceased.     Now 
it  was  found  that  this  rain  had  fallen  at  the  same  time  and  in 
the  same  manner,  both  in  the  country  below  Burgos,  and  also 
in  Bureva,  albeit  that  it  rarely  hath  happened  for  rain  to  fall 
at  one  time  in  both  provinces,  because  they  are  wont  to  have 
rain  with  different  winds.      It  seemeth  therefore  that  this  blessed 
knight,  who  while  he  lived  protected  and  defended  that  country 
with  his  person  and  his  arms,  beholding  the  service  which  was 
done  him,  and  how  he  was  remembered,  favoured  it  at  that  time 
in  heaven    with   his   holy  intercession,   by  sending  that  thing 
whereof  it  had  then  most  need,  which  was   water  from  heaven, 
in  order  that  it  midit  be  made  manifest  that  he  never  ceased 
to  show  favour  to  those  who  trusted  in  him,  and  to  that  Mo- 
nastery  of  St.   Pedro  de  Cardena.     And  an   account  of  this 
translation,  and  of  all  this  wliich  befell,  was  drawn  up  by  the 
Abbot  Fray  Lope  de  Frias,  and  signed  by  all  the  brethren  of  the     ^ 
Monastery,  and  all  the  chief  persons  there  present.  ^"'"■ 

XXVII.  Now  albeit  this  translation  of  the  body  of  the  blessed  o/ the  letter 
Cid  had  been  made  with  such  honour  and  reverence,  there  were  Emperor 
many  who  murmured  against  it ;  and  Don  Pedro  Fernandez  de  i"s  "i" 

tramlatiort. 

Velasco,  Duke  of  Frias,  who  was  then  Constable  of  Castille, 
and  the  Municipality  of  Burgos,  sent  advice  thereof  to  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V.  who  was  at  that  time  in  Flanders,  beseeching 
him  to  give  order  that  the  tomb  of  the  Cid  might  be  translated 
back  to  its  former  place,  and  that  of  Dona  Ximena  also,  wliich 
had  been  removed  into  the  Cloisters  of  the  Monastery.  Here- 
upon the  Emperor  dispatched  letters  to  his  Governor,  Cardinal 


3f^0  CHRONICLE    OF    THE    CID, 

BOOK  Juan,  bidding  him  see  that  the  petition  of  the  Constable  and  of 
^,<rv>^  the  City  of  Burgos  was  fulfilled,  and  the  Cardinal  in  obedience 
thereunto  dispatched  the  provision  here  following. 
The  King.  '      - 

Venerable  Abbot,  Monks  and  Convent  of  St.  Pedro  de  Car- 
dena,  knoAV  ye  that  we  have  ordered  to  be  given,  and  do  hereby 
give  our  edict  unto  you,  to  the  following  tenor.     The  Council, 
Justice,  and  Regidores,   Knights,  Esquires,  Artificers  and  G  ood 
IMen   of  the  City  of  Burgos,  have  made  a  memorial  to  us  the 
King,  showing,  that  we  Avell  know  the  fame,  nobleness,  and  ex- 
ploits of  the  Cid,  which  are  notorious  to  all,  from  whose  valour 
there  redoundeth  honour  to  all   Spain,  and  especially  to  that 
city  whereof  he  was  a  native,  and  where  he  had  his  origin  and 
birth  place ;  and  that  one  of  the  principal  things  Avhich  they 
Avho  pass  through  that  city,  both  natives  of  these   kingdoms, 
and   strangers  also,  desire  to   see,  is  his  tomb  and  the  place 
wherein  he  and  his  ancestors  are  interred,  for  his  greatness  and 
the  antiquity  thereof;  and   that  it  is  now  some  thirty  or  forty 
days  since  ye,  not  having  respect  to  this,  neither  bearing  in  mind 
that  the  Cid  is  our  progenitor,  nor  the  possessions  which  he  left 
to  your  house^  nor  the  authority  that  it  is  to  the  said  jMonastery 
that  he  should  there  have  been  interred,  have  removed  and  taken 
away  his  tomb  from  the  middle  of  the  great  Chapel,  where  it 
had  stood  for  more  than  four  hundred  years,  and  placed  it  near 
a    staircase,  in  a   place  unseemly,  and   unlike    that  where   it 
was  placed  heretofore,  both  in  authority  and  honour.    Moreover 
ye  have  removed  with  him  the  tomb  of  Dona  Ximena  his  Mife, 
and  placed  it  in  the  Cloisters  of  the  said  Monastery,  full  difler- 
ently  from  Avhere  it  was.     The  Avliich  that  city,  as  well  because 
it  toucheth  us  as  for  her  honour,  doth  greatly  resent;  and  albeit 
that  as   soon  as  it  was  known  the  Corregidor  and  three  of  the 
Regidores  thereof  went  there  to  prevail  with  ye  that  ye  should 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE   BIVAR.  ggj 

restore  the  said  bodies  to  the  i^lace  Avhere  they  Avere  wont  to  BOOK 

xr 
be,  ve  would  not  be  persuaded ;   whereof  the  said  city  holdeth   vj-v^ 

itself  greatly  aggrieved  ;  and  moi'eover  it  is  a  thing  of  bad  exam- 
ple for  Monasteries  and  Religioners,   who,   seeing  hoAv  lightly 
the  tomb  o£  so  famous  a  person  hath  been  removed,  may  ven- 
ture   to   remove    and    change  any  monuments  and  memorials* 
whereby    gi-eat  evil  Avould  accrue  to  our  kingdoms.     And  the 
said  City  supplicateth  and  beseeching  us  of  our  grace,  that  Ave 
AA'ould  be  pleased  to   give  command  that  ye  should  restore  the 
bodies  of  the  Cid  and  of  his  Avife  to  the  same  place  and  form  as 
lieretofore.     And  the  Cid  haAang  been  so  signal  a  person,  and 
one  from   Avhom  the    Royal   Crown   of  Castille  hath   received 
such  great  and  notable  services,  we  marvel  that  ye  should  have 
made  this  alteration  in  their  tombs,  and  Ave    command  you  if 
it  be  so  that  their  bodies  or  their  tombs  have  been  indeed  re- 
moved, as  soon  as  ye  receive  this,  to  restore  them  to  the  same 
place,  and  in  the  same  form  and  manner  as  they  Avere  before ; 
and  in  case  they  have  not  yet  been  removed,  that  ye  do  not 
move  nor  touch  them,  neither  noAV  nor  at  any  time  to  come. 
And    having  first    complied    Avith  this  order,  if  ye    have   any 
cause  or  reason  for  making  this  removal,  ye  are  to  send  us  an 
account  thereof,  and  also  hoAv  ye  liave  restored  the  said  bodies 
and    tombs  to  their   former    place    Avithin  forty  days,    to    the 
end    that  Ave  may   give   order  to   have   this  matter   inspected, 
and  provide  as  shall  be  most  convenient.  Done  in  Madrid,  the 
8th  day  of  the  Month  of  July,  in  the   year    lo41.     Johannes  Berganza.s. 
Cardinahs,  by  command  of  his  Majesty,  Governor  in  liis  name.     391. 

XXVIII.  This    provision   having   been    notified    unto   them,  How  the 
the  Abbot  and  Monks  made  ansAver  that  they  were  ready  to  traJXT 
obey  it,  and  that  he  Avould  go  and  give  account  to  the  Lord  o/ the  Great 
Governor  of  what  had  been  done.     And  the  Abbot  Avent  accord- 
ingly  to   Court,  and  informed  the  Cardinal  Governor  of  the 

3  A 


362  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

BOOK  translation  which  had  been  made ;  and  that   the   tomb  of  the 
Cid  had  been  removed  to  a  place  more  decorous,  and  nearer 


the  high  Altar,  and  answering  the  site  where  King  Don  Al- 
fonso VI.  had  commanded  him  to  be  placed  in  his  ivory  chair 
before  he  was  first  interred  ;  and  Avhere  the  vault  had  been  made 
v.'herein  he  had  lain  many  years.  And  that  the  reason  why 
the  tomb  had  been  moved  was,  that  the  passage  from  the  Sacris- 
ty to  the  choir  and  to  the  High  Altar  might  be  cleared  ;  and  tliat 
the  reason  Avhy  it  had  not  been  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  Great 
Chapel,  was,  that  if  that  place  were  occupied,  it  seemed  due 
to  Queen  Doiia  Sancha  the  foundress  of  that  House,  or  to 
King  Don  Ramiro,  who  had  held  that  place  in  the  old  Church. 
But  notwithstanding  all  these  reasons  which  the  Abbot  alledged^ 
the  Cardinal  ordered  him  to  obey  the  King's  command.  Here- 
upon the  Abbot  returned  to  the  Monastery  and  determined 
to  place  the  tombs  of  the  Cid  and  of  Dofia  Ximena  in  the 
middle  of  the  Great  Chapel,  before  it  should  be  known  in  Bur- 
gos that  the  translation  Avas  to  take  place;  and  accordingly 
when  those  persons  who  would  fain  have  been  present  made 
393!^^'^'  enquiry,  they  were  told  that  the  thing  was  done. 
ofthestatc  XXIX.  Now  there  have  not  been  wanting  over-curious  per- 
^.tbilt  the  sons  who,  because  the  Monastery  of  Cardena  is  the  first  under  the 
'  royal  patronage,  b}^  reason  that  it  is  a  foundation  of  Queen 
Dona  Sancha,  who  is  the  first  royal  personage  that  ever  founded 
a  Monastery  in  Spain,  and  because  King  Don  Alfonso  the 
Great  re-edified  it,  and  Garci  Ferrandez  the  Count  of  Castille 
restored  it,  have  said,  that  the  Cid  hath  taken  the  place  of  these 
patrons.  And  when  King  Carlos  IL  was  in  tliis  Monastery  in 
the  year  I679,  he  asked  whose  the  tomb  was  Avhich  occupied 
the  middle  of  the  Great  Chapel;  and  Fray  Joseph  del  Hoyo,  who 
was  at  that  time  Abbot,  made .  answer.  Sir,  it  is  the  tomb  of 
Kodrigo  Diaz,  the  Cid  Campeador.     Why  then,  said  one  of  the 


Ser^anzn. 


prcsenttimt. 


RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR.  S63 

Grandees,  doth  the  Cid  occupy  the  best  place,  seeing  that  this  BO  O  K 
Monastery  is  a  royal  foundation  ?  Upon  this  the  Abbot  made   s^-v^ 
answer,  that  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  had  ordered  the  Abbot 
and  Monks  to  place  him  in  that  place ;  and  King  Carlos  II. 
said,  The  Cid  was  not  a  King,  but  he  was  one  who  made  Kings. 
And  from  that  time  till  the  present  day  the  tomb  of  the  Cid  hath 
remained  in  the  same  place,  and  that  of  Dona  Ximena  beside  it ; 
and   with  such  veneration  and  respect  are  they  preserved,  that 
they  are  alway  covered  and  adorned  with  two  cloths,  whereof 
the  upper  one  is  of  silk,  and  on  great  festivals  they  are  adorned  ^^^  ^^^ 
with  one  still  more  precious.  5.33.1393, 

XXX.  Many  are  the  things  Avhich  belonged  to  Ruydiez  the  ofAere-^ 
Cid  Campcador,  which  are  still  preser\ed  with  that  reverence  cid. 
which  is  due  to  the  memory  of  such  a  man.     First,  there  are 
those  good  swords  Colada  and  Tizona,  Avhich  the  Cid  won  with 
his  own  hand.     Colada  is  a  sword  of  full  ancient  make  :  it  hath 
only  a  cross  for  its  hilt,  and  on  one  side  are  graven  the  words 
Si,  Si . . .  that  is  to  say,  Yea,  Yea :  and  on  the  other.  No,  No. 
And  this  sword  is  in  the  Royal  Armoury  at  :Madrid.    That  good 
sword  Tizona  is  in  length  three  quarters  and  a  half,  some  little 
'more,  and  three  full  fingers  wide  by  the  hilt,  lessening  down  to 
the  point ;  and  in  the  hollow  of  the  sword,  by  the  hilt,  is  this 
writing  in  Roman  letters.   Ate  Maria  gratia  plena,  Dominiis, 
and  on  the  other  side,  in  the  same  letters,  I  am  Tizona,  which 
was  made  in  the  era  1040,  that  is  to  say,  in  the  year  1002. 
This  good  sword  is  an  heir-loom  in  the  family  of  the  Marquisses 
of  Falces.     The  Infante  Don  Ramiro,  who  was  the  Cid's  son-in- 
law,  inherited  it,  and  from  him  it  descended  to  them.   Moreover 
the  two  coffers  which  were  given  in  pledge  to  the  Jews  Rachel 
and  Vidas  are  kept,  the  one  in  the  Church  of  St.  Agueda  at 
Burgos,  where  it  is  placed  over  the  principal  door,  in  the  inside, 
and^the  other  is  in  the   Monastery  of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardeiia, 


364  CHRONICLE    OF   THE    CID, 

B  O  O  K  where  it  is  hung  up  by  two  chains  on  the  left  of  the  dome  ;  on 
\.^~v^  the  right,  and  opposite  to  this  coffer,  is  the  banner  of  the  Cid, 
but  the  colour  thereof  cannot  now  be  known,  for  length  of  time 
and  the  dampness  of  the  Church  have  clean  consumed  it.  In 
the  middle  is  his  shield  hansins  a<£ainst  the  wall,  covered  with 
skin,  but  now  so.  changed  that  no  blazonry  or  device  is  to  be 
seen.  In  the  Sacristy  there  are  the  keys  of  the  coffer,  a  great 
round  chest  of  sattin  wood,  the  setting  of  the  amethyst  cup  which 
he  used  at  table,  and  one  of  the  caskets  which  the  Soldan  of 
Persia  sent  with  tlie  myrrh  and  balsam ;  tins  is  of  silver,  and  gilt 
in  the  inside,  and  it  is  in  two  parts,  the  lid  closing  over  the  other 
part;  its  fashion  is  like  that  of  the  vessels  in  which  the  three 
Kings  of  the  East  are  represented,  bringing  their  offeriags  to 
Christ  when  he  was  newly  born.  On  the  upper  part  is  graven 
the  image  of  our  Redeemer  holding  the  world  in  his  hand,  and 
on  the  other  the  figure  of  a  serpent  marvellously  contorted, 
peradventure  in  token  of  the  victory  Avhich  Jesus  atchieved  over 
the  enemy  of  the  human  race.  Tliat  noble  chess-board,  the  men 
whereof  were  of  gold  and  silver,  was  also  in  the  Monastery  in  the 
days  of  King  Don  Alfonso  the  AYise,  but  it  hath  long  since  been 
lost,  no  man  knoweth  how.  ]\Ioreover  there  is  in  this  Sacristy 
a  precious  stone  of  great  size,  black  and  sparkling ;  no  lapidary 
hath  yet  known  its  name.  The  Convent  have  had  an  infant 
Jesus  graven  thereon,  with  the  emblem  of  the  Passion,  that  it 
might  be  worthily  employed.  It  is  thought  also  tliat  the  great 
cross  of  crystal  which  is  set  so  well  and  wrought  Avith  such 
great  cunning,  is  made  of  different  pieces  of  crystal  which  be- 
longed to  the  Cid.  But  the  most  precious  lelick  of  the  Cid 
Ruydiez  which  is  preserved  and  venerated  in  this  INIonastery,  is 
the  cross  which  he  wore  upon  his  breast  when  he  went  to  battle ; 
it  is  of  plain  silver,  in  four  ecpial  parts,  and  each  part  covered 
with  three  plates  of  gold,  and  in  the  flat  part  of  each  five 


RODRIGO    DIAZ     DE  BIVAR.  3^5 

sockets  set  with  precious  stones  of  some  size,  and  with  othei*  B  O  OlC 
white  ones  which  are  smaller ;  of  these  little  ones,  some  are  still   .^„.^-^ 
left,  fastened  in  with  filigrane.     In  the  middle  of  the  cross  is  a 
raised  part,  after  the  manner  of  an  artichoke,  ending  in  white 
and  green  enamel ;  and  it  is  said  that  in  the  hollow  thereof  are 
certain  relicks,   with  a  piece  of  the  holy  wood  of  the  true  cross. 
Verily,  that  part  of  the  Miiting  which  can  still  be  read  implieth 
this,  for  thus  much  may  at  this  day  be  discerned,..  Crucis 
Salvator  *  *  Sancti  Petri  *  *  Porto.     Of  the  four  limbs 
of  this  cross  the  upper  one  is  wanting.     King  Don  Alfonso,  the 
last  of  that  name,  asked  for  it,  and  had  it  made  into  a  cross  to 
wear  himself  when  he  Ment  to  battle,  because  of  the  faith  wlrich 
he  had,  that  through  it  he  should  obtain  the  victory:  of  the  lower 
limb  little  more  is  left  than  that  to  which  the  plates  of  silver  and  5^^441. 
gold  were  fastened  on.     From  point  to  point  this  cross  is  little  /?•." 
more  than  a  quarter.  aeo. 

XXXI.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  soul  of  the  blessed  Cid  r^mcthecu 
resteth  and  reig;neth  with  the  blessed  in  Heaven.  And  men  of  all  ttencanm. 

°  ited. 

nations  and  at  all  times  have  come  from  all  parts  to  see  and 
reverence  his  holy  body  and  tomb,  being  led  by  the  odour  of  his 
fame,  especially  knights  and  soldiers,  who  Avhen  they  have  fallen 
upon  their  knees  to  kiss  his  tomb,  and  scraped  a  little  of  the 
stone  thereof  to  bear  away  with  them  as  a  relick,  and  commend- 
ed themselves  to  him,  have  felt  their  hearts  strengthened,  and 
gone  away  in  full  trust  that  they  should  speed  the  better  in 
all  battles  into  which  they  should  enter  from  that  time  with  a 
good  cause.  By  reason  of  this  great  devotion,  and  the  great 
virtues  of  my  Cid,  and  the  miracles  which  were  wrought  by  him, 
King  Philip  the  Second  gave  order  to  his  ambassador  Don 
Diego  Hurtado  de  Mendoza,  to  deal  with  the  Court  of  Rome 
concerning  the  canonization  of  tliis  venerable  knight  Rodrigo 
Diaz.     NoAv  Don  Diego  was  a  person  of  great  learning,  and 


i.  2g. «. 


ggg  CHRONICLE    OF  THE    CID. 

BOOK  moreover,  one  of  the  descendants  of  the  Cid  ;  and  being  greatly 
^^    desirous  that  this  thing  should  be  effected,  he  sent  to  the  Mo- 
nastery of  St.  Pedro  de  Cardeiia,  and  had  papers  and  depositions 
sent  from   thence,   and  made  a  memorial   of  the  virtues  and 
miracles  of  the    Campeador,   showing  cause  why  this  blessed 
knio;ht  should  be  canonized.     But  before  the  matter  could  be 
proceeded  in,  the  loss  of  Sienna  took  place,  Avhereupon  he  was 
fain  to  leave  Rome  ;   and  thus  this  pious  design  could  not  be 
brought  about.     Nevertheless  the  Cid  hath  alway  been  regarded 
with  great  reverence  as  an  especial  servant  of  God:  and  he  is 
FriL"^"  ■"  called  the  Blessed  Cid,  and  the  Venerable  Rodrigo  Diaz.  Certes, 
f'83™397-  his  soul  resteth  and  reigneth  with  the  blessed  in  Heaven.  Amen. 


HERE    ENDETIl     THE     CHRONICLE    OF    THAT    EIGHT    FAMOUS^ 

AND     GOOD    KNIGHT    THE    BLESSED    CID, 

RODRIGO    DIAZ    DE    BIVAR,, 

THE    CAMPEADOR. 


NOTES. 


NOTES 


ON   THE 


INTRODUCTION. 


Count  Julian.  P.  xiv. 
(1.)  Pellicer  discredited  the  story  of  Count  Julian  and  his  daughter,  because  it  is 
not  mentioned  in  the  three  oldest  Chronicles;  and  this  opinion  has  been  too  lightly 
adopted  by  other  writers,  witliout  farther  consideration.  But  the  authors  of  those 
Chronicles  wrote  with  the  utmost  brevity,  and  never  entered  into  the  particulars  of  any 
event.  All  the  Moorish  historians  relate  the  circumstance,  and  all  the  Spanish  traditions 
agree  with  them.  The  Marques  de  Mondejar,  one  of  the  most  sceptical  as  well  as  most 
learned  investigators  of  Spanish  history,  admits  this  story  as  authentic,  and  he  is  followed 
by  Ferreras, . .  a  writer  as  sceptical  as  himself. 

The  children  became  slaves.     P.  .\vi. 

(2.)  It  became  a  common  trick  to  inveigle  free  persons  into  a  marriage  with  slaves, 
who  appeared  free,  in  order  that  the  owner  might  claim  the  children  as  his  property. 
A  law  was  necessary  to  check  this  practice  ; . .  if  the  deceit  was  proved,  the  slave  and 
children  were  made  free,  and  the  master  declared  infamous. 

Fuero  Jiizgo,  Lib.  3.   Tit.  '2.  Let/  7. 

Slaves  could  obtain  no  merced,  ^bounty,  favour,  meicy,)  from  the  King  . . .  ca  los 
siervos  non  son  omes  para  parecer  ante  los  Rej/es  para  pedirla ! . .  for  slaves  are  not  men  fit  to 
appear  before  Kings  to  ask  it!      Part.  3.  Tit.'i4.  Ley  2. 

it  is  worth  noticing,  that  the  word  for  slave  and  for  wretch  is  the  same  .  .  caitiff 
and  captive. 

3    B 


370 

Its  creed  more  rational.     P.  xvii, 

(3.)  Mahommed  explicitly  and  repeatedly  aflirmed  that  he  had  no  power  to  work  mira- 
cles. Yet  such  is  the  a])petiteof  man  for  the  miraculous,  that  his  followers  have  invented 
them  for  him  in  profusion.  The  exploit  of  dividing  the  moon 'exceeds  all  miracles  in 
extravagance ;  . .  even  the  great  Moloch  of  Catholicism,  St.  Domingo  himself,  has  had  no- 
thing half  so  extraordinary  imputed  to  him,  though  he  is  the  Hercules  J'"urens  of  hagiology.. 
Even  some  of  those  parts  of  corrupted  Christianity  which  Mahoinmed  was  most  zealous 
to  keep  out  of  his  system,  have  been  engrafted  upon  it.  Ali  is  regarded  by  the  Persians 
as  a  super-angelic  being:  indeed  the  songs  in  his  praise  which  are  written  in  gold  round 
the  gallery  of  the  tomb  of  Abbas  II.  represent  him  as  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the 
Deity  himself. 

"  The  Universal  Spirit  with  its  sublime  knowledge,  cannot  arrive  at  the  portal  of  thy 
wondrous  essence,  O  Master  of  the  Faithful! 

"  Were  there  a  place  more  exalted  than  the  most  high  throne  of  God,  I  would  affirm 
it  to  be  thy  place,  O  Master  of  the  Faithful ! 

"  Being  of  an  unconceivable  puissance,  the  commands  of  Providence  are  executed 
by  thy  orders. 

"  The  infallibility  of  Predestination  depends  only  upon  thy  conduct :  she  is  so  mo- 
dest as  never  to  set  her  foot  before  thine. 

"  Had  not  thy  perfect  being  been  in  the  idea  of  the  Creator,  Eve  had  been  eternally 
a  virgin,  and  Adam  a  batchelor." 

The  Persians  have  also  added  redemption  to  their  creed,  through  the  merits  and 
sufferings  of  Hassan  and  Hosein.  At  the  day  of  judgment  their  mother  Fatima  will 
present  herself  before  the  throne  of  God,  holding  the  head  of  one  and  the  heart  of  the 
other,  and  demand  absolution  in  their  name  for  the  sins  of  the  followers  of  Ali. 

Franckliris  Tour.  P.  253. 

Hence  the  unnatural  murders  with  which  Asiatic  history  abounds.     P.  xix. 

(4.)  Even  Bruce  allows  that  the  confinement  of  all  the  Abyssinian  princes  upon  the 
mountain  "  was  probably  intended  to  prevent  some  disorders  among  them  which  seem  to 
be  the  almost  inevitable  consequences  of  polygamy."     Book  2.  Ch.  6. 

Bruce  is  the  great  modern  defender  of  polygamy,  and  he  rests  his  defence  upon  the 
greater  number  of  women  than  of  men  in  hot  countries.  But  the  coast  of  Malabar  is  as 
hot  as  the  coast  of  Arabia,  and  there  one  woman  has  many  husbands.  The  super- 
abundance of  males  in  the  one  country,  and  of  females  in  the  other,  must  therefore  be 
considered  as  consequences  of  these  opposite  customs,  not  as  causes  of  them. 

The  Mahommedan  sometimes  knows  not  the  face  of  his  own  children.     P.  xix. 
(5.)  Baron  de  Tott  has  recorded  a  conversation  upon  this  subject  between  himself 
and  his  friend  Murad  MoUach  :  the  fact  is  Turkish,  the  conversation  French. 


371 

The  Commander  is  punished  for  his  misfortune.     P.  xxii. 

(6.)  The  conqueror  of  Conslaminople  seeing  his  Janizaries  vtpulsed  before  Belgrade, 
reproached  the  Aga,  asked  him  where  were  the  soldiers  whom  he  had  committed  to  his 
charge,  and  threatened  to  make  an  example  of  him.  The  Aga  replied.  Of  those  whom 
you  committed  to  my  charge.  Sire,  tlie  greater  part  are  dead,  or  wounded,  and  the 
few  who  have  escaped  will  no  longer  obey  me.  For  myself,  I  have  only  to  rush  upon 
the  enemy  and  die  in  your  service.  He  advanced  alone  and  was  cut  to  pieces,  and  then 
the  Tyrant  vainly  regretted  the  brave  man  whom  he  had  thus  unjustly  destroyed. 

Chalcondyles,  L.  8. 

An  instance  of  similar  injustice  is  related  in  the  following  ballads. 


Passeabase  el  Rev  Moro 
por  la  Ciudad  dc  Granada, 
desde  la  Puerta  de  Elvira 
hasta  la  de  Bivarambla. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama  ! 


Thro'  the  city  of  Granada 
Did  the  Moorish  Monarch  hasten. 
From  the  portal  of  Elvira 
To  the  gate  r,f  Bivarambla. 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama! 


Cartas  le  fueron  venidas 
que  Alhama  era  ganada, 
las  cartas  echo  en  el  suelo, 
y  al  mensagero  matara. 
A}'  de  mi  Alhama  ! 


He  had  letters  how  Alhama 
By  the  Christians  had  been  taken. 
In  the  fire  he  threw  the  letters 
And  he  cut  the  bearer's  head  ofT. 
A^'oe  is  me,  Albania  ! 


Descavalga  de  una  mula, 
y  en  un  cavallo  cavalgaba, 
por  el  Zacatin  arriba 
subido  se  avia  al  Alhambra. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama  ! 


From  his  mule  in  haste  alighting, 
Hastily  he  leaps  on  horseback. 
Up  the  Zacatin  he  gallops. 
He  is  come  to  the  Alhambra. 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  ! 


Como  en  el  Alhambra  estuvo, 
al  mismo  punto  mandaba 
que  96  toquen  las  trompetas, 
Ids  anafiles  de  plata. 
Av  de  mi  Alhama  ! 


Soon  as  he  was  in  the  palace. 
That  same  instant  he  commanded 
That  the  trumpets  should  be  sounded 
And  the  clarions  of  silver. 
AVoe  is  me,  Alhama ! 


Y  que  las  caxas  de  guerra 
apriessa  toquen  al  arma, 
porque  lo  oygan  sus  Moriscos, 
los  de  la  Vega  y  Granada. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama  ! 


And  he  bade  the  drums  of  battle 
Beat  to  arms  in  loud  alarum. 
That  the  Moors  might  hear  the  summons 
O'er  the  plain  and  thro'  tiie  city. 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  ! 


372 


Los  Moros  que  el  son  oyeron 
que  al  sangriento  Maite  llama, 
uno  a  uno,  y  dos  a  dos, 
juntadose  ha  gran  batalla. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama  ! 

Alii  hablo  un  Moro  viejo 
de  esia  manera  hablara ; 
para  que  nos  llamas  Key  ? 
para  que  es  esta  llamada  r 
Ay  de  mi  AUiama ! 

Aveis  de  saber  amigos 
una  nueva  desdicbada; 
que  Christianos  de  braveza 
ya  nos  ban  ganado  Alhama. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama ! 

AUi  hablo  un  Alfaqui 
de  barba  crecida  y  cana  ; 
bien  se  te  emplea  buen  Rey 
buen  Rey  bien  se  te  empleaba. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama  ! 

Mataste  los  Abencerrages 
que  eran  la  flor  de  Granada ; 
cogiste  los  tornadizos 
de  Cordoba  la  nombrada. 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama ! 

Por  esso  mereces  Rey 
una  pena  muy  doblada, 
que  te  pierdas  tu,  y  tu  Reyno, 
y  que  se  pierda  Granada, 
Ay  de  mi  Alhama ! 


They  who  heard  the  loud  alarum 
Hasten'd  to  obey  the  Monarch. 
One  by  one  and  two  by  two 
They  have  formed  a  great  battalion. 
\\  oe  is  me,  Aliiama  ! 

Then  spake  up  an  old  Morisco, 
Thus  did  that  old  man  address  him  : 
O  King,  wherefore  hast  thou  call'd  us, 
Wherefore  is  this  lamentation, 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  ! 

Friends  n'ou  have  to  hear  ill  tidings. 
Evil  tidings  I  must  tell  you. 
How  the  Christians  have  surprized  us. 
They  have  won  from  us  Alhama, . . 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  ! 

Then  spake  up  an  old  Alfaqui 
One  whose  beard  was  long  and  hoary. 
This  befits  you  well,  good  King, 
Good  King,  this  befits  you  well,  . . 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  ! 

You  have  killed  the  Abencerrages 
They  the  flower  of  Granada; 
You  have  fostered  here  the  strangers. 
Runaways  from  Cordova. 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama  !■ 

King,  thou  therefore  hast  deserved  it. 
Aye,  and  sorrow  doubled  on  ihee ; 
Hast  deserved  to  lose  Granada, 
And  to  perish  with-thy  kingdom. 
Woe  is  me,  Alhama ! 


373 


Moro  Alcavf^e,  Moro  Alcayde, 
el  de  la  belluda  barba, 
el  Rey  te  manda  prender 
por  la  perdida  de  Alliama, 
y  cortarte  la  cabeza, 
y  ponerla  en  el  Alhambia, 
porque  a  ti  sea  castigOj 
y  otros  tiemblen  en  mirarla ; 
pues  perdiste  la  tenencia 
de  una  ciudad  tan  preciada. 
El  Alcayde  respond ia, 
desta  manera  les  habla  ; 
Cavalleros  v  hombres  buenos, 
los  que  regis  a  Granada, 
decid  de  mi  parte  al  Rey 
como  no  le  debo  nada. 
Yo  me  estaba  en  Antequera 
en  bodas  de  una  mi  hermana,  .. 
mal  fuego  quemen  las  bodas 
y  quien  a  ellos  mi  ilamara : 
el  Rey  me  die  la  licencia 
que  yo  no  me  la  tomara : 
pedila  por  quince  dias, 
diomela  por  tres  seraanas. 
De  averse  Aihama  perdido 
a  mi  me  pesa  en  el  alma, 
que  si  el  Rey  perdio  su  tierra, 
yo  perdi  mi  honra  y  fama  ; 
perdi  hijos  y  muger, 
las  cosas  que  mas  amab.i ; 
perdi  una  hija  doncelia, 
que  era  la  flor  de  Granada  ; 
el  que  la  tiene  cauliva 
Marques  de  Cadiz  se  llama, 
cien  doblas  le  doi  por  ella, 
no  me  las  estima  en  nada  : 
la  respuesta  que  me  ban  dado 
es  que  mi  hija  es  Christiana, 
y  por  nombre  la  avian  puesto 


Moor  Alcayde,  Moor  Alcayde, 

You  there  with  the  fleecy  beard. 

The  King  has  sent  us  to  arrest  thee 

For  the  losing  of  Albania. 

He  has  sent  to  cut  thy  head  off 

And  to  set  it  on  the  Alhambra, 

Giving  thee  thy  due  chastisement, 

That  others  may  behold  and  fear. 

Then  the  old  Alcayde  answered, 

Thus  in  answering  did  he  say  : 

Cavaliers  and  worthy  Moslem, 

Honourables  of  Granada, 

Tell  the  King  for  nie  I  pray  you, 

I  have  not  deserved  to  die. 

I  was  gone  to  Antequera 

To  the  marriage  of  my  sister, 

(Hell-fire  light  upon  the  marriage 

And  on  those  who  bade  me  to  it) 

Leave  the  King  himself  had  given  me, 

For  I  did  not  go  without  it  ; 

I  for  fifteen  days  petitioned, 

He  allowed  me  twenty  one. 

Oh,  my  soul  is  grieved  within  me 

For  the  capture  of  Aihama  ! 

If  the  Ki ::g  has  lost  his  city 

I  have  lost  my  fame  and  honour, 

I  have  lost  my  wife  and  children. 

All  that  I  loved  best  on  earth: . . 

I  have  lost  a  damsel  daughter, 

She  who  was  Granada's  flower  ! 

To  the  Court  of  Cales  for  ransom 

I  a  hundred  doblas  offer'd  ; 

He  my  offer  set  at  nought : . . 

And  the  answer  which  they  gave  me 

Was  that  she  was  made  a  Christian, 

And  the  name  which  they  had  given  her 

Dona  Maria  de  Aihama  ;  . . 

This  the  name  which  they  have  given 

To  Fatima  the  Moorish  maid. 


374 


Dona  Maria  de  AUiama  ; 
el  nombre  que  ella  tenia 
Mora  Fatima  se  llama. 
Diciendo  este  el  Alcayde 
le  llevaron  a  Granada, 
y  siendo  puesto  ante  el  Rey 
la  sentencia  le  tue  dada, 
que  le  corten  la  cabeza. 
y  la  lleven  al  Alhambra: 
executose  justicia 
assi  como  el  Rev  lo  manda. 


Tlius  the  good  Alcayde  answer'd. 
But  they  look  him  to  Granada 
And  tliey  brought  him  to  the  King: 
Sentence  then  was  past  upon  him 
Instantly  to  cut  his  head  oft". 
And  to  bring  it  to  the  Alhambra. 
Sentence  was  performed  upon  him 
Even  as  the  Kins;  decreed. 


The  feelings  and  instincts  must  i/ield  at  his  command.  P.  xxii. 
(7)  A  little  before  Mahommed  II.  put  the  Pacha  Cathites  to  death,  he  sent  him 
a  present,  and  with  y;  a  message,  bidding  him  not  be  alarmed  at  false  and  idle  ru- 
mours. The  Pacha  replied.  It  is  you  Sire,  who  can  sadden  us  or  rejoice  us  as  it  seems 
good  to  you  :  if  it  be  your  pleasure  that  we  should  be  wretched  and  unhappy,  surely 
we  have  enough  cause  to  be  so  ;  . .  if  you  would  have  us  chearful,  it  is  reasonable  that 
we  should  obey.      Chalcondyles,  L.  8. 

If'  he  Older  the  father  to  execute  the  child,  it  is  what  Destiny  has  appointed.     P.  xxii. 
(8.)  Amurat  the  First,  in  punishing  his  subjects  after  a  rebellion,  made  every  man 
be  executed  by  his  own  father  or  nearest  relation.     Only  two  fathers  refused  to  obey 
this  accursed  order,  and  they  suflered  with  their  children.      Chalcondyles,  L.  1. 

The  Moors  found  the  same  obsequiousness  in  Spain.     P.  xxiii. 

(9.)  Some  of  the  Spanish  Goths  are  said  at  this  time  to  have  fled  to  England  ; 
others  to  have  ventured  upon  a  farther  flight.  Among  the  many  wild  conjectures 
which  have  been  sported  upon  the  peopling  of  America,  one  is  tiiat  the  fugitives  reached 
Yucatan  :  . .  the  little  crosses  which  the  Indians  laid  upon  tneir  sick  and  dead  are  ad- 
duced as  presumptive  proofs.     Beuther.  L.  1.  C.  28. 

Sacaru  the  governor  of  Merida,  is  said  to  have  emigrated  by  sea,  and  gone  in  search 
of  tlie  Canaries;  but  certain  it  is  he  did  not  find  them,  for  the  Spanish  discoverers  found 
there  a  better  race  than  themselves,  a  different  language,  and  a  different  religion. 

Tradition  says  that  an  island  in  the  '  Ocean  Sea,'  far  to  the  West,  is  still  possessed 
by  his  descendants,  called  the  Island  of  the  seven  Cities,  having  six  Bishops  and  one 
Archbishop.  A  Poriugueze  ship,  or  a  Genoese  Carrack,  once  touched  there.  Brito 
had  seen  it  laid  down  in  an  old  chart :  and  in  an  edition  of  Ptolemy,  it  is  called  Antilia. 
Some  have  identified  it  with   St.   Brandon's  famous  Island  ;  but  they  who  have  landed 


375 

upon  that  found  it  desolate.  He  however  who  believes  the  existence  of  the  one  will  not 
discredit  the  other;.,  and  if  there  be  no  better  authority  for  Sacaru's  emiijration  than 
Miguel  de  Luna,  his  existence  is  as  doubtful  as  that  of  his  island. 

It  was  not  for  his  birth  that  his  fellow  soldiers  lifted  Pelayo  upon  a  shield  and  acclaimed 

him  King.  P.  xxiii. 
(10.)  When  Philip  II.  put  the  Justiza  to  death,  and  destroyed  the  liberties  of 
Aragon,  this  plea  was  invented  to  justify  his  tyranny  ;  . .  that  Pelayo,  by  having  been 
the  first  King  that  was  set  up  by  the  Spaniards  after  the  Moorish  conquest,  was  not  only 
King  of  so  much  of  that  country  as  they  who  had  chosen  him  were  at  that  time  in 
possession  of,  or  did  afterwards  conquer;  but  of  all  Spain,  and  consequently  of  Aragon 
and  Catalonia,  though  those  countries  had  been  taken  from  the  Moors  by  other  princes 
and  people,  and  had  quietly  been  enjoyed  by  them  above  five  hundred  years,  without 
any  dependaace  on  Don  Pelayo  and  his  heirs,  none  of  which  before  had  ever  pretended 
to,  or  dreamt  of  any  such  right.  Now  Philip,  said  the  coiners  of  this  new  right,  being 
heir  and  successor  to  Pelayo,  as  he  is  King  of  Castilie  and  Leon,  he  and  all  his  prede^ 
'  cessors  in  those  two  kingdoms  must,  by  right,  have  always  been  Kings  of  Aragon? 
though  in  fact  they  had  been  so  but  for  a  few  years  :  all  the  compacts  therefore,  whcreoa 
the  Aragonese  rights  and  privileges  were  grounded,  though  of  five  hundred  years  stand- 
ing, are,  and  were  from  their  beginning,  void  and  of  no  effect;  having  been  made 
betwixt  the  subjects  of  the  King  of  Leon,  and  Princes  who  had  no  title  to  be  their  Kings. 

Gedde-i's  Tracts.  F.  2.  400. 
Tyrants  are  scarcely  so  detestable  as  the  sycophants  and  sophists  who  flatter  and 
justify  them.  Gregorio  Lopez  Madera,  who  invented  this  argument,  is  infamous  as  the 
defender  of  the  Granadan  Relics,  the  most  gross  imposition  ihat  ever  was  attempted  by 
ignorant  impudence.  A  good  accoutit  of  it  is  to  be  found  in  the  first  volume  of  Geddes's 
Tracts  ;  . .  a  collection  which  for  the  knowledge  and  fidelity  that  it  displaj's,  should  not  be 
mentioned  without  praise, 

Dissentioru  broke  out  between  the  original  conquerors  and  the  Moors  fom  Africa.     P.  xxv. 
(11.)    A  distinction   was  always    made    between  the  Arabian   conquerors,    and    the 
Africans  who  came  over  to  share  in  what  the  others  had    won.     This  distinction,  says 
Moret,  siempre  fue  de  grandissima  conveniencia  a  los  Reyes  Christianas.     T.   1.  P.  299. 

Zehra.     P.  xxviii. 
(12.)  Five  and  twenty  years  were  employed  in  building  Zehra;  the  annual  expences 
were  300,000  dinars  of  gold,  in  the  whole  3,125,000/.     But  where  is  the  boasted  supe- 
riority of  Moorish  art?  The  architect  of  Zehra  was  from  Constantinople,  and  so  were  its 
finest  pieces  of  sculpture. 


376 

This  is  an  Arabian  account.  'I'he  same  author  stales  that  Cordova  conlaiued  200,000 
houses,  (jOO  mosquts,  and  QOO  public  baths  :  he  says  liiat  there  were  in  Spain  in  his  time, 
80  large  towns,  and  300  oF  the  second  and  third  order:  the  villages  and  hamlets  were 
innumerable  ;..  there  were  1'2,000  upon  the  banks  of  the  Guadalquivir.  A  traveller 
would  find  three  or  four  towns  in  one  day's  journey,  and  could  not  proceed  a  quarter  of 
an  hour  without  coming  to  a  village.  ...Where  are  the  monuments  of  this  prodigious 
population.?  Nations  do  not  perish  without  leaving  a  wreck  behind  them.  The  track 
of  the  Tatar  conquerors  may  stdl  be  traced  by  the  ruins  of  cities. 

The  detail  of  the  sources  of  the  Moors  prosperity  may  be  more  safely  trusted. 
Their  chief  exports  were  oil,  sugar,  cochineal,  quicksilver,  bar  and  wrought  iron,  raw 
and  wrought  silk,  wrought  wool  :  they  also  exported  ambergris,  amber,  loadstones,  anti- 
mony, the  marcassite  of  gold,  talc,  crystal,  tuit,  sulphur,  saffron,  ginger,  gentian,  myrrh. 
The  Spanish  armoureis  were  already  famous,  and  their  work  was  preferred  in  Africa- 
There  WHS  a  coral  fishery  ofl"  Andalusia,  a  pearl  one  on  the  Catalonian  coast.  Rubies 
were  I'ound  in  several  mines  ;  the  best  by  Malaga  and  Beja. 

The  revenues  of  Abdoulrahman  were  12,045,000  dinars  in  specie,  301,875 /.  Many 
taxes  were  paid  in  kind  :  they  would  be  productive  in  proportion  to  population  and  indus- 
try.    The  mines  of  gold  and  silver  were  then  rich. 

There  exists  tlie  inventory  of  a  present  made  to  Abdoulrahman  by  his  Vizir: 
400  pounds  of  virgin  gold;  ingots  of  silver  to  the  value  of  420,000  sequins,  18,750/.; 
400  pounds  of  aloes  wood,  whereof  180'  were  in  one  piece  ;  400  ounces  of  ambergris, 
and  a  single  lump  of  100  ounces  ;  oOO  ounces  of  camphire  ;  30  pieces  of  silk  and 
gold,  of  that  rich  texture  which  none  but  the  Caliphs  might  wear;  10  marten  skins 
from  Korassan ;  100  others  of  inferior  kind;  trappings  of  silk  and  gold  for  48  horses 
from  Bagdad;  4000  pounds  of  silk;  .'30  Persian  carpets;  armour  for  800  horses;  1000 
shields;  100,000  arrows;  15  Arabian  horses,  caparisoned  for  the  Caliph  himself;  100 
others  for  his  suit;  20  mules  with  their  trappings;  40  boys  and  50  girls  of  great 
beauty;  and  a  copy  of  verses.  In  return,  he  had  a  revenue  granted  him  of  100,000 
pieces  of  gold. 

The  principal  trade  lay  with  Constantinople.  It  was  the  policy  of  the  Greek  Em- 
perors to  unite  with  the  Ommiades  against  their  common  enemy  at  Bagdad.  Barbary 
was  also  a  considerable  mart,  and  there  was  a  communication  through  Egypt  with  the 
East.     Cavdonne  320.  337.  T.  1. 

Galicia  was  ambitious  of  becoming  independaiit,  like  Castille.     P.  xxix. 
(13.)  When   Castille  and  Leon  were  again  divided  after  the  death  of  Alonso  VH. 
A.  D.  1157,  the  reason  assigned  was  the  old  jealousy  between  the  Galician  and  Gastilian 
Lords.     Moiidejar,  Hist,  del  Rey  D.  Jloiiso.  8.  P.  11. 


377 

Santiago  could  nol  defend  his  own  Church.     P.  xxx. 

(14.)  Tlie  Spaniards  however  insist  upon  it  that  he  took  vengeance  for  the  insult: 

for  "  Antes  que  Almanzor    se  paiticsse  de   tierra   dc   Santiago,  fue  ferido   el  e  toda   sii 

compana  de    mandaniiento   de  Dios,  por  el  pecado  del  atrevimiento  de  las  suziedades  quel 

fazie  en  la  ygresia  de  Santiago;    ca  cayo  en  el  una  de  las  mas  suzias  enfermedad^s  que 

podie  ser,  a  la  qual  dizen  las  Jisicos  Diarria."     Cor.  Gen.  ^.81. 

Sa7itiago.     P.  .xxxiii. 

(15.)  This  miracle  of  Santiago's  first  appearance  is  related  at  length  by  King  Ramiio, 
in  the  deed  which  grants  this  perpetual  tribute  to  the  Church  of  Couipostella.  The 
authenticity  of  this  Privilegio  de  los  Votos,  as  it  is  called,  and  of  others  which  confirm  it, 
was  questioned  in  Philip  the  Second's  reign  ;  it  was  argued  that  the  dates  were  false; .  . 
but  Morales  proved  that  objection  to  be  groundless.  To  have  denied  the  truth  of  the 
miracle  would  have  been  heresy. 

If  the  deed  be  authentic,  the  tribute  of  the  hundred  virgins  must  be  believed  also  : 
it  is  neither  inconsistent  with  Mahommedan  manners,  nor  in  itself  improbable.  In  Leon 
the  damsels  go  annually  in  procession,  with  music  and  singing  and  dancing,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  vow  made  after  the  victory.     Morales.  9.  7. 

The  only  old  Ballad  which  I  have  found  in  the  Portugueze  language  is  founded  upon 
this  tribute.  Every  district  was  to  supply  its  proportion  of  virgins.  Six  of  the  beauties 
of  the  land  who  had  been  chosen  to  the  number,  were  placed  in  a  strong  building  where 
the  present  Figueiredo  stands,  either  as  a  resting  place,  or  to  wait  for  more  companions 
in  slavery.  Goesto  Ansur,  a  knight,  saw  them,  plucked  the  bough  of  a  fig-tree,  after 
he  had  broken  his  sword,  and  with  that  effected  their  deliverance.  He  took  the  name 
of  Figueiredo  from  the  scene  of  this  exploit,  which  also  is  so  called  in  remembrance, 
five  fig-leaves  for  his  arms,  and  another  for  his  crest. 

Brito,  who  has  preserved  this  fragment,  saw  it  in  a  collection  which  had  belonged 
to  Don  Francisco  Coutinho,  Conde  de  Marialva,  but  which  fell  into  bad  hands  ;  and 
he  had  also  heard  it  sung  by  the  peasantry  in  Beira.  There  is  a  peculiarity  in  the 
language  which  renders  it  untranslatable.  • 

No  figneiral  figueiredo  logo  Ihes  pescudara 

a  no  figueiral  entrey,  logo  Ihes  pescudey, 

seis  nifias  encontrara  quern  las  mal  tratara 

seis  nifias  encontrey,  y  a  ta5  mala  ley. 

para  ellas  andara  -                       No  figueiral  figueiredo 

para  ellas  andey,  a  no  figueiral  entrey, 

Ihorando  as  achara  una  repricara 

Ihorando  as  achey,  infan§on  nom  sey,                 -     . 

3  C 


.378 


nial  ouvesse  la  terra 
que  tene  o  mal  Rey, 
seu  las  armas  usara 
y  a  mim  te  nom  sey, 
se  hoinbre  a  mim  levara 
de  tao  mala  ley, 
A  Deos  vos  vayades 
gar^om  ca  nom  sey 
se  onde  me  falades 
mais  vos  falarey. 
No  figueiral  figueiredo 
a  no  figueiral  entrey, 
cu  Ihe  repricara 
a  mim  fh  nom  irey, 
ca  olhos  dcssa  cara 
caros  los  comprarey, 
a  las  longas  terras 
enlras  vos  me  irey, 
las  compridas  vias 
eu  las  andarey, 


lingoa  de  aravia? 
eu  las  falarey, 
Mouros  se  me  vissem 
eu  los  matarey. 
Ko  figueiral  figueiredo 
a  no  figueiral  entrey. 
Mouro  que  las  goarda 
cerca  lo  achey. 
mal  la  ameagara 
eu  mal  me  anogey, 
troncom  desgalhara 
troncom  desgalhey, 
todolos  machucara 
todolog  machuquey, 
las  ninas  furtara 
las  ninas  furtey, 
las  que  a  mim  falara 
nalma  la  chantey, 
no  figueiral  figueiredo 
a  no  figueiral  entrey. 

M.  Lusilana.  2.  7.  9. 


The  three  authors  who  lived  nearest  the  time  never  mention  the  battle  of  Ciavijo  at 
all ;  the}'  only  say  that  Ramiro  twice  conquered  the  Moors.  Yo  no  carece  de  maravilla, 
says  poor  Ambrosio,  porque  no  trataron  mas  de  una  cosa  tan  insigne  como  fite  aquella 
victoria ; . .  mas  yo  creo  que  por  ser  tan  sabida,  y  estar  tan  cumplidamente  cotilada  en  el 
privdegio  del  Rey,  no  curaron  de  dar  dello  mas  relacion.  T.  8.  34.  7.  Morales  seems 
lo  have  emasculated  his  mind  as  well  as  his  body  in  sacrifice  to  the  miserable  superstition 
of  his  country. 

Ferreras,  T.  4.  P.  186,  says  the  Frivilegio  or  deed  of  gift  is  manifestly  false  in  date, 
signatures,  and  great  part  of  its  contents;  but  the  gift  itself  is  certain,  and  the  reason  why 
the  deed  was  forged  is  because  the  original  had  been  lost.  It  is  manifest  that  the  Church 
never  could  have  carried  such  a  claim  into  effect  without  some  authority  for  so  doing  : 
nor  is  there  any  thing  improbable  in  the  story,  the  machinery  of  the  miracle  being  so 
easy. 

That  Santiago  actually  did  assist  Ramiro  is  proved  by  a  perpetual  miracle.  In  all  the 
vicinity  of  Ciavijo,  where  the  battle  was  fought,  particularly  about  the  town  of  Jubera, 
scollop  shells  are  found  in  the  stones,  so  exact  and  perfect,  that  art  could  not  form  a  more 
accurate  resemblance.     Some  say  they  have  been  there,  says  Brito,  since  the  Apostle 


379 

preached  there  in  his  hfe-time  ;  others  refer  them  to  the  age  of  this  battle:  ia  eitlier 
case  it  is  a  notable  testimony,  and  worthy  of  pious  consideration  ! 

M.  Lusitana.  2.  7. 10. 

The  scollop  was  the  mark  of  a  pilgrim  who  had  been  to  Compostella,  as  the  palm  was 
of  those  who  had  visited  the  Holy^Laiid.  Palmer  and  Pilgrim  therefore  are  not  precisely 
«ynonimous,  all  Pdgriins  not  being  Palmers.  Our  old  poetry,  when  a  pilgrim  is  intro- 
duced, shows  by  its  costume  that  this  was  the  fashionable  pilgrimage. 

The  Jews  are  said  to  believe  thai  they  can  rise  from  the  dead  nowhere  but  in  the 
Holy  Land.  They  therefore  who  are  not  buried  there,  will  have  to  work  their  way  there 
through  the  bowels  of  the  earth.  A  similar  belief  was  spread  abroad  respecting  the 
pilgrimage  to  Santiago,  though  a  better  journey  was  appointed  for  the  traveller;  .. 

Namque  ferunt  vivi  qui  non  h»c  templa  petentes 
Invisunt,  post  fata  illuc  et  funeris  umbras 
Venturos  ;  munusque  illud  pr»stare  beatis 
Lacie  viam  stellisque  albam,  qua;  nocte  serena 
Fulgurat,  et  longo  designat  Iramite  ccelum. 

Pacieciclos.  L.  7.  P.  117. 

The  Catholics  take  up  the  history  of  St.  James  where  the  Evangelical  writers  leave 
off:  . .  in  other  words,  tradition  begins  where  history  ends. 

Santiago*,  for  as  he  is  so  much  more  celebrated  in  ecclesiastical  romance  than  in 
ecclesiastical  history,  his  romantic  name  should  he  given  him,  ..came  after  the  cruci- 
fixion to  Spain.  He  preached  with  little  success,  the  names  of  only  nine  disciples  being 
recorded.  Howbeit  his  visit  was  attended  with  singular  benefits  to  that  highly  favoured 
country, . .  for  when  he  and  liis  disciples  were  at  Zaragoza,  one  night  as  lie  went  forth  to 
the  banks  of  the  Ebro,  to  instruct  them  and  join  with  them  in  prayer,  the  Virgin  appeared 
to  him  upon  a  jaspar  pillar,  surrounded  with  angels,  who  sung  to  her  the  matin  service. 
The  Apostle  knelt  before  her  . . .  she  said  to  him,  Build  me  a  church  upon  this  very  spot, 
for  I  know  that  this  part  of  Spain  will  be  especially  devoted  to  me,  and  therefore  from 
this  time  I  take  it  under  my  protection.  And  she  re-ascended,  leaving  the  miraculous 
pillar,  over  which  Santiago  erected  a  chapel      That  pillar  is  still  the  glory  of  Zaragoza, 


*  The  name  Jacob  has  been  strangely  metamorphosed  in  Spain.  Santo  Jacobo  was  shortened 
into  Santo  Jiico,  and  then  softened  into  the  single  word  Santiago.  The  simple  name  was  then 
extracted  from  this,  and  made  Yago,  Tiago,  Diago,  and  finally  Diego  by  the  Spaniards,  Diogo  by 
the  Portugueze..  From  the  French  Jacques  we  have  our  diminutive  Jack.  I  know  not  by  what 
process  the  Catalan  Jayme  and  the  English  James  have  been  formed. 


580 

and  the  object  of  veneration  in  Spain,  furnishing  the  Virgin  with  one  of  her  thousand 
titles.  He  left  two  of  his  nine  disciples,  and  with  the  other  .seven  returned  to  Jei'usaleni. 
There  the  Jews  hired  Herniogenes,  a  magician,  and  his  disciple  ]*hiletus,  to  confute  him 
by  disputation,  or  confound  him  by  their  power.  Philetus  first  attempted  ;  he  was  balVled 
in  argument,  out-miracled,  and  converted.  When  he  returned  to  his  Master  to  relate 
how  he  had  sped,  Hermogenes  spell-bound  him  so  that  he  coidd  not  move.  Santiago 
sent  him  his  handkerchief,  and  the  spell  was  dissolved  as  soon  as  he  was  touched  with  it. 
Hermogenes  then  bade  the  Devils  bring  the  Saint  and  his  new  disciple  in  bonds  to  him  : 
they  were  constrained  to  bind  their  master,  and  lay  him  at  the  Apostle's  feet.  A^  hy  do 
you  not  bind  Philetus  also,  said  Santiago,  willing  to  edify  the  beholders  by  the  (confession 
which  this  question  would  extort.  They  replied,  We  have  no  power  to  touch  even  a 
pismire  within  your  habitation.  Philetus  was  then  desired  to  release  the  old  magician  in 
the  name  of  Christ.  These  wonders  convinced  him,  but  he  feared  to  stir  out  of  the 
door  lest  the  fiends  should  destroy  him.  Santiago  gave  him  his  walking-stick  :  with  this 
he  was  secure,  and  he  remained  with  him  as  his  disciple  also. 

At  length  Abiathar  the  High  Priest  sent  Josias  the  Scribe*  to  apprehend  him,  who 
accordingly  put  a  rope  round  his  neck  and  dragged  him  before  Herod.  Herod  ordered 
him  imtnediately  to  be  beheaded.  On  the  way  he  healed  a  paralytic ;  the  miracle 
opened  the  eyes  of  Josias,  who  confessed  Christ  aloud.  He  received  the  kiss  of  peace 
from  his  fellow-victim,  and  suffered  martyrdom  with  the  Saint,  whom  he  himself  was 
leading  to  execution.     Morales.  Q.  7. 

The  seven  Spanish  disciples  took  the  body  by  night,  carried  it  to  Joppa,  and  em 
barked  on  board  a  ship  which  was  miraculously  ready  for  them  ;  by  miracle  they  sailed 
from  Joppa  to  Cape  Finisterre  without  sails  or  oars,  in  six  days,  and  landed  at  a  place 
called  Birrivo,  because  it  stood  at  the  junction  of  two  livers.  Immediately  they  went 
to  the  Queen  of  those  parts,  who  was  called  Luparia,  requesting  that  she  would  give  them 
a  place  wherein  to  bury  their  dead  master;  but  she  being  a  great  Idolater,  and  as 
wolfish  of  nature  as  of  name,  gave  information  against  them  to  the  King  of  the  province. 
He  burning  with  rage  set  out  in  pursuit  of  them  ;  they  hid  themselves  in  a  cave,  but 
were  warned  divinely  to  leave  it;  the  persecutor  imagined  they  were  still  concealed 
there,  and  entered  with  all  his  followers.  The  cave  fell  in  and  crushed  them.  This  and 
sundry  other  miracles  converted  Luparia.  She  gave  them  a  temple,  and  was  with  many 
of  her  subjects  baptized, . .  forming  so  large  a  body  of  Christians,  that  two  of  the  disciples 
thought  it  expedient  to  go  to  Rome  and  be  made  Bishops  by  St.  Peter.     Brito.  5.  4, 


•  Eusebius  (L.  2.  C.  9-)  mentions  the  conversion  of  this  persecutor,  but  not  his  name,  nor  thf 
miracle  which  occasioned  it.     Hfe  quotes  St.  Clemens. 


381     . 

These  first  fruits  were  soon  blighted.  In  one  of  the  early  persecutions  the  body  was 
hidden  and  forgotten  ;..  this  forgt  tiulness  was  partly  the  Devil's  work,  wlio  was  very 
anxious  to  have  the  existence  of  such  a  treasure  forgotten,  and  partly  because  ...  /a  gente 
de  aquella  tierra  no  es  comunmente  de  mucho  enteiidimiento,  ni  adverteiicia  en  las  cosas. 

Morales. 

(16.)  Under  Alonso  VI.  Don  Diego  Gelmirez,  the  first  Archbishop,  wisely  considering 
that  the  marble  coffin  and  the  body  would  be  regarded  with  more  reverence  if  they  were 
concealed,  placed  them  in  a  vault  under  the  great  altar,  where  they  still  remain,  never 
having  been  opened  since.     Morales. 

Ingens  sub  templo  fornix,  et  claustra  per  umbras 

Magna  jacent,  csecaeque  domus,  quels  magna  Jacobi 

Ossa  sepulchrali  fama  est  in  sede  latere. 

Nulli  fas  hominum  sacratum  insistere  limen. 

Est  vidisse  nefas,  nee  eundi  pervius  usus. 

E  longe  veniam  exorant,  atque  oscula  figunt 

Liminibus,  redeuntque  domas,  variasque  galeris 

Jacobi  effigies  addunt,  humerosque  bacillis 

Circundant,  conchisque  super  fulgentibus  ornant. 

Paciecidos.  7.  P.  11 7. 

Compostella.     P.  xxxiii. 
(17.)  Compostella  has  been  derived  from  Campus  StelljE,  in  allusion  to  the  lights 
which  pointed  out  the  relicks  ;  but  Florez,  with  greater  probability,  supposed  it  to  be  an 
abbreviation  of  Giacomo  Apostolo.     Esp.  Sagr.  T.  )9.  P.  71. 

Some  theologians  conceited  that  the  mother  of  Zebedee's  children  had  obtained  her 
petition  that  her  two  sons  might  be  seated,  one  on  the  right  hand  of  Christ  and  the  other 
on  his  left;.  .  because  one  of  them  was  buried  at  Compostella,  and  the  other  in  the  East. 

Joannes  Dryander,  Prccf.  ad  J.  Stadium  ap.  De  Brj/. 

When  Chapels  were  thus  founded,  Cities  sometimes  grew.      P.  xxxiv. 
(18.)  In  a  charter  granted   to  the  See  of  Ourense   1165,  it  is  stated   that  the  city 
being  small  before,  was  now  grown  great  since  it  had  possessed  the  body  of  St.  Euphemia, 
and  this  was  only  twelve  years  after  its  translation.     M.  Lusitana.  2.  5.  23. 

Our  Lady  of  the  Pillar.     P.  xxxv. 
(19-)  Ferreras,  in  the  year  1720,  ventured  to  doubt  this  fable  of  the  Pillar,  and  a 
royal  edict  was    immediately   published,  ordering  the  obnoxious  pages  to  be  cancelled 
in  every  copy:  Siendo,  s.iys  the  King,  muy  de  mi  desagrado  que  con  importantes  vanas 


382 

euriosidndes  se  qui  era  eiitihinr  la  dcvocion  con  que  JLspcnn  y  fndttH  las  Provincias  Chrh- 
tid/i'is  veiieuin  aqiie/  Sniitiuirio ;  y  que  se  exciteu  disj^ulns  iiiutiles  que  ocasiuiieu  eMaitdulo 
en  las  aiiifiius  couatuiiteiiieiite  Calholicus,  y  ardienleuiente  pijs  de  mis  vasa//i>s.  Pliilip  V. 
gave  onler  that  this  edict  should  be  de|)Osited  timong  the  archives  ai  Zaragoza,  ia 
testimony  ot  his  especial  devotion   to  our  Lady  ot"  tlie  Pillar. 

Risco.  Esp.  Sag.  T.  30.    P.  63. 
The  Inquisition  shortly  afteF«aids  forbad   any  person  ever  to  qiicstion  the  truth  uf 
this  precious  tradition,  and  on  the  other  hand  permitted  all  writers  to  defend  it  whenever 
an  opportunity  occurred. 

Alvito  intieated  him  to  he  dreamt  of  twice  more.  P.  jcxxvi. 
'  (20.)  The  practice  of  discoveiing  relicks  by  dreams,  for  the  sake  of  erectina:  a'tars 
there,  and  setting  up  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  became  too  common  at  last,  and  the  Bish  ips 
were  ordered  to  destroy  altars  tlius  fraudulently  erected  ;  or  if  the  people  would  not 
suffer  this,  to  explain  the  deception  to  them,  and  exhort  them  not  to  visit  the  place  in 
future.      Partida   1.  Tit.  JO.  Ley  10. 

We  have  seen  many  men,  says  Huarte,  feign  miracles  in  houses  and  places  of 
devotion,  for  straightways  the  people  tlock  unto  them  and  hold  them  in  great  reverence, 
as  persons  of  v\hom  God  makes  a  special  account ;  and  if  they  be  poor  tliey  favour  them 
with  large  alms,  and  so  some  sin  upon  interest.     English  Trans.  P.  l6. 

The  superstition  of  Kelicks  was  not  unknown  to  the  ancients.  The  great  toe  of 
Pyrrhus,  which  remained  iinconsumed  by  the  funeral  fire,  was  enshrined  and  huna;  up  in 
a  temple.  It  had  a  special  virtue  in  curing  diseases  of  the  spleen.  Pliny.  Lib.  7. 
Cap.  2. 

The  remains  of  the  Prophet  Mopsus  were  held  in  like  veneration  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  where  he  died,  after  the  Argonautic  expedition  :  ei  eo  cespite  Punico  tecti 
manes  ejus  heroici,  dulorum  varielati  medentur  plerunque  sospitales. 

Amm.  MarcelUnus.  Lib,  14. 

The  zeal  xsnih  which  these  saints  were  worshipped,  Sfc.    P.  xxxvi. 

(21.)  Those,  says  Sir  Tliomas  Browne,  that  to  refute  the  Invocation  of  Saints  have 
denied  that  they  have  any  knowledge  of  our  affairs  below,  have  proceeded  too  far,  and 
must  pardon  my  opinion,  till  I  can  thoroughly  answer  that  piece  of  Scripture,  At  the 
conversion  of  a  sinm'r  the  Angels  in  Heaven  rejoice. 

This  delightful  writer  speaks  of  the  Catholic  religion,  in  his  Re/igio  Medici,  like  a 
poet,  a  philosopher,  and  a  Christian. 

Gonzalo  de  Berceo  has  left  a  curious  description  of  the  apotheosis  of  St.  Millan. 
After  describing  his  death  he  proceeds  thus  : 


383 

Cerca  sedieii  los  Angeles^  luego  la  recibieron, 
Cantando  grandes  laudes  al  Cielo  la  subieron, 
Con  grandes  processiones  a  Dios  la  oftVecieron, 
Con  el  todos  los  sanctos  festa  doble  ficieron. 

Todos  los  Confessores  fazien  srrant  ale2;ria, 
Porqiie  vinie  tal  ouie  entie  sue  compania, 
Dicien  que  meioraba  toda  sue  confradia, 
Querrien  que  lis  viniessen  tales  tres  cada  dia. 

Los  Santos  Patriarcas  ancianos  varones, 
E  todos  los  Prophetas  oscuros  en  sermones, 
Avien  grant  alegria,  dizien  sanctas  canciones, 
Todos  li  facien  onra  e  grandes  processiones. 

Los  doce  Apostolos  principes  acabados. 
Que  foron  de  la  ley  de  Christo  abocados, 
Con  est  huesped  tan  noble  teniense  por  onrados, 
Dizien  cantos,  e  sones  dulces  e  modullados. 

El  coro  de'los  Martyres  que  por  Cliristo  niorieron, 
Que  por  salvar  las  aliuas  las  carnes  aburrieron. 
Con  SOS  amitos  blancos  procession  li  fizieron, 
Non  serie  asmaduera  la  onra  que  le  dieron. 

El  gozo  de  las  V'irgines  qui  lo  podrie  asoiar  f 
Todas  con  sos  coronas  li  vinien  visitar, 
Non  podrien  mayor  gozo  aver  nin  demostrar, 
Metien  bien  so  estudio  por  iiiucho  li  onrar. 

El  Key  de  los  Cielosj  e  la  sue  madre  gloriosa 
Dieronli  rica  siella  e  corona  preciosaj 
En  cielo  e  en  tierra  onra  maravellosa, 
Ont  es  en  altas  nuebas  sobida  la  sue  cosa. 

V.  de  S.  Millan.  302.  8. 

I  cannot  translate  these  lines  without  destroying  their  character.     Those  readers  who 
do  not  understand  them  will  pardon  their  insertion  for  the  sake  of  others  who  do. 

A  war  of  extermination.    P.  xxxviii. 
(22.)  The  Spaniards  however  had  a  less  horrible  idea  of  the  Moors  than  those  nations 
who  were  only  acquaiiUetl  with  them  by  name.      When    crusaders    from   France   and 
other  countries  came  to  assist  Alonso  VIIL  it  was  with  great  difficulty  that  he  coukl  make 
them  give  quarter  to  the  Misbelievers.     Cor.  Gen.  4.  Jf.  357- 


384 

JVar  was  the  business  of  the  age.  P.  xxxviii. 
(23.)  The  greater  part  of  the  people  neither  cultivated  the  fields,  nor  had  any  other 
estate  than  the  sword  :  and  when  in  harvest  time  they  wished  to  lay  in  bread  for  their 
children,  they  informed  themselves  where  the  Moors  had  most,  and  collecting  their 
friends  together  made  a  sufficient  company,  with  which  they  fell  upon  the  enemy,  and 
gathered  in  by  force  of  arms  the  fruits  which  they  had  reared  in  the  course  of  the  year. 
By  these  means  they  became  so  ready  for  war,  that  whenever  their  Prince  took  the 
field,  they  left  every  thing  which  they  liad  in  hand,  and  flocked  to  tlie  place  appointed  ; 
the  old  men  and  boys  lamenting  that  their  age  did  not  allow  them  to  do  the  like.  And 
the  Portuffueze  women  held  themselves  disgraced  if  the  ornaments  and  furniture  of  their 
houses  were  not  spoils  which  their  husbands  had  taken  ;  nor  was  there  a  man,  however  low 
his  rank,  who  would  give  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  one  who  had  not  borne  a  part  in 
some  famous  encounter.     Brito.  Chion.  de  Cister.  P.  232. 


NOTES 


ON 


THE    CHRONICLE. 


Era.     P.  1. 

(1.)  Many  dissertations  have  been  written  concerning  the  origin  and  etymology  of 
the  Era,  from  which  the  Spaniards  used  to  date,  till  it  was  abolished  in  Aragon  by 
Pedro  IV.  1358,  in  Castilie  by  Juan  I.  1383,  and  in  Portugal  by  Joam  I.  1415. 

St.  Isidore  thinks  it  originated  from  the  tribute  imposed  by  Augustus,  and  that  the 
word  was  literally  vEra, . .  the  brazen  money.  Brito  says  that  this  is  confirmed  by  a  manu- 
script of  Eusebius  at  Alcoba^a,  in  which  these  words  are  found ;  Hoc  tempore  edicto  Augusti 
Casaris,  as  in  tributum  et  census  dari  jubetur,  ex  quod  JEra  collecta  est.  He  means,  I 
suppose,  that  this  is  inserted  as  a  marginal  note  by  the  transcriber.  Bolh  the  Toledan 
Annals  support  this  etymology  by  calling  it.  Era  del  Arambre, . .  arambre  meaning  the 
same  as  jEs. 

Sepulveda  says  it  is  a  corruption.  Annus  er.  A.  and  from  this  abbreviation  of  erat 
Augusti  came  era.  Resende  and  Morales  assert  that  Era  was  a  well-known  word  in  this 
acceptation  before  the  age  of  Augustus, 

Of  these  opinions,  saj-s  Bernardo  de  Brito,  the  reader  may  chuse  which  he  likes 
best:  for  myself,  I  judge  St.  Isidore's  to  be  very  likely,  Sepulveda's  very  ingenious,  and 
Resende's  very  true, .  .  till  some  better  shall  be  discovered.  But  certain  it  is,  that  this 
date  is  peculiar  to  Spain. 

The  mode  of  reducing  the  year  of  the  Era  to  the  year  of  Christ  is  by  subtracting 
38.  No  doubt  had  been  made  of  this  computation  till  the  Marques  de  Mondejar  endea- 
voured to  prove  that  the  Era  should  be  reckoned  before  the  Incarnation  instead  of 
before  the  Nativity,  and  then  another  year  ought  to  be  subtracted.  This  opinion  was 
supported  by  Gregorio  Mayans  y  Siscar,  who  edited  Mondejar's  chronological  works. 

3    B 


386 

The  authority  of  two  such  men  was  not  lightly  to  be  rejected.  Florez  therefore  entered 
into  a  full  investigation  of  the  subject,  and  has  for  ever  established  the  accuracy  of  the 
old  computation. 

And  from  the  coming  of  the  Patriarch,  &)X.  P.  1 . 
(2.)  The  most  complete  specimen  of  this  kind  of  date  is  to  be  found  in  Gomes 
Eannes,  in  his  Chronicle  of  the  capture  of  Ceuta.  He  is  telling  on  what  day  the  city  was 
taken.  "  It  was  on  the  twenty-first  day  of  the  month  of  August,  from  the  Era  of  Adam, 
that  is  to  say,  the  year  of  the  world  5176,  Hebrew  years ;  and  from  the  Era  of  the  Deluge 
4517,  Roman  years;  and  from  the  Era  of  Nebuchadnezzar  2lG2;  and  from  the  Era  of 
Philip  the  great  King  of  Greece  1723;  and  from  the  Era  of  Alexander  the  great  King 
of  Macedonia  1726;  and  from  the  Era  of  Ceesar  the  Emperor  of  Rome  1458;  and  from 
the  Era  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  1415;  and  from  the  Era  of  Alimus  the  Egyptian  971 ; 
and  from  the  Era  of  the  Arabs  793,  according  to  their  years,  for  all  the  other  years  are 
Roman ;  and  from  the  era  of  the  Persians  7B3  ;  and  from  the  Era  of  the  reign  of  King 
Don  Affonso  I.  of  Portugal  313  ;  and  of  the  year  of  the  reign  of  the  King  Don  Joam  .'S2 
solar  years;  when  the  Sun  was  in  six  degrees  of  the  sign  of  Virgo,  and  the  moon  had 
past  the  first  quarter,  and  was  in  the  first  degree  of  the  Gemini,  who  are  Pollux  and 
Castor,  sons  of  Leda ;  and  it  was  more  than  seven  hours  and  a  half  after  noon-day  when 
the  city  was  quite  cleared  of  the  Moors." 

Beuther  has  an  amusing  chapter  concerning  epochs,  in  which  he  mentions  the  cir- 
cumstances from  which   the  old   people  of  Valencia  in  his   time  used  to  date  events. 
They  give  a  curious  picture  of  the  times.     Some  among  us,  says  he,  in  this  city,  count 
from  the  sackage  of  the  Jewry,  when  the  people  plundered  and  burnt  it,  after  which  feat 
the  Synao-ogue  was  consecrated  into  a  Church  in  the  name  of  St.  Christoval,  and  many 
Jews  were  baptized  by  their  own  free  will,  all  which  was  in  the  year  1391,  on  the  tenth 
of  July.     Others  reckon  from  the  fire  in  the  market  place,  when  because  justice  had  been 
done  upon  a  woman  of  rank  and  some  of  her  servants  who  had  murdered  a  whole  family 
in  Payporta,  a  village  near  Valencia,  her  husband,  being  a  principal  man  in  that  place, 
attempted  to  burn  the  city,  and  set  fire  in  many  places  to  the  market-place,  where  the 
bodies  of  the  criminals  were  exposed  ;  but  it  pleased  God  that  the  fire  took  in  one  part 
only,  where  about  a  hundred  houses  were  destroyed,  and  many  persons  perished.     This 
was  in  the  year  1447.     And  the  street  which  was  built  on  that  occasion  took  its  name 
therefrom,  being  called  Carrer  Nou,  that  is  to  say.  New  Street.     Others  reckon  from  the 
robbing  of  the  Moorery  on  Trinity  Sunday  1455,  when  by  reason  of  a  fight  with  knives 
hard  by  there,  in  which  a  man  was  killed,  they  cried  out  Muerto  Ian,  They  have  killed 
him  !  and  the  mob  thought  it  was  Moras  hay.  The  Moors !  and  they  rose  and  entered  the 
Moorery,  and  slew  many  Moors,  and  plundered  their  houses,    i.  1.  C.  1. 


387 

And  he  put  his  sons  to  read  that  they  might  be  of  the  better  uiiderstandin<r.     P.  Q. 

(S.)  Two  centuries  after  Ferrando  the  Great,  Alfonso  the  Wise  thought  it  necessai-y 
to  advise  in  the  Pallidas  that  the  children  of  a  King  should  be  taught  to  read,  and  to. 
explain  the  advantage  which  they  would  derive  from  the  acquisition.  Even,  says  the 
Law,  as  their  clothes  must  be  made  larger  as  they  grow  older,  so  are  there  other  things 
which  the  sons  of  a  King  should  be  taught  as  they  increase  in  years;  such  as  to  read  and 
write,  which  is  very  useful  to  those  who  can  do  it,  because  they  can  more  easily  learn 
what  they  desire  to  know,  and  can  better  keep  their  secrets.     Partida.  '2.  Tit.  7.  hey  10. 

A  King  should  learn  to  read  that  he  may  be  able  to  keep  his  own  secrets,  for  other- 
wise he  will  be  obliged  to  entrust  them  to  another  :  besides,  he  will  be  the  better  able  to 
understand  the  Scriptures,  and  know  better  how  to  pray  to  God  ;  and  he  will  be  able  to 
read  the  great  feats  which  have  been  wrought  in  the  world,  from  which  he  may  learn 
many  good  customs  and  examples.  And  the  wise  men  6f  old  not  only  held  it  advisable 
that  Kings  should  be  taught  to  read,  but  also  that  they  should  learn  all  the  sciences, 
which  was  the  opinion  of  King  David  and  King  Solomon,  and  of  Boethius,  who  was  a 
wise  knight,     Partida  2.  Tit.  5.  Ley  16. 

And  he  ordered  that  his  daughters  should  be  brought  up  in  the  studies  beseeming  dames. 

P.  2. 
(4.)  They  were  instructed  in  works  of  devotion,  says  Garibay,  speaking  as  much  from 
the  manners  of  his  own  time  as  of  King  Ferrando's.  In  the  Partidas,  Amas  and  Ay  as, 
or  Nurses  and  Governesses,  are  exhorted  "  above  all  other  things  to  teach  the  daugh- 
ters of  a  King  to  be  true  to  themselves  and  to  their  husbands,  and  to  all  with  whom 
they  are  concerned.  This  care,  though  it  belong  to  the  father  also,  is  especially  the 
mother's  charge.  And  as  soon  as  they  have  understanding  for  it  they  should  be  taught 
to  read,  so  as  to  read  the  Hours  well,  and  to  be  able  to  read  the  Psalter.  They  should 
particularly  be  taught  not  to  be  prone  to  anger,  for  that  is  the  thing  which  of  all 
others  most  easily  induces  women  to  do  wrong.  And  they  should  be  taught  to  be  handy 
in  all  those  works  which  appertain  to  noble  ladies,  for  this  behoves  them  much  that  they 
may  be  chearful  and  kept  quiet ;  and  besides,  it  takes  away  evil  thoughts,  such  as  it  is 
not  fitting  that  they  should  have.      Partida  2.  Tit.  7.  Let/  11. 

The  treason  which  King  Don  Ordono  the  Second  committed  upon  the  Counts  of  Castille. 

P.  2. 
(5.)  A.  D.  922.  Ordono  the  Second  summoned  four  of  the  Counts  of  Castille  to  his 
court  at  Tejares  upon  the  banks  of  the  Carrion.  They  came  and  were  seized  there, 
carried  to  Leon,  and  secretly  put  to  death  in  prison  ;  and  thus,  says  the  Archbishop 
Rodrigo,  Ordono  stained  the  girdle  of  his  glory  with  innocent  blood.  L.  4.  C  22. 
Ferreras,  T.  4.  P.  301,  justifies  the  King,  and  this  occasioned  a  warm  dispute  between 


388 

liim  and  Berganza,  who  attacks  him  in  his  Aiitigiiedades  de  Espaiia,  L.  3.  C.  3.  §  24 — 26. 
Ferreras  replied  in  his  Historia  de  Espaiia,  Part  16.  Emendada,  Knadldu  y  Vindkada,  C.  12. 
and  Berganza  again  answered  him  in  '  Ferreras  Convencido,'  C.  8.  Both  writers  were  wrong. 
The  Counts  of  Castillo  were  making  themselves  independant  of  Leon, . .  that  is  to  say, 
revolting.  Berganza  is  wrong  in  denying  this,  and  attempting  to  explain  away  plain 
language  and  plain  facts.  Ferreras  commits  the  heavier  fault,  of  justifying  a  base  and 
treacherous  act  of  cowardly  cruelty,  which,  like  all  such  acts,  proved  as  impolitic  as  it  was 
iniquitous. 

Lat/n  Calvo.     P.  2. 

(6.)  Layn  Calvo  appears  by  both  his  names  to  have  been  of  Roman  parentage.  The 
former  (the  patronymic  of  which,  Laynez,  ought  to  be  as  famous  in  ecclesiastical  history 
as  Loyola,)  is  variously  Latinized,  Flavius,  Flavinius,  Flaynus,  and  Flaginus*.  The 
Spaniards,  when  their  language  was  in  its  infancy,  wrote  many  words  with  a  single  I 
which  they  probably  pronounced  with  the  //,  because  they  now  write  them  so  :  .  .  lamar, 
llamar  ;  laiio,  llano,  for  instance.  If  Layn  was  thus  pronounced,  the  Fl  would  easily  pass 
into  the  lisping  aspirate,  which  is  peculiar  to  the  Spanish  and  the  Welsh.  It  is  thus  that 
Shakespere  has  made  Fluellin  of  Llewelyn. 

The  Gothic  Kings  affected  the  name  of  Flavius.  Recaredus  is  believed  to  have 
been  the  first  who  assumed  it.  Morales  (L.  12.  C.  3.  §  9.)  guessed  that  it  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  Greek  Emperors,  whose  forms  he  ambitiously  imitated.  They  might 
willingly  bestow  it,  as  less  imperial  than  Augustus  and  Caesar.  Resende,  to  whom  Morales 
communicated  this  opinion,  thought  the  name  was  assumed  to  conciliate  their  Roman 
subjects. 

The  Calvi  f  are  said  to  have  sprung  from  one  of  that  name  who  came  into  Spain  with 
the  Scipios. 

Elvira  Nuiiez.     P.  2. 

(7.)  She  was  called  Velio,  says  the  Chronica  del  Cid,  because  she  was  Vellosa.     But 

Band  Fare  continually  confounded  in  all  the  dialects  of  Spain,  and  by  the  help  of  this 

mutation  Garibay  derives  the  name  from  something  better  than  a  beard.      Bella,  he  says, 

if  it  be  not  a  patronymic,  from  the  name  of  her  father  Nuno  Belchidez,  or  Bellidez,  or 


*  Berganza.  L.  5.  C.  10.  §  115.    In  this  last  word  the  g  was  perhaps  aspirated. 

f  Luc.  Mar.  Siculus  enumerates  them  in  his  Chapter  De  RomanorunuColoniis.  De  Reb.  Hisp.  L.  3. 
but  he  does  not  mention  this  descent.  Berganza  relates  it  after  Cardinal  Mendoza  ; . .  it  would  be  time 
ill  spent  to  hunt  out  classical  authorities. 


389 

from  her  mother  Sula  or  Belkj  may  have  been  given  her  on  account  of  her  great 
beauty  ;  for  the  wise  ancients  oftentimes  gave  their  children  such  good  names  as  would 
influence  others  in  their  favour,  and  excite  those  who  bore  them  to  the  performance  of 
good  actions.     Lib.  X.  Cap.  6. 

Casas  del  Cid.  P.  3.  N.  3. 
(8.)  According  to  Florez,  the  houses  of  the  Cid  at  Burgos  fell  down  in  1600.  They 
were  in  a  street  llamada  calk  Real,  calle  alta  de  S.  Marti/i,  y  de  Vejairiia;  porque  en 
su  principio  haif  Iglesia  de  S.  Martin,  y  poique  en  aquella  calle  (  que  en  lo  antiguo  era 
baja  resperto  de  las  que  habia  encima  acia  el  Castillo)  ruaban  los  Caballeros,y  la  llamaban 
el  Kual  donde  los  senores  se  paseaban  y  festejaban  a  las  damas,  (que  esto  era  ruar^  y  hoy  es  la 
Vejarrua,  asi  dicha  no  solo  per  ser  la  mas  vieja  que  perscvera  de  lo  primitivo,  sino  por  kaber  ser- 
vido  a  los  cort''jos.     Esp.  Sagr.  T.  27.  65  »• 

Miidarra.     P.  4. 

(9.)  The  Infantes  of  Lara  are  among  the  most  celebrated  heroes  of  the  popular 
Ballads  of  Spain.     Their  history  is  thus  related  in  the  Coronica  General.     P.  3. 

Sancha,  the  sister  of  Kuy  Velasquez,  was  tiie  wife  of  Gonzalo  Gustios,  a  good  and 
honourable  knight.    Their  seven  sons,  the  Infantes  of  Lara,  were  bred  up  by  Nuiio  Salido,  . 
a  good  kniglit,  who  was  skilful  in  training  hawks  and  in    other  good  arts;   he   brought 
them  up  in  all  good  customs,  and  they  were  all  knighted  in  one  day  by  Garci  Ferrandez, 
the  Count  of  Castille. 

Their  uncle  Ruy  Velasquez  married  Doiia  Lambra,  and  celebrated  his  marriage  with 
great  splendour;  not  only  his  friends  and  kin  and  country-folk  came  to  Burgos,  but 
guests  also  w  ere  there  from  Portugal  and  Navarre  and  Gascony.  Garci  Ferrandez,  who 
was  cousin  to  the  bride,  made  great  donations  at  these  nuptials,  as  did  all  the  men 
of  rank.  The  feasts  continued  five  weeks,  and  in  the  last  week  Ruy  Velasquez  set  up  a 
tablado  *  beyond  the  river  as  amaik  for  the  knights.  They  threw  their  tilting  canes 
at  it  without  success,  till  Alvar  Sanchez,  a  kinsman  of  the   bride,   who  had  waited  to 


*  Morales,  L.  \6.  C.  46.  §  4,  endeavours  to  explain  this  por  lo  que  7/?cjor  se  piiedc  entender ;  but 
Zurita,  he  says,  with  all  his  knowledge  ofantkuities,  did  not  understand  it,  and  he  does  not  seem  tho- 
roughly satisfied  with  his  own  explanation.  A  wooden  Castle,  or  something  like  it,  he  says,  was  set 
on  high,  so  loosely  made  as  to  be  easily  broken  lo  pieces  ;  this  they  threw  at  with  wands,  which  were 
called  Bohordos,  or  Bofordos,  whence  the  sport  is  sometimes  called  Bufordar.  There  is  a  Latin  word 
of  tlie  middle  age,  Bohordkum,  from  the  same  stock  ;  and  an  old  Trench  one,  Bohordois,  from  whence 
probably  bordel  or  bruthel.  The  obviou?  meaning  of  Tahlado  would  be  a  wooden  ziiark,  . .  a  target,  .. 
but  if  It  had  meant  nothing  more,  these  excellent  historians  would  have  found  no  difTiciiUy  in  explain- 
ing it. 


390 

see  the  rest  fail,  rode  up,  and  threw  and  struck  it  full.  At  this  Lambra  exulted  and  said  to 
her  husband's  sister,  Sancha,  See  now  if  there  be  an}'  knight  here  so  good,  and  so  skilful  a 
horseman,  as  my  kinsman  Alvar  Sanchez,  for  he  is  the  only  one  who  can  hit  the  mark. 
Sancha  smiled  at  the  boast,  and  her  sons  smiled  also;  the  six  elder  were  playing  tables, 
and  thought  no  more  of  what  had  been  said;  but  Gonzalo  Gonzalez,  who  was  the 
youngest,  mounted  his  horse,  and  took  a  tilting-cane  without  their  knowledge,  and  hav- 
ing only  one  Squire  with  him  who  carried  a  hawk  on  his  fist,  he  rode  toward  the  mark 
and  flung,  and  struck  it  so  forcibly  that  he  broke  it. 

His  brethren,  though  they  were  glad  at  his  success,  feared  it  might  occasion  some 
dispute,  for  Lambra  was  manifestly  displeased;  and  they  took  horse  and  rode  up  to  him. 
Alvar  Sanchez  had  already  begun  a  broil,  and  given  such  haughty  language  to  Gonzalo, 
that  the  young  knight  in  return  broke  his  jaw  and  knocked  out  his  teeth.  At  this 
Lambra  shrieked,  and  exclaimed  that  never  woman  was  so  dishonoured  at  her  wedding 
feast;  her  husband  caught  up  the  haft  of  a  spear,  and  without  farther  enquiry,  rode  up 
to  his  nephew  and  struck  at  him  and  wounded  him  sorely  in  the  head.  Gonzalo  kept 
down  his  anger,  and  said,  I  have  not  deserved  this  at  your  hands;  perhaps  it  is  my 
death-blow ;  if  it  should  prove  so,  I  request  my  brethren  not  to  pursue  you  for  vengeance. 
But  I  beseech  you  do  not  strike  me  again,  for  I  cannot  bear  it.  Ruy  Velasquez, nothing 
heeding  this  forbearance,  struck  at  him  again;  the  spear  missing  his  head,  fell  upon  his 
shoulcier,  and  broke.  Gonzalo  then  seized  the  hawk  from  his  Squire,  for  he  had  no  arms, 
and  drove  with  it  at  his  uncle's  face,  and  crushed  the  bird  with  the  blow,  and  made 
the  blood  start  from  his  mouth  and  nostrils.  Immediately  there  was  a  cry  '  to  arms  !* 
and  the  knights  and  friends  of  Ruy  Velasquez  gathered  together  on  one  side,  and  the 
Infantes  with  ail  their  people,  to  the  number  of  two  hundred,  gathered  together,  expecting 
surely  to  be  slain.  But  Count  Garci  Ferrandez,  and  the  father  of  the  Infantes,  Gonzalo 
Gustios,  interfered,  and  restored  peace  and  reconciled  them.  When  this  was  effected 
the  father  said  to  his  brotlier-in-law,  Ruy  Velasquez,  you  stand  in  need  of  knights,  for 
you  have  the  highest  praise  in  arms  of  any  man  living,  so  that  Moors  and  Christians  fear 
and  greatly  envy  you.  Let  my  sons  serve  you,  and  deal  you  by  them  so  that  they  may 
serve  you  well.  Ruy  Velasquez  made  answer,  that  he  should  rejoice  to  have  them  in 
his  service,  and  would  honour  them  as  his  sister's  children,  and  the  nephews  of  his  own 
flesh. 

When  the  marriage  feasts  were  over,  Count  Garci  departed  to  go  through  the  land, 
and  Ruy  Velasquez  and  Gonzalo  Gustios  departed  with  him.  The  Infantes  and  their 
mother  and  their  foster-father  remained  with  Dona  Lambra,  and  went  with  her  to  Barva- 
diello,  hawking  for  her  diversion  as  they  went  along.  When  they  arrived  the  brethren 
went  into  a  garden,  and  there  under  the  shade  of  the  trees  Gonzalo  bathed  his  hawk  to 
refresh  it.     Lambra  seeing  him,  and  hating  hira  because  of  what  had  past,  called  to  one 


391 

of  her  men,  and  bade  him  take  a  gourd  and  fill  it  with  blood  and  fling  it  at  that  knight  with 
the  hawk,  then  run  to  her,  and  she  would  protect  him.  ^^'hen  the  Infantes  saw  this  shame 
which  was  done  to  their  brother,  they  took  counsel  together,  and  resolved  to  take  their 
swords  under  their  cloaks  and  pursue  the  man.  If  he  do  not  run  from  us,  said  they,  he 
is  a  fool,  and  hath  done  this  in  his  folly ;  but  if  he  runs  to  Dona  Lambra  and  she  protects 
him,  the  thing  is  her  doing.  The  man,  as  he  had  been  commanded,  ran  to  his  mistress 
for  safety.  Lady  and  Aunt,  said  the  Infantes,  we  beseech  you  seek  not  to  save  him  from 
us.  She  replied,  he  is  my  vassal,  and  you  shall  not  hurt  him  ;  but  they  slew  him  at  her  feet, 
and  his  blood  was  sprinkled  upon  her  garments  and  her  coif.  Then  they  went  to  horse, 
and  took  their  mother,  and  rode  home  to  Salas. 

Lambra  had  a  bed  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  Castle  court,  and  covered  it  with  a 
pall*,  and  she  and  all  her  women  made  a  great  lamentation  over  it.  Ruy  Velasquez  and 
Gonzalo  Gustios  were  on  their  return  when  they  heard  what  had  past,  and  they  were 
greatly  troubled,  and  they  separated  and  each  went  to  his  wife  ;  Lambra  received  her 
husband  with  complaints  and  cries  for  vengeance:  Dona  Lambra,  said  he,  do  not  grieve; 
I  will  do  you  such  justice  that  the  whole  world  shall  talk  of  it.  Immediately  he  sent  for 
Gonzalo  Gustios,  who  came  and  brought  his  sons  with  him ;  they  talked  of  the  dishonour 
which  the  Infantes  had  done  unto  Dona  Lambra,  and  the  seven  brethren  put  themselves 
into  their  uncle's  hands,  bidding  him  remember  what  had  been  the  cause  of  this  thing, 
and  do  with  them  as  he  thought  good.  And  Ruy  Velasquez  spake  like  a  friend,  to  the  end 
that  they  might  not  suspect  him. 

Then  Ruy  Velasquez  said  to  Gonzalo  Gustios,  Brother-law,  this  marriage  of  mine 
hath  put  me  to  great  cost,  and  the  Count  Don  Garci  did  not  help  me  so  much  as  I 
expected.  Ahnanzor,  as  you  know,  sent  me  great  help  towards  my  charges;  if  it  please 
you,  you  shall  go  to  him,  and  take  him  letters  of  salutation,  and  tell  him  the  heavy  costs 
I  have  been  at ;  and  certes  he  will  give  you  great  gifts.  And  Gonzalo  Gustios  answered 
that  he  was  right  willing  to  do  his  bidding,  and  Ruy  Velasquez  went  apart  with  a  Moor 
who  spake  the  Roman^tonguef,  and  wrote  letters  in  Arabic;  and  this  was  what  the  letter 
said  :  To  you,  Almanzor,  health,  from  me  Ruy  Velasquez  ;  know  that  the  sons  of  Gonzalo 
Gustios  of  Salas,  he  who  bringeth  this  letter,  have  done  great  dishonour  to  me  and  to  my 
wife,  and  I  cannot  revenge  myself  upon  them  here  in  the  land  of  the  Christians.  I  send 
therefore  this  their  father  unto  yon,  that  incontinently  you  may  have  his  head  struck  oif. 
And  I  will  draw  out  my  people,  and  talce  his  seven  sons  with  me,  and  will  lodge  with  them 
at  ^Imenar,  and  do  you  send  Viara  and  Galve  with  your  host,  and  I  will  put  them  in 


•  panos  de  home  muerto. 
t  Moro  ladino. 


392 

your  power.  And  then  do  you  strike  off  the  heads  of  the  seven  Infantes  my  nephews  ^ 
for  when  you  shall  have  slain  them,  all  the  land  of  the  Christians  will  be  at  your  will ;  for 
know  you  that  these  knights  are  greater  enemies  to  you  than  any  other  whatsoever,  and 
that  in  them  is  the  strength  of  Count  Garci  Fcrrandez. 

As  soon  as  this  letter  was  made,  Ruy  Velasquez  killed  the  Moor  who  had  written  it, 
least  he  should  discover  what  had  been  done.  Meantime  Gonzalo  Gustios  went  to  Salas, 
and  Ruy  Velasquez  went  thither  after  him  :  and  he  said  to  his  sister  Doua  Sancha,  Don 
Gonzalo  will  return  full  rich  from  Cordova,  if  it  please  God;  he  will  bring  us  such  trea- 
sures that  we  shall  be  rich  for  ever.  And  he  said  to  Gonzalo  Gustios,  Brother-law,  dispeed 
yourself  of  Dona  Sancha,  for  it  is  time  ;  and  you  and  I  will  go  sleep  this  night  at  Bivestre. 
And  they  took  horse,  and  they  communed  together  great  part  of  the  night.  And  on  the 
morrow  Ruy  V^elasquez  gave  him  the  letter,  and  he  not  knowing  the  deceit  took  it,  and 
went  his  way.  And  when  he  came  to  Cordova  he  gave  the  letter  to  Aimanzor,  saying, 
Almanzor,  Ruy  Velasquez  greeteth  j'ou,  and  desireth  that  }'ou  will  send  him  an  answer 
to  what  he  hath  said  in  his  letter.  And  Almanzor  took  the  letter,  and  when  he  saw  the 
enmity  that  was  therein,  he  tore  the  letter,  and  said  unto  Gonzalo  Gustios,  What  is  this 
which  thou  hast  brought  me?  And  he  answered  that  he  knew  not.  And  Almanzor  said 
tinto  him,  Know  then  that  Ruy  Velasquez  sends  to  bid  me  strike  off  thy  head  ;  but  I  will 
not  do  this ;  nevertheless  1  must  put  thee  in  prison.  And  he  did  so  ;  and  he  gave  charge 
to  an  honourable  Moorish  w  oman  that  she  should  keep  him  and  serve  him  well ;  and 
it  came  to  pass  that  this  Moor  and  Don  Gonzalo  loved  each  other. 

Now  when  Ruy  Velasquez  had  thus  sent  Gonzalo  Gustios  to  Cordova,  he  spake 
with  his  nephews  the  seven  Infiantes,  and  said  to  them,  I  hold  it  good,  while  your  father 
is  gone  to  Almanzor,  that  we  make  an  inroad  towards  Almenar  ;  if  it  please  you  to  go 
with  me,  I  shall  rejoice  in  your  company;  but  if  it  be  otherwise,  then  do  you  tarry  and 
guard  the  land.  And  they  said  unto  him,  Don  Rodrigo,  it  is  not  fitting  that  you  should 
go  forth,  with  the  host,  and  we  tarry  behind.  And  he  said,  Make  ready  then,  and  ye  shall 
go  with  me.  And  then  Ruy  Velasquez  sent  through  all  the  land,  bidding  those  who  would 
go  forth  with  him,  to  make  ready,  and  join  him.  And  when  the  people  heard  that  he 
would  go  forth,  they  were  full  joyful,  and  many  came  unto  him,  for  this  Ruy  Velasquez 
was  a  man  who  had  good  fortune  in  the  inroads  which  he  made.  And  when  Ruy  Velasquez 
saw  that  they  were  more  than  enough,  he  sent  to  bid  his  nephews  come  after  him,  for 
he  would  wait  for  them  in  the  plain  of  Febros  ;  and  incontinently  he  sallied  from  Barva- 
diello  with  his  people,  and  went  his  way.  And  the  seven  Infantes  set  forth  to  follow  him  ; 
and  when  they  came  to  a  grove  of  pines  which  was  upon  the  way,  they  looked  for 
omens,  and  full  evil  ones  they  had.  And  Nuiio  Salido  was  greatly  troubled  at  these 
omens,  seeing  them  so  bad,  and  he  said  to  the  Infantes  that  they  should  return  to 
Salas,  for  it  was  not  fitting  to  go  on  with  omens  such  as  those.     And  Gonzalo  Gonzalez, 


393  . 

the  youngest  of  the  seven  brethren,  said  unto  him,  Don  Nuno  Saliilo,  tlils  whicii  ^-ou- 
say  J3  nought^ . .  for  they  are  not  for  us,  but  for  him  who  hath  gathered  together  the 
host,  and  goeth  as  their  leader.  But  do  you,  who  are  now  an  old  man,  and  full  of 
years,  and  no  longer  fit  for  battle,  turn  back,  for  we  will  go  on  with  our  uncle  Ruy 
Velasquez.  And  Nufio  Salido  answered.  My  sons,  verily  I  speak  truth,  and  it  grieveth 
me  to  the  heart  that  ye  will  go  in  this  inroad,  for  I  see  such  omens  that  we  shall  never 
return  to  our  own  homes.  And  Gonzalo  Gonzalez  answered.  Hold  thy  peace  Don 
Kufio,  and  say  no  more,  for  we  will  not  believe  you  whatever  you  may^ay.  And  Nunc 
, Salido  said,  Sorely  doth  it  trouble  me  that  ye  will  not  believe  what  I  say  ;  but  since  it  is  so, 
I  will  take  my  leave  of  ye  now,  for  I  know  full  well  that  1  shall  never  see  ve  more.  Tiien 
Nuno  Salido  turned  back,  and  the  Infantes  w^ent  their  way.  But  as  Nuno  Salido  went 
along,  he  thought  that  he  was  doing  ill  in  thus  forsaking  those  whom  he  had  bred  up 
so  many  years,  for  the  fear  of  death  :  and  he  said  within  himself,  Far  better  doth  it 
become  me  to  go  wherever  death  may  find  me,  than  them,  who  are  yet  young  men,  and 
should  have  long  life  before-them.  Moreover,  if  they  should  die  there,  Ruy  Velasouez 
would  slay  me  when  he  returned,  and  it  would  even  be  suspected  that  I  had  taken 
counsel  for  their  death  ; . .  and  this  would  be  an  evil  fame  for  me,  and  I  who  have  been 
honoured  in  my  youth,  should  be  put  to  shame  in  my  old  age.  And  with  that  he  turned 
again  towards  the  infantes,  and  went  after  them. 

When  the  seven  Infantes  came  to  Febros,  Ruy  Velasquez  went  out  to  meet  them,  and' 
he  asked  fof  Nuiio  Salido,  wherefore  he  came  not  with  them.  And  they  told  him  what 
had  past  concerning  the  omens.  And  when  Ruy  Velasquez  heard  it,  he  said  unto  them 
with  fair  words,  but  lying  ones.  My  nephews,  these  omens  were  right  good  ones,  for  tliey 
give  us  to  understand  that  we  shall  make  great  spoil  of  the  goods  of  another,  and  lose 
none  of  our  own  ;  Nuno  Salido  hath  done  ill  in  not  coming  with  ye,  and  God  send  that 
lie  may  one  day  repent  of  it.  While  they  were  thus  communing  Nuno  Salido  came  up, 
and  the  Infantes  welcomed  him  with  good  cheer.  And  Ruy  Velasquez  said  unto  him, 
Don  Nuiio  Salido,  you  have  alway  been  my  enemy  in  all  that  you  could  ;  and  you  are  so  at 
this  time  ;  but  greatly  will  it  grieve  me,  if  I  shall  not  be  lighted  upon  you.  Nuno  Salido 
answered,  Don  Rodrigo,  I  have  never  dealt  falsely,  nor  as  an  enemy  towards  vou,  but 
alway  like  a  true  man  ;  and  I  say  unto  you,  that,  whosoever  saiih  the  omens  which  we 
have  seen  are  good,  and  promise  gain  to  us,  lieth  with  great  treason.  He  said  nothino- 
amiss  in  this,  for  they  had  contrived  treason  :  and  he  said  it  because  he  knew  what  Ruy 
Velasquez  had  spoken.  And  when  Ruy  Velasquez  heard  these  words,  he  held  him- 
self greatly  dishonoured,  and  he  said  to  his  vassals,  In  an  evil  day  do  I  givej-e  your  pay, 
since  ye  see  me  thus  dishonoured  by  Nuno  Salido,  and  do  not  right  me  upon  him  !  When 
one  of  his  knights  heard  this,  he  took  a  sword,  and  went  to  strike  Nuiio  Salido;  but 
when  Gonzalo  Gonzalez  beheld  him,  he  went  up  to  him,  and  gave  him  such  a  blow  that 
he  laid  him  at  the  feet  of  Kuy  Velasquez.     And  Ruy  Velasquez  in  his  anger  cried  aloud^ 

3    E 


394 

and  called  for  aims  that  he  might  revenge  himself  upon  his  nephew.  And  the  Infantes 
and  Nuiio  Salido  drew  apart,  with  two  hundred  knights  of  their  company,  for  they  well 
perceived  that  Ruy  Velasquez  desired  to  be  revenged  upon  them ;  and  the  others  drew 
up  their  battle,  and  they  did  the  like,  one  against  the  other.  And  Gonzalo  Gonzalez 
said  unto  Ruy  Velasquez,  What  is  this?  why  hast  thou  brought  us  from  our  own  land  to 
go  against  the  Moors,  if  it  be  thy  wish  that  we  should  slay  each  other  here?  And  Ruy 
V  elasquez  saw  that  it  was  not  the  time  to  take  vengeance  as  he  desired,  and  he  said  that 
Oonzalo  Gonzalez  had  spoken  well,  and  that  he  was  well  pleased  with  what  he  had  said,  and 
thus  they  were  all  friends. 

So  when  there  was  love  between  them  again,  they  moved  from  thence,  and  went  to- 
wards Almenar,  and  Ruy  Velasquez  placed  himself  in  ambush  with  all  his  people,  and 
ordered  the  Infantes  to  scour  the  country,  for  he  had  sent  to  the  Moors  to  bid  them  drive 
their  flocks  out  that  day.  And  when  the  Infantes  were  about  to  do  his  bidding,  their 
loster-father  Nuno  said  unto  them.  Do  not  my  sons  go  to  take  the  spoil  yet,  for  if  ye  will 
tarry  awhile,  ye  will  see  many  more  Moors  and  more  flocks.  While  they  were  thus 
talking  they  saw  more  than  ten  thousand  appear  with  their  ensigns  and  pennons.  And 
Gonzalo  Gonzalez  said  to  Ruy  Velasquez,  Don  Rodrigo,  what  are  yonder  banners  which 
rise  up  there  ?  And  Ruy  Velasquez  said.  Fear  not,  for  I  have  scoured  this  country  three 
times  and  borne  away  great  spoil,  and  never  yet  found  Moor  to  hinder  me,  and  those 
IVJoors  when  they  knew  it  came  here  with  their  ensigns  and  standards,  as  you  now  see 
them ;  therefore  I  say  unto  you,  fear  not,  and  scour  the  country  as  far  as  you  will,  for  if 
need  be,  which  I  know  it  will  not,  I  will  succour  ye.  Now  all  these  words  were  full  of 
deceit  and  falsehood  ;  and  when  he  had  said  this,  lie  went  aside,  and  rode  oflP  privily 
to  the  Moors,  and  told  them  to  strive  and  do  battle  with  the  seven  Infantes,  for  there 
were  no  more  than  two  hundred  knights  who  would  help  them,  and  by  all  means  devise 
to  slay  them  all,  so  that  not  one  should  escape  alive.  But  Nuno  Salido  rode  after  Ruy 
Velasquez,  for  he  saw  him  go  to  the  Moors,  and  when  he  heard  this  he  began  to  cry  aloud 
and  say.  Ah  traitor,  how  hast  thou  betrayed  thy  nephews  to  death  !  God  give  thee  an  evil 
guerdon,  for  as  long  as  the  world  shall  last  thy  treason  shall  be  talked  of !  And  when 
lie  had  said  this,  he  rode  back  to  the  Infantes  as  fast  as  he  could,  and  said  to  them. 
To  arms,  my  sons,  for  your  uncle  Ruy  Velasquez  and  the  Moors  are  of  one  consent,  and 
have  taken  counsel  together  to  slay  you.  And  when  the  Infantes  heard  this  they  armed 
themselves  as  fast  as  could. 

And  the  Moors  being  many  more  in  number,  made  fifteen  battalions,  and  went  against 
the  Infantes  and  hemmed  them  round  about.  And  then  Nuiio  Salido  began  to  hearten 
them,  saying.  Take  courage  my  sons  and  fear  not,  for  the  omens  which  I  said  were  evil, 
are  not  so;  they  will  prove  good  ones  :  and  they  gave  us  to  know  that  we  should  get  the 
victory,  and  win  something  from  our  enemies,  I  will  go  smite  that  foremost  body,  and 
from  henceforth,  I  commend  you  to  God.     And  with  that  he  went  against  the  Moors 


395 

and  slew  many  of  them  ;  but  es  tliey  were  many  iti  number,  t'ncy  c.-ime  upon  him,  and 
hemmed  him  in  on  all  sides,  and  slew  him  there.  And  there  they  joined  battle  one  with 
the  other,  and  there  the  Christians  fought  with  such  good  heart,  that  they  slew  many 
more  than  they  were  themselves  ;  but  all  the  two  hundred  knights  of  the  Infantes  were 
slain,  so  that  none  were  left  alive,  save  only  the  seven  brethren,  with  none  to  help  them. 
And  when  they  saw  that  there  was  no  remedy  but  to  conquer  or  die,  they  commended 
themselves  to  God,  and  called  upon  the  Apostle  Santiago,  and  attacked  the  Moors,  and 
so  bravely  they  attacked  them,  and  slew  so  many,  that  there  was  not  a  Moor  who 
dared  stand  before  them  ;  nevertiieless  the  Moors  were  so  many,  and  they  so  few,  that 
they  could  no  longer  withstand  them.  And  Ferran  Gonzalez  said  then  to  his  brethren, 
Let  us  take  courage  and  fight  with  a  good  heart,  for  we  have  none  but  God  to  help  us,  and 
since  we  have  lost  our  foster-father  Nuilo  Salido  and  our  knights,  it  behoves  us  to  revenge 
them  here,  or  die  with  them  ;  and  if  we  should  be  wearied,  let  us  get  upon  the  point 
of  this  sierra,  and  take  breath.  With  that  they  fell  upon  the  Moors  again,  and  fought 
so  bravely  that  they  slew  many,  but  at  last  Ferran  Gonzalez  was  slain.  And  the  Infantes 
feeling  themselves  weary,  strove  to  make  way  through  the  Moors,  and  they  got  to  the 
point  which  they  had  spoken  of.  And  then  they  cleaned  away  the  dust  from  their 
faces;  and  when  they  could  not  see  their  brother  Ferran  Gonzalez  they  had  great  sorrow, 
for  they  well  knew  that  he  was  either  slain,  or  taken. 

Then  the  Infantes  accorded,  that  they  would  ask  a  truce  of  Viara  and  Galve,  till  they 
could  let  their  uncle  Ruy  Velasquez  know  in  what  stead  they  were,  if  he  would  succour 
them  or  not.  And  they  did  thus.  And  the  Moors  willingly  granted  it,  and  then  they 
sent  Diego  Gonzalez  to  Ruy  Velasquez.  And  Diego  Velasquez  said  unto  him  what  he 
was  charged  to  say ;  and  when  Ruy  Velasquez  had  heard  him  he  made  answer,  I  know- 
not  what  thou  sayest.  Then  Diego  Gonzalez  said  unto  him  again.  Let  it  be  your  plea- 
sure to  help  us,  for  the  JNIoors  have  slain  your  nephew  Ferran  Gonzalez,  and  our  two 
hundred  knights  ;  . .  and  if  you  would  not  do  it  for  our  sakes,  do  it  for  God's  sake,  and 
because  we  are  Christians,  and  countrymen  of  Castille.  But  Ruy  Velasquez  made  answer. 
Friend,  go  thy  way,  and  good  luck  with  thee;.  .  ihinkesl  thou  that  I  have  forgotten  the 
shame  which  ye  did  me  at  Burgos,  at  my  marriage,  when  ye  slew  Alvar  Sanchez  ;  and 
what  ye  did  to  my  wife  Dona  Lambra,  when  ye  slew  the  man  before  her  ;  and  the  kni"-ht 
whom  ye  slew  at  Febros  ?  be  good  knights  and  think  of  defending  yourselves  how  ye  can, 
for  in  me  ye  are  to  have  no  trust.  When  Diego  Gonzalez  saw  this  he  departed,  and  went 
to  his  brethren  and  told  them  all  that  their  uncle  had  said. 

Now  while  they  were  in  this  tribulation,  seeing  themselves  alone  and  without  help, 
God  put  it  in  the  heart  of  some  of  those  Christians  who  were  with  Ruy  Velasquez,  to 
go  and  succour  them.  And  about  a  thousand  knights  went  out  from  his  company  to  help 
them;  and  when  this  was  told  to  him  he  went  after  them,  and  made  them  turn  back, 
saying,  Friends,  suffer  ye  ray  nephews  to  display  themselves  in  buttle,  for  I  should  go  to 


396 


succour  them  if  need  were.  And  with  that  ihey  drew  back,  greatly  against  their  will,  for 
they  well  saw  that  there  was  treason  in  this  matter.  But  wlien  they  were  come  back 
to  their  post,  they  went  out  by  threes  aind  by  fours,  privily.  Full  three  hundred  knights 
were  they  who  thus  gathered  together  in  one  place,  and  they  made  a  vow  that  he 
should  be  held  for  a  traitor,  who  did  not  go  and  stand  by  the  Infantes  for  life  or 
for  death  ;  and  that  if  peradventure  Ruy  Velasquez  should  again  attempt  to  turn  them 
back,  they  would  slay  him  without  dela>'.  Incontinently  when  they  had  done  this,  they 
pricked  forward  as  fast  as  they  could.  And  the  Infantes,  when  they  saw  them  coming 
towards  them,  thought  that  Kny  Velasquez  came  to  slay  them:  but  the  knights,  when 
they  drew  nigh,  cried  aloud  and  said.  Infantes,  fear  not,  for  we  come  to  succour  you, 
and  to  live  or  die  with  you  ;  for  it  is  plain  that  your  uncle  Ruy  Velasquez  is  greatly  desi- 
rous of  your  death.  And  if  peradventure  we  should  escape  from  hence  alive,  we  beseech 
you  plight  your  faith  to  us  that  you  will  defend  us  against  him  ;  . .  and  the  Infantes  pro- 
mised them  this  which  they  desired.  And  when  they  had  done  this  they  went  against 
the  Moors,  and  then  began  between  them  so  fierce,  and  so  grievous,  and  so  desperate, 
and  so  cruel  a  battle,  that  never  man  heard  tell  of  a  greater,  the  Christians  being  so  few: 
and  so  great  was  the  mortality  which  they  made  among  the  Moors  before  any  one  of  them 
died,  that  more  than  two  thousand  Moors  were  destroyed,  as  the  history  relateth.  How- 
beit,  at  the  end  these  three  hundred  who  came  to  help  the  Infantes  were  slain.  And  the 
Infantes  were  now  so  over-worn  with  fighting,  that  they  could  not  command' their  arms  to 
strike  with  the  sword.  And  when  Viara  and  Galve  saw  them  thus  wearied  they  had 
compassion  upon  them,  and  went  to  them  to  take  them  out  of  the  press,  and  took  them 
to  their  tents,  and  had  them  disarmed,  and  ordered  bread  and  wine  to  be  given  them. 

But  when  Ruy  Velasquez  knew  this  he  went  to  Viara  and  Galve,  and  told  them  that 
they  did  ill  in  leaving  such  men  as  those  alive,  and  that  they  would  fare  ill  in  so  doing; 
for  if  they  escaped  he  could  not  return  again  to  Castille  ;  and  that  he  would  go  forthwith 
to  Cordova,  and  there  cause  them  to  be  put  to  death  for  what  they  had  done  :  and  the 
Moors  when  they  heard  this  were  full  sorrowful.  And  Gonzalo  Gonzalez  said,  False 
traitor,  thou  broughtest  us  here  to  bring  down  the  enemies  of  the  faith,  and  now  thou 
tellest  them  to  slay  us  ;  but  may  God  never  forgive  thee  for  this  thing  which  thou  hast  done 
against  us  !  And  Viara  and  Galve  said  then  to  the  Infantes,  We  know  not  what  to  do  ia 
this  matter ;  for  if  Ruy  Velasquez  your  uncle  should  go  to  Cordova  as  he  says,  and  turn 
Moor  there,  and  Almanzor  give  him  all  his  power,  he  would  do  us  great  evil  for  this. 
And  since  it  is  so  we  must  place  you  again  in  the  field  from  which  we  took  you,  for  yoU 
plainly  see  that  we  can  do  no  otherwise.  And  they  did  accordingly.  And  the  Moors, 
when  they  saw  the  Infantes  in  the  field,  beat  their  tambours,  and  came  at  them  as  thick 
as  the  rain  when  it  falls,  and  they  began  a  crueller  battle  than  any  of  the  former, . .  but 
though  all  the  six  Infantes  stood  by  each  other  like  one  man,  and  fought  right  well  and 
courageously,  yet  the  Moors  were  so  many  that  they  could  not  bear  up  against  them,  and 


397 

they  were  so  wearied  v\iih  fighting  that  they  could  not  stir  from  the  place,  nor  their  horses 
with  them  :  and  even  if  they  would  have  fought,  they  had  neither  swords  nor  other  arms, 
for  all  were  broken  and  lost.  And  the  Moors,  when  they  saw  them  without  arms,  slew 
their  horses,  and  took  them;  and  stript  off  their  armour,  and  struck  olT  their  heads  one 
by  one,  in  order  according  to  their  birth,  before  the  eyes  of  their  uncle  Ruy  Velasquez. 
But  when  Gonzalo  Gonzalez,  who  was  the  younger  of  them  all,  saw  all  his  brethren  lying 
headless  before  him,  he  took  heart  with  the  grief  which  he  resented,  and  went  against 
the  Moor  who  had  beheaded  them,  and  gave  him  so  great  a  blow  in  the  throat  that  he 
laid  him  dead  upon  the  ground,  and  caught  up  the  sword  which  he  had  used,  and 
slew  therewith  more  than  twenty  Moors  who  were  round  about  him,  as  the  history 
relateth.  Nevertlieless  the  Moors  took  him,  and  smote  off  his  head  thereright.  And  when 
they  were  all  slain  as  you  have  heard,  lluv  Velasquez  dispeeded  himself  from  the  Moors, 
•and  returned  home.  And  the  Moors  took  the  heads  of  the  seven  Infantes,  and  of  Nuuo 
Salido  their  foster  father,  and  went  with  them  to  Cordova. 

When  Viara  and  Galve  reached  Cordova,  they  went  to  Ahnanzor,  and  presented  unto 
him  the  heads  of  the  seven  Infantes,  and  of  Nuiio  Salido.  And  Ahnanzor,  when  he  saw 
them,  made  semblance  as  if  he  were  greatly  grieved  that  they  had  slain  them  thus,  and 
gave  order  that  the  blood  with  whicii  they  were  smeared  should  be  washed  off  with 
wine.  And  after  they  had  been  washed,  he  had  a  white  sheet  spread  in  the  palace,  and 
the  heads  were  placed  thereon,  in  order,  according  to  the  order  of  their  birth,  and  that 
of  Nufio  Salido  apart  from  them,  at  the  end.  And  Almanzor  went  to  the  prison  where 
Gonzalo  Gustios,  the' father  of  the  Infantes,  lay  prisoner,  and  he  said  unto  him,  How  fares 
it  with  thee,  Gonzalo  Gustios?  And  he  made  answer  and  said.  Even  Sir  as  it  pleaselh  you; 
and  glad  am  I  that  you  come  here,  for  I  well  know  that  this  day  you  will  show  me 
favour,  and  order  me  to  be  taken  out  from  hence,  seeing  3-ou  have  come  to  see  me ; 
for  this  is  your  custom,  that  wh.en  the  Lord  goeth  to  visit  his  prisoner,  incontinently  he 
giveth  command  that  he  should  be  set  free.  And  Almanzor  said  unto  him,  I  sent  my 
host  into  the  land  of  Castille,  and  they  did  their  battle  with  the  Chrisiians  in  the  plain 
of  Almenar,  and  the  Christians  were  vanquished  :  and  they  have  brought  me  here  eight 
heads,  the  seven  are  young,  and  the  other  is  of  an  old  man ;  and  I  will  take  thee  out  that 
thou  mayest  see  if  thou  knowest  them,  for  my  Adalides  say  that  they  were  natives  of  the 
straits  of  Lara.  Gonzalo  Gustios  answered,  "When  I  see  them,  I  will  tell  thee  who  they 
are,  or  of  what  place,  or  of  what  lineage,  for  verily  there  is  not  a  knight  in  all  Castille  but 
is  known  to  me.  And  Almanzor  gave  order  that  he  should  be  taken  out,  and  went  with 
him  to  the  place  where  the  heads  were  laid.  And  when  Gonzalo  Gustios  saw  them  and 
knew  them,  so  exceeding  great  was  his  sorrow  that  he  fell  upon  the  ground  like  a 
dead  man,  and  they  thought  that  he  had  past  away  from  this  life;  and  he  lay  thus  a 
long  while,  and  when  he  came  to  himself,  he  began  to  lament  so  bitterly  that  it  was 
marvellous  to  hear  him.     And  he  said  to  Almanzor,  I  know  these  heads  full  well,  for 


398 

tliey  are  my  children's,  the  seven  Infantes  of  Salas,  and  this  other  one  is  Nunc  Sali- 
do's,  who  fostered  them.  And  when  he  had  said,  he  began  again  to  make  his  lamen- 
tation full  dolorously,  so  that  there  was  not  a  man  who  could  have  seen  him  without 
great  compassion,  or  have  stood  by  and  borne  it  without  weeping.  And  he  took  up  the 
heads  one  by  one,  and  talked  to  them,  recounting  to  each  the  good  feats  which  he  had 
atchieved.  And  in  his  strong  agony,  he  took  up  a  sword  which  he  saw  in  the  hall,  and 
slew  with  it  seven  guards  there  right  before  Ahnanzor  ;  and  the  Moors  closed  in  with  him, 
so  that  he  could  do  no  more,  and  then  he  earnestly  prayed  Almanzor  to  put  him  to 
death,  for  he  would  liever  die  than  live :  but  Almanzor,  for  the  pity  which  he  resented 
for  him,  commanded  them  to  do  him  no  hurt. 

Now  when  Gonzalo  Gustios  was  in  this  great  sorrow,  and  lamenting  as  ye  have 
heard,  liie  Moorish  woman  who  guarded  him,  as  ye  have  been  told,  came  in,  and  said  unto 
him,  Take  heart.  Sir  Don  Gonzalo,  and  cease  to  lament;  I  had  thirteen  sons,  all  of  them  good 
knio^hts,  and  such  was  my  fortune  and  theirs,  that  all  thirteen  were  slain  from  me  in  battle 
in  one  day  ;  howbcit  I  did  not  fail  to  take  comfort;  ..how  much  more  then  should  you 
who  are  a  knight?  for  it  is  not  by  lamenting  all  your  life  long  that  you  could  recover  your 
sons,  and  what  doth  it  profit  you  to  destroy  yourself.?  And  Almanzor  said,  God  knows, 
Gonzalo  Gustios,  that  I  haye  great  ruth  for  this  evil  and  breaking-down  which  hath  come 
upon  thee,  and  I  will  release  thee  from  prison,  and  give  thee  all  of  which  thou  hast  need, 
and  also  the  heads  of  thy  children.  Go  thy  way  to  thine  own  country,  and  to  thy  wife 
Doiia  Sancha,  for  it  is  long  since  she  hath  seen  thee.  Then  Gonzalo  Gustios  answered, 
God  requite  thee  for  the  goodness  which  thou  showest  me,  and  peradventure  the  time 
may  come  when  I  shall  do  you  service  in  return.  .  .And  the  Moorish  woman  who  had 
guarded  him,  took  him  apart  and  said.  Sir  Don  Gonzalo,  I  am  great  with  child  by  you  ; 
tell  me  therefore  what  I  shall  do.  And  he  made  answer.  If  it  shall  be  a  boy,  give  him 
two  nurses  who  will  breed  him  up  right  well ;  and  when  he  is  of  age  to  know  good  and  evil, 
tell  him  he  is  my  son,  and  send  him  to  me  at  Salas.  And  when  he  had  said  this,  he 
took  a  ring  from  his  finger,  and  brake  it  in  half,  and  gave  her  the  one  half,  saying,  Keep 
you  this  half  ring  for  a  token  ;  and  when  the  boy  is  grown  up,  give  it  him  that  he  may  bring 
it  unto  me,  and  thereby  I  shall  know  him.  And  when  Don  Gonzalo  had  done  this,  he 
dispeeded  himself  from  Almanzor  and  the  other  chiefs,  and  went  to  Salas. 

Not  many  days  after  his  departure  the  Moorish  woman  brought  forth  a  son,  and 
Almanzor  appointed  two  nurses  who  should  breed  him  up,  and  they  named  him  Mudarra 
Gonzalez.  And  when  he  grew  to  be  ten  years  of  age,  Almanzor  made  him  a  knight,  for  he 
loved  him  well;  for  it  is  said  that  the  Moor  whose  son  he  was,  was  Ahnanzor's  sister: 
and  moreover  he  loved  him  because  he  saw  that  he  proved  good,  and  was  of  good  under- 
standing, and  good  customs,  and  right  hardy  in  alt  things  that  beseemed  his  years. 
And  on  the  day  that  Almanzor  made  him  a  knight,  he  knighted  two  hundred  others,  who 
were   all  kinsmen  of  Mudarra  Gonzalez,  on  the  side  of  his  mother,  according  to   the 


399 

law  of  the  Moors ;  and  he  gave  them  to  hiiiij  that  they  should  be  his,  and  guard  him, 
and  serve  him  as  their  Lord.  And  this  Mudarra  Gonzalez  turned  out  afterwards  so  good 
a  knight  and  so  brave,  that  save  only  Ahnanzor,  there  was  not  a  better,  nor  such  a  one 
among  all  the  Moors.  And  he  knew  that  his  father  was  a  Christian,  and  how  he  had 
been  made  prisoner,  and  suffered  great  misery  in  his  prison,  and  how  his  brethren  had  been 
slain  by  treason,  for  his  mother  told  him  all,  and  she  gave  him  the  half  ring  which  his 
father  had  left  to  be  a  token.  And  then  he  said  to  all  his  company,  Friends,  ye  know  what 
great  misery  my  father  Gonzalo  Guslios  suifered  wrongfully,  not  having  deserved  it, 
and  how  the  seven  Infantes  uiy  brethren  were  slain  ;  and  1  say  unto  you  that  I  hold 
it  good  to  go  into  the  land  of  the  Christians,  and  revenge  them  if  I  can.  Tell  me  therefore 
what  ye  think  good.  And  they  answered  after  this  manner.  Know  that  whatsoever 
seemeth  good  unto  you  we  heartily  approve  thereof;  for  we  are  all  yours,  and  bound  to 
defend  you  as  our  Lord,  and  to  serve  you  and  do  your  bidding.  And  when  he  heard 
them  say  this,  he  went  to  his  mother,  and  told  her  he  would  go  seek  his  father,  and 
learn  whether  he  were  dead  or  living.  And  when  he  had  said  this,  and  taken  leave  of 
her,  he  went  to  Almanzor,  and  besought  him  that  he  would  let  him  go  into  Castille  ;  and 
Almanzor  held  it  good  :  and  he  tool,  his  leave  and  went  his  way  with  a  great  company 
which  Almanzor  had  given  him,  and  with  great  treasures,  and  he  entered  Castille.  And 
when  he  came  to  Salas  he  asked  if  Don  Gonzalo  were  there.  And  Gonzalo  Gustios, 
when  he  saw  this  great  chilvalry,  enquired  what  company  it  was.  And  Mudarra  Gonzalez 
made  answer,  Don  Gonzalo,  I  am  your  son  who  was  born  in  Cordova;  and  that  you  may 
know  it  is  so,  lo  here  is  the  half-ring  which  you  gave  unto  my  mother.  And  when 
Don  Gonzalo  saw  the  token  and  knew  that  this  was  his  son,  his  heart  rejoiced  and  he  was 
glad. 

After  some  days  Mudarra  Gonzalez  said  to  his  father,  I  came  here  to  learn  tidings  of 
you,  in  what  state  you  were  ;  and  also  to  take  vengeance  for  the  death  of  the  Infantes 
my  brethren,  and  your  sons,  ^^ow  there  is  no  reason  why  this  matter  should  be  delayed. 
Then  Don  Gonzalo  took  horse,  and  Mudarra  also,  and  they  who  came  with  him  and  were 
his  vassals,  and  they  rode  to  Burgos  where  Count  Don  Garci  Ferrandez  then  was,  and 
Ruy  Velasquez  with  him.  And  Mudarra,  as  soon  as  he  saw  Ruy  Velasquez,  defied  him 
before  the  Count.  And  Ruy  Velasquez  said  that  be  set  his  defiance  at  naught ;  and 
Mudarra  Gonzalez  was  in  great  wrath,  and  went  towards  him  to  give  it  him  with  the 
sword :  but  Count  Don  Garci  Ferrandez  took  him  by  the  hand,  and  would  not  suffer 
him  to  do  this.  And  he  made  them  agree  to  a  truce  for  three  days,  for  he  could  not 
delay  the  time  longer,  and  then  they  all  dispeeded  themselves  from  the  Count,  and  went 
their  way.  Howbeit  Ruy  Velasquez  did  not  go  that  day,  but  remained  at  Burgos  ;  and 
on  the  morrow  he  set  out  and  went  towards  Barvadiello  ;  and  he  did  not  go  by  day,  but 
waited  for  the  night.  And  Mudarra  Gonzalez  had  taken  possession  of  the  road  ;  and  on 
the  following  day  Ruy  Velasquez  came  early  in  the  morning  to  the  place  where  Mudarra 


400 

lay  in  wait;  and  Mudarra cried  aloud.  Liar  and  traitor,  thou  slialt  die!  and  as  he  said 
this  he  ran  at  him,  and  gave  him  such  a  bloM'  with  tlie  sword  that  he  fell  dead  upon  the 
ground,  and  thirty  knights  who  were  his  vassals  were  slain  with  him.  And  in  process  of 
time,  when  Count  Don  Garci  Ferrandez  was  dead,  Mudarra  Gonzalez  took  Doiia 
Lambra,  and  had  her  burnt  alive  :  for  in  the  days  of  the  Count  he  could  not  do  this, 
because  she  was  his  kinswoman.  Now  you  are  to  know,  ye  who  hear  this  liistory,  that 
when  this  Mudarra  Gonzalez  came  from  Cordova  to  Salas,  his  father  made  him  a  Christian, 
and  had  him  baptized,  for  till  then  he  was  a  Moor.  And  he  was  a  right  good  knight  and  a 
strong,  as  long  as  lie  lived  ;  and  Dona  Sancha  alway  loved  him  well,  because  in  all  his 
deeds  he  was  greatly  like  Gonzalo  Gonzalez  lier  youngest  son,  and  also  in  his  lineaments*. 
And  she  adopted  him  to  be  her  son  ;  and  the  manner  of  adopting  him  was  this,  according' 
to  the  custom  of  those  times.  On  the  day  when  he  vyas  baptized.  Count  Garci  Ferrandez 
knighted  him,  and  Dona  Sancha  had  put  on  over  her  apparel  a  garment  in  the  fashion  of 
a  smock,  which  was  made  exceeding  wide,  and  she  took  her  step-son  by  the  hand,  and 
put  him  in  at  the  sleeve  t  of  that  wide  garment,  and  took  him  out  at  the  collar,  and  kissed 
his  cheek  ;  and  with  that  he  was  held  to  be  her  son,  and  heir  to  the  lordship  of  Salas,  and 
to  all  that  she  bad." 

This  ceremony  of  adoption  must  have  been  Moorish,  for  Pietro  della  Valle  describes 
it  as  the  custom  of  the  Persians.  It  is  curious,  as  lie  remarks,  that  Juno  in  Diodorus 
Sicukis,  adopts  Hercules  in  the  same  manner.  The  custom  has  left  behind  it  a  proverb 
in  Spain  . . .  Mctedlo  por  la  manga,  y  salirseos  ha  por  el  cahezon.  It  is  equivalent  to  our 
Give  him  ait  inch  and  he'll  take  an  ell. 

Luis  de  Salazar,  in  his  great  Historia  Genealagica  dc  la  Casa  de  Lara,  discredits  that 
part  of  the  story  which  relates  to  Mudarra,  but  admits  that  the  Infantes  were  thus  betrayed 
to  death.  Ferreras  rejects  the  v.hole,  and  somewhat  unfairly  refers  to  Salazar  as  if  he  did 
the  same.  He  has  overlooked  a  decisive  proof  of  the  main  fact  which  incidentally  occurs 
in  Yepes.  The  tomb  of  the  Infantes  is  shown  at  two  places, . .  at  S.  Millan  de  la  Cogolla, 
and  at  S.  Pedro  de  Arlanza, .  .  two  of  the  most  celebrated  Monasteries  in  Spain.  Morales 
thought  the  former  the  most  probable  place  for  their  interment.  In  the  year  l603,. 
the  Abbct  of  S.  Millan  had  the  grave  opened,  in  the  presence  of  a  public  notary  and 


*  What  follows  is  added  by  Moralss,  L.  IJ.  C.  '20,  from  an  old  manuscript  of  the  C/iroii.  Gen. 
Unluckily  he  has  very  much  abridged  what,  as  he  tells  us,  is  related  in  the  original  with  great  minute- 
ness. 

■\  The  deepe  smocke  sleive,  which  the  Irish  women  use,  they  say,  was  old  Spanish,  and  is  used 
yet  in  Barbary  :  and  }et  that  should  seeme  rather  to  be  an  old  English  fashion  ;  for  in  armory  the 
fashion  of  the  Miiiic/ie,  which  is  given  in  amies  by  many,  being  indeed  nothing  else  but  a  sleive,  is 
fashioned  much  like  to  tliat  sleive.      SjKitscr's  View  of  tk  Stutc  of  Ireland, 


401 

other  witnesses,  and  seven  bodies  were  found  there,  without  heads.     In  1^97,  seven  heads 
without  bodies  had  been  found  in  the  parochial  church  of  Salas. 

Cor.  Gen.  de  S.  Beitilo.  T.  \.ff.  27G. 

When  Morales  hved  there  was  a  house  at  Cordova  called  Casa  dc  las  Cabezas, 
because  two  chests  were  preserved  there,  on  which,  according  to  tradition,  the  heads  of 
the  Infantes  had  been  laid.  He  remembered  also  in  his  youth  an  old  and  fine  Moorish 
building,  which  was  shown  as  the  prison  of  Gonzalo  Gustios. 

A  series  of  prints  representing  the  whole  history  of  the  Infantes  of  Lara,  with 
allegorical  machinery,  is  in  the  very  curious  collection  of  the  Rev.  Henry  White  of 
Lichfield.  The  subject  of  each  print  is  briefly  explained  under  it,  in  Span  sh  and  Latin. 
There  is  no  title  or  date  to  the  book,  but  the  engravings  bear  the  name  of  Dancker 
Danckertze. 

The  four  first  Ballads  in  Escobar's  Collection.  P.  4. 
(10.)  These  four  Ballads  appear  to  me  not  to  be  much  older  than  the  beoinnino  of 
the  17th  century.  They  are  not  in  Sepulveda's  collection  ;  they  abound  with  tricks 
of  composition,  and  give  to  Rodrigo  that  blustering  and  bullying  sort  of  character 
which  seems  to  prove  that  when  they  were  written  the  gnnpo,  or  ruffian,  was  the  favourite 
hero  of  the  popular  songs  of  Spain.  The  author,  whoever  he  was,  was  not  well  versed  in 
the  history  of  the  Cid,  for  he  gives  him  two  elder  brethren,  in  direct  contradiction  to 
the  Chronicle,  which  mentioning  his  bastard  brother  Ferrando  Diaz,  adds,  e  nunca  el  ovo 
vtro  hermano  /tin  hermana. 

Some  lines  are  in  so  much  better  a  tone  both  of  feeling  and  expression,  that  they 
seem  to  be  fragments  of  older  poems.     Such  is  the  description  of  Diego  in  his  retreat. 

Non  puede  dormir  de  noche, 

nil)  gustar  de  las  viandas, 

ni  alzar  del  suelo  los  ojos, 

nin  osa  salir  de  casa, 

Nin  fablar  con  sus  amisos. 

antes  les  niega  la  fabla, 

temiendo  que  les  ofenda 

el  aliento  de  su  infamia.    ' 

That  part  also  of  Rodrigo's  speech  upon  his  return,  which  is  woven  into  the  text, 
Veys  aqui  la  yerva  mala 
para  que  vos  comays  buena, 

que  ay  manos  que  no  son  manos, 
y  esta  leugua  ya  no  cs  lengua. 
3   F 


402 

The  Romancero  General  has  another  Ballad  upon  the  same  subject,  which  is  not  in 
Escobar's  collection. 

Consolando  al  noble  viejo 
Esta  el  valiente  Rodrigo,  &c. 

j:  358. 

The  box  on  the  ear  has  terribly  perplexed  the  French  actors.  Voltaire  remarks 
upon  it,  On  ne  donnerait  pas  aujourd' linl.  uii  soiiflet  sur  la  joue  d'lin  heros.  Les  acteurs 
memes  soiit  ties  ciiibarrasse  a  doiiner  ce  soitflet ;  Us  font  le  semblant.  Celu  7i  est  plus  mime 
soufert  dans  la  comedie ;  et  c'est  le  seal  exemple  qu'un  en  ait  sur  la  theatre  tragique.  II  est  a 
eroire  que  c'est  une  des  raisons  quijrrent  intituler  le  Cid  tragi-comedie. 

Hidalgos.     P.  5. 

(11.)  This  title  is  well  explained  by  Huarte,  . .  I  transcribe  from  the  old  translation. 

To  the  bent  of  this  purpose,  though  we  shall  thereby  somewhat  lengthen  our  matter, 
I  cannot  but  recount  a  discourse  which  passed  between  our  Lord  the  Prince  Don  Carlos, 
and  the  Doctor  Suares  of  Toledo,  who  was  Judge  of  the  Court  in  Aicala  de  Henares. 
P.  Doctor,  what  think  you  of  tiiis  place  ?  D.  Very  well,  my  Lord,  for  here  is  the  best 
air  and  the  best  soil  of  any  place  in  Spain.  P.  Tor  such  the  Physicians  made  choice  of 
it  to  recover  my  healtli  :  ..  have  you  seen  the  University?  D.  No,  my  Lord.  P.  See  it 
then,  for  it  is  very  special,  and  where  they  tell  me  the  sciences  are  very  learnedly  read. 
D.  Verily  for  a  college  it  carrieth  great  fame,  and  should  be  such  in  effect  as  your  high- 
ness speaketh  of.  P.  Where  did  you  study?  D.  In  Salamanca,  my  Lord.  P.  And 
did  you  proceed  Doctor  in  Salamanca  r  D.  My  Lord,  no.  P.  That  meseemeth  was  ill 
done,  to  study  in  one  University  and  take  degree  in  another.  D.  May  it  please  your 
highness,  the  charges  of  taking  degrees  in  Salamanca  are  excessive,  and  therefore  we 
poor  men  fly  the  same,  and  get  us  to  some  other  University,  knowing  that  we  receive 
our  sufficiency  and  learning,  not  from  the  degree,  but  from  our  study  and  pains :  albeit 
my  parents  were  not  so  poor  but  if  them  listed  might  h.ive  borne  the  charge  of  pro- 
ceeding in  Salamanca ;  butyour  highness  well  knoweth  that  the  Doctors  of  this  LTniversity 
have  the  like  franchises  as  the  hidalgos  of  Spain,  and  to  us,  who  are  such  by  nature,  this 
exemption  doth  harm,  at  least  to  our  posterity.  P.  Which  of  the  Kings  mine  ancestors 
gave  this  nobility  to  your  lineage  ?  D.  None.  And  to  this  end  your  highness  must 
understand  there  are  two  sorts  of  hidagos  in  Spain,  some  of  blood,  and  some  by  privi- 
lege ;  those  in  blood,  as  myself,  have  not  received  their  nobility  at  the  King's  hand,  but 
those  by  privilege  have.  P.  This  matter  is  very  hard  for  me  to  conceive,  and  I  would 
gladly  that  you  expressed  it  in  plainer  terms;  for  my  blood  royal,  reckoning  from  my- 
self to  my  father,  and  from  him  to  my  grandfather,  and  so  by  order  from  each  to  other, 
cometh  to  finish  in  Pelayo,  to  whom  by  the  death  of  the  King  Don  Rodrigo  the  kingdom 


403 

was  given,  before  which  time  lie  was  not  King.  If  we  reckon  up  after  this  sort  your 
pedigree,  shall  we  not  come  at  last  to  end  in  one  who  was  no  hidalgo?  D.  This  dis- 
course cannot  be  denied,  for  all  things  have  had  a  beginning.  P.  I  ask  you  then,  fioni 
whence  that  first  man  had  his  nobility  who  gave  beginning  to  your  nobility  ?  he  could 
not  enfranchise  himself  nor  pluck  out  his  own  neck  from  the  yoke  t)f  tributes  and  services 
which  before- time  he  paid  to  the  Kings  my  predecessors  ;  for  tliis  were  a  kind  of  theft,  and 
a  preferring  himself  by  force  with  the  King's  patrimony  ;  and  it  souiideth  not  with  reason 
that  gentlemen  of  blood  should  have  so  bad  an  original  as  this  ;  therefore  it  falleth  out 
plain,  that  the  King  gave  him  freedom  and  yielded  him  the  grace  of  that  nobility. 
D.  Your  highness  concludeth  very  well,  and  it  is  true  that  tiiere  is  no  true  nobility  save 
of  the  King's  grant ;  but  we  term  those  noble  of  blood  of  whose  original  ihere  is  no  memory, 
neither  is  it  specified  in  writing  when  the  same  began,  nor  wliiit  King  yielded  them 
this  favour;  and  this  obsciirencss  is  received  in  the  coinmonueaidi  for  more  honourable 
than-  distinctly  to  know  the  contrary.  The  commonwealth  also  inaketh  gentlemen  ;  for 
when  a  man  groweth  valorous,  of  great  virtue,  and  rich,  it  dareth  not  to  chalicnge  such 
a  one,  as  seeming  thereby  to  do  him  wrong,  and  thai  it  is  fit  a  man  of  tiiat  worth 
do  live  in  all  franchise.  This  reputation  passing  to  the  children  and  to  the  grandchil- 
dren, groweth  to  nobility,  and  so  they  get  a  pretence  against  the  King.  These  are  not 
therefore  gentlemen  because  they  receive  five  hundred  su/cli  of  pay  ;  but  \\hen  the  con- 
trary cannot  be  proved,  they  pass  for  such. 

That  Spaniartl  who  devised  this  name  of  a  gentleman  hijodalgo,  gave  very  well  to  under- 
stand this  doctrine ;  for  by  his  opinion  men  have  two  kinds  of  birth,  the  one  natural,  in  which 
all  are  equal,  the  other  spiritual.  When  a  man  performeth  any  heroical  enterprise,  or  any 
virtue  or  extraordinary  work,  then  is  he  newborn,  and  procureth  for  himself  other  new 
parents,  and  loseth  that  being  which  he  had  tofore.  "Yesterday  he  was  called  the  son 
of  Pedro  and  grandson  of  Sancho,  anrl  now  he  is  named  the  son  of  his  own  actions. 
Hence  had  that  Casiilian  proverb  its  original  which  saith.  Every  man  is  the  son  of  his 
own  works.  And  because  good  and  virtuous  works  are  in  the  holy  Scripture  termed 
somewhat,  which  rt/go  signifieth  in  the  Spanish  tongue,  this  Spaniard  compounded  this 
word  /iljo(ia/g(i  thereof,  which  importeth  nought  else  but  that  such  a  one  is  descended 
of  him  who  performed  some  notorious  and  virtuous  action,  for  which  he  deserved  to  be 
rewarded  by  the  King  or  Commonwealth,  together  with  all  his  posterity  for  ever.  The 
law  of  the  Partida  saith  that  hijodalgo  signifyeth  the  son  of  goods  ;  but  if  we  understand 
the  same  of  temporal  goods,  the  reason  was  not  good,  for  there  are  infinite  hidalgos  poor, 
and  infinite  rich  men  who  are  no  hidalgos.  But  if  it  mean  the  son  of  goods,  that  is  to 
say,  of  good  qualities,  itcarrieth  the  same  sense  which  we  before  expressed.        Iluarte. 

The  degrees  of  rank  in  Catalonia  were  settled  by  the  Usatges,  or  Usages  which  Count 
Ramon  Berenguer  and  his  wife  Almodis  enacted  in  10G8.  The  fullest  account  is  thus 
given  by  PereTomich. 


404 

Lo  dit  egregi  Baro  en  Ramoa  Bcienguer,  Comte  de  Barcelona,  e  la  priidentlssima 
Comtesa  Almodis  muller  sua,  ordenaren  e  feren  los  dits  usatges,  segons  en  aquclls  mes 
larganient  es  contengut,  e  ab  los  dits  usatges  lo  dit  virtues  Baro  agradua  totes  les  gents 
de  son  Couitat  e  principat.  E  primerament  lo  dit  Comte  agradua  los  Comtes,  dient  los 
potestats  sobre  los  Vescomtes,  nobles  Vervessors  qui  son  en  grau  sobira  apres  los  Comtes 
a  potestats  dessus  dits,  exceptat  sobre  los  nou  Barons,  los  quals  lo  dit  Comte  mete 
en  grau  de  dits  Comtes;  appellant  los  Comdors,  quasi  volent  dir,  que  en  les  senyorics 
e  Baronies  que  ells  havien  sobre  lurs  vassals,  eran  axi  com  los  Comtes,  qui  son  dits 
potestats  en  lurs  Comtats,  e  havien  axi  la  senyoria  sobre  tots  qui  eran  poblats  en  los 
ComtatS  ;  e  perco  foren  axi  appellats  e  intitulats  per  lo  dit  virtues  Baro  tots  los  dessus 
dits.  Encara  feu  diferencia  en  los  cavaliers  ;  car  en  aquell  temps  tots  los  qui  anaven 
a  cavall  e  armats  eran  dits  Cavaliers;  e  ell  dix  los  miles  vero,  qui  vol  dir,  que  tot 
Cavalier  que  tingua  lo  orde  de  cavalleria  era  cavalier,  e  lo  iorn  que  prenia  lorde  liavia 
a  ter  un  horn  generos  qui  lingues  en  feu  per  ell,  e  havien  a  tenir  un  altre,  qui  tostcmps 
estigues  ab  ell,  portant  li  son  scut  e  la  lan^a  ;  e  lo  altre  home  generos  se  deya  companyo 
del  Cavalier,  e  aquest  se  deya  scuder.  Los  tals  eran  dits  homens  generosos,  qui  seguien 
lart  de  cavalleria;  e  al  dit  companyo  que  lo  Cavalier  havia  pres  lo  die  que  avia  prcs  lo 
orde  de  cavalleria,  havia  li  de  donar  lo  dit  Cavalier  renda  de  que  visques,  tenint  aquell 
la  renda  en  feu  sen;  e  tots  los  altres  del  estauient  militar  eran  dits  Cavaliers  meiiors, 
axi  los  homens  de  paratge,  com  los  altres  qui  seguien  la  art  de  cavalleria  menor  sens 
lo  orde.  E  axi  mateix  agradua  tots  los  ciutadans,  Burgesos,  e  totes  les  gents  de  son 
Comtat  e  Principat  segous  lo  grau  de  quiscu.  Eiicara  feu  lo  dit  virtues  Baro  que  tots  los 
qui  vinguessen  apres  de  ell  Comtes  de  Barcelona  haguessen  a  tenir  tinell,  e  dar  a  menjar 
als  nobles,  e  fessen  Cavaliers  nouells.  E  en  aquesta  maiiera  lo  dit  Comte  e  virtues 
Baro  mes  en  orde  les  gents  de  la  terra  quiscu  en  son  grau,  e  axi  lie  trobareu  en  los  dits 
usatges,  si  be  ho  mirau.     Pere  Tomich,  C.  Sl.ff.  24. 

"  The  said  famous  Baron  Ramon  Berenguer  Count  of  Barcelona,  and  the  most  dis- 
creet Countess  Almodis  his  wife,  ordained  and  made  these  Usages.  And  with  those 
Usages  the  said  virtuous  Baron  placed  in  order  all  the  people  of  his  County  and  Princi- 
pality. And  first  he  set  in  rank  the  Counts,  giving  them  powers  above  the  Viscounts  ; 
noble  Vavassours,  who  are  in  the  highest  degree  after  the  Counts  or  Potestats  aforesaid, 
except  over  the  nine  Barons  whom  he  set  in  the  same  rank  with  the  said  Counts,  calling 
them  Comdors*,  as  if  to  say  that  in  the  lordship  and  baronial  rights  which  they  had 
over  their  vassals,  they  were  like  Counts,  who  are  called  Potestats  in  their  Counties,  and 
had  lordship  in  like  manner  ever   all  who  dwelt  in  their  counties,   and   therefore  all 


•  This  is  probably  the  origin  of  Commodore,  which  Johnson  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of 
Commendador ;  ..  the  Catalan  word  is  much  nearer  both  in  sound  and  meaning. 


405 

these  were  tlius  appellated  and  entitled  by  the  said  virtuous  Baron.  Moreover  he  made 
a  distinction  among  Knights ;  for  in  those  days  all  who  went  on  horseback  and  bore 
arms  were  called  Knights,  and  he  called  them  Mi/es  veio,  which  was  to  say,  that  every 
Knight  who  had  the  order  of  Chivalry  was  a  Knight,  and  the  day  on  which  he  took  the 
order  he  was  to  make  a  gentleman  who  should  hold  in  feud  of  him,  and  should  have 
another  who  should  alvvay  be  with  him,  bearing  his  shield  and  his  lance :  and  the  first 
gentleman  should  be  called  the  Companion  of  the  Knight,  and  this  other  should  be  called 
his  Squire.  They  were  called  gentlemen  who  followed  the  art  of  chivalry,  and  the  Knight 
was  to  give  a  rent  as  long  as  he  lived,  to  the  said  companion  whom  he  took  on  the  day 
when  he  leceived  the  order  of  knighthood,  and  he  was  to  hold  it  as  his  fief.  And  all 
others  of  the  military  state  were  called  Knights-minor,  as  well  the  home/is  cle  parat<rc,  that 
is  to  say  the  hidalgos,  as  others  who  followed  the  art  of  minor-chivalry  without  the 
order.  And  moreover  he  put  in  order  all  the  citizens,  burgesses,  and  all  the  people  of 
his  County  and  principality,  according  to  the  rank  of  each.  And  he  appointed  that  all 
the  Counts  of  Barcelona  who  should  come  after  him,  should  maintain  these  Usages,  and 
keep  a  table  for  the  nobles,  and  make  new  knights.  And  in  this  manner  the  said  Count 
and  virtuous  Baron  put  in  order  ihe  people  of  the  land,  each  in  his  degree,  and  thus  it 
is  found  in  the  said  Usages. 

I  use  Mr.  Heber's  copy  of  Pere  Tomich.  Barcelona  1534,  J?'.  71.  of  this  edition 
the  same  print  is  used  to  represent  Juan  II.  of  Aragon,  which  serves  for  Esplandian 
in  the  title  page  to  the  Burgos  edition  of  the  Sergas,  1526.  The  only  difference  is,  that 
instead  of  the  scroll  which  bears  the  name  of  Esplandian,  there  is  a  cloud  and  three 
birds.  Unless  the  block  had  been  transferred  from  Burgos  to  Barcelona,  which  is  not 
likely,  they  must  have  been  cast  like  types,  for  the  cut  is  manifestly  the  same. 

Jnd  Zilien  he  had  slain  him  he  asked  the  Judges  if  there  was  any  thing  more  to  be  done.  P.  1 2. 
(12.)  This  appeal  to  the  Judges  after  the  combat  is  decided,  occurs  sometimes  in  Romance. 
When  Palmerin.de  Oliva  (C.  28.)  does  battle  with  Count  Domarco,  "  he  brought  him  to 
the  ground,  and  knelt  upon  his  breast,  and  cut  the  straps  of  his  helmet,  and  the  head 
after  them,  and  took  it  by  the  hair,  and  sent  it  rolling  along  the  field.  And  when  he 
had  done  this  he  looked  at  Tolome,  and  saw  that  he  had  his  enemy  at  his  mercy,  and  it 
was  not  long  before  he  slew  him  ;  and  then  Palmerin  asked  the  Judges  if  ought  more  was 
to  be  done  for  the  acquittance  of  Diardo  and  Cardonia." 

Perhaps  the  barbarous  custom  of  casting  the  body  of  the  slain  out  of  the  lists,  was 
a  necessary  ceremony  in  some  places,  and  not  in  others,  and  hence  this  question. 

Eslremadura.     P.  14. 
(13.)  This  word  ought  to  have  been  rendered  here,  the  Marches  of  Burgos. 


406 

lie  enjoined  them  to  fasten  boards  upon  their  shield.  P.  1  j. 
(14  )  When  the  Tartars  began  their  conquest  ofCliina  by  besieging  Leaotung,  because 
they  chiefly  feared  the  mnsquet  balls,  they  resolved  by  a  stratagem  to  make  that  unknown 
instrument  less  hurifiil  to  them  than  their  enemies  did  imagine.  Tor  the  Tartarian  king 
commanded  such  as  made  the  first  onset,  to  carry  a  thick  hard  board  for  their  shield, 
which  was  as  good  to  them  as  a  wooden  wall :  these  men  were  seconded  by  other 
companies,  who  carried  ladders  to  climb  up  the  walls;  and  the  horse  came  up  in  the  rear. 
In  this  manner  he  set  upon  the  city  in  four  quarters,  and  received  the  discharge  of 
their  musquets  against  his  wooden  wall:  then  in  a  moment  the  scaling  ladders  being 
applied,  before  they  could  charge  again,  they  were  upon  the  walls,  and  entered  the  city. 

Belhun  Tartaricum  by  Martinus  Martinius.  Eng.  Trans.  P.  16. 

Lorvam.  P.  22. 
(15.)  The  Monks  of  Lorvam  produced  among  their  archives  a  deed  of  exemption  granted 
to  them  by  Alboacem  the  son  of  Mahamet  Alhamar,and  grandson  of  Tarif  the  Conqueror, 
which,  if  genuine,  is  one  of  the  most  curious  records  in  Spain.  The  charter,  after  speci- 
fying what  tributes  the  Christians  shall  pay,  proceeds  thus.  Monasterium  de  montanis, 
f/iii  dicitur  Laitrbano,  non  peche  nulla  pesante,  quouiam  bona  intentione  monstrunt  mihi 
loca  de  suis  venatis,  e  faciimt  Sarracenis  bona  acolhenza,  et  numquam  invent  falsum  neque 
malum  animum  in  illis  qui  movant  ibi ;  et  totas  suas  hereditates  possideant  cum  pace  et  bona 
quiete,  sine  rixa,  et  sine  vexatione  neque  forcia  de  Mauris ;  et  veniant  et  vadani  ad  Colim- 
briam  cum  libertate,  per  diem  et  per  noctem,  quando  melius  velint  ant  nolint,  emant  et  len- 
dant  sine  pecho,  tali  pacta  quod  non  vadant  foras  de  nostras  terras  sine  nostra  aprazmo,  et 
bene  velc,  et  quia  sic  volumus,  et  ul  omncssciant,facio  cartum  salvo  conducto,  et  do  Christianis, 
ut  habeaut  iilam  pro  suo  juzgo,  et  mostrent  cum  Mauri  requisiverint  ab  illis.  Et  siquis  de 
Sarracenis  non  sibi  observarit  nostrum  Juzgo,  in  quo  fecerit  damnum  componat  pro  suo  avcre, 
vel  pro  sua  vita,  et  sic  juzgo  de  illo,  sicut  de  Christiana,  usque  ad  sanguinem  et  vitam. 
Fait  facta  karta  de  juzgo,  era  de  Christianis  DCCLXXII.  secundum  vero  annos  Arabum 
CXXXXVII.  Luna  XIII  dulhija.  Alboacen  Iben  Mahamet  Alhamur,  Iben  Tarif, 
ro"atu  Christianorum  firmavi  pro  more—[-,  et  dederunt  pro  robore  duos  equos  optimos,  et  ego 
con/irmavi  tolum.      Brito,  Man.  Lusit.  2.  7.  7. 

This  charter,  like  the  funeral  urn  of  Achilles,  the  tomb  of  Alexander,  and  the  relicks 
of  the  Archangel  Michael,  is  the  more  to  be  suspected  because  it  would  be  of  such 
exceeding  value,  if  genuine.  It  may  be  doubted  whether  a  Moorish  Governor  at  so 
early  an  age  would  give  charters  in  Latin,  whether  at  any  age  he  would  use  the  sign 
of  the  Cross  for  his  mark,  and  whether  the  language  with  which  the  Latin  is  corrupted 
be  not  of  a  more  modern  complexion.  But  the  exemption,  if  it  be  forged,  could  be 
of  no  use  after  Coimbra  was  recovered  by  the  Christians  ;  so  that,  even  in   that  case 


407 

it  is  of  very  curious  antiquit}',  and  may  truly  state  the  laws  to  which  the  Christians  were 
aubject. 

This  is  the  deed  of  which  Gibbon  (C.  51.  Note  187,)  who  had  only  seen  its  substance 
in  Fleury,  intimates  a  dark  suspicion. 

Corona  del  cueipo.     P.  31.  t 

(IG.)  I  would  not  weaken  the  word  by  softening  it.  Our  own  language  furnishes  a 
curious  instance  of  the  same  use  of  the  word  in  the  Will  of  Sir  Lewis  Clifford  (the 
probate  whereof  bears  date  Dec.  5.  1404).  He  had  been  a  follower  of  Wickliff,  but  had 
recanted  ;  and  as  this  is  the  only  part  of  the  ^^^ill  in  English,  it  has  been  conjectured 
that  it  was  dictated  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  by  way  of  penance. 

"  The    sevententhe    day    of   September  the  yere  of  our  lord  Jesu  Christ  1404.     I 
Lowys  Clyfforth,  fals  and  traytor  to  my  Lord  God  and   to  all  the   blessed  company    of 
hevene,  and  unworthi   to  be  clejiyd  a  Christen   man,  make  and   ordeine  my   testament 
and  my  last  %viil  in   this    manere.      At  the    begynning    I    most    unworthi    and    Goddis 
traytor,    recommaunde  my  wrecliid  and  synfule  soule    hooly  to  the    grace  and   to  thg 
grete  mercy   of  the  blessed  Trynyiie,    and   my   wrechid  careyne    to    be   berved  in  the 
farthest  corner  of  the  chirche-zerd,  in  which  pariche  my  wrechid  soule   departeth  fro 
my  body.     And  I  prey   and  charge  my  survivors  and  myne  executors,  as  they  wollen 
answere  tofore  God,  and  as  all  myne  hoole  trust  in  this  matere  is   in  hem,  that  on  my 
stinking  careyne  be  neyther  leyd  clothe   of  goJd,  ne  of  silke,  but  a    black  clothe,  and 
a  taper  at  myne  hed,   and  anotlier  at  my  fete,  ne  stone  ne  other  thing  whereby  eny  man 
may   witt  where  my  stynkyng  careyne  liggeth.     And  to  that  chirche   do  myne  execu- 
tors all  thingis,  w  hich   owen  duly  in  such  caas  to  be  don,  without  eny  more  cost,  saaf  to 
pore  men."  8cc.     Niculson  and  Burn's  Hht.  of  Westmoreland.  Vol.  1.  £80. 

Quhare  is  the  meit  and  drink  delicious. 
With  whilk  we  fed  our  cairful  carionis ! 

Sir  David  Lyndsay. 

In  the  translation  of  P.  Richeome's  Pilgrim  of  Loretta,  by  E.  W.  printed  at  Paris 
1630,  a  similar  word  is  employed,  but  not  designedly,  . .  the  translator  living  in  a  foreign 
country,  and  speaking  a  foreign  language,  had  forgotten  the  nicer  distinctions  of  his 
own.  "  Women  and  maides,"  he  says,  "  shall  also  particularly  examine  themselves  about 
the  vanity  of  their  apparell,  their  too  much  speaking,  or  speaking  evill,  of  their  too 
much  care  of  their  corps,  of  impatience,  choler,  covetise  of  the  goods  of  this  world,  and 
of  other  vices  more  familiar  to  their  sexe." 

For  Zaragoza  he  held  to  be  within  his  conquest.     P.  So. 
(17.)  The  resolution  with  which  the  Spaniards  set  about  recovering  their  country 


408 

was  trulv  heroic.  Each  of  die  Christian  kingdoms  had  its  allotted  portion  of  Moorish 
territory  to  connucr,  and  this,  tliough  it  was  sometimes  a  state  as  extensive  and  powerful 
as  itself,  was  called  its  conquest.  Wars  sometimes  arose  between  them,  if  one  King 
trespassed  upon  the  conquest  of  another;  ..for  they  regarded  it  as  a  manor,  and  the 
Moors  as  game.  King  Jayme  of  Aragon  used  the  metaphor,  when,  having  one  day 
started  a  herd  of  them  he  clapped  spurs  to  his  horse,  and  cried  out  to  his  followers, . . 
After  them  !  after  them,  brethren  !  .  .  these  deer,  who  are  to  be  the  food  and  sustenance 
of  our  honours,  must  not  be  suffered  to  escape.     Miedes,  L.  6.  C.  5. 

Aljhez.     P.  .36. 

(18.)  The  Master  of  the  Horse,  or  of  the  Knights  of  the  Emperor  or  King,  is  what 
they  call  in  Romance  the  Alferez.  He  ought  to  carry  the  King's  standard  when  he  goes 
to  battle,  and  he  has  power  to  judge  knights  in  all  cases  of  knighthood  which  arise  among 
them,  as  if  they  should  sell  or  pawn,  or  misuse  their  horses  or  arms.  Also  he  hath  power 
to  settle  all  suits  among  them  by  reason  of  debts.  Also  he  may  restrain,  or  expel  those 
who  have  deserved  it,  if  they  are  disobedient  in  the  ordinances  and  things  which  he 
commands  them  to  do  in  matters  of  knighthood.  And  notwithstanding  he  may  do  all 
these  things  aforesaid,  nevertheless  he  cannot  adjudge  any  one  to  the  pain  of  death, 
nor  to  loss  of  limb,  for  any  thing  that  he  may  say  or  do.      Part.  4.  2'it.  18.  Ley  11. 

Count  Don  Piuolo  Ximenez,  the  Alferez  of  King  Bermudo,  is  called  Chmtiferus  in 
old  writings,  which  Yepes  explains  to  he  another  term  for  standard-bearer,  the  banner 
having  either  a  crucifix  or  a  cross  upon  it.     Chr.  Gen.  cle  S.  Benito,  T.  G.  ff.  17. 

The  Cross  which  was  the  standard  at  the  famous  hattle  of  the  Navas  de  Tolosa,  was 
made  of  iron,  because  at  that  time  any  thing  like  luxury  had  been  just  denounced  by  law. 
About  half  its  staff  was  covered  by  a  sort  of  shield,  to  protect  the  bearer,  and  from  this 
an  index-hand  proceeded,  which  the  Alferez  might  turn  to  that  part  of  the  field  where 
succour  was  most  needed  :  . .  at  least  this  is  supposed  to  have  been  its  use.  A  print  of 
this  standard  is  given  in  the  Notes  to  Mondejar's  lihtoria  del  Ret/  Don  Alonso  VIII. 
P.  434. 

JBj/  name  Verna.     P.  40. 
(19.)  Brito  gives  the  name  ; . .  where  he  found  it  does  not  appear.     But  as  a  name  he 
gives  it,  though  it  may  be  suspected  rather  to  mark  the  rank  of  the  person. 

He  slew  eleven  of  the  thirteen.     P.  5) . 

('20.)  Berganza  observes  that  one  of  the  most  authentic  accounts  of  the  Cid  calls 

him  the  Campeador  upon  this  occasion  only  . .  .indicia  de  que  gaud  este  campo  con  ventajas 

a  las  denms  lides  campales,  y  acaso  el  Rei/  Don  Sancho,  admirando  del  invicto  brazo  del 

Cid,  k  daria  el  nombre  de  Campeudvr.      If,  he  adds,   any  one  shall  think  this  exploit 


409 

incredible/ let  him  loolc  at  tl.e  ans^ver  «hich  Moses  gave  to  those  VNho  asked  him.  How 
should  one  chase  a  thousand,  and  two  put  ten  thousand  to  flight  ? 

The  Conde  Don  Pedro  relates  a  more  probable  atchievement  of  the  same  kmd. 
In  a  batde  betvveea  the  Kings  of  Castdle  and  Navarre  the  former  was  taken,  and  dehvered 
into  the  custody  of  four  knights.  Don  Nu.ro,  or  Manho  Guterres  de  Castanneda  came 
.p,  snatched  a  lance  from  one  of  them  and  killed  him,  gave  another  lance  to  the 
Kmg  sayino-,  Now  Sir  they  are  three  and  we  are  two;  the  K.ng  then  killed  ano  he,, 
and  ti.ey  took  the  other  two.  Don  Nuao  was  ever  aftervv.rds^  called,  He  ot  the  tour 
Hanus,  from  this  feat.     ISiobiliurio.  P.   100. 

And  he  rehaaed  King  Don  Alfonso  from  prison.     P.  52. 

(21  )  As  the  old  Spanish  historians  had  not  quite  miracles  enough,  Yepes  has  dis- 
covered one  here  which  they  had  all  overlooked,  but  which  rests  npon  the  authority 
of  Hu'o  the  biographer  of  St.  Hugo  the  Great,  and  of  the  B.bhotheca  Clumacensts. 
Khfg  Fe'rrando  h:d  been  a  great  benefactor  to  the  Monastery  of  C.unt,  and  tn    t  e.r 

°  .  u  1  oil  his  monks  oraved    or  Altonso  s  deliverance,     bt  I'etei, 

crratitude  the  ereat  Hugo  and  all  his  monKs  pid^cu 

gratituae  uie  gicn.        a  j    .„  Sf    Hu<to    tel  ino-  hun  his  desire  should 

in  consequence  of  these  prayers,  appeared   to  bt.   Mu^o,  temn„  ,  ,        ,       ,, 

m  consequence:  ,  .  •        c,r,^lir,    'hreatenin<^   h  m  Q;rievously  unless  he   re- 

be  accomplished,  and   also  to  King  Sancho,  Jireatenin^   •         o  J 

t..  .:.«„..  ™.  ...ore.  .o  ;-■■: -„-^=-:,/r  :,er/:.;rj: » 

him  out  of  prison, . .  and  put  him  mto  a  Monasteij  ,  anu    ^  = 

nimouiu.p  ,  1  ^  ,-  ,-;,,•_  .Up  .vhole  of  the  Apostles  commands. 

him  was  his  punishment  tor  not  iulfilling  the  ^^^^  J^^^  ^^  ^^  ^^^^.^^_  ^,  ^  ^_  ^^^^ 

Alfonso  acknowled<^ed  the  benefit  which  he  had  received  by  suitable  donations  to  the 
House  fOuni  am!  thl  grateful  brethren  did  him  a  second  good  ^-^^.^^  ^  ^ 4';- 
"cm  a  worse  placethan  prison.     Yepes  (T.  7-/.  1  n.)  relates  the  story  altei  bt.  P.eite 

''"'sf  Pierre  the  Venerable,  in  the  course  of  one  of  his  visitations,  came  to  the  Cluniac 
MonasJro    S     mIL  de  Naxara,  in  which  one  Pedro  Engelberto    formerly  a  pow-er^^^ 
fnd  wellthy  inhabitant  of  the  city  of  Estella  in  Navarre,  ha    proicssed.     ^1.    b-th 
::'  famoul  for  an  extraordinary  adventure  which  had    ^ef^^"-      '-  J^  ^ 

Venerable  heard  from  his  own  lip.   and  ^-'^^^ -;X^L  1      ,;:,  he^n  obliged 
^vars  which  took  place  after  the  death  of  oui    Alfonso    th.^  ^      ^^^ 

to  furnish  a  man  to  the  King  of  Aragon  s   army.     ^       ^^      "^  ^^^^^.  ,.^ 

served  his  time  in  Castille,    returned  ^^^^^^t^  ^^  ^-^^'   '^  ^^ '^' ^^^ 
death,  as  Engelberto  was  sitting  at  midnight  by  ^^e  «    ;   ^  ^^.^  ,^.^^  ^^,^,.^ 

Sancho,  and  knew  him  distinctly  by  the  fire  light,  . .  he  w  as  nakeci, 

g,t   with   a  cloth  for  dece.cy.     Engelberto  asked  him    who    he  T'     f  j'^^^'  ^ 
fephed,  Sancho.    And  what  was  he   doing  there.,    lam    going  to  ^-tdl     and  a  great 
nrultitude  with  me,  there  to  sutler  the  punishment  of  our  sins  lu  the  very  place  .here 


3    G 


410 

committed  tlicm.  But,  said  Engelberlo,  If  you  are  taking  that  road,  wliy  do  you  come 
here  ?  Sanciio  replied.  That  he  and  some  others  had  robbed  a  church,  and  taken  away 
even  the  ornaments  of  the  Sacrament,  for  which  they  were  sentenced  to  the  cruellest 
pains  of  Purgatory;  and  he  was  come  to  implore  help.  His  mistress,  the  wife  of 
Engclberto,  owed  him  when  he  died  some  little  money,  and  he  requested  that  it  might 
be  distributed  in  alms  for  the  relief  of  his  soul.  By  this  time  Engelberto  began  to 
recover  courage,  and  thinking  it  an  excellent  opportunity  to  learn  news  from  the  other 
world,  enquired  for  his  acquantaince  there,  How  was  Pedro  de  laca,  one  of  his  towns- 
men ?  He  was  in  bliss,  for  he  had  been  compassionate  and  pityful  towards  the 
poor,  especially  during  a  year  of  famine,  when  he  had  given  great  alms.  .How  was 
Vernerio,  who  died  lately  ?  Of  him  Sancho  gave  a  deplorable  account ;  .  .  he  was  damned 
because  he  had  taken  bribes,  beijig  a  Judge,  and  perverted  the  course  of  justice.  Ensel- 
berto  then  thought  of  enquiring  for  King  Alfonso,  who  had  been  dead  not  many 
years,  ..  but  then  another  Gliost  appeared,  and  interrupted  him,  saying,  Do  not  ask 
this  of  him,  for  it  is  but  a  little  while  since  he  died,  and  he  can  tell  you  nothing  about 
it;  but  I  have  been  dead  five  years,  and  have  talked  with  Ghosts  who  have  been  dead 
longer,  so  that  I  can  tell  you  what  you  want  to  know.  Engelberto  was  a  little  alarmed 
at  this  second  voice,  and  at  perceiving  the  otber  Ghost  sitting  in  the  moon  light  under  the 
window,  naked  like  Sancho,  and  girt  with  the  same  sort  of  wrapper  round  his  loins ; 
however  he  took  heart,  and  asked  him  who  he  was, , .  He  vi'as  one  of  the  party  who  were 
bound  for  Castiile.  And  do  you  know  anything  of  King  Alfonso  ?  Yes,  replied  the 
Ghost,  I  know  where  he  was,  but  not  where  he  is  now,  for  at  one  time  he  was  tor- 
mented with  most  grievous  pains,  among  the  guilty  ;  but  after  awhile  the  Monks  of 
Cluni  delivered  him  from  that  place,  and  I  cannot  tell  what  has  been  done  with  him. 
Having  said  this  both  ghosts  told  him  they  must  now  join  the  army  of  Spirits,  which 
was  gone  before.  And  Sancho  again  requested  that  the  money  due  to  him  might  be 
paid  to  the  poor.  Engelberto,  after  they  had  departed,  awakened  his  wife,  and  asked 
her  if  she  owed  any  thing  to  their  man  Sancho  when  he  died,  ..she  answered.  Yes,  eight 
shillings,  .  .which  was  the  sum  the  Ghost  had  specified.  Accordingly  this  money  was 
applied  as  he  had  desired,  and  other  alms  added  to  it,  and  spent  in  masses.  And  from 
this  story  St.  Pierre  the  Venerable  was  fully  persuaded  that  King  Alfonso  was  in 
heaven. 

The  Monks  of  Cluni  had  reason  to  be  grateful  to  this  King.  Ferrando  had  given 
them  a  thousand  meteales  yearly  for  their  cloathing,  beheving  that  he  should  in  return 
be  made  a  partaker  of  their  spiritual  treasure.  Alfonso  doubled  this  annuity  and  made 
it  perpetual,  for  the  relief  of  his  own  soul,  his  father's  and  mother's,  his  brothers, 
children  and  wives,  living  and  dead ;  and  he  declared  that  any  of  his  successors  who 
should  either  withhold  or  lessen  this  tribute  should  be  tfeereby  disinherited. 

Sandoval,  ff.  85. 


411 

Toledo.     P.  55. 
(22.)  OMPereTomich  skives  a  very  siraiglit   foiwavf^   etymology  of  Toledo.     Julius 
Ca's;ir,  he  .-iivs,  buiit  r!»e  city,  e  tiames  hi  dos  ravuUers,  e  el  Itu  liavia  nom  To/,  el  altie  Ledo. 
H  aijuesto  la  udUulaian  uc  lui  nom.     C.  1  .jf.  5. 

They  found  him  by  the  side  of  the  Douro.     P.  71. 

(23.)  The  people  of  Zainoia  have  erected  a  iicss  ipon  the  spot  where  Sancho  was 
murdered.  Gil  Gonzalez  Daviia,  Hist,  del  Reif  Dun  Heiiiique  HI.  Gil  Gonzalez  mentions 
this  as  an  example  to  the  Corregidor  of  Alcala  de  Henares,  to  erect  one  upon  the  place 
where  Juan  I.  was  accidentally  killed, ..  that  all  passers-by  might  be  reminded  to  say 
a  prayer  for  his  soul. 

There  is  a  second  siege  of  Zamora,  which  deserves  to  he  remembered.  Alonso  Lopez 
de  Texeda  defended  it  for  the  children  of  Pedro  the  Cruel,  ai'ter  that  Prince  had  been 
betrayed  by  Du  Guesclin,  and  murdered.  Henrique  of  Traslamara,  then  Henrique  II. 
slew  his  three  sons  before  the  walls,  thinking  to  make  him  surrender,  and  save  their  lives  ; 
but  the  true  Spaniard  held  out  inflexibly,  till  pestilence  had  utterly  disabled  his  gar- 
rison, and  then  he  escaped  by  night  and  effected  his  flight  into  Portugal,  taking  the 
keys  of  the  city  with  him.  The  heroic  fidelity  displayed  here,  and  at  Carmona,  in  the 
cause  of  Pedro  after  his  death,  evinces  that  that  Prince,  furious  as  he  was  in  his  fits  of 
anger,  had  qualities  which  made  him  faithfully  and  affectionately  beloved,  ..  and  the 
cruelties  which  Henrique  perpetrated  at  both  places  incontestibly  prove  that  the  suc- 
cessful brother  was  the  more  atrocious  of  the  two. 

This  was  not  the  only  iniqtiity  which  Henrique  committed  at  Zamora,  .  .  diose 
al  Rei/  a  pleytesia,  says  the  old  Chronicler  of  Pero  Nino,  e  si  el  Rey  ge  la  tovo,  noii  es  mio 
de  escrebir. 

It  has  been  affirmed  by  eZ  egregin  Doctor  Figiierola,  that  St.  Paul's  Epistle  to  the 
■Hebrews  was  addressed  to  the  Jews  of  Zamora,  who  had  requested  him  when  he  was 
in  those  parts,  to  give  them  an  explanation  of  the  new  faith  which  he  preached.  Beti- 
ther  observes,  that  the  egregious  Doctor  has  too  hastily  believed  the  Jews,  this  Epistle 
having  been  manifestly  written  to  the  Jews  of  Jerusalem,  . .  but  he  adds,  that  the  Zamoran 
Hebrews  may  perhaps  have  obtained  a  copy  of  it.     L.  1.  C.  24. 

j^nd  he  called  for  the  candle,     P.  73. 
(24.)  Few  readers  can  require   to  be  told   that   it  is  one  of  the  ceremonies  of  the 
Catholick  Church  to  put  a  lighted  taper  into  the  hand  of  a  dying  man.     Among  the 
Greeks  it  is  lit  upon  the  birth  of  a  child , . .  and  if  the  child  be  a  first  born,  carefully  laid 
aside  for  bis  death  candle  ;  it  is  then  buried  with  him.     Pietro  della  Valle. 


412 

Alt']  they  summoned  all  the  Bishops,  S^c.  P.  75. 
(25.)  "  All  things,  ihoiigh  they  may  have  a  good  beghining,  and  a  good  middle,  are 
not  corapleatly  good  unless  they  have  a  good  end.  And  this  is  becaase  the  end  is  the 
accomplishment  of  all  the  past ;  and  therefore  the  vvise  men  said  that  all  praise  was 
to  be  sung  at  the  end,  for  that  thing  is  compleatly  good  which  has  well  finished.  Where- 
fore it  behoves  the  people,  as  they  are  bound  to  honour  the  King  in  his  life,  so  also  to 
honour  him  at  his  death,  for  there  all  the  honour  which  they  can  do  him  is  accom- 
plished. And  in  this  they  show  greater  loyalty  than  in  doing  it  while  he  lived,  because 
it  is  done  at  a  time  when  they  can  no  longer  look  to  him  for  favour  nor  reward,  neither 
in  word  nor  in  deed  ;  nor  on  the  other  hand,  for  injunction  or  force.  And  moreover 
they  manifest  that  they  do  not  forget  the  goodness  which  there  was  in  him,  nor  the 
benefits  which  they  had  received  at  his  hands.  And  therefore  as  soon  as  they  know 
his  death  the  honourable  men  should  repair  to  the  place  where  his  body  lies,  the 
Prelates  and  other  Ricos  Omes,  and  the  Masters  of  the  Order'*,  and  the  other  good  men 
of  the  Cities  and  great  Towns  in  his  dominions,  to  do  him  honour  at  his  funeral.  And 
they  must  not  excuse  themselves,  but  must  come  presently,  at  the  latest  within  forty 
days,  unless  some  of  them  should  have  any  such  impediment  that  they  can  in  nowise 
come.  These  forty  days  the  Antients  appointed  on  account  of  the  number  four,  because 
four  times  ten  are  forty.  And  they  did  this  because  of  the  four  ages,  and  of  the  four 
seasons  of  the  year,  in  which  man  passes  his  whole  life,  and  does  all  things  which  he 
is  bound  to  do  as  well  for  the  sake  of  his  soul  as  of  his  body.  And  they  did  this  also 
because  of  four  things  wliii^h  onght  to  bp  done  for  the  honour  of  the  deceased  King 
now,  rather  than  at  any  other  time.  The  first  to  lament  for  him  as  their  Lord,  re- 
membering that  they  take  leave  of  him  now,  never  to  see  him  again  in  this  world. 
The  second  to  secure  his  place,  taking  immediately  for  King  him  who  ought  by  right 
to  inherit  the  kingdom,  and  who  comes  of  his  lineage.  The  third  to  aid  him  as  vassals 
and  friends  and  true  men,  to  discharge  his  soul,  giving  alms  and  offering  up  prayers  for 
him.  Moreover  aiding  those  to  whose  hands  it  has  been  entrusted  to  pay  his  debts 
and  discharge  his  commands  and  redress  wrongs,  if  any  he  shall  have  done.  For  even 
as  they  are  bound  to  defend  the  body  of  the  King  while  he  is  alive,  from  any  hurt  which 
might  come  from  earthly  enemies,  and  to  protect  him  therefrom,  so  are  they  to  protect 
his  soul  as  much  as  they  can  from  the  infernals,  with  the  arms  of  alms  and  prayers,  by 
yvhich  he  may  gain  the  love  of  God  and  the  honour  of  Paradise.  The  fourth  to  take 
counsel  with  the  new  King,  and  quiet  the  kingdom,  that  no  alterations  or  disturbance 
may  happen  because  of  his  death.  And  therefore  this  term  was  appointed,  that  they 
who  could  not  come  immediately  might  have  thus  much  time  allowed  them,  and  assem- 
ble to  do  these  things  as  we  have  said.  And  in  this  manner  the  People  ought  to  honour 
their  King  after  he  is  departed.  And  they  who  knowingly  do  otherwise  commit  manifest 
treason,  so  that  the  new  King  ought  to  have  no  mercy  upon  them,  but  take  from  them 


413 

all  which  they  held  of  him',  and  cast  them  out  of  the  land  for  ever.  And  not  only  ought 
they  to  honour  the  body  of  the  deceased  King,  but  also  the  place  or  town  wherein  it 
lies;  so  that  whosoever  violates  it,  unless  it  be  in  case  of  justice,  ought  to  be  punished 
jiccording  to  the  offence."     Part.  2.  T.  IJ.  X.  19. 

jind  a  draught  either  of  wine  or  water,  as  he  chose.  P.  78. 
(26.)  One  of  the  scriptural  commentators  oddly  explains  these  verses.  "  And  Ishbi- 
benob,  which  was  of  the  sons  of  the  giant,  the  weight  of  whose  spear  weighed  three 
hundred  shekels  of  brass  in  weight,  he  being  girded  with  a  new  sword,  thought  to 
have  slain  David.  But  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah  succoured  him,  and  smote  the  Phi- 
listine and  slew  him."  2  Sam.  xxi.  lO.  17.  The  commentator  (Matthew  Henry  I 
believe)  supposes  that  Abishai  gave  him  a  cordial,  and  that  then  David  slew  the  giant. 

And  the  horse  in  his  agony  ran  out  of  the  lists.     P.  82. 
(27.)  Amadis  {Book  1.  C.  43),  in  his  combat  with  Abiseos,  when  his  horse  ran  away 
with  him,  "  seeing  that  he  had  no  remedy,  and  that  he  should  be  carried  out  of  the  Usts, 
Struck  the  beast  between  the  ears  with  his  sword,  and  split  his  head." 

And  they  received  him  for  their  Lord  and  King.  P.  86. 
(28.)  The  deceased  King  being  interred,  the  honourable  men  must  go  to  the  new 
King  to  acknowledge  the  honour  of  Lordship  in  him  in  two  manners  ;  the  one  by  word 
and  the  other  by  deed.  By  word,  acknowledging  that  they  hold  him  to  be  their  Lord, 
and  confessing  that  they  are  his  vassals,  and  promising  that  they  will  obey  him,  and  be 
loyal  and  true  to  him  in  all  things,  and  will  increase  his  honour  and  profit,  and  ward 
off  evil  and  harm  from  him,  as  far  as  they  can.  By  deed,  in  kissing  his  foot  and  hi* 
hand  in  acknowledgment  of  Lordship,  and  doing  otlier  humbleness  accordino'  to  the 
custom  of  the  land,  and  surrendering  tu  him  their  offices,  and  the  lands  which  are 
called  honours,  and  all  other  things  which  they  held  of  the  deceased  Kin?,  such  as 
cellars  and  wine  vaults,  and  flocks  and  other  things,  and  rents,  of  what  kind  soever 
they  may  be.  And  they  who  do  not  do  this  commit  manifest  treason,  wherefore,  beine 
honourable  men,  they  ought  to  lose  the  offices  and  honours  which  they  hold,  and  to  be 
cast  out  of  the  kingdom.  And  if  they  have  received  any  thing  therefrom,  they  ou»ht 
then  to  restore  it  two-fold.  And  if  they  are  men  of  lower  rank,  they  ought  to  die  for 
this,  and  to  restore  to  the  King  two-fold  of  all  that  they  have  gained  by  him ;  but  if 
they  cannot  be  found,  they  shall  lose  all  that  they  have :  but  after  this  they  ouo-hc  not  to 
be  put  to  death,  since  all  that  they  had  has  been  taken  from  tliem  as  a  punishment. 

Part.  2.  T.  15.  L.  20. 


414 


The  oath  of  expurgation.     P.  87. 

(29.)  It  has  been  said  that  the  oath  was  made  upon  one  of  the  holts  of  the  great 
door.  That  the  vulgat  had  some  form  of  ihis  kind  apjiears  ceriain,  because  ihe  i-olt 
was  taken  away  and  destroyed  by  the  Bishop  Ainpuvha,  at  the  beginning  oi  ilic  Itjth 
century.     Esp.  Sagr.  T.  '27-  t)'68. 

One  of  the  ballads  mentions  this  bolt,  and  amplifies  the  oath  with  curious  absurdity. 


Las  juras  eran  tan  fuertPs 
que  a  todos  ponen  espanto; . . 
sobre  un  cerrojo  de  hierro, 
y  una  ballesta  de  palo. 
Villanos  te  maten  Alfonso, 
villanos  que  non  fidalgos  ; 
de  las  Asturias  de  Oviedo, 
que  non  scan  Castellanos  ; 
Matente  con  aguijadas, 
no  con  lanza?,  ni  con  dardos  ; 
con  cuchillos  cachicuernos, 
no  con  punales  dorados  ; 
Abarcas  traygan  calzadas 
que  non  zapatos  de  lazo  ; 


capas  Iraygan  aguaderas, 
non  (ie  contiay,  ni  frisado  ; 
Con  la.nisoues  dc  estopa, 
non  de  olauda,  ni  labrados; 
vayan  cavalga.ido  en  hurras 
non  en  mu'as,  ni  en  cavallos; 
Frenos  traygan  de  cordei 
non  de  cueros  fogueados ; 
matente  por  las  aradas, 

non  por  villas,  ni  poblados; 

Y  saquente  el  corazon 

por  el  siniestro  costado, 

si  non  di.xeres  verdad 

de  lo  que  te  es  preguntado. 

Escobar  Rom  S7- 


DoUbJ^ful  cases  used  in  France  to  be  decided  in  this  manner,  by  oath,  at  the 
sepulchres  of  St..  Denys,  St.  Medouard,  St.  Carilfe,  and  St.  Antonine,  or  Antolin.  This 
latter  Saint  was  accustomed  to  punish  perjurers  by  the  disease  called  corruptly  from  him, 
St.  Anthony's  Fire.      Yepes.  Chr.  Gen.  de  S.  Benito,  ff.  34. 

The  life  of  this  St.  Antolin  is  one  of  those  for  which  there  does  not  seem  to  be 
the  slightest  foundation  of  truth.  It  is  palpably  fiction  from  beginning  to  end.  A 
certain  Emperor  Pepin  figures  in  the  story.  The  Saint  is  laid  in  a  dungeon,  and  left 
there  to  be  famished  ; . .  an  Angel  brings  him  food.  He  is  put  into  a  furnace  of  melted 
lead  •  . .  it  is  changed  into  water,  with  which  he  baptizes  the  spectators.  They  tie  a 
mill  stone  round  his  neck,  and  throw  him  into  the  Garonne  ;  . .  he  floats  down  the  stream 
upon  this  singular  life-boat,  and  christens  the  people,  who  swim  off  to  him  in  shoals  at 
the  sio'ht  of  the  miracle.  No  difficulty  however  occurs  in  cutting  his  head  off;.,  but 
this  is  only  done  to  give  occasion  to  a  whole  host  of  still  more  wonderful  wonders. 
This  seems  to  be  the  Saint  whose  church  ia  London  was  formerly  called  Tantlins. 


415 

p.  97.  §  XIX. 
(30.)   Here  the  Poem  commences.     Sanchez  juclgea  from  the  appearance  of  the 
maauscript  that  something  more  than  three  hundred  lines  were  lost. 

Thetj  had  a  crozo  on  their  right  hand.     P.  9". 
(31.)  Man)'  heathen  superstitions',  and  this  in  particular,  seem  to  have  remained 
longer  in  Spain  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world. 
S.  Domingo  de  Silos  preaches  against  augury — 

Mw  catassen  agueros,  ca  de  Dios  es  tedado. 

Gonz.  de  Btrceo.  S.  Dom.  465. 
When  King  Jayme  El  Conquistador  was  one  day  hawking  at  herons  near  Burriana, 
a  flight  rose  before  him,  and  going  off  in  their  triangular  array,  Jayme  was  struck  by  the 
regularity  of  their  line,  and  thought  it  worthy  a  soldier's  admiration.  As  he  came  up  to 
ihem  the  cackling  they  made  was  excessive,  greater  than  ever  he  or  any  of  his  attendants 
had  heard  before  ; . .  and  the  King,  who  listened  to  it  more  attentively  than  any  one 
else,  persuaded  himself  that  the  herons  were  telling  him  it  better  behoved  a  good 
Captain  to  be  breaking  the  ranks  of  his  enemies  in  their  own  country,  than  disturbing 
their  flight.  Upon  which  he  immediately  made  ready  to  go  on  with  his  conquests  against: 
the  Moors.     Miedes.  L.  9.  C.  £0, 

Jayme  was  a  believer  in  augury.  When  he  was  leaving  his  army  before^Entesa  to 
Don  Guillen  Dentensa's  charge,  it  was  told  him  by  those  who  were  about  to  strike  his 
tent,  that  a  swallow  had  built  upon  the  point  of  it,  (en  lo  alto,  que  dizen  la  escudilla,  o 
.  arandela)  and  hatched  her  young  there,  he  immediately  gave  orders  that  the  tent  should 
not  be  moved,  nor  the  nest  disturbed  ; . .  for  this  bird,  -said  he,  is  the  announcer  of  victory, 
and  as  she  hath  trusted  in  our  shadow  and  protection,  by  it  shall  she  be  protected  till  her 
young  are  fledged  and  take  flight      L.  10.  C.  12. 

Doiia  Orraca  Ferrandez,  a  noble  lady,  left  by  will  in  1335,  among  other  things  to 
her  niece  Senhorinha,  hmms  Penlees  Laares,  e  quatro  libras  pera  ajuda  do  sen  casamento. 
Doc.  de  Tarouca.  Mention  is  made  of  Pentes  Laares  elsewhere  about  the  same  time. 
Fr.  Joaquim  de  Santa  Rosa  asks  what  ornament,  moveable,  or  piece  this  can  be  ?  "  Are 
they,"  he  says,  "  combs  (pentes)  of  great  value  worn  as  ornaments  in  the  head  ?  Are  they 
pendants  for  the  ears.?  In  an  edict  of  Charles  V.  of  France,  1367,  it  is  said.  Item; 
quod  non  audeant  portare  riochas,  vel  manicas  pentes,  latiores  triiim  digitorum.  Ap. 
Dufresne.  V.  Pentes.  And  Lar  we  know  was  the  name  of  a  King.  Id.  V.  Lar.  But 
this  is  only  a  light  conjecture."     Elucidario  Portuguez. 

Pentes  Laares  is  probably  a  barbarous  compound  of  the  two  words  Penates  and  Lares. 
If  It  be  remembered  how  many  Roman  superstitions  were  still  in  full  use,  it  will  not 
appear  improbable  that  some  family  idols  were  preserved  as  amulets ;  . .  or  perhaps  the 
corrupted  Pagan  names  applied  to  some  of  those  objects  of  Catholic  idolatry  which 
have  supplied  their  place. 


416 

Jt  was  perhaps   believed  that  the  young   Cavallero   would    insist  upon   taking  precedence 

N.  11.  P.  99. 
(32.)  One  of  the  oddest  passages  I  have  ever  met  with  is  the  description  of  a  quarrel 
upon  this  subject  between  Esau  and  Jacob,  before  they  were  born.     It  occurs  in  a  serious 
■poem,  and  one  which  is  not  without  some  passages  of  great  beauty. 

Deja,  pendant  neuf  mois,  la  fiere  Antipathic 

D'ou  naissent  la  Tiscorde  et  la  Haine  en  partie. 

Qui  fait  la  Repugnance,  cngendre  le  Dedain  ; 

Qui  ne  peut  rien  souflVir,  qui  se  fasche  soudain. 

Qui  Fnrmant  une  honeur  pour  les  plus  belles  choses 

Deffend  a  quelques  uns  I'aspect  mcsme  des  roses. 

Qui  trouve  tout  mauvais,  et  dont  I'oeil  depite 

De  ses  propres  Parens  fuil  la  societe  ; 

Deja,  dis-je,  ce  Monstre  enornie  et  redoutable, 

A  soy-mesme  en  tous  lieux  souvent  insuportable. 

Par  le  vouloir  du  Ciel,  que  I'homme,  sans  peclier 

Ne  peut  approfondir,  ne  s^auroit  eplucher, 

Avoit  de  Rebecca,  qui  s'en  plaignoit  sans  cesse, 

Durant  neuf  inois  entiers  touriuente  la  grossesse, 

Fait  tresaillir  les  flancs,  et  de  ses  bras  mutins 

Pousse  les  grands  Jumeaux  aux  troubles  intestins  ; 

Quand  apres  maint  effort,  et  mainte  ardente  lutte, 

Esau  par  hazard,  ou  plutot  par  sa  chutte, 

Vint  le  premier  au  jour,  non  pas  comme  vainqueur, 

Mais  comme  un  qui  fuyoit,  qui  despourveu  de  coeur, 

Laissoit  la  palme  a  I'autre,  au  saint  Champ  des  entrailles, 

Ou  pour  regner  tout  seul  il  donna  cent  battailles. 

Aussy  I'heureux  Jacob,  qui  I'avoit  abattu, 

Sembloit  dire  en  naissant,  "  tourne,  teste,  ou  vas-tu  ?" 

Et  tenant  le  talon  de  la  plante  germaine 

Lors  quil  vint  a  parestre  en  la  carriere  humaine, 

Exprimoit  aux  regards  ce  propos  obstine. 

La  gloire  m'appartieni,  c'est  moy  qui  suis  I'Aisne. 

Moyse  Suuve,  du  Sieur  de  Saint  Amant, 

St.  Pedro  de  Cardeiia.     P.   102.  '   - 

(33.)  The  Abbot  Velorado  has  given  the  traditional  history    of  the    foundation  of 

this  Monastery,  at  the  end  of  the  Chronicle  of  the  Cid.     According  to  this  account  the 


417 

Infante  Tlieotlorico,  son  to  the  Great  Theodoiick,  and  of  his  Queen  Dona  Sancha, 
one  das'  when  he  was  weary  with  the  chase,  stopt  beside  a  fountain  which  is  near  ilie 
site  of  the  Monastery,  and  drank  there,  and  fell  asleep.  An  angel  appeared  to  him 
and  told  him  to  prepare  for  death,  for  it  was  the  will  of  God  to  summon  him,  . .  upon 
which  he  awoke  with  the  pains  of  death  upon  isim,.  .called  for  a  Piiest,  confessed 
himself,  and  died.  His  mother  upon  this  founded  a  Monastery  there,  and  because 
when  she  saw  the  fountain  she  exclaimed,  Caradina,  which  is  explained  to  mean  a  dear 
draught,  and  a  dear  slumber,  the  place  was  called  Cardcila. 

Some  weighty  objections  have  been  raised  against  this  story,  and  such  as  no  charters 
nor  epitaphs  can  remove.  The  titles  of  Infante  and  Doila  and  Catholica,  which  are  shown 
on  the  tombs  of  Theodorico  and  his  mother,  were  not  invented  till  long  after  the  a^e 
in  which  they  are  supposed  to  have  lived.  No  other  mention  is  to  be  found  of  a  son  of 
Theodorick  ;  and  as  that  King  and  his  family  were  Arians,  it  is  not  very  likely  that 
they  would  build  Convents  for  the  Athanasians,  and  colonize  them  with  Benedictii)es, 
The  story  therefore  is  given  up  as  fictitious  by  Sandoval,  Yepes,  and  Florez, . .  who  sui)- 
pose  that  a  mother  and  son  of  that  name  are  buried  in  the  church,  and  that  this  mother 
was  founder  thereof,  . .  but  that  who  she  was  is  altogether  unknown. 

In  the  year  87-  the  Monastery  was  burnt  by  the  Moors,  and  two  hundred  Monks 
put  to  the  sword.  A  very  remarkable  miracle  was  for  many  years  enacted  on  the  ami '- 
versary  of  iheir  martyrdom,  August  6.  The  whole  pavement  of  the  Cloister  wheie 
they  had  been  slain,  and  where  they  were  buried,  was  on  that  day  covered  with  blood 
which  diffused  a  sweet  odour,. .  but  of  which  no  trace  was  to  be  seen  the  next  mornino-. 
It  has  not  been  ascertained  when  this  miracle  ceased,  ..by  a  privilege  granted  to  the 
House  by  Henrique  IV.  147d,  it  is  certain  that  it  continued  then,  .  .  hut  when  enquirv  was 
made  concerning  it  in  I.jSS,  Fr.  Antonio  Hurtado  could  only  depose  that  he  had  known 
some  Monks  who  remembered  brethren  who  had  seen  it,  ..and  he  specified  one  who 
died  in  an  advanced  age  in  1J48.  This  has  furnished  Berganza  with  a  good  reason  for 
the  cessation  of  the  miracle.  The  blood  of  the  Martyrs,  he  says,  cried  out  to  heavea 
against  the  Moors,  and  when  Granada  was  taken  their  prayers  were  accomplished,  and 
there  was  no  farther  occasion  for  it. 

In  1674  a  part  of  the  New  Cloister,  which  is  co.ntiguous  to  that  wherein  the  Mar- 
tyrs are  buried,  appeared  for  many  days  covered  with  what  was  supposecl  to  be  blood. 
As  it  was  neither  in  the  right  place,  nor  on  the  right  day,  this  was  something  more 
extraordinary  than  the  correct  miracle  itself  would  have  been.  The  Archl>ishop  of 
Burgos  came  to  see  it,  and  having  declared  that  he  was  greatly  aflected  at  the  sight,  seat 
a  deputation  of  Divines  and  Physicians  to  investigate  the  matter  on  the  spot.  They 
agreed,  with  only  two  dissentient  voices,  who  were  of  the  Clergy,  that  the  appearance . 
was  preternatural,  and  tliat  the  liquor  had  the  accidents  of  blood.  The  riiysieians, 
after  premising  that  miraculous  blood  was  not  necessarily  subject  to  natural  processes^  , 

3     H 


418 

proposed  to  try  some  of  it  in  boiling  water:  it  coagulated  therein,  and  then  the  two  scep^ 
tics  were  convinced  that  it  was  blood,  and  exclaimed,  Mirabilis  Deus  in  Sanctis  suis. 
Part  of  this  blood  was  sent  to  the  Archbishop, ..  the  devout  dipt  cloths  in  it,  and  the 
Cloister  was  boarded  up  so  that  the  crouds  who  flocked  there  might  behold  it  without 
entering;  and  thus  it  continued  till  it  dried  away,  ..  for  it  did  not  disappear,  as  in 
former  times,  ..  the  secret  of  the  miracle  was  lost.      Berganza.  L.2.  C  9. 

Two  hundred  Martyrs  in  one  grave  were  a  Potosi  of  relicks,  and  the  Monks  of 
Cardena  have  not  been  niggardly  of  their  stores.  Skulls  and  shin  bones  were  given 
away  so  liberally  about  the  beginning  of  the  17th  century,  and  so  many  applications  made 
for  them,  that  the  brethren  found  it  necessary  to  obtain  a  Brief  from  the  Pope,  which 
made  his  express  permission  necessary  for  such  a  gift,  .  .  except  it  were  to  a  Cathedral 
or  Collegiate  church.     />.  2.  C.^^. 

Berganza  however  was  not  contented  with  this  inexhaustible  mine.  The  history 
of  the  martyrdom  is  recorded  by  different  writers,  with  such  irreconcileable  difference 
of  date  and  circumstance,  that  he  is  persuaded  a  second  troop  of  two  hundred  were 
in  like  manner  put  to  the  sword,  some  years  after  the  first  I  L.  3.  C.  11.  And  yet  this 
author,  when  he  was  not  blinded  by  the  abominable  superstitions  of  his  church,  was  au  acute 
and  accurate  antiquary. 

Xativa.     P.    138. 
(34.)  Among  the  glories  of  this  town  of  Xativa,  Miedes  reckons  that  of  its  having  been 
the  birth-place  of  Alexander  VI,  who  by  the  grace  of  God  became  Pope!  guiado  por  la 
matio  de  Dios !  L.  14.  C.  15. 

u4hnogavares.     P.   141. 

(35.)  If  Miedes  and  Bluteau  be  right  in  the  etymology  which  they  assign  to  this 
■word,  it  may  perhaps  mean  Men  of  the  Earth.  ..i.e.  who  lay  upon  the  bare  earth. 
Moncada  however,  in  his  Expedicinn  de  los  Cutalanes  y  Aragoneses.  f.  19,  thinks  the  name 
refers  rather  to  their  origin  than  their  customs,  and  that  they  were  descended  from 
the  Avars,  as  is  affirmed  by  the  Byzantine  historian  George  Pachymer. 

In  the  Sicilian  wars  between  Pedro  the  Third  of  Aragon,  and  the  French,  a 
party  of  the  Almogavares  fell  in  with  a  large  body  of  the  enemy,  and  fled.  One  of 
them  was  taken,  and  the  French  thought  him  such  a  monster,  that  instead  of  killing 
him  they  took  him  to  tlie  Prince  of  the  Morea,  their  commander,  as  a  curiosity.  His 
dress  was  a  short  frock  girt  round  him  with  a  rope;  a  bonnet  of  undre^t  leather,  with 
buskins  and  shoes  of  the  same,  ..  and  this  was  all:  he  was  lean  and  sun  burnt,  his 
beard  long,  and  his  hair  black  and  bushy.  He  was  asked  who  he  was,  and  he  answered. 
An  Almogavar  of  the  King  of  Aragon's  army.  The  Prince,  thinking  little  of  him  because 
«f  his  wretched  appearance,  observed  that  it  was  not  possible  there  could  be  any  worth 


419 

or  courage  in  such  a  miserable,  poor,  half-savage  race,  if  they  were  all  such  as  this. 
The  Almogavar  was  offended  at  this,  and  said.  In  truth  he  thought  himself  one  of  the 
meanest  of  his  fellows ;  yet  such  as  he  was,  if  they  would  restore  him  his  weapons,  and 
any  knight  was  there  who  would  venture  to  fight  him,  armed  at  all  points  and  on  horse- 
back, he  would  undertake  the  combat,  on  condition  that  he  should  be  set  at  liberty 
if  he  were  conqueror,  or  otherwise  put  to  death.  The  Prince  expressed  so  great  a  wish  to 
gee  this  challenge  accepted  that  a  young  French  knight  presented  himself;  and  they  went 
out  to  the  field.  The  knight  couched  his  spear  and  ran  at  him, .  .he  leapt  aside  from  the 
encounter,  and  at  the  same  time  threw  his  dart  with  a  sure  aim,  and  drove  it  half  way  to 
the  hilt  in  the  horse's  breast :  the  horse  fell,  and  in  an  instant  the  Almogavar  was  upon 
his  enemy,  knife  in  hand,  had  cut  the  lace  of  his  helmet,  and  in  another  instant  would 
have  had  his  head  off,  had  not  the  Prince  interfered.  The  Prince  then  ordered  him 
to  be  clothed,  and  sent  to  Messina.  A^'hen  the  King  of  Aragon  heard  this,  he  ordered 
ten  Frenchmen  to  be  clothed,  and  sent  them  to  the  Prince,  saying.  That  for  every 
one  of  his  people  whom  he  would  set  at  liberty,  he  would  give  tea  Frenchmen  in. 
e.xchange.     Desclot.  ff.  125,  of  Cerveras  Translation. 

These  men  were  mostly  mountaineers  of  Aragon  and  Catalonia.  They  would  some- 
times pass  two  days  without  food,  and  if  nothing  else  was  to  be  had,  fed  upon  the  herbs 
c.f  the  field  :  each  man  carried  a  wallet  with  provisions,  and  flint  and  steel.     Do.  ff'^5. 

Adalides.  P.  164. 
(36.)  The  Adalides  were  people  of  great  importance  in  an  army.  They  were  the 
guides;  they  were  to  say  what  quantity  of  provision  was  to  be  taken, . .  to  show  where  wood, 
oats,  and  herbage  were  to  be  found,. .  where  scouts  were  to  be  placed,  . .  almost  they  were 
to  direct  every  inroad.  The  word  is  interpreted  in  the  Pallidas  to  mean  Guides.  No 
man  could  become  an  Adalid,  unless  he  were  appointed  to  tiie  office;  and  when  a  King  or 
other  Lord  was  about  to  appoint  one,  twelve  of  the  best  Adalides  were  to  be  convened, 
or  if  so  many  could  not  be  found,  the  number  was  made  up  by  the  best  informed  men 
at  hand,  and  they  were  sworn  to  say  whether  they  thought  the  person  proposed  possessed 
sufficient,  I.  knowledge  of  the  country  ;  2.  courage  ;  3.  good  natural  sense  ;  and  4.  honesty, 
to  qualify  him  for  the  office.  Any  person  who  undertook  it  without  this  authority  incurred 
the  penahy  of  death.  When  this  jury  had  pronounced  that  he  was  qualified,  the  Lord 
who  was  to  appoint  him  should  then  give  him  raiment,  a  sword,  a  horse,  and  armour 
both  of  iron  and  of  y«s/e*  according  to  the  custom  of  the  country.     A  Rico  Ome  who 


•  In  Note  6.  p.  227,  I  have  conjectured  annas  dc  fuste  to  mean  }hOck-armour,  .  .  not  then 
recollecting  this  passage  ;  which  evider.lly  shows  that  it  was  intended  for  service.  Perhaps  it  wa» 
made  of  reeds,  or  very  small  twigs.     The  shepherds  in  the  North  of  Portugal  wear  at  this   day 


420 

hns  knights  under  liim,  was  then  to  gird  on  his  sword,  but  the  blow  on  the  neck  was 
not  to  be  given.  Then  a  shield  was  to  be  laid  upon  the  ground,  on  which  he  was  to 
stand  .  .  and  the  King  or  Lord  who  appointed  him  drew  the  sword  and  delivered  it  into 
his  hands  ;  his  twelve  vouchers  lifted  him  on  the  shield,  with  his  face  to  the  East,  and 
he  made  two  strokes  with  the  sword,  one  upward,  the  other  athwart,  so  as  to  describe 
a  cross,  exclaiming,  I,  such-a-one,  defy  all  the  enemies  of  the  faith,  in  the  name  of  God 
and  of  my  Lord  the  King,  and  of  my  country:  and  this  he  repeated  towards  the  other 
three  quarters.  He  then  sheathed  the  sword,  and  the  King  gave  him  his  badge  of  office, 
saying,  I  permit  thee  to  be  an  Adalid  from  this  time  forward.  He  was  then  allowed 
to  bear  arms  and  banner,  and  to  eat  at  board  with  knights,  and  he  might  exercise 
authority  by  words  over  honourable  men  and  knights,  and  over  foot  soldiers  and  the 
Almoo-avar-horse,  by  deeds,  striking  them  if  they  did  amiss,  not  however  so  as  to  injure 
them.     Partida.  1.  T.  22.  L.   1.  2.  3.  4. 

One  of  the  reasons  assigned  for  these  honourable  ceremonies  at  the  creation  of  an 
Adalid  was  the  danger  to  which  he  was  exposed.  For  if  he,  or  any  of  his  sons,  were 
taken,  there  was  no  mercy  shown  him:  the  state  purchased  him  of  the  captors,  and  he  was 
delivered  up  to  the  people  to  be  cruelly  put  to  death. 

Milan-ros  de  N.  Seiiora  de  Mniitserrat.     Barcelona  1574.  Mil.  23. 

In  Barbary  every  man  of  the  district  gave  a  dobra  to  the  captor,  of  such  importance 
was  it  thouo-ht  to  destroy  them.  The  Alcayde  of  Alcacer  saved  one  for  the  sake  of  Don 
Pedro  de  Menezes,  though  he  was  often  called  upon  to  give  hiin  up.  He  represented  to 
the  people  that  the  Adalid  was  not  to  blame  in  performing  his  office,  and  bade  them 
remember  how  many  lives  their  vengeance  would  cost :  this  latter  argument  prevailed. 
Gomes  Eaniies.  Chr.  de  Don  Pedro  de  Menezes.  C.  44. 

Almocadenes.     P.   164. 

■  (37  )  These  men  were  to  the  foot-soldiers  what  the  Adalides  were  to  the  horse,  and 

were   appointed  by  the  Adalides.     Twelve  Almocadenes  vouched  for  his  qualifications, 

one  of  which  was  to  be  swift  of  foot ;  raiment  was  given   him  and  a  lance,  with  a  pennon 

of  triangular  shape  ;  he  was  elevated  upon  the  hafts  of  two  spears,  which  were  held  short 


jreat  coats  and  hoods  of  straw, . .  a  complete  covering  of  thatch.  Something  of  this  kind  may  have 
been  used  which  would  deaden  the  blow  of  a  sword.  When  Artasirus  liad  undertaken  to  stab 
the  usurper  Gontharis  at  Carthage,  he  cut  some  arrow-shafts  in  pieces,  and  fastened  the  pieces 
round  his  left  arm,  from  the  wrist  to  the  elbow,  over  the  shirt.  On  this  arm  he  received  the 
blows  which  were  made  at  him,  by  the  adherents  of  Gontharis,  and  the  arrows  saved  h  m.  Prucopius. 
A  friend  upon  casting  his  eye  over  this  sheet,  observes  to  me  iimt  fustian  has  a  tempting  similarity 
of  sound  to  fitsft,  and  that  the  linen  corselets  of  the  Saracens  and  the  cotton  ones  which  the  Spaniards 
borrow  from  the  Mexicans,  favour  such  an  interpretation. 


421 

lest  they  should  break,  and  tlien  peiFovmed  the  same  ceremony  with  his  lance  towards  the 
four  points  ot  Heaven,  as  the  Adalid  did  witli  ihe  sword.  Tliese  men  could  not  rise  to  be 
Adalides,  till  they  had  first  served  among  the  Aimogavar-horse.    Pait.  2.  Til.  22.  L.  5.  6. 

And  rnerrhaiits  came  therefrom  all  parts  to  biii/  and  to  sell.  P.  178. 
(38.)  Good  part  of  the  spoil  at  this  time  lay  in  ricli  merchandize.  In  the  wars  of 
King  Jayme  El  Conquistador  against  the  Moors,  merchants  always  followed  the  camp 
to  buy  the  plunder  and  advance  money  to  the  King.  VVIieii  he  was  besieging  Murcia, 
the  soldiers  used  to  say  they  should  soon  measure  tlie  velvets  there,  not  by  the  yard  but 
by  the  spear.     Miedes.  L.  17.  C.  6. 

Jaleucia.     P.  179. 

(39.)  Miedes.  (L.  12.  C.  I6.)  says  that  there  are  above  thirty  thousand  wells  in 
Valencia  and  its  suburbs,  and  that  they  contribute  greatly  to  preserve  the  city  from 
earthquakes  and  pestilent  vapours,  by  letting  the  mischievous  matter  escape  little  by 
little,  and  tempering  it  as  it  passes.  Los  quales  ai/udan  mucho  a  la  Jinneza  y  sanidad 
de  la  tierra,  dcfemUendoln  assi  de  terremotos  y  otras  aberturas,  corno  de  pestilentes  vapores, 
para  que  salgan  no  con  impetu  debaxo  de  la  tierra,  sino  poco  a  poco,  y  como  rosciados  y  tern- 
plados  por  los  mesmos  pozos. 

Some,  says  Beuther,  have  called  this  city  Epedrapolis, . .  the  city  founded  upon  waters, 
because  it  hath  within  it  more  than  ten  thousand  wellr ;  and  because  they  are  of  spring 
water,  they  rightly  call  them  fountains.     L.  1.  C .  9. 

According  to  fabulous  history  Valencia  was  founded  by  Romo,  the  20th  King 
from  Tubal,  and  called  after  his  name,  Rome,  in  the  days  when  Deborah  and  Barak 
were  Judges  of  Israel.     Beuther.   L.  1.  C  11. 

Mithi  idate,  that  great  mother  of  medicines,  says  Beuther,  w  hich  was  invented  by 
the  King  of  Pontus  whose  name  it  bears,  was  not  formerly  made  in  Spain,  because  the 
numerous  herbs  used  in  its  composition  were  not  found  there:  and  therefore  it  was 
brought  from  Venice.  But  for  some  years  past  it  has  been  compounded  with  great 
solemnity  in  our  city  of  Valencia  by  the  college  of  Doctors  in  Medicine,  and  by  the 
Spicers.  And  it  is  made  here  in  greater  perfection  than  in  other  parts  of  the  world, 
and  exported  from  hence  to  many  provinces.  For  in  the  territory  of  this  city  all  the 
herbs  used  in  it  are  found,  except  those  which  grow  only  in  India,  those  having  now 
been  found,  which  till  now  had  not  been  discovered  here. 

P.  186.  N.  5. 
(40.)  The  sewers  at  Valencia  were  the  work  of  Cn.  Scipio,  .  .  the  six  main  branches 
are  of  such  depth,  that  a  man  on  horseback  might  ride  through  them.     They  have  long 
been  neglected,  which  Beuther  imputes  to  the  Moors  ;  but  when  at  any  time,  either  from 


422 

chance,  or  design,  they  have  been  opened,  it  has  been  with  great  difficulty  that  the 
workmen  could  break  through  the  arch, . .  so  excellently  durable  were  the  public  works  of 
the  Romans. 

Martin  Pelaez.  P.  199- 
(41.)  In  a  privilege  of  Henrique  IV.  which  is  given  by  Berganza,  (L.  7.  C.  13,>  the 
courage  of  Martin  Pelaez  is  accounted  for  in  a  different  manner.  One  day  when  the 
Moors  and  Christians  were  fighting,  and  he  as  usual  was  in  the  rear,  he  saw  an  arrow 
strike  a  snake  in  its  hole  and  kill  it,  upon  which  he  began  to  meditate  upon  the  in- 
evitableness  of  destiny, ..  put  spurs  to  his  horse,  and  gallopped  into  the  midst  of  the 
battle.     / 

Jdelantado.     P.  QfK). 

(42.)  This,  which  is  not  a  Moorish  title,  originally  meant  Leader:  . .  the  Provincial 
Governors  are  now  thus  called.  In  Cast.lle,  Andalusia,  and  Murcia,  the  office  is  here- 
ditary. 

An  Adelantado  was  not  allowed  to  marry  any  woman  of  the  province  over  which 
he  presided,  during  iiis  office.  This  law  was  enacted  because  the  power  which  he  pos- 
sessed would  have  enabled  him  to  marry  any  woman,  against  the  will  of  her  friends, 
they  not  daring  to  refuse  him.  He  therefore  might  have  a  barraguna,  a  concubine, 
as  if  this  was  not  giving  him  greater  power  of  mischief !  but  it  did  not  affect  tlie  great 
families,  and  they  were  the  only  persons  who  were  regarded.     Part.  4.  Tit.  14.  Ley.  2. 

Juan  de  Mena,  when  celebrating  the  Adelantado  Diego  de  Ribera,  puns  upon  the 

word. 

Tu  adelantaste  virtud  con  cstado, 
Tomando  la  muerte  por  la  sancta  ley, 
Tu  adelantaste  los  reynos  al  rey 
Seyendo  le  siervo  leal  y  criado, 
Tu  adelantaste  tu  fama  finado 
En  justa  batalla  muriendo  como  hombre; 
Pues  quien  de  tal  guisa  adelanta  su  nombre 
Ved  si  merece  ser  Adelantado. 

Coplu.  192. 

They  eome  to  bring  you  a  present.     P.229. 
(43.)  Mientras  mas  Moras,  mas  ganancia,  The  more  Moors  the  more  plunder!  said 
the   Cid  upon  this  occasion,  and  the   words  became  a  proverb.      They  were  repeated 
by  that  wretch  Gonzalo  Pizarro,  when  he  marched  against  the  Viceroy  Blasco  Nunez  Vela. 

Herrera  7.  8.  10. 


425 

p.  241.  N.  11.  continued. 

(44.)  Loyalty  to  a  swperior  is  carried  to  a  more  atrocious  length  by  the  Spanish  laws 
than  I  have  seen  it  elsewhere.  A  father  holding  a  Castle  for  his  Lord,  and  being  besieged 
in  it,  and  his  provisions  gone,  was  authorized  lo  kill  and  eat  his  own  son  ! ! 

Part.  4.  Tit.  17.  Ley.  8. 

The  Partidas  (P. 2.  T.  13.  L.  1.)  speak  of  an  old  law  whereby  any  man  wtio  openly 
wished  to  see  the  King  dead,  was  condemned  to  death,  and  tlie  loss  of  all  that  he  had. 
The  utmost  mercy  to  be  shown  him  was  to  spare  his  hfe  and  pluck  out  his  eyes,  that  he 
might  never  see  with  them  what  he  had  desired.  To  defame  the  King  is  declared  as 
great  a  crime  as  to  kill  him,  and  in  like  manner  to  be  punished.  The  utmost  mercy  that 
could  be  allowed  was  to  cut  out  the  offender's  tongue.     P.  '2.  2\  13.  L-  4. 

Thet/  changed  ss:ords  before  the  King.     P.  944. 
(45.)  Berganza  quotes  Cassiodorus  to  show  that  one  form  of  adoption  was  by  giving 
arms  to  the  person  adopted.     Per  arma  Jieri  posse  Jilium,  grande  inter  ge.ntes  constat  esse 
prccconium.     Lib.  4.  Epist.  2. 

Throzcins  canes,     P.  247. 

(46.)  The  juego  de  canas  is  an  Eastern  sport. 

In  the  Atmidan  (the  old  Hippodrome)  at  Constantinople,  the  Spachies  of  the  court 
play  every  Friday  at  Giocho  di  Cunni ;  which  is  no  other  than  Prison  base  upon  horse- 
back, hitting  one  another  with  darts,  as  the  other  do  with  their  hands,  which  they  never 
throw  counter,  but  at  the  back  of  the  flyer.  Nor  is  it  the  least  contentment  to  the  , 
Christian  to  behold  the  terrible  falls  that  they  often  get  (not  rarely  costing  them  their 
lives)  whilst  by  the  wreatliing  of  their  bodies,  or  a  too  hasty  turn,  they  seek  to  avoid 
the  pursuer  :  and  sometimes  the  darts  not  lighting  in  jest  on  their  naked  necks  and  reversed 
faces.     Sandy  s  Travels.  34. 

The  military  men  in  Persia  are  constant!}'  playing  at  jureed-bazee,  which  is  throwing 
a  dart  three  cubits  long  at  a  horseman,  when  they  are  at  full  gallop.  The  person  at  whom 
it  is  thrown  either  catches  it  in  liis  hand,  or  throwing  himself  under  the  horse's  belly 
allows  it  to  fly  over  him.  This  they  perform  very  expertly  ;  which  is  by  no  means  easy 
when  we  recollect  that  the  horse  is  going  nearly  at  his  speed.  The  jiireed  comes  with 
sufficient  force  to  break  an  arm.     Waring  56. 

Bertrandon  La  Brocquiere  saw  ancuher  kind  of  xhe  juego  de  cajias  at  Constantinople, 
which  he  seems  to  have  regarded  with  great  contempt. 

They  carried  us,  he  says,  (P.  232,)  lo  see  a  feast  given  on  account  of  the  marriage 
of  one  of  the  Emperor's  relations.  There  was  a  tournament  after  the  manner  of  the 
country,  but  which  appeared  very  strange  to  me  :  I  will  describe  it.  In  the  middle  of 
a  square  they  had  planted,  hke  to  a  quinlany,  a  large  pole,  to   which  was  fastened  a 


424 

plank  tliree  feet  wide,  and  five  feet  long.  Forty  cavaliers  advanced  to  tliis  spot,  without 
any  arms  or  armour  whatever  but  a  short  slick.  They  at  first  amused  themselves  by 
running  after  each  other,  which  lasted  for  about  hah  an  hour;  tlien  from  sixty  to  four- 
score rods  of  akler  were  brought,  of  the  thickness  and  length  of  those  we  use  for  thatch- 
ing. The  bridegroom  first  took  one,  and  set  off  fuh  gallop  toward  the  plank,  to  break 
it:  as  it  shook  in  his  hand  he  broke  it  witli  ease,  when  shouts  of  joy  resounded,  and  the 
instruments  of  music,  namely  nacaires,  like  those  of  the  Turks,  began  to  play.  Each  of 
the  other  cavaliers  broke  his  wand  in  the  same  manner.  Then  the  bridegroom  tied  two 
of  them  together,  which  in  truth  were  not  too  strong,  and  broke  them  without  being 
wounded.     Thus  ended  the  feast,  and  every  one  returned  to  his  home  safe  and  sound. 

Turkish  exercises  were  at  this  time  (1433)  the  fashion  in  Constantinople.  I  saw,  says 
La  Brocquiere,  the  brother  of  the  Emperor,  the  Despot  of  the  Morea,  exercising  himself 
in  the  Hi|)podrome  with  a  score  of  other  iiorsemen.  Each  had  a  bow,  and  they  gallopped 
along  the  inclosure,  throwing  their  hats  before  them,  which  when  they  had  passed  they 
shot  at ;  and  he  who  with  his  arrow  pierced  his  hat,  or  was  nearest  to  it,  was  esteemed 
the  most  expert.  This  exercise  they  had  adopted  from  the  Turks,  and  was  one  of  which 
they  were  endeavouring  to  make  themselves  masters.     P.  225. 

j4  court  yard  zchere  there  was  a  wine-press.     P.  2.51. 
(47.)  It  is  only  in  the  Poem  tliat  the   place  into  which  Diego  leapt  is  described  as 
containing  a  wine  press:  the  Chronicles  speak  vaguely,  ..and  the  Ballad-writer  had  evi- 
dently very  different  filth  in  his  view. 


Pregunto  por  sus  dos  yernos, 
Bermudo  le  respondio, 
del  uno  os  dare  recaudo 
que  aqui  se  agacho,  por  ver 
si  el  leon  es  fenibra  o  macho. 
Alii  entro  Martin  Pelaez 
aquel  temido  Asturiano, 
diziendo  a  vozes,  Seiior 
albricias,  ya  lo  han  sacado. 


El  Cid  le  replico,  a  quicn  ? 
el  respondio,  al  otro  hermano, 
que  se  sumio  de  pavor 
do  no  se  sumiera  el  diablo. 
Miralde  senor  do  viene, . . 
empero  fazeys  a  un  lado, 
que  aveys  para  estar  par  del 
meuester  un  encensario. 

Escobar.  Rom.  62. 


This  writer  was  ignorant  of  the  vaults  of  Valencia.  They  were  Roman  works,  and 
the  Spaniards  have  not  yet  learnt  to  imitate  them.  Madrid  is  less  offensive  than  Edin» 
burgh  formerly  was,  but  liable  to  the  same  reproach. 


425 

And  he  lifted  up  his  voice.     P.  25 1 . 

(48.)  Aqui  dio  una  voz  el  Cid,  y  lievolo  a  la  leonera, 

a  quien  coino  por  milagro  faziendole  mil  lialagos. 

se  humillo  la  bestia  fiera,  Aturdido  esta  el  geiitio 

huinildosa  y  coleando.  viendo  lo  tal,  no  contando 

Agradecioseio  el  Cid  que  ambos  eran  Leones 

y  al  cuello  le  echo  los  brazos,  mas  el  Cid  era  mas  bravo. 

Escobar.  Rom,  62. 

Danger  knows  full  well 
That  Caesar  is  more  dangerous  than  he. 
We  are  two  lions,  litter'd  in  one  day. 
And  I  the  elder  and  more  terrible. 

Flecknoe  has  two  linesvvhich  bear  some  resemblance  to  the  Ballad  ;  they  are  addressed 
to  Prince  Rupert,  on  his  naval  victory  over  the  Dutch,  in  1665. 

The  Belgick  Lyon  stands  amazed  to  see 
A  greater  Lyon  than  itself  in  thee. 

The  Lion.     P.  251. 

(49.)  Juan  II.  as  they  say,  says  the  Comendador  Fernan  Nunez,  had  a  tame  Lion,  on 
which  he  placed  his  feet  when  he  was  seated  on  the  throne.  As  this  Lion  was  fed  from 
the  King's  own  table  he  grew  so  fat,  that  going  one  day  in  a  cart  from  Madrid  to 
Alcala  de  Henares,  he  died  on  the  way  with  heat.     Glosa  sobre  Las  Trezientas. 

If  there  be  any  truth  in  the  first  part  of  this  tradition,  we  may  be  sure  the  Lion  had 
liad  both  his  teeth  and  his  claws  under  the  hands  of  the  Barber,  to  qualify  him  for  tlie 
place  of  Pedifer.  But  1  suspect  the  story  lias  no  other  foundation  than  the  allegorical 
representation  of  this  King  in  the  Trezientas. 

Al  nuestro  Rey  magno  y  bienaventurado 
Vi  sobre  todos  en  muy  firme  siila, 
Digno  de  reyno  mayor  que  Castilla, 
Velloso  leon  a  sus  pies  por  estrado. 

Copla  221. 

The  ivory  seat.     P.  284. 
(50.)  Henrique  III.  one  day  saw  his  brother  silting,  in  sport,  in  tiie  chair  of  au- 
dience; ..Fernando  immediately  rose  when  he  perceived   him.     The  King  ordered  the 
chair  to  be  thrown  out  of  the  window,  and  aaid  to.  the  Infante,  Thank  me,  Sir,  that  1  have 

3  I 


426 

not  had  you  thrown  with  it !  From  that  time  the  seat  of  the  chair  of  audience  was  always 
turned  towards  the  wall,  and   this  law  of  the  palace  became  the  fashion  of  the  nobles. 

Gil  Gonzalez  Davita,  Hist,  del  lies/  Don  Henrique.  III.  P.  10. 
In   Palmerin  de   Oliia,  (C  44.)  the  King  of  Hungary  conceives  a  mortal  hatred 
a"-ainst  his  brother,  because  he  saw  him  one  day  sitting  in  the  royal  seat. 

"  Then  the  Sage  Urganda  ordered  royal  seats  to  be  brought,  such  as  in  those  days 
Emperors  and  Kings  were  wont  to  take  about  with  them,  which  were  all  covered  with 
gold  right  cunningly  wrought,  and  set  with  many  stones  and  pearls  of  great  price. 
And  this  was  done  that  great  personages,  though  they  might  peradventure  equal  them 
in  their  garments  miglit  not  in  their  seats,  which  gave  them  great  authority  ;  and  thereby 
they  were  known  by  strangers  who  entered  their  royal  palaces,  even  though  no  advise- 
ment were  given."     Esptandian,  C.  183. 

Sir  John  Finett,  Master   of  the  Ceremonies  to  James  and  Charles  I.  left  behind 
him,  "  soiue  Choice  Observations   touching  the  Reception  and  Precedence,  the  Treat- 
ment and  Audience,  the  Puutillios  and   Contests   of  Forren   Ambassadors  in  England," 
which  Howell  published  under  the  title  of  Finetti  Philoxenis.     That    any    man   should 
have  lived  about  such  a  court  in  such  times,   and  have  left  stich  memoirs  of  it,  is  truly 
surprizing.      A  passage  which    shows  that  chairs    and   stools    were  as  great  objects   of 
discussion   in   those   days  as  they  were  in  the  reign   of  King   Don    Alfonso,   is  a   good 
specimen  of  the  book.  ..  Sir  John,  who  had  a  true  genius  for  the  worthy  office  which 
he  held    had  been  sent  in   the  King's  name  to  invite  the  French  Ambassador  to   the 
marriao-e   of  the  Lady  Jane   Dromond,  which  was  to  be  solemnized  the  next  day,   at 
Somerset  House ;  and  after  many  diplomatic  difficulties   the  point  seemed  to  be  settled 
that  "  the  Ambassador  would  (postponing  all  other  considerations)  be  there  both  dinner 
and  supper.     With  this  signification  I  returned  to  the   Lord  Lysle  (Lord  Chamberlaine 
to  the  Queene)  who  communicated  it  to  the  Earl  of  Worcester,  Master  of  her  Majesties 
Horse,  that  he  might  convey  it  to  her  Majesty,  as  he  should  go  with   her  in  a  coach 
from  Whitehall  to  Somerset  House.     It  hung  yet  in  intention  when  the  Ambassador's 
Secretary  came  to  me  from  his   Lord,  with   a  further   exception,  that,   howsoever  the 
Queen  were  pleased  that  he  should  be  present  both  dinner  and  supper,  he  would  be  bold 
to  prefer  this  condition  to  her  allowance,  that  he  might  not  sit  upon  a  stool,  but  in  a 
chair,    in  the  same  manner  as  the  Bride  should  be  seated.    I  answered,  I  thought  that 
would  be  a  matter  of  no  great  difficulty.     But  how  (quoth  I)  if  the  Prince  be  there,  and 
have  but  a  stool  to  sit  on  ?  If  my  Lord  Ambassador  were  sure  of  that,  replied  the  Secre- 
tary, I  presuiue  he  would  make  no  further  question,  but  in  all  bear  his  Highness  company. 
To  be  resolved  of  this,  I  went  at  his  request  to  my  Lord  Lysle,  my  Lord  Worcester, 
and  my  Lord  Carew  Vice  Chamberlain,  whom  I  found  altogether ;  and  having  assurance 
from  them  of  the  Prince  his  presence  with  the   Bride  at  dinner,  and  requesting  their 
Lordships,  (as  the  Secretary   desired  me)  that  they  would  not  trouble  the  Queen  any 


427 

further  coaceruing  the  Ambassador  till  the  Secretary  had  been  with  him,  and  returned 
with  his  final  satisfaction,  he  repaired  that  evening  to  my  Lord  Lysie,  and  propounding 
the  same  demand  of  a  chair,  as  he  had  done  to  me  in  the  afternoon,  ii  was  resolved 
the  should  have  one  with  the  Prince:  and  so  ended  that  difference.  The  next  day 
he  came,  and  the  Bride  (seated  at  the  table's  end,  which  was  placed  cross  at  the  upper  end 
of  the  hall)  had  the  Prince  at  her  left  hand,  as  the  belter  place  neerest  the  wall,  (his 
Hicrhness  sitting  with  his  right  hand  uppermost) on  her  rigiit  the  Ambassador,  both  iu 
chairs,  and  opposite  to  him,  beneath  the  Prince  in  a  little  distance,  sate  on  a  stool  a 
Duke  of  Saxony,  here  at  that  time  to  visit  his  majesty."     P.  17. 

For  the  PimtilUos  of  an  Ambassador  Sir  John  had  all  imaginable  respect.  But 
when  one  of  the  King's  Gentlemen  Ushers  objected  to  a  guest's  sitting  on  a  stool  at  the  end 
of  the  table  iu  the  Council  Chamber,  "  as  being,  he  said,  irregular  and  unusual,  that  place 
being  ever  wont  to  be  reserved  empty  for  state ;"  . .  This,  says  Sir  John,  as  a  superstition 
of  a  Gentleman  Usher's,  was  neglected.     P.   35. 

They  must  needs  make  restitution.     P.  292. 

(51 .)  S-ponsalitia  lurgitas  is  as  much  as  to  say  in  the  romance  tongue.  The  gift  which 
the  man  giveth  to  his  espoused,  or  she  to  him,  freely  without  condition,  before  the  mar- 
riage. And  notwithstanding  such  a  gift  as  this  is  given  without  condition,  it  must 
alway  be  understood,  that  lie  who  receives  it  ought  to  return  it,  if  by  his  fault  the  mar- 
riage is  not  comp'eated.  But  if  peradventure  it  should  not  be  compleated  by  reason 
of  the  death  of  one  of  the  parties,  in  that  case  there  shall  be  this  difference.  If  the  spouse 
who  made  the  gift  shall  have  died  before  he  kissed  his  espoused,  then  all  that  which  he 
gave  ought  to  be  returned  to  his  heirs.  But  if  he  had  kissed  her,  the  half  only  is  to 
be  returned,  and  the  other  half  remains  to  her.  And  if  it  should  happen  that  the 
espoused  hath  given  a  gift  to  her  spouse  (a  thing  which  seldom  happeneth  because 
women  are  naturally  covetous  and  avaricious)  and  she  die  before  the  marriage,  then 
in  such  a  case,  whether  they  have  kissed  or  not,  the  thing  given  ought  to  be  returned  to 
her  heirs.  And  the  leason  by  which  the  wise  ancients  were  moved  to  give  this  different 
judgment  respecting  these  gifts  is  this:  ..  because  the  espoused  gives  the  kiss  to  her 
spouse,  and  it  is  not  understood  that  she  receives  it  from  hira.  Moreover  when  the 
spouse  receives  the. kiss,  he  hath  pleasure  therein  and  is  glad,  and  the  espoused  remain- 
eth  abashed.     Part.  4.   Tit.   II.  Lei/ 3. 

By  old  custom,  a  hidalgo  might  give  his  wife  at  the  time  of  marriage,  and  before 
the  vow,   a  marriage-gift;    which  was  to   be  una  piel  de*   abortones,  made  very  full. 


*  I  take  this  to  be  a  dress  oi unborn  Lambs-skin.    Abes  was  the  name  of  the  skin,  . .  one  manu- 
-Bcript  says  oJ]is. 


428 

and  with  three  trimmings  of  gold  :  this  dress  was  to  be  so  large  that  a  knight  in  armour 
might  go  in  at  one  sleeve,  and  out  at  another,  . .  a  fashion  which  refers  to  tlie  ceremony 
of  adoption.  A  mule  with  its  caparisons,  a  silver  cup,  and  a  female  Moor,  were  also  to  be 
given.     In  later  times  all  this  was  commuted  for  one  thousand  maravedis. 

Dona  Elvira,  niece  to  the  Arcidiano  Don  Matheo  de  Burgos,  and  daughter  of  Ferran 
Rodrigues  de  Villarmentero,  had  been  espoused  to  a  knight,  and  received  from  him  gar- 
ments and  girdles  and  a  mule,  as  the  marriage  gift.  The  marriage  was  broken  off,  and  he 
reclaimed  tliem.  This  discourteous  demand  came  before  Don  Diego  Lope  de  Faro,  then 
Adelantado  of  Castille,  and  the  knight  and  the  lady's  uncle  pleaded  in  person.  The 
Adelantado  pronounced  that  if  the  Lady  would  affirm  that  after  the  espousals  she  had 
kissed  and  embraced  the  knight,  the  gift  should  be  adjudged  to  her,  otherwise  it  must 
be  returned.  Dona  Elvira  would  not  affirm  this,  and  lost  the  property  ;  and  this  story 
is  registered  as  a^fazana  of  Castilie,  to  be  a  precedent.     Fuero  f'iejo.  L.  5,  T.  1.  L.  2.  4. 

And  he  loosed  his  beard.     P.  302. 

(52.)  The  Cid  seems  to  have  drest  his  beard  in  this  extraordinary  manner  on 
no  other  occasion,  and  it  is  not  apparent  why  he  should  have  done  so  now. 

A  fashion  of  twisting  the  beard  with  threads  of  gold  is  mentioned  in  Romance. 
When  the  knight  of  the  Burning  Sword  comes  to  the  Defended  Mountain,  "  going  over 
the  bridge  he  saw  at  a  window  of  the  Castle  which  looked  towards  the  sea  two  knights 
playing  at  chess,  the  one  not  so  tall  as  the  other,  nor  so  large-limbed  ;  both  were  above 
fifty  years  of  age,  and  both  attired  in  black  ;  the  lesser  knight  had  his  hair  and  beard 
so  long  that  they  hung  down  below  his  girdle,  and  they  were  fiUetted  with  threads  of 
gold:  presently  he  judged  by  the  appearance  of  this  knight  that  it  must  be  the  King  of 
Jerusalem,  as  the  truth  was."     Ainadisde  Grecia.  P.  1.  C.  Q. 

In  the  same  Romance,  P.  2.  C  124,  the  monster  Furior  Cornelio  has  his  beard 
threaded  with  gold  in  the  same  manner,  and  his  hair  also  in  tufts.  La  barva  avia  large  y 
tran^ada  eon  cuerdas  de  oro,y  assi  mesnio  los  cabellos  a  guedejus. 

Our  Athelstan  twisted  golden  threads  with  his  hair  (Turner's  Hist,  of  the  Anglo  Saxons, 
B.  6.  C.  3).  Caramansa  the  negro  King,  who  gave  the  Portugueze  permission  to 
settle  where  St.  Jorge  da  Mina  now  stands,  had  his  beard  platted  with  gold  wire. 

Barros,  L,  3.  C.  1. 

Yepes  supposes  that  they  had  two  names.     P.  312. 

53.)  This  opinion  that  the  Cid's  daughters  had  two  names,  or  at  least  that  they 

bore  at  one  time  the  names  by  which  they  are  called  in  the  Poem,  and   in  all   the  old 

Historians,  derives   some  confirmation  from  the  fact  that  a  daughter  of  Dona  Elvira 

bore  the  same  name,  which  had  never  been  known  in  the  royal  house  of  Navarre  before. 


429 

and  which  P.  Moret,  the  laborious  historian  of  that  country,  supposes  therefore  to  liave 
been  introduced  by  her  mother.    Invsstig.  L.  3,  C.  5.   Bcrganza.  5.27.  |  331. 

Romance  writers  have  not  exaggerated  the  iielpless  state  of  women. 

Alonso  II.  of  Aragon  sent  to  ask  in  marriage  the  daughter  of  the  Greek  Emperor 
Manuel ;  his  proposal  was  accepted,  and  the  Princess,  escorted  by  two  Archbishops  and 
two  Nobles  of  the  empire,  set  out  for  Spain.  U'hen  they  arrived  at  Montpellier,  they 
learnt  that  Alonso  had  already  married  the  Infanta  of  Castille,  upou  which  they  made 
their  complaint  to  Guillen  the  Lord  of  that  place,  and  asked  him  what  they  shoidd  do. 
Guillen  called  his  Council,  and  their  advice  was  that  he  should  marry  the  Princess 
whether  she  liked  it  or  not.  It  was  in  vaiu  that  she  and  all  her  retinue  protested 
against  this  violence,  and  the  inequality  of  the  match,  :.  the  gales  were  shut,  the  cit\' 
up  in  arms;  she  was  forced  to  consent,  having  no  power  to  refuse,  and  the  marriage 
was  celebrated,  says  Miedes,  by  the  grace  of  the  Holy  Ghost ! 

The  Lord  of  Montpellier  was  as  little  bound  by  the  laws  of  marriage  as  he  had 
been  by  those  of  common  honour  and  hospitaUty;  As  soon  as  he  was  tired  of  his  Greek 
wife  he  married  another  woman.  The  daughter  of  the  Princess  however  recovered  her 
inheritance,  and  was  the  mother  of  King  Jayme  El  Conquistador. 

Hist,  del  Rey  Don  Jayme  el  Conq.por  el  M.  Bernardino  Gomez  Miedes.  L.  1.  C.  3.  4.  5- 
The  most  curious  ?j>ecimen  which  I  have  ever  seen  of  barbarous  manners  towards  women 
occurs  in  the  Mabinogion.  It  is  the  adviceof  a  Welsh  INIother  to  her  son,  Peredur,  the  hero 
of  the  tale.  "  Now  hear :  If  by  chance  thou  comest  by  a  church,  therechaunt  thy  pater- 
nosten  When  thou  seest  victuals  and  drink,  to  satisfy  thy  appetite,  help  thyself  thereto. 
If  thou  shouldest  hear  a  cry  of  distress,  go  and  know  the  cause;  but  in  particular  if  it  is 
the  voice  of  a  female.  Should  any  precious  jewel  attract  thy  eyes,  take  it ;  and  bestow 
on  others  also;  thus  shalt  thou  acquire  fame.  If  thou  beholdest  a  beautifnl  woman,  con- 
cubinize  her,  though  she  seem  cot/;  thcu  wilt  be  a  better  man,  and  thy  prosperity  will 
thus  be  heightened.  From  Mr,  Owen's  MS.  Translation. 

And  he  asked  whether,  among  those  things  there  was  aught  which  had  belonged  to  the  person  of 

the  Soldan.  P.  3]?. 
(54.)  Sir,  said  the  Ambassadors  of  the  Old  Man  of  the  Mountain,  to  King  St.  Louis, 
we  say  to  you  on  the  part  of  our  Lord,  that  as  the  shirt  is  the  garment  which  is  nearest 
the  body,  therefore  he  sends  you  his  shirt,  which  you  see  here,  in  token  that  you  are  the 
only  Prince  in  the  world  whom  he  most  desires  to  love  and  to  serve ;  . .  and  for  a  farther 
assurance  you  see  this  ring  which  he  sendeth  ;  it  is  of  pure  gold,  and  his  name  is  graven 
thereon.  With  this  ring  our  master  weddeth  j'ou,  in  token  that  henceforth  you  shall 
be  like  the  fingers  of  his  hand. 

Joimille  in  the  Collection  XJniterselle  des  Memoires  Pariiculiers 
relatifs  a  Thistoire  de  France.  T.  2.  P.  60. 


430 

A  garment  belonging  to  h]s  own  person  was  one  of  the  presents  which  Sebastian  sent 
to  a  BiazilirtU  Chief  who  had  dislingulshed  himselt  in  liis  service  ag.iins:  the  I'l;  iich. 

f' asconcellos.  Clir.de  Cuinp.  1j.3.\  134. 

Book  XI.   P.   3-S. 

(55.)  ThePoem,  after  relating  the  second  marriageof  the  Cid's  daughters,  mentions  his 
death  and  conciuties.  It  was  therefore  written  belbre  the  story  of  his  removal  from  Valencia 
was  invented  ;  and  all  the  circumstances  of  that  removal  aie  ceriaiidy  fictitious.  Valencia 
was  retained  five  years  after  his  death.  Berganza  labours  to  find  some  truth  in  the 
story,  .  .  but  the  silence  of  the  Poem  would  be  decisive  against  it,  were  there  no  other 
reasons  for  disbelief". 

Perhaps  a  remarkable  part  of  this  fiction  was  borrowed  from  the  story  of  Bernardo  del 
Carpio,  .  .  the  readers  of  Romance  are  better  acquainted  with  the  name  of  this  hero  than 
with  his  history. 

Bernardo  was  the  only  child  of  a  secret  marriage,  between  Count  Sandias  de  Sal- 
daua,  and  Ximena,  sister  to  Alfonso  the  Chaste.  As  soon  as  the  King  discovered  the 
marriage,  he  put  Count  Sandias  in  irons,  and  imprisoned  him  in  the  Tower  of  Lunia, 
vovvina  that  he  should  never  be  delivered  ;  his  sister  he  forced  into  a  convent :  .  .  but  he 
took  the  child  and  bred  him  up,  and  loved  him  as  if  he  had  been  his  own  son  ;  and  Bernardo 
knew  not  who  were  his  parents. 

Alfonso  had  formerly  requested  aid  of  Charlemagne  against  the  Moors,  and  having 
no  issue,  promised  him  the  succession;  but  when  his  nobles  understood  v\  iiat  he  had 
done  they  advised  him  to  annul  the  treaty,  or  they  would  drive  him  from  his  kingdv^m  ; 
for  they  would  rather  die  than  become  the  slaves  of  France.  He  necessarily  yielded. 
Charlemagne  was  incensed  against  him^  and  threatened  him  with  his  utmost  vengeance 
unless  he  immediately  became  his  vassal.  Bernardo,  who  had  been  the  most  zealous  to 
preserve  the  liberty  of  his  country,  obtained  assistance  from  Marsil  the  Moorish  King  of 
Zaragoza  ;  the  French  invaded  Spain,  and  the  battle  of  Roncesvalles  was  fought,  in 
which  Charlemagne  himself  escaped  ;  all  his  peerage  fell,  and  Roland,  the  noblest  of  all, 
by  Bernardo's  hand. 

Some  kinsmen  of  Sandias  let  Bernardo  know  who  v,as  his  father,  and  how  he  was 
imprisoned.  As  soon  as  he  heard  it,  the  blood  in  his  body  turned,  and  he  put  on  mourn- 
ino-  garments  and  went  to  the  King,  and  besought  him  to  release  his  father.  Alfonso 
refused  ; ..  many  times  afterwards,  when  Bernardo  saved  him  in  danger,  he  promised  to  grant 
this  request,  and  as  often  broke  his  promises:  till  at  last  Bernardo  renounced  liis  allegiance, 
and  being  then  banished,  made  war  upon  Leon.  During  the  two  succeeding  reigns  he  is 
not  mentioned.  When  Alfonso  the  Great  succeeded,  he  did  him  good  service  against 
the  MoOrs,  and  after  every  success  demanded  his  father's  liberty,  which  the  King,  like 
his   Uncle  before  him,  often  promised  but  never  would  grant.     Bernardo   at  last    took 


431 

arms  in  despair  ;  he  fortified  the  Castle  of  Carpio,  from  whence  his  name  has  been  ffivcn 
him,  and  leagued  with  the  Moors:  many  knights  also  joined  him,  from  the  country 
round  Benevente  and  Toro  and  Ziimora.  Alfonso  besieged  him  in  his  Castle.  Bernardo 
ever  acting  more  generously  tlian  experience  warranted^  released  two  Counts  whom  he 
had  taken  prisoner,  and  required  his  father  in  exchange;  the  reasonable  demand  was 
refused  ;  he  sallied,  routed  the  besiegers,  and  plundered  the  royal  camp.  But  this  war 
proved  so  destructive  that  the  men  of  the  land  gathered  together,  and  came  before 
the  King,  and  insisted  that  Count  Sandias  should  be  released.  He  was  compelled  to 
yield,  and  bound  himself  to  deliver  him  up  to  Bernardo  in  exchange  for  the  Castle  of 
Carpio,  Bernardo  without  hesitation  gave  up  his  strong  hold,  . .  the  King  sent  to  release 
his  father,  but  the  knights  who  went  to  the  Tower  of  Lunia  to  deliver  him,  found  him 
dead. 

When  Alfonso  heard  this  he  commanded  them  to  dress  the  body  in  rich  garments, 
and  place  it  on  horseback  as  if  it  were  living,  and  so  bring  it  to  Salamanca.  As  they  drew 
nigh  the  city,  the  king  and  Bernardo  rode  out  to  meet  them  ;  and  when  Bernardo  saw 
his  father  approaching,  he  exclaimed,  O  God,  . .  is  Count  Sandias  of  Saldaua  indeed 
coming  ?  . .  Look  where  he  is,  replied  the  cruel  King,  and  now  go  and  greet  him  whom  vou 
have  so  long  desired  to  see  !  Bernardo  went  forward,  and  took  his  father's  hand  to  kiss 
it;  but  when  he  felt  the  dead  weight  of  the  hand,  and  saw  the  livid  face  of  the  corpse, 
he  cried  aloud  and  said.  Ah  Don  Sandias,  in  an  evil  hour  didst  thou  beget  me  !  ihou 
art  dead,  and  I  have  given  my  strong  hold  for  thee,  and  now  I  have  lost  all.  Alfonso 
immediately  banished  him,  and  nothing  is  related  of  his  after  fortune. 

Cor.  Gen.  J'.  30.  33.  36.45.  Rod.  ToL  L.  4.  C.  9.  10.  15. 
Bernardo  del  Carpio  is  one  of  the  personages  whom  Ferreras  would  annihilate,  .  . 
which  is  as  unreasonable  as  it  would  be  to  believe  all  that  the  ballad-makers  have  sung 
concerning  him.  The  main  difficulty  of  his  history  is  obviated  if  the  authority  of  those 
chronicles  be  admitted,  which  affirm  that  the  French  suffered  a  second  defeat  in  Ronces- 
valles,  under  Charles  the  Bald. 

I  have  two  heroic  poems  of  which  he  is  the  hero.  Las  Hazanas  del  invincible 
Cavallero  Sernaldo  de  Carpio,  por  August  in  Alonso,  Toledo  1585  ;  and  Espana  DeJ'endida, 
de  Christoval  Suarez  de  Figueroa,  Madrid  l6l2.  Both  these  are  designed  as  continuations 
of  the  Orlando  Furioso.  There  is  another  poem  upon  the  same  subject  by  Bernardo 
de  Balbuena,  which  I  have  never  seen,  but  which  after  two  centuries  of  neglect  is  now 
obtaining  a  late,  and  probably  therefore  a  deserved  reputation. 

Balsam.  P.  331. 
(56.)  With  this  balm  or  balsam,  some  sort  of  superstition  seems  to  have  been  always 
connected.     At  Cairo  it  was    said  that  the  trees  grew  nowhere  but  in  one  garden  about 
a  league  from  that  city,   where  was  the  fountain  in   which  the  Virgin  had  washed  the 


432 

cloaths  of  her  blessed  son,  and  where  a  lamp  was,  three  centuries  ago,  kept  burning  to 
her  honour  in  the  hollow  of  an  old  fig  tree,  which  had  served  them  for  a  place  of  shelter. 

Jtenerario  de  Antonio  Tenreiro.  C.  42; 

The  Armenian  Patriarch  pretended  to  make,  or  rather  increase  it,  by  miracle.  An 
altar  was  raised  in  the  fields,  seven  carpets  were  laid  upon  it,  and  on  thcin  a  large 
vessel  was  placed,  containing  many  fiovvers.  Alter  long  |)rayers  a  small  quantity  of 
balm  from  Cairo  was  given  the  Patriarch,  who  pouied  it  ori  the  flowers,  and  put  St. 
Gregory's  arm  into  the  vessel,  and  bega.i  praying  again.  Immediately  the  whole  began 
to  boil  up  and  froth,  . .  the  scum  was  distributed  among  the  beiiolders,  and  the  Patriarch 
kept  the  rest  as  a  treasure.  This  miracle  was  never  performed  by  a  Patriarch  more  than 
once  in  his  life;     Teweiro.  C.  20. 

An  Arabian  superstition  concerning  it  is  noticed  in  T'lalaba.  B.  9.  Zarate  (L.  1.  C  4.) 
had  perhaps  the  story  of  tiie  Cid  in  his  ihougins  v\hfn  he  said  of  a  Peruvian  balsam,  tiiat 
if  a  corpse  were  anomied  witii  it,  ai»d  some  of  it  poured  down  the  throat,  the  body  would 
never  corrupt. 

The  second  victory  over  King  Bucar.  P.  336. 
(57.)  This  second  victory  is  manifestly  the  first  toid  over  again,  as  a  fit  conclusion 
to  such  a  life.  The  number  of  kings  who  came  in  Bucar's  army  will  not  appear 
improbable,  if  it  be  recollected  how  vague  the  title  is.  Royalets  swarm  in  the  barbarous 
ages  of  society.  Joshua  smote  one  and  thirty,  .  .  and  if  the  present  Scourge  of  God  goes 
on  multiplying  them  as  he  has  hitherto  done,  we  may  live  to  see  them,  in  the  day  of 
deliverance,  hung  up  by  half-dozens  all  over  the  Continent,  as  they  were  formerly  in 
Caaaaiii 

The  tomb  of  Dona  Ximena.     P.  562. 

(58.)  When  the  French  were  in  Spain  during  the  last  war,  nothing  excited  their 
curiosity  till  they  came  to  Burgos  and  heard  that  Chiniene  was  buried  at  Cardena:  but 
then  every  day  pailies  were  made,  who  visited  her  lomo,  and  spouted  over  it  passage* 
from   Corneille. 

The  reader  will  not  be  displeased  to  see  what  is  known  of  the  companions  of  the 
Cid.  Alvar  Fafiez  was  made  Governor  of  Toledo,  one  of  the  most  important  posts 
in  the  Kingdom:  he  was  killed  by  the  people  of  Segovia  in  1114,  but  on  what  occasion 
's  not  related.  [Bergunza  L.  G.  l.§32.)  His  tomb  is  shown  at  Cardeila,  with  those 
of  Pero  Bermudez,  Alvar  Salvadores,  Martin  Antolinez,  and  Martin  Pelaez  the  Asturian. 
Their  arms  are  on  the  tombs,  but  they  who  placed  them  there  did  not  know  that 
armorial  bearings  were  not  used  in  Spain  till  after  the  days  of  the  Cid.  "That  good 
Christian"  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo,  was  a  native  of  Periguex  in  France,  and  after 
thei  abandonment  of  Valencia  was  made  Bishop  of  Zamora,  and  then  of  Salamanca, 


433 

where  he  lies  buried  in  his  Cathedral.  In  l607  his  grave  was  opened,  at  a  time 
when  some  repairs  were  making  in  (hat  part  of  the  church  ;  his  ring  was  then  found 
having  this  inscription,  Hierouymus  Episcopiis  Servus  Dei  Fidelis.  A  sweet  savour 
proceeded  from  his  remains :..  he  is  in  the  odour  of  sanctity,  and  the  dust  from 
his  grave  cures  agues.  The  crucifix  which  he  used  to  carry  in  battle  woriis  miracles^ 
Yepes  takes  some  trouble  to  persuade  us  that  the  Bishop  Don  Hieronymo  carried 
nothing  but  this  crucifix  in  battle,  and  that  he  only  went  to  assist  the  soldiers  with  spiritual 
weapons;  but  it  is  wronging  the  memory  of  "  that  Perfect  One  with  the  shaven  crown," 
to  deny  that  he  fought  with  both  hands,  and  added  works  to  his  faith. 


3  K 


i 

I 


APPENDIX. 


The  following  translated  extracts  from  the  Poem  a  del  Cid  may  serve  to 
v'vce  an  idea  of  the  style  of  language  and  metre,  and  of  the  species  of  poetical 
merit  tvhich  belongs  to  the  Poem.  They  have  been  obligingly  covimunicated  to  me 
by  a  Gentleman  well  acquainted  with  the  Spanish  language.  I  have  never  seen 
any  other  translation  which  so  perfectly  reptxsmts  the  manner^  character,  and 
spirit  of  its  original. 


S8o Southey    (Robert)    Chronicles    of     the     Cid,     Rodrigo     Diaz     de    Bivar,    The 

Campeador,  an  appendix  containing  poetry  of  The  Cid,  by  J.  H.  Frere,  and  map  of 
Spain  and  Portugal,  ist  edn,  410,  old  calf  (requires  rebacking  only  to  make  a  col- 
lector's copy),  1808  6s 


ARGUMENT. 

The  Cid  being  driven  into  banishment  by  the  intrigues  of  his  enemies,  is  accom- 
panied by  sereral  of  his  friends  and  followers  ;  for  whom  he  undertakes  to  provide 
by  carrying  on  a  predatory  "war  against  the  JMoors.  In  the  course  of  their  adven- 
tures they  surprize  the  Castle  of  Alcocer,  but  are  soon  after  surrounded  and 
besieged  by  a  superior  army.  After  some  difference  of  opinion,  the  Cid  yields  to 
the  wishes  of  his  followers,  and  determines  upon  a  sally,  which  is  successful. 


They  fain  would  sally  forth,     but  he  the  noble  Cid 

Accounted  it  as  rashness,     and  constantly  forbid. 

The  fourth  week  was  beginning,     the  third  already  past, 

The  Cid  and  his  companions     they  are  now  agreed  at  last. 

"  The  water  is  cut  oti",     the  bread  is  well  nigh  spent, 

"  To  allow  us  to  depart  by  night     the  Moors  will  not  consent. 

"  To  combat  with  them  in  the  field    our  numbers  are  but  few. 


Mcsnadas  de  mio  Cid  exir  querien  a  la  batalla. 

EI  que  en  buen  ora  nasco  finne  gelo  vedaba. 

Tobierongela  en  cerca  complidas  tres  semanas : 

A  cabo  de  tres  semanas  la  quarta  qiierie  entrar, 

Mio  Cid  con  los  sos  tornos'  a  acordar  : 

"  El  agua  nos  ban  vedada,  exir  nos  ha  el  pan  : 

"  Que  nos  queramos  ir  de  noch,  non  nos  lo  consiatran! 

"  Grandes  son  los  poderes  por  con  ellos  lidiar: 


438 

"  Gentlemen  tell  me  your  minds,     what  do  you  think  to  do?" 

Minaya  Alvar  Faiiez     answer'd  him  again, 

"  We  are  come  here  from  fair  Castile     to  live  like  banish'd  men. 

"  There  are  here  six  hundred  of  us,     beside  some  nine  or  ten  ; 

"  It  is  by  fighting  witli  the  Moors     that  we  have  earned  our  bread, 

"  In  the  name  of  God  that  made  us,     let  nothing  more  be  said, 

"  Let  us  sally  forth  upon  them     by  the  dawn  of  day." 

The  Cid  replied,  "  Minaya,     I  approve  of  Avhat  you  say, 

"  You  have  spoken  for  the  best,     and  had  done  so  without  doubt." 

The  Moors  that  were  within  the  town    they  took  and  turn'd.  them  out. 

That  none  should  know  their  secret ;    they  labour'd  all  that  night, 

The}^  were  ready  for  the  combat    with  the  morning  light. 

The  Cid  was  in  his  armour    mounted  at  their  head, 

He  spoke  aloud  amongst  them,    you  shall  hear  the  words  he  said : 

"  We  must  all  sally  forth !     There  can  not  a  man  be  spar'd, 

"  Two  footmen  only  at  the  gates     to  close  them  and  keep  guard ; 


"  Decidme  cavalleros  como  vos  place  de  far  ?" 

Primero  fablo  Mina3'a,  un  cavallero  de  prestar: 

"  De  Castiella  la  gentil  exidos  somos  aca, 

"  Si  con  Moros  non  lidiaiemos,  non  nos  daian  del  pan : 

"  Bien  somos  nos  seiscientoSj  algunos  hay  de  mas. 

"  En  el  nombre  del  Criador  que  non  pase  por  al : 

"  Vayamos  los  ferir  en  aquel  dia  de  eras." 

Dixo  el  Campeador,  "  a  mi  guisa  fablastes  : 

"  Ondrastes  vos  Minaya,  ca  aun  vos  lo  yedes  de  far." 

Todos  los  Moros  e  las  Moras  de  fuera  los  manda  echar. 

Que  non  sopiese  ninguno  esta  su  poridad. 

El  dia  c  la  noche  piensanse  de  adovar. 

Otro  dia  mafiana  el  sol  querie  apuatar. 

Armado  es  el  Mio  Cid  con  quantos  que  el  ha: 

Eablaba  Mio  Cid  como  odredes  contar  : 

"  Todos  iscamos  fucra,  que  nadi  non  raste, 

"  Sinon  dos  peones  solos  por  la  puerta  guardar. 


459 

"  If  we  are  slain  in  battle    they  will  bury  us  here  in  peace, 

"  If  we  survive  and  conquer,     our  riches  will  increase. 

"  And  you,   Pero  Bi^rniuez,      the  standard  you  must  bear, 

"  Advance  it  like  a  valiant  man,    evenly  and  fair ; 

"  But  do  not  venture  forward     before  I  give  command." 

Bermuez  took  the  standard,     he  went  and  kist  his  hand. 

The  gates  were  then  thrown  open,    and  forth  at  once  they  rusli'd, 

The  outposts  of  the  Moorish  host    back  to  the  camp  were  push'd  ; 

The  camp  was  all  in  tumult,     and  there  was  such  a  thunder 

Of  cymbals  and  of  drums,     as  if  earth  would  cleave  in  sunder. 

There  you  might  see  the  JMoors     arming  themselves  in  haste, 

And  the  two  main  battles    how  they  were  forming  fast ; 

Horsemen  and  footmen  mixt,     a  countless  troop  and  vast. 

The  Moors  are  moving  forward,    the  battle  soon  must  join, 

"  My  men  stand  here  in  order,     rang'd  vipon  a  line ! 


"  Si  nos  muiieremos  en  campo,  en  castiello  nos  enteiraian  ; 

"  Si  vencieremos  la  batalla,  crezremos  en  lictad. 

"  E  vos,  Pero  Bermuez,  la  mi  seiia  tomad  : 

"  Como  sodes  muy  bueuo,  tenerla  liedes  sin  arch  : 

"  Mas  non  aguigedes  con  elia,  si  yo  non  vos  lo  mandar." 

Al  Cid  beso  la  mano,  la  seiia  va  tomar. 

Abrieron  las  puertas,  fuera  un  salto  dan. 

Vieronio  las  axobdas  de  los  Moros,  al  almofalla  se  van  tornar. 

Que  priesa  va  en  los  Moros,  e  tornaronse  a  armar. 

Ante  roydo  de  atamores  la  tierra  querie  quebrar : 

Veriedes  armarse  Moros,  apriesa  entrar  en  haz  : 

De  parte  de  los  Moros  dos  sefias  ha  cabdales  : 

E  ficieron  dos  haces  de  peones  mezclados ;  qui  los  podrie  contar  ? 

Las  Haces  de  los  Moros  yas'  mueven  adelant. 

Pora  mio  Cid  e  a  los  sos  a  manos  los  tomar : 


Quedas  sed,  mesnadas,  aqui  en  esle  logar 


440 

"  Let  not  a  man  move  from  his  rank     before  I  give  the  sign." 
Pero  Bermuez  heard  the  word,     but  he  could  not  refrain. 
He  held  the  banner  in  his  hand,      he  gave  his  horse  the  rein  ; 
"  You  see  yon  foremost  squadron  there,     the  thickest  of  the  foes, 
"  Noble  Cid,  God  be  your  aid,     for  there  your  banner  goes! 
"  Let  him  that  serves  and  honours  it     shew  the  duty  that  he  owes. 
Earnestly  the  Cid  call'd  out,    '  For  heaven's  sake  be  still !' 
Bermuez  cried,  '  I  cannot  hold,'     so  eager  was  his  will. 
He  spurr'd  his  horse,  and  drove  him  ou     amid  the  Moorish  rout ; 
They  strove  to  Avin  the  banner,     and  com  past  him  about. 
Had  not  his  armour  been  so  true     he  had  lost  either  life  or  limb ; 
The  Cid  called  out  again,     '  For  heaven's  sake  succour  him !' 
Their  shields  before  their  breasts,     forth  at  once  they  go. 
Their  lances  in  the  rest    levell'd  fair  and  low  ; 
Their  banners  and  tlieir  crests     Avaving  in  a  row. 
Their  heads  all  stooping  down     toward  the  saddle  bow. 


"  Non  desrranche  ninguno  fata  que  yo  lo  rnand." 

Aquel  Pero  Bermuez  non  lo  pudo  endurar : 

La  sena  tiene  en  mano,  conpezo  de  espolonar: 

"  El  Criador  vos  vala,  Cid  Campeador  leal  : 

"  Vo  meter  la  vuestra  seiia  en  aquela  mayor  haz. 

"  Los  que  el  debdo  avedes  veremos  como  la  acorredes," 

Dixo  el  Campeador,  "  non  sea,  por  caridad  !" 

Respuso  Pero  Bermuez,  "  non  rastara  por  al :" 

Espolono  el  cavallo,  e  metiol'  en  el  mayor  haz : 

Moros  le  reciben  per  la  sena  ganar  : 

Danle  grandes  colpes,  mas  nol'  pueden  falsar. 

Dixo  el  Campeador,  "  valelde  por  caridad  !" 

Embrazan  los  escudos  delant  los  corazones  : 

Abaxan  las  lanzas  apuestas  de  los  pendones  : 

Enclinaron  las  caras  desuso  de  los  arzones  : 


441 

The  Cicl  was  in  the  midst,     his  shout  was  heard  afor, 

"  I  am  Rui  Diaz,     the  Champion  of  Bivar  ; 

"  Strike  amongst  them,  gentlemen,     for  sweet  mercies  sake !" 

There  where  Eermucz  fought     amidst  the  foe  they  brake, 

Three  hundred  banner'd  knights,     it  was  a  gallant  show  : 

Three  hundred  Moors  they  kill'd,     a  man  witli  every  blow  ; 

When  they  wheel'd  and  turn'd,     as  many  more  lay  slain, 

You  might  see  them  raise  their  lances     and  level  them  again. 

There  you  might  see  the  breastplates,    how  they  were  cleft  in  twain, 

And  many  a  IVIoorish  shield      lie  shatter'd  on  the  ])lain. 

The  pennons  that  were  white      mark'd  with  a  crimson  stain. 

The  horses  running  wild     whose  riders  had  been  slain. 

The  Christians  call  upon  St.  James,     the  Moors  upon  INlahound, 

There  were  thirteen  hundred  of  them  slain    on  a  little  spot  of  ground. 

Minaya  Alvar  Fanez     smote  with  all  his  might. 

He  went  as  he  was  Avont,     and  Avas  foremost  in  the  fio-ht.. 


Ybanlos  ferir  de  fuertes  corazones  : 
A  grandes  voces  lama  el  que  en  buen  ora  nasco  ; 
"  Feridlos  caballeros  por  amor  de  caridad  ; 
"  Yo  so  Ruy  Diaz  el  Cid  Campeador  de  Bibar." 
Todos  fieren  en  el  haz  do  esta  Pero  Bermuez. 
Trescientas  lanzas  son,  todas  tlenen  pendones  : 
Sennos  Moros  matarotij  todos  de  sennos  colpes  : 
A  la  tornada  que  facen  otros  tantos  son. 
Veriedes  tantas  lanzas  premer  e  alzar  : 
Tanta  adarga  a  foradar  e  pasar ; 
Tanta  loriga  falsa  desmanchar  ; 
Tantos  pendones  blancos  salir  bermeios  en  sangre  ; 
Tantos  buenos  cavallos  sin  sos  duenos  andar. 
Los  Moros  laman  Mafomat :  los  Chiistianos  Sanctiague. 
Cayen  en  un  poco  de  logar  Moros  muertos  mill  h  tiecientos  ya. 
Que  lidia  bien  sobre  exorado  arzon, 

3  L 


442 

There  was  Galiii  Garcia,     of  courage  firm  and  clear, 

Felez  Munioz,     the  Cid's  own  Cousin  dear  ; 

AntoUnez  of  Burgos,      a  hardy  knight  and  keen, 

Munio  Gustioz,     his  pupil  that  had  been. 

The  Cid  on  his  gilded  saddle     above  them  all  was  seen. 

There  was  Martin  Munioz,      that  rul'd  in  Montmayor, 

There  Avere  Alvar  Fanez     and  Alvar  Salvador : 

These  were  the  followers  of  the  Cid,     with  many  others  more, 

In  rescue  of  Bermuez      and  the  standard  that  he  bore. 

Minaya  is  dismounted,     his  courser  has  been  slain. 

He  fights  upon  his  feet,     and  smites  with  might  and  main. 

The  Cid  came  all  in  haste     to  help  him  to  horse  again ; 

He  saw  a  Moor  Avell  mounted,     thereof  he  was  full  fain. 


Mio  Cid  Ruy  Diaz  el  buen  lidiador. 
Minaya  Alvar  Fanez  que  corta  mando  ; 
Martin  Antolinez  el  Burgales  de  pro  ; 
Muiio  Gustioz  que  fue  so  criado ; 
Martin  Muiioz  el  que  mando  a  Mont'  mayor  ; 
Alvar  Fanez  h  Alvar  Salvadores  ; 
Galin  Garcia  el  bueno  de  Aragon  ; 
Felez  Munoz  so  sobrino  del  Campeador; 
Desi  adelante  quantos  que  y  son, 
Acorren  la  seiia  h  a  mio  Cid  el  Campeador. 
A  Minaya  Alvar  Fanez  mataronle  el  cavallo ; 
Bien  lo  acorren  mesnadas  de  Christianos  ; 
La  lanza  ha  quebrada,  al  espada  metio  mano. 
Mager  de  pie  buenos  colpes  va  dando  ; 
Violo  mio  Cid  Ruy  Diaz  el  Castellano ; 
Acostos'  a  un  Alguacil  que  tenie  buen  cavallo, 
Diol'  tal  espadada  con  el  so  diestro  brazo. 


443 

Thro'  the  girdle  at  a  stroke     he  cast  him  to  the  plain  : 

He  called  to  Minaya  Fanez    and  reach'd  him  out  the  rein, 

"  ]\Iount  and  ride  Minaya,     you  are  my  right  hand, 

"  We  shall  have  need  of  you  to  day,    these  Moors  will  not  disband !' 

Minaya  lept  upon  the  horse,    his  sword  was  in  his  hand. 

Nothing  that  came  near  him     could  resist  him  or  withstand ; 

All  that  fall  within  his  reach     he  dispatches  as  he  goes. 

The  Cid  rode  to  King  Fariz,     and  struck  at  him  three  blows ; 

The  third  was  far  the  best,      it  forc'd  the  blood  to  flow  : 

The  stream  ran  from  his  side,     and  stain'd  his  arms  below  ; 

The  King  caught  round  the  rein     and  turn'd  his  back  to  go. 

The  Cid  has  won  the  battle     with  that  single  blow. 


Coitol'  por  la  cintura,  el  medio  echo  en  campo  : 

A  Minaya  Alvar  Fanez  ybal'  dar  el  cavallo, 

"  Cavalgad,  Minaya,  vos  sodes  el  mio  diestro  braze; 

"  Oy  en  este  dia  de  vos  abre  grand  vando  : 

"  Firmes  son  los  Moros,  aun  nos'  van  del  campo." 

Cavaigo  Minaya,  el  espada  en  la  mano  ; 

Por  estas  fuerzas  fuerte  mientre  lidiando;^ 

A  los  que  alcanza  valos  delibrando. 

Mio  Cid  Ruy  Diaz  el  que  en  buen  ora  nasco, 

Al  Rey  Fariz  tres  colpes  le  avie  dado ; 

Los  dos  le  fallen,  h  el  imol'  ha  tornado ; 

Por  la  loriga  ayuso  la  sangre  destellando. 

Volvio  la  rienda  por  yrsele  del  campo  ; 

Por  aquel  colpe  rancado  es  el  fonsado. 


ARGUMENT. 

After  various  successes  of  inferior  importance,  the  Cid  undertakes  and  atchieves 
the  conquest  of  the  City  and  Kingdom  of  Valencia,  where  he  establishes  himself  in 
a  species  of  sovereign  authority.     In  the  mean  time  he  obtains  the  favour  of  the 
Kino-:  this  favour  however  is  accompanied  by  a  inquest  on  the  pai't  uf  the  King 
that  the  Cid  should  bestow  his  two  daughters  in  marriage  upon  the  Infants  of 
Carrion,  whose  Jannly  loere  his  old  adversat^es ;  the  Cid  in  reply  consents  to  place 
his  daughters  "  at  the  disposition  of  the  King."     The  wedding  is  celebrated  at 
Valentia  with  the  greatest  possible  splendor,  and  the  two  young  Counts  remain  at 
Valentia  ivith  their  father -in-law:  their  situation  however  is  an  invidious  one  ; 
some  occasions  arise  in  which  their  courage  appears  doubtful,  and  the  prudence 
and  authority  of  the  Cid  are  found  insufflciejit  to  suppress  the  contemptuous  mirth 
of  his  militai-y  court.     Accordingly  they  enter  itito  the  resokition  of  leaving  Va- 
lentia, but  determining  at  the  same  time  to  execute  a  project  of  the  basest  and 
most  unmanly  revenge,  they  request  of  the  Cid  to  be  alloxved  to  take  their  brides  with 
them  upon  a  journey  to  Carrion,  under  pretence  of  making  them  acqtiainted  with 
the  property  which  had  been  settled  upon  them  at  their  marriage.     The  Cid  is 
axcare  that  their  situation  is  an  uneasy  one  ;  he  readily  consents,  takes  leave  of 
them  icith  great  cordiality,    loads  them  with  presents,  and  at  their  departure 
bestows  upon  them  the  two  celebrated  sxvords  Colada  and  Tison.     The  Injants  pur- 
sue their  journey  till  they  arrive  in  a  wilderness,  where  they  dismiss  their  followers, 
and  being  left  alone  with  their  brides,  proceed  to  execute  their  scheme  of  vengeance 
by  stripping  them  and  "  mangling  them  with  spurs  and  thongs,"  till  they  leave 
them  zcithout  signs  of  life  :  in  this  state  they  are  found  by  a  relation  of  the  Cid's, 
Felez  Munios,  ivho  suspecting  some  evil  design  had  folloxced  them  at  a  distance. 
They  are  brought  back  to  Valentia.    The  Cid  demands  justice.    The  King  assembles 
the  Cortes  upon  the  occasion.  The  Cid  being  called  upon  to  state  his  grievances,  con- 
fines himself  to  the  claim  of  the  two  swords  ichich  he  had  given  to  his  sons-in-laxv, 
and  which  he  now  demands  back  since  they  have  forfeited  that  character.  The  swords 
are  restored  without  hesitatioii,  and  the  Cid  immediately  bestows  them  upon  two  of 
his  champions.   He  then  rises  again,  and  upon  the  same  plea  requires  the  restitution 
of  the  gifts  and  treasures  with  which  he  had  honoured  his  sons-in-laxi'  at  parting. 
This  claim  is  resisted  by  his  opponents  :  the  Cortes  horcever  decide  in  favour  cf  the 
Cid,  and  as  the  Infants  plead  their  immediate  inability,  it  is  determined  that  the 
property  xvhich  they  have  with  them  shall  be  taken  at  an  appraisement.     This  is 
accordingly  done.     The  Cid  then  rises  a  third  time,  and  demands  satisfaction  for 
the  insult  which  his  daughters  had  suffered  :  an  altercation  arises,  in  the  course  of 
which  the  Infants  of  Carrion  and  one  of  their  partizans  are  challenged  by  three  cham- 
pions on  the  part  of  the  Cid. 


445 


Within  a  little  space 
There  was  many  a  noble  courser    brought  into  the  place, 
Many  a  lusty  mule    with  palfreys  stout  and  sure, 
And  many  a  goodly  sword    with  all  its  furniture. 
The  Cid  receiv'd  them  all     at  an  appraisement  made, 
Besides  two  hundred  marks    that  to  the  King  were  paid  : 
The  Infants  give  up  all  they  have,    their  goods  are  at  an  end, 
They  go  about  in  haste     to  their  kindred  and  their  friend ; 
They  borrow  as  they  can,    but  all  will  scarce  suffice ; 
The  attendants  of  the  Cid     take  each  thing  at  a  price : 
But  as  soon  as  this  was  ended,    he  began  a  new  device. 
"  Justice  and  mercy,  my  Lord  the  King,    I  beseech  you  of  your  grace ! 
"  I  have  yet  a  grievance  left  behind,     which  nothing  can  efface. 


Veriedes  aducir  tanto  cavallo  corredor, 

Tanta  gruesa  mula,  tan  to  palafre  de  sazon, 

Tanta  buena  espada  con  toda  guarnizon. 

Recibiulo  Mio  Cid  como  apreciaron  en  la  cort; 

Sobre  los  docientos  marcos  que  tenie  el  Rey  Alfonso, 

Pagaron  los  Infantes  al  que  en  buen  ora  ntisco. 

Enprestanles  do  lo  agono,  que  non  les  cumple  lo  suyo. 

Mai  escapan,  iogados,  sabet  desta  razon. 

Estas  apreciaduras  Mio  Cid  presas  las  ha. 

Sos  omes  las  tienen  e  dellas  pensar^n. 

Mas  quando  esto  oso  acabado,  pensaron  luego  d'  al. 

"  Merced  ay,  Rey  e  Senor,  por  amor  de  caridad. 

"  La  rencura  maior  aou  se  me  puede  olvidar. 


446 

"  Let  all  men  present  in  the  court    attend  and  judge  the  case, 

"  Listen  to  what  these  Counts  have  done     and  pity  my  disgrace^ 

"  Dishonour'd  as  I  am,     I  can  not  be  so  base, 

"  But  here  before  I  leave  them,     to  defy  them  to  their  face. 

"  Say  Infants,  how  had  I  deserv'd,    in  earnest  or  in  jest, 

"  Or  on  Avhatever  plea    you  can  defend  it  best, 

"  That  you  should  rend  and  tear    the  heartstrings  from  my  breast  ? 

"  I  gave  you  at  Valentia    my  daughters  in  your  hand, 

"  I  gave  you  wealth  and  honours,     and  treasure  at  command  ; 

"  Had  you  been  weary  of  them,,     to  cover  your  neglect ; 

"  You  might  have  left  them  with  me,    in  honour  and  respect. 

"  Why  did  you  take  them  from  me,    Dogs  and  Traitors  as  you  were  ? 

"  In  the  forest  of  Corpes,     Avhy  did  you  strip  them  there, 

«'  Why  did  you  mangle  them  with  whips,     why  did  you  leave  them  bare 

"  To  the  vultures  and  the  wolves,    and  to  the  wintry  air .'' 

"  The  court  will  hear  your  answer,    and  judge  Avhat  you  have  done. 

"  I  say,  your  name  and  honour    henceforth  is  lost  and  gone." 


"  Oydme  toda  la  cort,  e  pesevos  de  raio  mal. 

"  De  los  Infaates  de  Carrion  quem'  desondraron  tan  ma\,. 

"  A  inenos  de  riebtos  no  los  puedo  dexar. 

"  Decid  que  vos  mereci  Infantes  en  juego  6  en  vero  : 

"  O  en  alguna  razon  aqui  lo  meiorare  a  juuicio  de  la  cort, 

"  A  quem'  descubriestes  las  telas  del  corazon  ? 

"■  A  la  salida  de  Valencia  mis  fijas  vos  di  yo, 

"  Con  muy  grand  ondra  fe  haberes  a  nombre. 

"  Quando  las  non  queriedes  ya  canes  traydores, 

"  Por  que  las  sacabades  de  Valencia  sus  onores? 

"  A  que  las  flriestes  a  cinchas  ^  a  espolones  ? 

"  Solas  las  dexastes  en  el  Robredo  de  Corpes 

"  A  las  bestias  fieras  h  a  las  aves  del  mont. 

"  Por  quanto  les  ficiestes  menos  valedes  vos. 

"  Sinon  recudedes  vealo  esta  cort." 


447 

The  Count  Don  Garcia    was  the  first  to  rise: 

"  Me  crave  your  favour  my  Lord  the  King,   you  are  always  just  and  wise ; 

"  The  Cid  is  come  to  your  Court    in  such  an  uncouth  guise, 

"  He  has  left  his  beard  to  grow    and  tied  it  in  a  braid, 

"  We  are  half  of  us  astonish'd,     the  other  half  afraid. 

"  The  blood  of  the  Counts  of  Carrion     is  of  too  hioh  a  line 

"  To  take  a  daughter  from  his  house    though  it  were  for  a  concubine. 

"  A  concubine  or  a  leman    from  the  lineao;e  of  the  Cid, 

"  They  could  have  done  no  other    than  leave  them  as  they  did  : 

"  We  neither  care  for  what  he  says    nor  fear  what  he  may  threat." 

AVith  that  the  noble  Cid     rose  up  from  his  seat : 

He  took  his  beard  in  his  hand,    "  If  this  beard  is  fair  and  even, 

"  I  must  thank  the  Lord  above,     who  made  both  earth  and  heaven ; 

"  It  has  been  cherished  Avith  respect    and  therefore  it  has  thriven : 

"  It  never  suffered  an  affront    since  the  day  it  first  was  worn. 

"  What  business.  Count,  have  you    to  speak  of  it  with  scorn  .'' 


El  Conde  Don  Garcia  en  pie  se  levantaba  ; 

"  Merced  ya,  Rev,  el  meior  de  toda  Espaiia. 

"  Vezos  Mio  Cid  alias  cortes  pregonadas  ; 

"  Dexola  crecer  e  luenaja  trae  la  barba. 

"  Los  unos  le  ban  miedo  e  los  otros  espanta. 

"  Los  de  Carrion  son  de  natural  tal, 

"  Non  geias  debien  querer  sus  fijas  por  barraganas ; 

"  O  quien  gelas  diera  por  parelas  6  por  veladas. 

"  Derecbo  ficieron  porque  las  ban  dexadas. 

"  Quanto  el  dice  non  gelo  preciamos  nada." 

Esora  el  Campeador  prisos'  a  la  barba  ; 

"  Grado  a  Dios  que  Cielo  e  tierra  manda, 

"  Por  eso  es  luenga  que  a.  delicio  fue  criada. 

"  Que  habedes  vos,  Conde,  por  retraer  la  mi  barba  ? 


448 

"  It  never  yet  was  shaken,     nor  pluck'd  away  nor  torn, 

"  By  Christian  nor  by  Moor,     nor  by  man  of  woman  born, 

•'  As  yonrs  was  once.  Sir  Count,     tlie  day  Cabra  was  taken; 

"  When  I  was  master  of  Cabra     that  beard  of  yours  was  shaken, 

"  There  was  never  a  footboy  in  my  camp     but  twitch'd  away  a  bit 

"  The  side  that  I  tore  off    grows  all  uneven  yet/' 

Ferran  Gonzales     started  upon  the  floor, 

He  cried  with  a  loud  voice,     "  Cid,  let  us  hear  no  more^ 

"  Your  claim  for  goods  and  money     was  satisfied  before : 

"  Let  not  a  feud  arise     betwixt  our  friends  and  you, 

*'  We  are  the  Counts  of  Carrion,     from  them  our  birth  we  drew. 

"  Daughters  of  Emperors  or  Kings     were  a  match  for  our  degree, 

"  We  hold  ourselves  too  good     for  a  baron's  such  as  thee. 


"  Ca  de  quando  nasco  a  delicio  fue  criada ;. 

"  Ca  non  me  priso  a  ella  fijo  de  mugier  nada, 

"  Nimbla  meso  fijo  de  Moro  nin  de  Christiano^ 

"  Como  3'o  a  vos,Conde,  en  el  Castiello  de  Cabra, 

"  Quando  piis'  a  Cabra,  ^  a  vos  per  la  barba, 

"  Non  y  ovo  rapaz  que  non  meso  su  pulgada ; 

"  La  que  yo  mese  aun  non  es  eguada." 

Ferran  Gonzales  en  pie  se  levanto; 

A  altas  voces  ondredes  *  que  fablo. 

"  Dexasedes  vos,  Cid,  de  aquesta  razon  ^ 

^'  De  vuestros  haberes  de  todos  pagados  sodes. 

"  Non  crecies'  baraia  entre  vos  e  nos. 

"  De  natura  somos  de  Condes  de  Carrion  ; 

"  Debiemos  casar  con  fijas  de  Reyes  6  de  Emperadores  j 

"  Ca  non  pertenecien  fijas  de  Infanzones. 


*  probably  ondredes. 


449 

"  If  we  abandon'd  as  you  say,    and  left  and  gave  them  o'er, 

"  ^^e  vouch  that  we  did  right,     and  prize  ourselves  the  more." 

The  Cid  looked  at  Bermuez,     that  was  sitting  at  his  foot, 

"  Speak  thou,  Peter  the  Dumb,     Avhat  ails  thee  to  sit  mute? 

"  My  daughters  and  thy  nieces    are  the  parties  in  dispute. 

"  Stand  forth  and  make  reply,     if  you  would  do  them  right. 

"  If  I  should  rise  to  speak,    you  cannot  hope  to  fight." 

Peter  Bermuez  rose,    somewhat  he  had  to  say. 

The  words  were  strangled  in  his  throat,     they  could  not  find  their  way ; 

Till  forth  they  came  at  once,    without  a  stop  or  stay. 

"  Cid,  I'll  tell  you  what,     this  always  is  your  way, 

"  You  have  always  serv'd  me  thus,     whenever  we  have  come 

"  To  meet  here  in  the  Cortes,     you  call  me  Peter  the  Dumb. 

"  I  cannot  help  my  nature ;     I  never  talk  nor  rail ; 

"  But  when  a  thing  is  to  be  done,    you  know  I  never  fail. 

"  Fernando,  you  have  lied,    you  have  lied  in  every  word  : 

"  You  have  been  honour'd  by  the  Cid,     and  favour'd  and  prefer'd. 


"  Porque  las  clcxamos ;  derecho  ficiemos  nos ; 

"  Mas  nos  preciamos,  sabet,  que  menos  no." 

Mio  Cid  Riiy  Tiaz  a  Pero  Bermuez  cata  ; 

"  Fabla^  Pero  Mudo,  varon  que  tanto  callas  ; 

"  Hyo  las  he  fijas,  e  tu  priinas  cormanas, 

"  A  mi  1q  dicen,  a  ti  dan  las  oreiadas. 

"  Si  yo  vespondier',  tu  non  entraras  en  armas." 

Pero  Bermnez  conpezu  de  fablar : 

Detienes'le  la  lengua,  non  puede  dclibrar, 

Mas  quando  enpiezaj  sabed,  nol'  da  vagar. 

"  Direvos,  Cid,  costumbres  babedcs  tales  ; 

"■  Siempre  en  las  cortes,  Pero  Mudo  me  lamades. 

"  Bien  lo  sabedes  que  yo  non  puedo  mas  ; 

"  Por  lo  que  yo  ovier'  a  fer  por  mi  non  mancara. 

"  Mientes  Terrando  de  quanto  dicho  has  : 

"  Por  el  Campeador  mucho  valiest.es  mas. 

3   M 


450 

"  I  know  of  all  your  tricks,    and  can  tell  them  to  your  face  : 

''  Do  you  remember  in  Valentia    the  skirmish  and  the  chase? 

"  You  asked  leave  of  the  Cid,     to  make  the  first  attack  : 

*'  You  went  to  meet  a  Moor,    but  you  soon  came  running  back. 

"  I  met  the  Moor  and  kill'd  him,     or  he  would  have  kill'd  you  ; 

"  I  gave  you  up  his  arms,     and  all  that  -was  my  due. 

"  Up  to  this  very  hour    I  never  said  a  word. 

"  You  prais'd  yourself  before  the  Cid,     and  I  stood  by  and  heard, 

"  How  you  had  kill'd  the  Moor,    and  done  a  valiant  act, 

"  And  they  believ'd  you  all,    but  they  never  knew  the  fact. 

"  You  are  tall  enough  and  handsome,    but  cowardly  and  weak. 

"  Thou  tongue  without  a  hand,    how  can  you  dare  to  speak  .-^ 

"  There's  the  story  of  the  lion    should  never  be  forgot : 

"  Now  let  us  hear,  Fernando,    what  answer  have  you  got  ? 

"  The  Cid  was  sleeping  in  his  chair,     with  all  his  knights  around, 

"  The  cry  went  forth  along  the  Hall,     That  the  lion  was  unbound,- 


"  Las  fas  mnfias  yo  te  las  sabre  contar; 

"  Mieinbrat'  quando  lidiamos  cerca  Valencia  la  grand, 

"  Pedist'  las  feridas  primeras  al  Cauipeador  leal : 

"  Vist'  uii  Moroj  fustel'  ensaiur;   antes  Cugiste  que  al  tc  alegases. 

"  Si  3'o  non  uvjas'  el  Moro  te  jugara  mal, 

"  Pase  por  ti  con  el  Moro  nie  off  dc  aiuntar  : 

"  Dc  Ids  primeros  colpes  ofle  dc  arrancar ; 

"  Did  el  cavallo,  tobeldo  en  poridad  : 

"  Fasta  este  dia  no  lo  descubri  a  nadi. 

"  Delant'  Mio  Cid,  e  delante  todos  ovistete  de  alabar, 

"  Que  maiaras  el  Moro  6  que  ficieras  barnax. 

"  Crovierontelo  todos,  mas  non  saben  la  verdad. 

"  £  eras  fermoso,  mas  mal  barragan. 

"  Lengua  sin  manos^  cuemo  osas  fablar  ? 

"  Di  Ferrando,  otorga  esta  razon  ; 

"  Non  te  viene  en  miente  en  Valencia  lo  del  Leon, 

"  Quando  durmie  Mio  Cid  e  el  Leon  se  desaluf 


451 

"  What  did  you  do,  Fernando  ?     like  a  coward  as  you  were, 

"  You  slunk  behind  the  Cid,     and  crouch'd  beneath  his  chair. 

"  AVe  prest  around  the  throne,     to  shield  our  Lord  from  harm, 

*'  Till  the  good  Cid  awoke  ;     he  rose  without  alarm  ; 

"  He  went  to  meet  the  Lion,     with  his  mantle  on  his  arm  ; 

"  The  Lion  Avas  abash'd     the  noble  Cid  to  meet, 

*'  He  bow'd  his  mane  to  the  earth,     his  muzzle  at  his  feet. 

"  The  Cid  by  the  neck  and  mane     drew  him  to  his  den, 

"  He  thrust  him  in  at  the  hatch,     and  came  to  the  hall  again  : 

"  He  found  his  knights,  his  vassals,     and  all  his  valiant  men  ; 

*'  He  ask'd  for  his  sons-in-law,     they  were  neither  of  them  there. 

"  I  defy  you  for  a  coward     and  a  traitor  as  you  are  ; 

"  For  the  daughters  of  the  Cid     you  have  done  them  great  unriglit, 

"  Li  the  wrong  that  they  have  suffcr'd,     you  stand  dishonour'd  quite. 

"  Although  they  are  but  Avomen,     and  each  of  you  a  knight, 

"  I  hold  them  worthier  far,  o  and  here  my  word  I  plight. 


"  E  tu  Ferrando  que  ficist'  con  el  pavor  ? 

"  Metistet'  tras  el  cscafio,  de  Mio  Cid  el  Campeador, 

"  Metistet'  Ferrando,  poro  menos  vales  hoy. 

"  Nos  cercamos  el  escaiio  por  curiar  nuestro  Sefior, 

"  Fasta  do  despert6  INlio  Cid  el  que  Valencia  gano. 

"  Levantos'  del  escano  e  fues'  poral  Leon  : 

"  El  Leon  prcmio  la  cabeza,  a  Mio  Cid  espero, 

"  Dexos'  le  prcnder  al  cuello,  e  a  la  red  le  inetio. 

"  Quando  se  torno  el  buen  Campeador 

"  A  SOS  vasallos,  violos  aderredor. 

"  Demando  por  sus  Yernos,  ninguno  non  fallo. 

"  Iiiebtot'  el  cuerpo  por  uialo  e  por  traj-dor. 

"  Eslot'  lidiare  aqui  antel  Rey  Don  Alfonso 

"  Por  fijas  del  Cid  Don'  Elvira  e  Dona  Sol. 

"  Por  quanto  las  dexastes  menos  valedes  vos. 

"  Ellas  son  mugieres,  e  vos  sodes  varones  ; 


452 

"  Before  the  King  Alfonso     upon  this  plea  to  fight; 

"  If  it  be  God  his  will,     before  the  battle  part, 

"  Thou  shalt  avow  it  with  thy  mouth,     like  a  traitor  as  thou  art. 

Uprose  Diego  Gonzalez     and  answer'd  as  he  stood  : 

"  ]jy  our  lineage  we  are  Counts,     and  of  the  purest  blood  ; 

"  This  match  was  too  unequal,     it  never  could  hold  good ; 

"  For  the  daughters  of  the  Cid     we  acknowledge  no  regret, 

"  We  leave  them  to  lament     the  chastisement  they  met. 

"  Tt  will  follow  them  through  life     for  a  scandal  and  a  jest : 

"  I  stand  upon  this  plea     to  combat  with  the  best, 

"  That  having  left  them  as  we  did,     our  honour  is  increast." 

Uprose  Martin  Antolinez     Avhen  Diego  ceast : 

"  Peace,  thou  lying  mouth!     thou  traitor  coward,  Peace ! 

"  The  story  of  the  lion     should  have  taught  you  shame  at  least : 

"  You  rush'd  out  at  the  door,     and  ran  away  so  hard, 


1 


"  En  todas  guisas  mas  valen  que  vos. 

"  Quando  fuere  la  lid,  si  ploguiere  ul  Criador, 

"  Tu  lo  otorgaras  aguisa  de  tra3dor. 

"  De  qiianto  lie  dicho  verdadero  sere  yo." 

De  aqueslos  aiiios  aqui  quedo  la  razoii. 

Diego  Gonzalez  odredes  lo  que  dixo  : 

''  De  nalura  soinos  de  los  Condes  mas  limpios. 

"  Estos  casamientos  non  fueseii  aparecidos 

"  Por  consograr  con  Mio  Cid  Don  Rodiigo. 

"  Porque  dexamos  sus  fijas  aun  no  nos  repentimos. 

"  Mientia  que  vivan  pueden  liaber  sospiros. 

"  Lo  ([ue  les  ficiemos  series  ha  retraido ;  esto  lidiare  a  tod'  el  mas  ardido, 

"  Que  porque  las  dexamos  ondrados  somos  nos." 

Martin  Antolinez  en  pie  se  levantaba  ; 

"  Cala,  alevoso,  boca  sin  verdad. 

"  Lo  del  Leon  non  se  te  debe  olvidar; 

"  Saliste  por  la  paertaj  metistel'  al  corral ; 


453 

"  You  fell  into  tlie  cispool     that  was  open  in  the  yard. 

"  We  dragg'cl  you  forth  in  all  mens  sight,     dripping  from  the  drain  ; 

"  For  shame,  never  wear  a  mantle,     nor  a  knightly  robe  again! 

"  I  fight  upon  this  plea     without  more  ado, 

"  The  daughters  of  the  Cid     are  worthier  far  than  you. 

"  Before  the  combat  part     you  shall  avow  it  true, 

"  And  that  you  have  been  a  traitor     and  a  coward  too." 

Thus  was  ended  the  parley     and  challenge  betwixt  these  two. 

Assur  Gonzalez     Avas  entering  at  the  door 

AVith  his  ennine  mantle     trailing  along  the  floor. 

AVith  his  sauntering  pace     and  his  hardy  look. 

Of  manners  or  of  courtesy,    little  heed  he  took  : 

He  was  flush'd  and  hot    with  breakfast  and  Avith  drink. 

"  What  ho,  my  masters,    your  spirits  seem  to  sink  ! 

"  Have  we  no  news  stimng  from  the  Cid     Ruy  Diaz  of  Bivar? 

"  Has  he  been  to  Riodivirna     to  besiege  the  Windmills  there  ? 


"  Fusted  meter  tras  la  viga  lagar  •, 

"  Mas  non  veslid'  el  maiito  nin  el  brial : 

"  Hyo  lo  lidiare,  non  pasara  por  al. 

"  Fijas  del  Cid  por  que  las  vos  dexastes  ? 

"  Ea  todas  guisas,  sabet,  que  mas  vaien  que  vos. 

"  Al  partir  de  la  lid  por  tu  boca  lo  diras, 

"  Que  eras  traydor  e  mentisie  de  quanto  dicho  has." 

Destos  amos  la  razon  finco. 

Asur  Gonzalez  entraba  por  el  Palacio  ; 

Manto  armini  e  un  brial  rastraudo  ; 

Bermeio  vien ',  ca  era  almorzado. 

En  lo  que  tublo  avie  poco  recabdo. 

"  Hya  varones  quien  vio  nunca  tal  mal  ? 

"  Quien  nos  daiie  nueva?  de  Mio  Cid  el  de  Bibar  ? 

"  Fues'  a  Riodouirna  los  molinos  picar. 


454 

"  Does  he  tax  the  Millers  for  their  toll,     or  is  that  practice  past  ? 

♦'  A\^ill  he  make  a  match  for  his  daughters,     another  like  the  last  ?" 

Munio  Gustioz     rose  and  made  reply: 

"  Traitor!  wilt  thou  never  cease     to  slander  and  to  lie  ? 

*'  You  breakfast  before  mass,     you  drink  before  you  pray ; 

"  There  is  no  honour  in  your  heart,     nor  truth  in  what  you  say ; 

"  You  cheat  your  comrade  and  your  liOrd,     you  flatter  to  betray 

"  Your  hatred  I  despise,    your  friendship  I  dety. 

"  False  to  all  mankind,     and  most  to  God  on  high, 

"  I  shall  force  you  to  confess     that  what  I  say  is  true." 

Thus  was  ended  the  parley     and  challenge  betwixt  these  two. 


"  E  prender  maquilas  como  lo  suele  far' : 

"  Quil'  darie  con  los  de  Carrion  a  casar'  ?" 

Esora  Muno  Gustioz  en  pie  se  levanto: 

"  Cala,  alevoso,  mulo  e  traydor, 

"  Antes  almuerzas  que  bayas  a  oracion  ; 

"  A  los  que  das  paz,  fartaslos  aderredor. 

"  Non  dices  verdad  amigo  ni  a  Senor, 

"  Falso  il  todos  e  mas  al  Criador. 

"  En  tu  auiistad  non  qiiiero  aver  racion. 

"  Facertelo  decir  que  tal  eres  qual  digo  yo." 


4 


ARGUMENT. 

The  King  suppresses  all  further  altercation,  and  declares  that  those  only  zt'ho 
have  already  challenged  shall  be  permitted  tojight.  The  time  and  place  are  Jixed. 
The  Cid  being  obliged  to  return  to  Valentia,  leaves  his  champions  under  the  protec' 
tion  of  the  King.  The  Cid  takes  leave  of  the  King.  At  the  end  of  three  weeks 
the  combat  is  fought,  and  the  three  champions  of  the  Cid  are  victorious. 


457 


****#####:jf^ 


#         * 


"  I  crave  your  favor,  my  Lord  the  King,     since  tilings  are  settled  so ; 

"  I  have  business  at  Valentia,     and  thither  I  must  po. 

*'  Before  the  town  was  conquer'd    it  cost  me  pains  enow/' 

The  King  lift  up  his  hand,     made  a  cross  upon  his  brow  : 

"  I  swear  by  St.  Isidro,     the  patron  of  Leon, 

"  In  all  my  realm  beside     there  is  not  such  a  good  baron." 

The  Cid  leapt  on  his  steed     and  rode  him  round  the  course. 

He  came  up  to  the  King     and  proffer'd  him  the  horse — 

"  'Tis  the  noble  Babieca     that  is  fam'd  for  speed  and  force, 

"  Among  the  Christians  nor  the  Moors     there  is  not  such  another  one, 

"  My  Sovereign  Lord  and  Sire     he  is  fit  for  you  alone : 

"  Give  orders  to  your  people,    and  take  him  for  your  own." 

The  King  replied,  "  It  cannot  be  ;     Cid,  you  shall  keep  your  horse, 

"  He  must  not  leave  liis  master,     nor  change  him  for  a  worse; 


"  Merced  vos  pido,  Rey,  por  amor  del  Criador. 
"  Quando  todas  estas  nuevas  asi  puestas  son, 
"  Beso  vuestras  manos  con  vuestra  gracia,  Sefior ; 
"  E  yrme  quiero  pora  Valencia,  con  afan  la  gaue  yo." 
El  Rey  alzo  la  mano,  la  cara  se  sanctiguo. 
"  Hyo  lo  juro  par  Sant  Isidro  el  de  Leon, 
"  Que  en  todas  nuestras  tierras  non  ha  tan  buen  varon." 
Mio  Cid  en  el  cavallo  adelaut'  se  lego  ; 
Tue  besar  la  mano  a  so  Senor  Alfonso. 
"■  Mandastesme  mover  a  Babieca  el  corredor ; 
"  En  Moros  ni  en  Christianos  otro  tal  non  lia  hoy. 
"  Hy  vos  le  do  en  don,  mandedesle  tomar,  Senor." 
Esora  dixo  el  Rey,  ''  desto  non  he  sabor ; 
"  Si  a  vos  le  tollies',  el  cavallo  non  abrie  tan  buen  Senor. 

3  N 


458 

"  Our  kingdom  has  been  honour'd     by  you  and  by  your  steed, 

"  The  man  that  would  take  him  from  you,     evil  may  he  speed. 

"  A  courser  such  as  he     is  fit  for  such  a  knight, 

"  To  beat  down  Moors  in  battle,     and  follow  them  in  flight." 

Now  they  have  taken  leave,     and  broken  up  the  Court, 

The  Cid  goes  with  his  champions     to  advise  them  and  exhort : 

"  You  Martin  Antolinez,     and  Pero  Bermuez  you, 

"  And  you  Munio  Gustioz,     be  valiant  men  and  true  : 

"  When  I  am  gone  to  Valentia     let  me  have  good  tidings  there." 

Martin  Antolinez  replied,      "  Sir  what  needs  this  care  ? 

"  We  are  pledg'd  in  your  behalf,     we  must  do  our  best  endeavour ; 

"  You  may  hear  that  we  are  dead,     but  defeated  never." 

The  Cid  was  Joyful  at  the  words,     and  quitted  them  anon. 

He  has  taken  leave  of  all  his  friends,     and  shortly  he  is  gone. 

The  Cid  goes  to  Valentia,     the  King  to  Carrion. 


"  Mas  atal  cavallo  cum  est'  por  atal  como  vos, 

"  Pora  arrancar  Moros  del  campo  h  ser  segudador 

"  Quien  vos  lo  toller  quisiere  nol'  vala  el  Ciiador  : 

"  Ca  por  vos  e  por  el  cavallo  ondrados  somos  nos." 

Esora  se  espidieron,  e  luegos'  partio  la  cort. 

El  Campeador  a  los  que  haa  lidiar  tan  bien  los  castigo, 

"  Hya  Martin  Antolinez  e  vos  Pero  Bermuez, 

"  E  Muno  Gustioz,  firmes  sed  en  campo  a  guisa  de  varones. 

"  Buenos  mandados  me  vayan  a.  Valencia  de  vos." 

Dixo  Martin  Antolinez,  "  por  que  lo  decides  Seiior  ? 

"  Preso  habemos  el  debdo,  e  a  pasar  es  por  nos. 

"  Podedes  oir  de  muertos,  ca  de  vencidos  non.' 

Alegre  fue  de  aquesto  el  que  en  buen  era  nascio. 

Espidios'  de  todos  los  que  sos  amigos  son  ; 

Mio  Cid  pora  Valencia,  h  el  Rey  pora  Carrion. 


459 

Three  weeks  had  been  appointed,     and  now  they  are  past  away, 

The  champions  of  tl>e  Cid     are  ready  at  the  day  : 

They  are  ready  in  the  field      to  defend  their  master's  right, 

The  noble  King  is  with  them,      to  protect  them  with  his  might. 

They  waited  in  the  place     for  two  days  and  a  night. 

Behold  the  Lords  of  Carrion     where  they  appear  in  sight : 

They  arc  coming  with  an  host     of  their  kindred  and  their  clan, 

With  horses  and  with  arms,      and  many  a  valiant  man ; 

If  they  could  meet  with  them  apart,     or  take  them  unaware. 

In  dishonor  of  the  Cid      to  have  slain  his  champions  there. 

The  thought  was  foul  and  evil,     but  yet  they  did  not  dare, 

T^or  fear  of  the  King  Alfonso     that  had  them  in  his  care. 

That  night  they  watch'd  their  arms     and  past  the  hours  in  prayer ; 

The  night  is  past  and  over,     the  day  begins  to  break, 

Great  was  the  throng  of  folk     who,  for  that  battle's  sake, 

Flock'd  in  on  every  side,     assembled  for  the  fight. 

And  many  a  man  of  arms     and  many  a  wealthy  knight. 


Mas  tres  semanas  de  plazo  todas  complidas  son. 

Felos  al  plazo  los  del  Campeador; 

Cumplir  quieren  el  debdo  que  les  mando  so  Sefior. 

Ellos  son  en  poder  del  Rey  Don  Alfonso  el  de  Leon. 

Dos  dias  atendieron  a  Infantes  de  Carrion. 

Mucho  vienen  bien  adobados  de  cavallos  e  de  guarnizones  ; 

E  todos  sus  parientes  con  ellos  son. 

Que  si  los  pudiesen  apartar  a  los  del  Campeador 

Que  los  matasen  en  campo  por  desondra  de  so  Senor : 

El  cometer  fue  malo,  que  lo  al  nos'  enpezo, 

Ca  grand  miedo  ovieron  a  Alfonso  el  de  Leon. 

De  noche  velaron  las  armas  e  rogaron  al  Criador. 

Trocida  es  la  noche,  ya  quiebran  los  albores. 

Muchos  se  aiuntaron  de  buenos  ricos  omes 

Por  ver  esta  lid,  ca  habien  ende  sabor. 


460 

There  is  the  King  Alfonso     with  all  his  power  and  might, 

To  keep  down  force  and  wrong,      and  to  defend  the  right. 

The  champions  of  the  Cid     are  all  of  good  accord, 

They  are  arming  themselves  together,    like  vassals  of  one  Lord. 

The  Infants  of  Carrion      are  arming  themselves  apart, 

Count  Garcia  sits  advising  them,     and  keeps  them  in  good  heart. 

They  bring  a  plea  before  the  King,      and  they  pretend  a  right, 

That  those  two  trenchant  swords      should  not  be  us'd  in  light. 

The  swords  Colada  and  Tizon,     which  the  Cid's  champions  wore  ; 

They  repent  of  their  imprudence      when  they  gave  them  up  before. 

They  were  earnest  in  their  plea,      but  they  could  not  succeed ; 

"  You  might  have  kept  them  for  yourselves    to  serve  you  in  your  need 

"  If  you  have  other  good  ones     make  use  of  them  instead. 

"  Infants  of  Carrion  !     Hear  me  and  take  heed  : 

"  You  must  approve  your  honor     by  some  manly  deed. 

"  Go  forth  into  the  field,      and  shew  a  valiant  heart, 

"  For  nothing  will  be  wanting     upon  the  Champions  part. 


Demas  sobre  todos  y  es  el  Rey  Don  Alfonso 

Por  queier  el  derecho  e  non  consentir  el  tuerto. 

Hyas'  metian  en  armas  los  del  buen  Campeador : 

Todos  tres  se  acueidan,  ca  son  de  un  Seiior, 

En  otro  lugar  se  aruian  los  Infantes  de  Carrion  ; 

Sedielos  castigando  el  Conde  Garci  Ordonez. 

Andidieron  en  pleyto,  dixieronlo  al  Rey  Alfonso, 

Que  non  fuesen  en  la  batalla  las  espadas  taiadores 

Colada  e  Tizon,  que  non  lidiasen  con  elias  los  del  Campeador. 

Mucho  eran  repentidos  los  Infantes  por  quanto  dadas  son. 

Dixierongelo  al  Rey,  mas  non  gelo  conloyo. 

Non  sacaste  ninguna  quando  oviemos  la  cort. 

Si  buenas  las  tenedes,  pro  habran  a  vos  ; 

Otrosi  faran  a  los  del  Campeador. 

Lebad  fe  salid  al  campo,  Infantes  de  Carrion  ; 

Huebos  vos  es  que  lidiedes  a  giiisa  de  varones ; 

Que  nada  non  in  ancara  por  los  de  Campeador. 


461 

*'  If  you  are  conquerors  in  the  fight     3'ou  will  purchase  great  renown, 

"  If  you  are  beaten  and  disgrac'd,      the  fault  will  be  your  own, 

"  For  this  business  Avas  your  seeking,    as  has  been  seen  and  shown/' 

The  Infants  of  Carrion     are  beginning  to  repent ; 

The  Lordship  of  Carrion    with  its  honors  and  its  rent, 

Its  mansion  and  its  lands,    they  would  have  given  all, 

Could  they  command  the  past     to  redeem  it  and  recall. 

The  Champions  of  the  Cid,     clad  in  their  warlike  Aveed, 
The  King  is  gone  to  see  them    and  wish  them  well  to  speed. 
"  Sir  we  kiss  your  hands     as  our  good  Lord  and  Sire, 
*'  To  have  you  judge  and  umpire     is  all  that  we  require. 
"  Defend  us  in  all  right,    assist  us  not  in  wrong ; 
"  The  friends  of  the  Lords  of  Carrion      are  numerous  and  strong, 
*'  We  cannot  guess  their  counsels,      nor  how  they  will  behave. 
"  To  the  good  Cid  our  master     the  promise  that  3'ou  gave, 
*'  To  defend  us  and  protect  us,      this,  Sir,  is  all  we  crave, 


"  Si  del  campo  Lien  salides,  grand  ondra  liabicdcs  vos, 

"  E  si  fueres  vencidos  non  rebtedes  a  nos, 

*'  Ca  todos  lo  saben  que  los  buscastes  vos." 

Hya  se  van  repintiendo  Infantes  de  Carrion, 

De  lo  que  avien  fecho  mucho  repisos  son. 

No  lo  querrien  aver  fecho  por  quanto  ha  en  Carrion. 

Todos  tres  son  armados  los  del  Campeador. 

Hybalos  ver  el  Rey  Don  Alfonso. 

Dixieron  los  del  Campeador, 

"  Besamosvos  las  nianos  como  a  Rey  e  a  Seiior, 

"  Que  fiel  seades  hoy  dellos  e  de  nos : 

"  A  derecho  nos  valed,  a  ningun  tuerto  no. 

"  Aqui  tienen  su  vando  los  Infantes  de  Carrion, 

"  Non  sabemos  ques'  comidran  ellos  o  que  non. 

"  En  vuestra  mano  nos  metio  nuestro  Senor; 

"  Tenendos  a  derecho  por  amor  del  Criador." 


462 

"  So  long  as  right  and  justice     are  found  upon  our  part." 

"  Tliat  will  I,"  said  the  King,     "  with  all  my  soul  and  heart." 

Their  horses  are  brought  up  to  them,    coursers  strong  and  fleet. 

They  sign  their  saddles  with  the  cross,     and  leap  into  the  seat ; 

Their  shields  are  hanging  at  their  necks      with  bosses  broad  and  sheen. 

They  take  their  lances  in  their  hands,     the  points  are  bright  and  keen^ 

A  pennon  at  each  lance,     the  staves  were  large  and  stout, 

And  many  a  valiant  man    encompass'd  them  about. 

They  rode  forth  to  the  field     where  the  barriers  were  set  out. 

The  Champions  of  the  Cid     are  agreed  upon  their  plan. 

To  fight  as  they  had  challeng'd,     and  each  to  charge  his  man. 

There  come  the  Lords  of  Carrion    with  their  kindred  and  their  clan ; 

The  King  has  appointed  Heralds     for  avoiding  all  debate, 

He  spoke  aloud  amongst  them    in  the  field  there  where  they  sate. 

"  Infants  of  Carrion  !     Attend  to  what  I  say  : 

"  You  should  have  fought  this  battle     upon  a  former  day. 


"  Esora,"'  dixo  el  Rey,  "  d'alina  e  cle  corazon." 
Aducenles  los  cavallos  buenos  ^  corredores  ; 
Sanctiguaron  las  sielas  e  cabalgan  a  vigor  ; 
Los  escudos  a  los  cuellos  que  bien  blocados  son ; 
En  mano  prenden  las  astas  de  los  fienos  taiadores ; 
Estas  ties  lanzas  traen  senos  pendones, 
E  derredor  dellos  muchos  buenos  varones. 
Hya  salieron  al  campo  do  eran  los  moiones. 
Todos  tres  son  acordados  los  del  Cainpeador, 
Que  cada  uno  dellos  bien  fos'  ferir  el  so. 
Fevos  de  la  otra  part'  los  Infantes  de  Carrion, 
Muy  bien  acompanados  ca  muchos  parientes  son. 
El  Rey  dioles  Fieles  per  decir  el  derecho  ^  al  non, 
Que  non  barajen  con  ellos  de  si  6  de  non. 
Do  sedien  en  el  campo  fablo  el  Rey  Don  Alfonso, 
"  0yd  que  vos  digo,  Infantes  de  Carrion  ; 


463 

"  When  we  were  at  Toledo,     but  3'ou  would  not  agree  ; 

"  And  now  the  noble  Cid    has  sent  these  champions  three, 

"  To  fight  in  the  lands  of  Carrion,    escorted  here  by  me. 

"  Be  valiant  in  your  right,    attempt  no  force  or  wrong ; 

"  If  any  man  attempt  it    he  shall  not  triumph  long, 

"  He  never  shall  have  rest  or  peace    within  my  kingdom  more." 

The  Infants  of  Carrion    are  now  repenting  sore  ; 

The  Heralds  and  the  King    are  foremost  in  the  place, 

They  clear  away  the  people     from  the  middle  space : 

They  measure  out  the  lists,     the  barriers  they  fix  : 

They  point  them  out  in  order,     and  explain  to  all  the  six : 

"  If  you  are  forc'd  beyond  the  line    where  they  are  fixt  and  trac'd. 

"  You  shall  be  held  as  conquer'd,     and  beaten  and  disgrac'd." 

Six  lances  length  on  either  side    an  open  space  is  laid. 

They  share  the  field  between  them,     the  sunshine  and  the  shade. 

Their  office  is  perform'd,     and  from  the  middle  space. 

The  heralds  are  withdi  awn,    and  leave  them  face  to  face. 


"  Esta  lid  en  Toledo  la  ficierades,  mas  noii  quisiestes  vos ; 

"  Estos  ties  cavalleros  de  mio  Cid  el  Cainpeador, 

"  H^'o  los  aduj'  a  salvo  a  tierras  de  Carrion. 

"  Habed  vuestio  derecho,  tuerto  non  querades  vos ; 

"  Ca  qui  tuerto  quisiere  fazer,  mal  gelo  vedare  yo; 

"  En  lodo  mio  regno  non  habra  buen  sabor." 

Hya  les  va  pesando  a  los  Infantes  de  Carrion. 

Los  Fieles  h.  el  Rey  ensenaron  los  moiones. 

Librabanse  del  campo  todos  aderredor  ; 

Bien  gelo  demostraron  a  todos  seis  como  soDj 

Que  por  y  serie  vencido  qui  saliese  del  moion. 

Todas  las  yentes  esconbraron  aderredor 

De  seis  astas  de  lanzas  que  non  legasen  al  moion. 

Sorteabanies  el  campo,  ya  les  partien  el  sol ; 

Salien  los  Fieles  de  medio  ellos,  cara  por  cara  son. 


464 

Here  stood  the  warriors  of  the  Cid,     that  noble  champion, 

Opposite  on  the  other  side,     the  Lords  of  Carrion. 

Earnestly  their  minds  are  fixt     each  upon  his  foe ; 

Face  to  face  they  take  their  place,     anon  the  trumpets  bloAv. 

They  stir  their  horses  with  the  spur,     they  lay  their  lances  low, 

They  bend  their  shields  before  their  breasts,     their  face  to  the  saddle  bow» 

Earnestly  their  minds  are  fixt     each  upon  his  foe. 

The  heavens  are  overcast  above,    the  earth  trembles  below. 

The  people  stand  in  silence,     gazing  on  the  show : 

Bermuez  the  first  challenger     first  in  combat  clos'd, 

He  met  Eerran  Gonzales,    face  to  face  oppos'd  ; 

They. rush  together  Avith  such  rage     that  all  men  count  them  dead. 

They  strike  each  other  on  the  shield,    without  all  fear  or  dread. 

FeiTan  Gonzales  with  his  lance     pierc'd  the  shield  outright, 

It  past  Bermuez  on  the  left  side,    in  his  flesh  it  did  not  bite. 


.Desi  vinien  los  de  Mio  Cid  a  los  Infantes  de  Carrion, 
Ellos  Infantes  de  Carrion  a  los  del  Campeador. 
Cada  uno  dellos  mientes  tiene  al  so. 
Abrazan  los  escudos  delant'  los  corazones  ; 
Abaxan  las  lanzas  abueltas  con  los  pendones ; 
Enclinaban  las  caras  sobre  los  arzones  ; 
Batien  los  cavallos  con  los  espolones  ; 
Tembrar  querie  la  tierra  dod  eran  movedores. 
Cada  uno  dellos  mientes  tiene  al  so. 
Todos  tres  por  tres  ya  juntados  son. 

Cuidanse  que  esora  cadran  muertos,  los  que  estaa  aderredor. 
Pero  Bermuez  el  que  antes  reblo, 
Con  Ferran  Gonzalez  de  cara  se  junto; 
Feriense  en  los  escudos  sin  todo  pavor; 
Ferran  Gonzalez  a  Pero  Bermuez  el  escudol'  paso  ; 
Prisol'  en  vacio,  en  came  nol'  tomo ; 


465 

Tlie  spear  was  snapt  in  twain,     Bermuez  sat  upright. 

He  neither  flinch'd  nor  swei-v'd,     hke  a  true  stedfast  knight. 

A  good  stroke  he  receiv'd,     but  a  better  he  has  given ; 

He  struck  the  shield  upon  the  boss,    in  sunder  it  is  riven, 

Onward  into  FeiTan's  breast     the  lance's  point  is  driven, 

Full  upon  his  breastplate,     nothing  would  avail ; 

Two  breastplates  Fernando  wore    and  a  coat  of  mail : 

The  two  are  riven  in  sunder,    the  third  stood  him  in  stead. 

The  mail  sunk  in  his  breast,     the  mail  and  the  spear  head. 

The  blood  burst  from  his  mouth     that  all  men  thought  him  dead. 

The  blow  has  broken  his  girdle    and  his  saddle  girth, 

It  has  taken  him  over  his  horse's  back,     and  born  him  to  the  earth. 

The  people  think  him  dead    as  he  lies  on  the  sand  ; 

Bermuez  left  his  lance     and  took  his  sword  in  hand. 

Ferran  Gonzales  knew  the  blade    which  he  had  worn  of  old, 

Before  the  blow  came  down,    he  yielded  and  cried,  "  hold !" 


Bien  en  dos  lugares  el  astil  le  quebro; 

Firme  estido  Peio  Bermuez,  por  eso  nos'  encaoio ; 

Ua  colpe  recibieia,  mas  otro  firio  ; 

Quebranto  la  boca  del  escudo,  apart  gela  echo; 

Pasogelo  todo  que  nada  nol'  valio  ; 

Metiol'  la  lanza  por  los  pechos,  que  nada  nol'  valio  ; 

Tres  dobles  de  loriga  tenie  Fernando,  aquestol'  presto} 

Las  dos  le  desmanchao,  e  la  tercera  finco : 

El  belmez  con  la  camisa  e  con  la  guarnizon 

De  dentro  en  la  came  una  mano  gela  metio  ; 

Por  la  boca  afuera  la  sangrel'  salio. 

Quebraronle  las  cinchas,  ningtina  nol'  ovo  pro  ; 

Por  la  copla  del  cavallo  en  tierra  lo  echo, 

Asi  lo  teoien  las  yentes  que  mal  lerido  es  de  muert. 

El  dexo  la  lanza,  e  al  espada  nieiio  mano. 

Quando  lo  vio  Ferran  Gonzalez,  conuuo  a  Tizon. 

Antes  q«e  el  colpe  esperase,  dixo,  "  venzudo  so," 

Otorgarongelo  los  Fieles,  Pero  Bermuez  ic  dcso. 

3o 


466 

Antolinez  ajul  Diego    cnccmnter'd  man  for  man, 

Their  speai's  were  shiver'd  Avith  tlie  shock,     so  eagerl}^  they  ran. 

Antolinez  drew  fortli  the  blade    which  Diego  once  had  Avorn, 

Eagerly  he  aim'd  the  blow     for  the  vengeance  l;e  had  sworn. 

Rio'ht  throuoh  Diego's  helm    the  blade  its  edge  has  born, 

'j'he  crest  and  helm  are  lopt  away,     the  coif  and  hair  are  shorn. 

He  stood  astounded  with  the  stroke,     trembling  and  forlorn. 

He  wav'd  his  sword  above  his  head,     he  made  a  piteous  cry, 

"  O  save  me,  save  me  from  that  blade.    Almighty  Lord  on  high !' 

Antolinez  came  fiercely  on     to  reach  the  fatal  stroke, 

Diego's  courser  rear'd  upright,    and  thro'  the  barrier  broke. 


Martin  Antolinez  e  Diego  Gonzalez  fiiieronse  de  las  Lanzas; 
Tales  fucion  los  colpes  que  les  qucbraron  las  lanzas  ; 
Martin  Antolinez  mano  meti6  al  espada  ; 
Relumbra  tod' el  campo,  tanto  es  linipia  ^  clara. 
Diol'  un  colpe,  de  iraviesol'  tomaba  ; 
El  casco  de  somo  apart  gelo  echaba  ; 
Las  inoncluras  del  yelmo  todas  gelas  cortaba: 
Alia  lebo  el  almofar,  fata  la  cofia  legaba; 
La  cofia  e  el  almofar  todo  gelo  lebaba ; 
Raxol'  los  pelos  de  la  cabeza,  bien  a  la  came  legaba. 
Lo  uno  cayo  en  el  campo  e  lo  al  suso  fincaba. 
Quando  deste  colpe  ha  ferido  Colada  la  preciada, 
Viu  Diego  Gonzalez  que  no  escaparie  con  alma. 
Bolvio  la  rienda  al  cavallo  por  tornase  de  cara. 
Esora  Martin  Antolinez  recibioF  con  el  espada. 
Un  colpel'  dio  de  lano,  con  el  agudo  nol'  tomaba. 
Dia  Gonzalez  espada  tiene  en  mano,  mas  non  la  ensaiaba. 
Esora  el  Lifante  tan  grandes  voces  daba, 
"  Valme,  Dios  glorioso,  Senor,  e  curiarm'  desta  espada!" 
El  cavallo  asorrienda  e  mesurandol'  del  espada, 
Sacol'  del  moion,  Martin  Antolinez  en  el  campo  fincaba. 
Esora  dix6  el  Key,  "  venid  vos  a  mi  compaua, 


467 

Antolinez  has  won  the  day,     though  his  blow  was  mist, 

He  has  driven  Diego  fi'oni  the  field,     and  stands  within  the  list. 

I  must  tell  you  of  Muuio  Gustioz,     two  combats  now  are  done  ; 

How  he  fought  with  Assur  Gonzales,     you  shall  hear  anon. 

Assur  Gonzales,     a  fierce  and  hardy  knight. 

He  rode  at  Munio  Gustioz     Avith  all  his  force  and  might ; 

He  struck  the  shield  and  pierc'd  it  through,     but  the  point  came  wide, 

It  passed  b}"  Munio  Gustioz,    betwixt  liis  arm  and  side  : 

Sternly,  like  a  practis'd  knight,    Munio  met  him  there. 

His  lance  he  level'd  stedfastlv,    and  through  the  shield  him  bare  ; 

He  bore  the  point  into  his  breast,    a  little  beside  the  heart ; 

It  took  him  through  the  body,    but  in  no  mortal  part ; 

The  shaft  stood  out  behind  his  back     a  cloth-yard  and  more ; 

The  pennon  and  the  point    were  drijiping  down  with  gore. 

Munio  still  clench'd  his  spear,     as  he  past  he  forc'd  it  round. 

He  wreach'd  liim  from  the  saddle,     and  cast  him  to  the  ground. 


"  For  quanto  avedes  fecho,  vencida  avedes  esta  batalla.' 

Otorgangelo  los  Fieles  que  dice  verdadera  palabra. 

Los  dos  ban  airancado  :  direvos  de  Muuo  Gustioz 

Con  Asur  Gonzalez  couio  se  adobo  : 

Firiense  en  los  escudos  unos  tan  grandes  colpes  : 

Asur  Gonzalez,  furzudo  e  de  valor, 

Firio  en  el  escudo  a  Don  Muno  Gustioz. 

Tias  el  escudo  falsoge  la  guarnizon  ; 

En  vacio  fue  la  lanza,  ca  en  came  nol'  tom&. 

E=ite  colpe  fecbo,  otio  dio  Muuo  Gustioz, 

Tras  el  escudo  faUuge  la  guarnizon. 

Por  medio  de  la  bloca  del  escudo  quebranto. 

Nol'  pudo  guarir,  falsoge  la  guarnizon. 

Apart'  le  priso,  que  non  cabal  corazon. 

Mt'tiol'  por  la  carne  adentro  la  lanza  con  el  pendon. 

De  la  otra  part  una  braza  gela  et  hu  : 

Con  el  dio  una  tuerta,  de  la  siella  lo  encamo, 


468 

His  horse  sprung  forward  with  the  spur,    he  phick'd  the  spear  away, 
He  wheei'd  and  came  again    to  pierce  him  where  he  lay. 
Then  cried  Gonzalo  Asurez,     '*  For  God's  sake  spare  my  Son! 
"  The  other  two  have  yielded,     the  field  is  fought  and  won." 


Al  tiiar  de  la  lanza  en  tierra  lo  echo. 
Bermeio  sali6  el  astil,  h  la  lanza  h  el  pendon. 
Todos  se  cuedan  que  ferido  es  de  muert. 
La  lanza  lecombro  e  sobrel  se  paro. 
Dixo  Gonzalo  Asurez,  nol'  firgades  por  Dios. 
Venzudo  es  el  campo  quando  esto  se  acabu. 


THE    END. 


PRINTED 

BY 

mtLlJlM  POPLE, 

»i,D  jiorivEi-i.  couiiT, 

STKABn. 


ERRORS. 

Page  95  for  Ciguenza  read  Sigiienza 
117  for  Sanc/io  read  Sisebuto 
\Q7  in  the  note,  for  meat  vt&Afeet 
323  for  Tortoso  read  Tortosa 


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